讲义4句子成分(1)
句子成分分析讲义图文稿
句子成分分析讲义集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）句子成分分析讲义句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语分析下面句子的句子成分：I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.（一）主语主语：句子说明的人或事物Jane is good at playing the piano. 名词She went out in a hurry. 代词Four plus four is eight. 数词To see is to believe. 不定式Smoking is bad for health. 动名词The young should respect the old. 名词化的形容词What he has said is true. 句子练习：找出句中主语1.The sun rises in the east.2.Twenty years is a short time in history.3.The poor are now living in the shelter.4.Seeing is believing.5.To see is to believe.6.He likes dancing.7.What he needs is a book.8.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（二）谓语谓语：说明主语的动作、状态和特征一、简单谓语:由动词或成语动词组成。
凡是由一个动词构成谓语的，不管是什么状态、语态、语气，都属于简单谓语。
I saw the flag on the top of the hill.He looked after two orphans.She will be leaving for Hong Kong on April 3rd.He has been designing a new plane model.二、复合谓语1：由情态动词或助动词+动词构成He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing2：系动词+表语构成The prospects looked excellent.It sounds a good idea.His hair turned grey in a few weeks.She is growing restless.易误用作及物动词的几个不及物动词：误：deal a problem 正：deal with a problem 处理问题误：depend sb. 正：depend on sb.依靠（依赖）某人误：insist doing sth. 正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事误：knock the door 正：knock on [at] the door 敲门误：operate sb. 正：operate on sb. 为某人做手术误：participate sth. 正：participate in sth. 参加某事误：refer sth. 正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考)某物误：rely sb. / sth. 正：rely on sb. / sth. 依靠某人、某物误：reply a letter 正：reply to a letter 回信及物与不及物动词练习：1. No matter how much you’ve learned and how high a standardof education you have had, you must _______ the people heartand soul.A. serveB. serve forC. serve toD. serve on2. The pupil ___ his right hand, obviously hoping to _____ to answer the teacher’s question.A. rose riseB. raised riseC. rose raiseD. raised raise练习：找出句中谓语1.The space shuttle will be launched at 5p.m.2.I suggest that the game be cancelled.3.Share prices have picked up recently.4.The windows of our bedroom looked out upon the lawns.5.I can explain this sentence.6.He must have arrived by air.7.Roses smell sweet.8.He felt troubled and distressed.9.I am happy.(三)宾语宾语：动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. 名词She didn't say anything. 代词How many do you want - I want two. 数词They sent the injured to hospital. 名词化的形容词They asked to see my passport.不定式I enjoy working with you. 动名词Did you write down what he said?句子I find this weather very trying.复合结构作宾语（复合宾语）He gave me some books.双宾语（双宾动词后+间接宾语+直接宾语）练习：找出句子的宾语1.Fasten your seatbelts, please.2.Give me some.3.Let me have one or two.4.Respect the old and cherish the young.5.Stop acting like a child.6.He tried not to offend her.7.He had his passport visaed for South Korea.8.I don’t understand what you mean.9.please pass me the book.10.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.（四）表语表语：在系动词后的部分就是表语That remains a puzzle. 名词The war was over. 副词They seem to know the truth. 不定式Time is precious. 形容词I’m not quite myself today. 代词I don’t feel at ease.介词短语They are twice the size of chickens.词组That’s where we differ.句子（从句）My aunt’s hobby is growing roses. 动名词My daughter is sixteen next month. 数词练习：找出句子中的表语1.He proved a trustworthy friend.2.Sales are down.3.All you have to do is to press this button.4.He has done mad.5.It’s something to be home again without an accident.6.The Conservatives(保守党)were once more in power.7.That would be a great weight off my mind.8.Money is what they are after.9.His first job had been selling home computers.10.Mike was third.系动词的类别：1）状态系动词 be动词Eg: He is a teacher.2）持续系动词 keep, remain, stayEg: He always kept silent at the meeting.3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look,Eg: He looks tired.4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, tasteEg: This kind of cloth feels very soft.5）变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. Eg: He became mad after that.6）终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意 Eg: The rumor proved false.注意：系动词不用于被动语态.（五）定语定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句He is a clever boy. 形容词His father works in a steel factory. 名词Do you know B etty’s sister名词所有格There are 54 students in our class. 数词Whose child is it代词He bought some sleeping pills. 动名词His spoken language is good. 分词（短语）She was quiet for days to come. 不定式Who is that girl with a pigtail介词短语Is there anything I can do for you从句定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。
