Disposal request
普华永道--财务管理最佳实践
Fixed Assets - Best Practice Objectives
Fixed Assets Objectives
To maintain a complete register of all the organisation’s fixed assets which reflects location, age, current values, associated cost centres To calculate depreciation consistently with financial reporting requirements To optimise replacement policies To minimise ownership costs
Organisation
Asset recording integrated with maintenance and non financial data Centralised asset accounting Asset ownership devolved to business unit level
People
Control focused Challenge asset requisition proposals
Processes
Maintain asset register Acquisitions and disposals Depreciation charge Verifying asset base Maintaining of valuation basis
新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材第二版综合教程五第五单元答案
新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材第二版综合教程五第五单元答案III. Language Work1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1). For my own part, I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery.the very same thing as2). And in proportion to the magnitude of the subject ought to be the freedom of the debate.appropriately in agreement with3). We have held the subject up in every light of which it is capable.considered and tried every means in order to deal with the subject4). …if we make a proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed in our power.has given us at our disposal5). Three millions of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, …with liberty as our ultimate aim to fight for6). The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone.is not destined to be won by2. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriate forms and note the difference of meaning between them.solace console1). She was consoled to think that she at least had an understanding husband to turn to.2). The soldiers attempted to solace his wounded comrades by minimizing the extent of their3). They tried to console him for losing the prize by taking him to the theatre.4). They solaced their wretchedness, however, by duets after supper.petition plead1). All the four convicts pleaded guilty but appealed for leniency.2). In the face of questioning by the police, he pleaded ignorance of the bottle of white powder in his suitcase.3). The Church of Scotland petitioned the home secretary for stronger controls on adolescent drug use.4). All delegates to the convention were petitioning the government to take tough measures against illegal coal-mining.More…request: to ask for something politely (not used with the actual words spoken).appeal: to ask strongly for help, support, money, etc.beseech: to ask eagerly and anxiouslyimplore: to ask someone in a begging manner for sth or doing sth.base (adj.) mean1). He is the meanest person I ever know. He is never willing to spend a cent on other people.2). Rapton reached the final; that was no mean achievement, considering all 50 classes took part in the competition.3). The soldier was accused of base cowardice during the confrontation.4). The cheat was base enough to swindle a sick widow out of her life's savings.delusive misleading1). A terminally ill patient usually has a delusive faith in a wonder drug.2). There is nothing true about such an expectation; it is only delusive and vain.3). It was a misleading advertisement that deliberately left out the drug's side effects.4). The ambassador referred to the report as deceitful and misleading.3. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box, using its appropriate form.magnitude forge formidable snaretemporal prostrate array anguishinvincible revere remonstrate subjugation1). Her manner is friendly and relaxed and much less formidable than she appears at her after-game press conference.2). Nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed withwhich the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment.3). When heated, the mixture becomes soft and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes.4). Where I part company with him, however, is over the link he forges between science and liberalism.5). Percy was lying prostrate, his arms outstretched and his eyes closed.6). Given data which are free from bias, there are further snares to avoid in statistical work.7). In pragmatics, the study of speech, one is able to see how specific acts are related to a temporal and spatial context.8). His dad might have been able to say something solacing, had he not been fighting back his own flood of anguish.4. Make a sentence of your own for each of the given words with meanings other than those used in the text. You may change the part of speech of these words.1). chainNo matter how we, my mum and I, protest, my dad chain-smokes as long as he is awake.2). termsThe meeting ended on reasonably amicable terms.3). slightThat doesn't interest me in the slightest.4). plainIt is plain truth that we can't afford a deluxe car, so we haveto make do with this old gas guzzler.5). entertainChildren's programs on TV should aim to both educate and entertain at the same time.6). causeThe causes are a blend of local and national tensions.5. Rewrite the following sentences in such a way as to avoid dangling non-finite clauses.1). He painted so well that he astonished every one of us.He painted so well, to the astonishment of every one of us.2). Every precaution was taken so that the plan might not fail.Every precaution was taken against the failure of the plan.3). If it had not been for Jack, they would have lost the football game.But for Jack, they would have lost the football game.4). I must remind you that you have a responsibility towards your children.I must remind you of your responsibility towards your children.5). The committee has decided that the meeting be postponed.The committee has decided on postponing the meeting.6). No one is sorry that Peter has resigned.No one is sorry about Peter's resignation.7). They will never get there unless they walk a long way.They will never get there without walking a long way.8). We were amused that you met the Harrisons there.We were amused at your meeting the Harrisons there.9). Though he had an immense fortune, he died a mostunhappy man.For all / Despite his immense fortune, he died a most unhappy man.10). Clear evidence showed that smoking was harmful to one's health, but people still refused to believe that.In spite of / Despite the clear evidence showing that smoking was harmful to one's health, people still refused to believe it.Note:A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition followed by a prepositional complement, which is characteristically a noun phrase or a Wh-clause or V-ing clause. A prepositional phrase may be used in place of a non-finite clause, simplifying the structure of the sentence.6. Put a word in each blank that is appropriate for the context.On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly (1) famous throughout the world. I particularly want to (2) pay tribute, not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who have (3) provided the splendid music. Never have I heard American music played better in a (4) foreign land.So, let us, in these next five days, start a long (5) march together, not in lockstep, but on different roads (6) leading to the same goal, the goal of building a world structure of peace and justice in which all many stand together with equal dignity and in which each nation, large or small, has a right to determine its own form of government, free (7) of outside interference ordomination. The world watches. The world listens. The world waits to see what we will do. What is the world? In a personal sense, I think of my eldest daughter whose birthday is today.As I think of her, I think of all the (8) children in the world, in Asia, in Africa, in Europe, in the Americas, most of whom were born since the date of the foundation of the People’s Republic of China.What legacy shall we (9) leave our children? Are they destined to die for the hatreds which have plagued the old world, or are they destined to live because we have the vision to (10) build a new world?IV. Translation1. Translating Sentences1). 假如从不同的角度看这幅画，你会有更好的感觉。
医疗废物处置的请示
医疗废物处置的请示英文回答：Medical Waste Disposal Request.Medical waste, also known as biohazardous waste, includes items that are contaminated with potentially infectious materials. These items can include sharps, gowns, gloves, and other disposable medical supplies. Medicalwaste must be disposed of properly to prevent the spread of infection.There are a number of different methods for disposingof medical waste. The most common method is incineration, which involves burning the waste at a high temperature. Other methods include chemical disinfection, autoclaving, and microwave treatment.The method of disposal that is used will depend on the type of medical waste and the availability of resources.Incineration is the most effective method of disposal, but it is also the most expensive. Chemical disinfection is a less expensive option, but it is not as effective as incineration. Autoclaving is a good option for disposing of sharps, but it is not suitable for other types of medical waste. Microwave treatment is a relatively new technology that is becoming increasingly popular.Regardless of the method of disposal that is used, it is important to ensure that medical waste is disposed of in a safe and environmentally friendly manner.中文回答：医疗废物处置请示。
乔治·高浓度中性洗涤洗涤剂806中性医院洗涤剂说明书
CANBERRA CORPORATIONSAFETY DATA SHEET1. IdentificationProduct Identifier: HUSKY HIGH DILUTION NEUTRAL 806 NEUTRAL HOSPITAL DISINFECTANTApplication or recommended use: Concentrated hard surface disinfectant cleanerRestrictions on use: Do not use in any fashion not specified on the product label