2023年牛津译林版英语中考复习之状语从句以及句子成分讲义(1)
中考复习之状语从句以及句子成分状语从句语法要点在句子中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句(也称副词性从句),它相当子副词或副词短语,修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词等。
状语从句一般可以分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句等。
一、时间状语从句在句子中起时间状语作用的从句被称之为时间状语从句。
时间状语从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾。
用于引导时间状语从句的连词主要有when,while,as,as soon as,before, after,since,once,till,until,whenever等。
I studied English when (while,as) I was young.我小时候就开始学英语。
I have learned many things since I left my hometown.离开家乡后,我学到了很多东西。
He wants to become famous after he publishes his works.他希望他的作品出版后能成名。
He didn't come into the room until I came back.直到我回来,他才进屋。
二、地点状语从句在句子中起地点状语作用的从句被称之为地点状语从句。
地点状语从句可以放在句首和句尾。
用于引导地点状语从句的连接词有where,wherever等。
Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。
I will follow you wherever (anywhere,no matter where) you go.你到哪儿，我就跟到哪儿。
Wherever you go, you must remember that you are a Chinese.无论你到哪里,你都得记住你是一个中国人。
人教版中考英语复习讲义句子成分
英语中的句子成分1.主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”We work in a big factory.The classroom is very big.Three are enough.To operate on the blind is one of the doctor’s job.Eating fruits is good for health.What we need is food.It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”.It took two workers about three months to build the house.总结：主语一般由名词、代词、数词，不定代词，___________,或者从句充当，大多数主语都在句首。
2．谓语：谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
如：He runs every morning.She doesn’t like milk.We have finished the job.They are students.He can speak German.3．表语:放在在系动词后面。
系动词包括：感官动词（look,sound,smell,taste,feel），be动词，变化动词（get，become，turn），保持动词（stay,keep,remain）You look younger than before.My father is a teacher.My face turn red.He remains a factory worker.4．宾语:宾语是动作、行为的承受者，通常放在谓语动词后面。
He often helps me.He likes to sleep in the open air.The Americans enjoyed living in China.I believe that they can finish the work in time.直接宾语和间接宾语We brought them some food.=We brought some food for them5.定语▲定语用来修饰名词或代词。
大学英语四级语法讲义
大学英语四级主要语法句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
一般可分为两类：1)，简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。
2)，复合谓语：情态动词+不定式Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
如：Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。
形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。
但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。
句子结构句子分类 讲义
一、英语句子成分（一）主语：主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)，是句子所述说的主体。
它的位置一般在一句之首。
主语通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词或从句担任。
1. 名词作主语。
A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上。
)2. 代词用作主语。
You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。
3. 数词用作主语。
Four plus seven are eleven. 7减4余3。
4. 名词化的形容词用作主语。
The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。
7. 不定式用作主语。
To find your way can be a problem. 你能否找到路可能是一个问题。
It would be nice to see him again. 如能见到他，那将是一件愉快的事。
8. 动名词用作主语。
Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。
Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work. 看电影是乐事，制作影片则是苦事。
9. 名词化的过去分词用作主语。
The disabled are to receive more money. 残疾人将得到更多的救济金。
11. 从句用作主语。
Whenever you are ready will be fine. 你无论什么时候准备好都行。
12. 句子用作主语。
”How do you do?” is a greeting.“你好”是一句问候语。
（二）谓语谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。
谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。
1. 由简单的动词构成。
(1) He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。
初高中衔接讲义：句子及句子成分(1)
初高中衔接讲义：句子及句子成分一、句子的定义:句子是包含主语和谓语部分的一组词。
它有一定的语法结构和语调，用来表达一个比较完整的独立的概念。
句子开头第一个字母要大写，句子末尾要有句号、问号或叹号。
二、句子的种类和类型1.句子按其用途可分为四类1）陈述句，用以陈述事实。
I don’t care what she thinks.2) 疑问句，用以提出问题。
Your friend is a doctor, isn’t he ? / When do we meet again?3)祈使句，用以表示命令，请求等。
Have a good sleep and think it over.4）感叹句，用以表示各种强烈的感情。
What a coincidence to meet in San Francisco! 2.句子按其结构分为四种形式1）简单句，由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。
The cause of the fire was a cigarette-end.2)并列句，由两个或两个以上的简单句（分句）组成。
结构：⑴分句+并列连词+分句⑵分句；分句（此结构中，分号相当于并列连词，且第二个分句的第一个字母不大写。
）Cotton is falling in prices, and buyers hold off.1Henry prefers strawberry pie, but his wife always bakes apple pies.3)复合句，由主句和其他从句组成。
结构：主句+从属连词-从句；从属连词-从句+主句注：分析主从句时，应先找出主句，再判断从句类型。
He was an old man who wore thick glasses.4）并列复合句，即含有复合句的并列句。
结构：主句+从属连词-从句+并列连词+主句+从属连词+从句主句+从属连词-从句+并列连词+分句注：此句型中，并列连词起连接作用，连接前后复句或分句，因此应分别分析前后复句。
英语句子成分和句子类型讲义
英语句子成分和英语句子结构句子成分分析：（6种：主谓宾定状补）1、主语（Subject）：动作的发出者，可由名词、代词、不定式（to do）、或动名词（V-ing）等来充当，通常置于句首。
The sun rises in the east.2、谓语（Predicate）: 只有动词或动词短语才能充当，置于主语之后说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.3、宾语：动作的承受者1）动宾位于谓语动词（vt）之后I like China. （名词）I like listening to classical music.2）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.4、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Marry is an English teacher.（名词）Dalian is a beautiful city. (形容词)5、状语。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。
He goes to school by bike.6、补语宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We will make them happy. （形容词）7、表语（Predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep.（形容词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)The cleaner's job is to clean the street.（不定式）（常见的系动词有be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste （尝、吃起来）, feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主＋谓（vi不及物动词) She came．/ My head aches.主＋谓（vt及物动词）＋宾语She likes English.主＋谓＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.主＋系＋表She is happy．主＋谓（vt.）＋宾＋宾补She makes her mother angry．（There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）句子的种类：陈述句/ 祈使句/ 感叹句/ 疑问句练习：分析下列句子成分1. Our school is far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5.He broke a piece of glass.6. Trees turn green when spring comes.7. They pushed the door open. 8. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 9.He wrote some letters to his friends. 10. We need a place twice larger than this one.11. He asked us to sing an English song. 12. We will make our school more beautiful.13. She showed us many of her pictures.14. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．15. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 16. Would you please pass me the cup?17 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 18. Do you know the latest news about him?19. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.翻译练习：主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）你应当努力学习。
讲义句子成分及句子结构
本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！英语语法之句子成分及句子结构一、句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。
即：句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和同位语1 . 主语（subject)主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
找出句中主语The sun rises in the east. 名词Twenty years is a short time in history. 数词The poor are now living in the shelter.名词化的形容词Seeing is believing. 动名词To see is to believe. 不定式He likes dancing. 代词What he needs is a book. 句子（主从）It is necessary to master a foreign language.2谓语：:说明主语的动作、状态和特征；动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
（1）简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans.（2）复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing3宾语：动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语，即动宾&介宾，常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不定式或动名词）、代词和数词充当Show your passport, please. 名词She didn't say anything. 代词How many do you want? - I want two. 数词I enjoy traveling. 动名词He pretended not to see me. 不定式They sent the injured to hospital. 名词化的形容词I think（that）he is fit for this job. 句子（宾语从句）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.（双宾语结构）He gave me some books. Please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.4. 宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整（宾语的复合结构）。
句子成分(讲义)
句子成分：在句子里，词和词之间有一定的关系，按不同的关系可以把句子分为不同的组成部分，句子的组成部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分在句子中的位置是有规律的：[状语] （定语）主语// [状语] 谓语〈补语〉（定语）宾语〈补语〉主语== // 谓语—宾语～～定语（的)（）状语地[ ] 补语<补> < >主语和谓语主语是句子里回答“谁”或“什么”的问题谓语是回答主语“做什么”\“是什么”或“怎么样”主语和谓语的关系:主语是谓语陈述的对象,谓语是对主语加以陈述的.通常主语在前，谓语在后.我国的石拱桥//有悠久的历汽车的马达声//清晰地传来.宾语是动词后边的连带成分，用来表示动作、行为的对象、结果，表示存在、出现、消失的人或事物，是动作所支配、关涉的对象。
表示和主语有同一关系和隶属关系。
1、天空挂着一轮金黄的圆月。
2、池沼里养着金鱼和各色鲤鱼。
有的动词常带两个宾语叫双宾语：一个指人，靠近动词，称近宾语。
一个指物，在近宾语之后，称远宾语。
①他曾经赠给我一个核舟定语是加在名词前的连带成分，它起着修饰、限制作用。
如“他的态度”中“他”是修饰成分，做定语。
状语是谓语前的修饰语，加在动词或形容词前的连带成分，起着修饰或限制其他动词或形容词的作用。
如“轻轻地放下”中”轻轻”补语是动词、形容词性短语里中心语后面的补充成分，起补充说明作用。
补语和中心词的关系，总的是补充与被补充关系。
如“他很快的走过来了”所有单句，不论它的结构多么复杂，如果把它逐层压缩，就会越来越简单，最后剩下的那个成分就是句子的主干。
换句话说，“主干”就是把句子中所有的定语、状语、补语都剔除掉，只剩下主语、谓语和宾语。
请找出主干:1、我应该感谢这些我不知道姓名的人家的灯光。
2、日华和月华大多出现在高积云的边缘。
3、天空被暗灰色的云块密密层层的布满了。
4、那些模样最像武士脸形的蟹就得天独厚地生存下来。
5、那时候，他们根本没有注意人与人之间的错综复杂的阶级关系。
语法讲义：第四章 句子成分
第四章句子成分一．句子成分的性质(一)配对性句子结构中的直接构成成分，往往是两两相对的，是同现的，相互依存的，这就是句子成分的配对性。
句子成分的配对性通常体现在，具有直接关系的句子成分之间往往是对应关系：句子成分配对性的特点是：具有配对关系的句子成分之间是同现的，相互依存的，离开了一方，另外一方也就无所谓存在了。
这一点，在前边的“语法概说”中，已经有所表述，这里不再讨论。
(二)应对性句子成分的应对性，指的是某些句子成分之间可以互易位置，而句子的意思基本不变。
汉语句子成分应对性通常体现在以下几种情况。
1.主—宾应对：主语、宾语互换位置而句子的意思基本不变。
如：①三个人坐一条凳子。
→一条凳子坐三个人。
②西昌通火车了。
→火车通西昌了。
③自古英雄出少年。
→自古少年出英雄。
2.定—中应对：句子中的定语和中心语互换位置而句子的意思基本不变。
如：①水汪汪的眼睛。
→眼睛水汪汪的。
②朵朵白云，阵阵春风。
→白云朵朵，春风阵阵。
3.状—中应对：句子中状语和中心语互换位置而句子的意思基本不变：①你错写了几个字。
→你写错了几个字。
②四周出奇地肃静。
→四周肃静得出奇。
③车子很慢很慢地开着。
→车子开得很慢很慢。
4.主—谓应对：句子中的主语、谓语互换位置而句子的基本意思不变。
如：①一斤白菜三元钱。
→三元钱一斤白菜。
②一张死契六十块大洋。
→六十块大洋一张死契。
上述各种应对关系的事实都是存在的，语法研究要做的是：进一步找到上述各种易位的条件二．主语、谓语(一)主语的语法构成总体上说，可以充当汉语主语的语言成分很多。
在汉语的词类中，除了副词、叹词和各种虚词之外，其他各类实词和词组都可以充当主语。
就此而言，汉语的“主语”似乎是比较讲究“民主”的——汉语的主语不是“名词性成分”的专利。
从具体情况来看，汉语主语通常由以下各种成分来充当。
1.名词性成分充当主语。
这是汉语最为常见的主语构成形式。
如：①他松了一口气。
②小王走了。
③母亲和宏儿都睡着了。
英语句子成分详细讲解讲义及练习
一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
二）主语：主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 名词2.We often speak English in class. 代词3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.数词4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.不定式5.Smoking does harm to the health. 动名词6.The rich should help the poor. 名词7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 主从8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.形式主语（三）谓语谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten o’clock.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。
高考英语复习语法知识讲解讲义(5种基本句型+4种句子成分)
高考英语基本句型英语中常见的句型有以下五种：1、主语 + 谓语2、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语3、主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语4、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语5、主语 + 谓语（系动词）+ 表语一、主谓结构I write、（我写字）You smile、（你微笑）He leaves、（他离开了）She dances、（她跳舞）The river floods、（河水泛滥）The accident happened、（那场事故发生了）某人（或事物）做某事，其中某人（或事物）是动作或行为的发起者，我们称其为主语，后面的动作或行为我们称之为谓语。
二、主谓宾结构I write a letter.You leave your home.He goes to school.She beats me.The flood destroys many houses.The accident causes 2 deaths.上述句子的共同点在于除了表示某人（或事物）做某事之外，还牵涉了另一个人（或事物），这个人（或事物）作为动作或行为的承受者，我们称其为宾语。
三、主谓+双宾结构I write you a letter.His father left him a lot of money.He bought me a new phone.She told me the truth.The government gave him a new mission.在主谓宾结构之外，上述句子又增加了一个人（或事物）作为动作的承受者，也就是又一个宾语。
也可以改写为：I wrote a letter to you.His father left a lot of money to him.He bought a new phone for me.She told the truth to me.The government gave a new mission to him.可以看到，这样调整之后句子的前半部分仍然是完整的主谓宾结构。
初高中英语衔接课程讲义句子的成分和基本句型
第四章句子的成分和基本句型句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。
一、主语一一表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
例如：Lily likes her new bike.（名词）莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。
He gets up early every day.（代词）他每天都起得很早。
To learn English well is not easy. （不定式短语）学好英语不容易。
一、谓语一一说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用型词充当。
例如：We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is_ my father. 他是我父亲。
They all look fine.他们都很好。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
例如：I amreading. You are reading. He\She is reading. Weare reading.三、宾语一一宾语是动作行为的对象。
由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。
例如：Tom bought a story-book .（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。
I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。
He wanted to have a cup of tea .（不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。
直接宾语和间接宾语一一有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
合称双宾。
例如：He gave me some ink .他给了我一些墨水。
间接宾语直接宾语Our teacher told us an interesting story .老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。
句子成分---讲义
第4讲句子成分常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。
这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。
我们称之为：定语、状语一、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。
副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语：The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）Tom is a handsome boy. There is a good boy.数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens. The two boys are students. There are two boys in the room.代词或名词所有格作定语：His boy needs Tom's pen. His name is Tom. There are two boys of Toms there.介词短语作定语：The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. The boy in blue is Tom.There are two boys of 9,and three of 10名词作定语：The boy needs a ball pen. It is a ball pen. There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.The boy there needs a pen. The best boy here is Tom.不定式作定语：The boy to write this letter needs a pen.The boy to write this letter is Tom. There is nothing to do today.分词（短语）作定语：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.The pen bought by her is made in China. There are five boys left.定语从句：The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.The boy you will know is Tom. There are five boys who will play the game.二、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
句子成分分析讲义
句子成分分析讲义句子成分分析是语法学中非常重要的一部分，它帮助我们更好地理解语言中的结构和意义。
在进行句子成分分析时，我们需要先理解句子的组成部分，然后将其分类，确定每个句子成分的作用和意义。
本文将介绍句子成分的分类和作用，以及如何进行句子成分分析。
句子通常由主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等六个基本成分组成。
1.主语：主语是句子中执行具体动作的人、事、物或概念的名称或代词。
主语在句子中起到“施动者”或“动作的承受者”的作用，一般位于谓语之前。
例如：我去了学校。
他和我是好朋友。
2.谓语：谓语是句子中表示动作或状态的词或词组。
谓语通常是动词，但有时也可以是形容词、名词、副词等。
谓语在句子中起到“叙述”的作用，一般位于主语之后。
例如：他正在学习英语。
他喜欢我。
我给他买了一本书。
4.定语：定语是描述或限定名词或代词的词或词组。
定语在句子中起到“说明”的作用，通常位于被描述的名词或代词之前。
例如：那个漂亮的姑娘很友好。
红色的衬衫真的不错。
他很快会去美国。
6.补语：补语是用来补充主语或宾语，从而使句子更加完整的词或词组。
补语通常是形容词、名词、副词等。
例如：他认为这项目很有困难。
二、句子成分作用不同的句子成分在句子中扮演不同的角色和作用，它们相互协作，共同完成句子所要表达的意思。
下面介绍六个基本句子成分的作用。
1.主语的作用：主语是句子的核心成分，它确定了动作的执行者或事物的来源。
主语主要承担以下两种作用：（1）逻辑主语作用：逻辑主语是指在主谓关系中，被谓语描述的动作的执行者或者事物的来源。
例如：Tom 工作很勤奋。
（2）句法主语作用：句法主语是指在句子结构中充当主语成分的词或词组。
例如：认真学习是成功的关键。
2.谓语的作用：谓语是句子的最基本成分，它表达了关于主语的动作或状态。
谓语的作用有：（1）表述动作或状态：谓语是表达一个动作或状态所必须的基本成分。
例如：我吃了一碗面条。
（2）品质描述：需要用到谓语来表达品质上的描述，如好、坏、快、慢、高、低等词汇。
句子成分分析讲义修订版
句子成分分析讲义集团标准化小组：[VVOPPT-JOPP28-JPPTL98-LOPPNN]句子成分分析讲义句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语分析下面句子的句子成分：I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.（一）主语主语：句子说明的人或事物Jane is good at playing the piano. 名词She went out in a hurry. 代词Four plus four is eight. 数词To see is to believe. 不定式Smoking is bad for health. 动名词The young should respect the old. 名词化的形容词What he has said is true. 句子练习：找出句中主语1.The sun rises in the east.2.Twenty years is a short time in history.3.The poor are now living in the shelter.4.Seeing is believing.5.To see is to believe.6.He likes dancing.7.What he needs is a book.8.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（二）谓语谓语：说明主语的动作、状态和特征一、简单谓语:由动词或成语动词组成。
凡是由一个动词构成谓语的，不管是什么状态、语态、语气，都属于简单谓语。
I saw the flag on the top of the hill.He looked after two orphans.She will be leaving for Hong Kong on April 3rd.He has been designing a new plane model.二、复合谓语1：由情态动词或助动词+动词构成He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing2：系动词+表语构成The prospects looked excellent.It sounds a good idea.His hair turned grey in a few weeks.She is growing restless.易误用作及物动词的几个不及物动词：误：deal a problem 正：deal with a problem 处理问题误：depend sb. 正：depend on sb. 依靠（依赖）某人误：insist doing sth. 正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事误：knock the door 正：knock on [at] the door 敲门误：operate sb. 正：operate on sb. 为某人做手术误：participate sth. 正：participate in sth. 参加某事误：refer sth. 正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考)某物误：rely sb. / sth. 正：rely on sb. / sth. 依靠某人、某物误：reply a letter 正：reply to a letter 回信及物与不及物动词练习：1. No matter how much you’ve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must _______ the people heart and soul.A. serveB. serve forC. serve toD. serve on2. The pupil ___ his right hand, obviously hoping to _____ to answer the teacher’s question.A. rose riseB. raised riseC. rose raiseD. raised raise练习：找出句中谓语1.The space shuttle will be launched at 5p.m.2.I suggest that the game be cancelled.3.Share prices have picked up recently.4.The windows of our bedroom looked out upon the lawns.5.I can explain this sentence.6.He must have arrived by air.7.Roses smell sweet.8.He felt troubled and distressed.9.I am happy.(三)宾语宾语：动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. 名词She didn't say anything. 代词How many do you want - I want two. 数词They sent the injured to hospital. 名词化的形容词They asked to see my passport.不定式I enjoy working with you. 动名词Did you write down what he said?句子I find this weather very trying.复合结构作宾语（复合宾语）He gave me some books.双宾语（双宾动词后+间接宾语+直接宾语）练习：找出句子的宾语1.Fasten your seatbelts, please.2.Give me some.3.Let me have one or two.4.Respect the old and cherish the young.5.Stop acting like a child.6.He tried not to offend her.7.He had his passport visaed for South Korea.8.I don’t understand what you mean.9.please pass me the book.10.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.（四）表语表语：在系动词后的部分就是表语That remains a puzzle. 名词The war was over. 副词They seem to know the truth. 不定式Time is precious. 形容词I’m not quite myself today. 代词I don’t feel at ease.介词短语They are twice the size of chickens.词组That’s where we differ.句子（从句）My aunt’s hobby is growing roses. 动名词My daughter is sixteen next month. 数词练习：找出句子中的表语1.He proved a trustworthy friend.2.Sales are down.3.All you have to do is to press this button.4.He has done mad.5.It’s something to be home again without an accident.6.The Conservatives(保守党)were once more in power.7.That would be a great weight off my mind.8.Money is what they are after.9.His first job had been selling home computers.10.Mike was third.系动词的类别：1）状态系动词 be动词Eg: He is a teacher.2）持续系动词 keep, remain, stayEg: He always kept silent at the meeting.3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look,Eg: He looks tired.4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, tasteEg: This kind of cloth feels very soft.5）变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.Eg: He became mad after that.6）终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意Eg: The rumor proved false.注意：系动词不用于被动语态.（五）定语定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句He is a clever boy. 形容词His father works in a steel factory. 名词Do you know B etty’s sister名词所有格There are 54 students in our class. 数词Whose child is it代词He bought some sleeping pills. 动名词His spoken language is good. 分词（短语）She was quiet for days to come. 不定式Who is that girl with a pigtail介词短语Is there anything I can do for you从句定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。
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英语学科教师辅导讲义讲义编号 4课程名称： VIP一对一年级：初三课时数： 2课时学员姓名：梁绻辅导科目：英语教学专家： Carolyn 课题句子成分分析授课日期及时段2013- 7 –17– 09:30 – 11:30教学内容Part Ⅰ Listen and write down.My daughter, Jane, never receiving a from a girl of her own age in Holland. , we were the Channel and Jane with her and on it into a . She threw the bottle into the sea. She never it again, but , she from a girl in Holland. Both girls regularly（定期地）now. However, they have decided to use the . Letters will cost a little more, but they will certainly travel .dream v. 做梦，梦想age n. 年龄channel n. 海峡throw v. 扔，抛我的女儿简从未想过会接到荷兰一位同龄姑娘的来信。
去年，当我们横渡英吉利海峡时，简把写有她姓名和住址的一张纸条装进了一只瓶子，又将瓶子扔进了大海。
此后她就再没去想那只瓶子。
但10个月以后，她收到了荷兰一位姑娘的来信。
现在这两位姑娘定期通信了。
然而她们还是决定利用邮局。
这样会稍微多花点钱，但肯定是快得多了。
PartⅡ英语句子成分1主语句子一般要有主语。
在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充当。
动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用it 作形式主语。
■作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
The students all love playing games. 这些学生都爱玩游戏。
■作主语他们乘公共汽车上学。
school by bus.大多数学生来自农村。
the countryside.■作主语看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
TV too much your eyes. It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
■(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。
指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.2.谓语谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。
可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
■及物动词作谓语我们应该互相帮助。
They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
■不及物动词作谓语You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。
他于1988年9月出国。
He September of 1988.■连系动词表状态He is an excellent teacher. 他是位优秀的教师。
Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。
选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework3.表语表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。
如：John is captain of the team. 约翰是足球队的队长。
The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜爱的运动是游泳。
挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired.A B C D② Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D③ The leaves have turned yellow.A B C D④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.A B C D⑤ She was the first to learn about it.A B C D4.宾语宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。
如：I like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜。
I bought a ticket for Milan. 我买了一张去米兰的车票。
I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你谈话很高兴。
挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother hasn't done his homework.A B C D② People all over the world speak English.A B C D③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D④ How many new words did you learn last class?A B C D⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?A B C D⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.A B C D5.定语定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。
一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充当。
I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。
A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。
A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死，其言也善。
The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. 送往委员会的建议被采纳了。
Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green? 你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗？挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.A B C D② What is your given name?A B C D③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D6.状语英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当，或由连词引导状语从句，表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。
(1) 时间状语I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。
Hearing the news, they felt very excited. 听到这个消息，他们感到很兴奋。
Go along this street until you reach the end. 沿着这条街走直到到达尽头为止。
(2) 地点状语Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国。
You should put the book where it was. 你应该把这本书放回原来的地方。
(3) 程度状语I have quite a lot of work to do. 我有相当多的工作要做。
(4) 目的状语We’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. 这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。
He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. 他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸。
She got up early so that she could catch the first bus. 她早早地起床，以便能够赶上这辆早班车。
(5) 方式状语We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步行去上学。
Please do it as I told you. 请按我告诉你的去做。
(6) 让步状语Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. 虽然她很有钱，而她并不幸福。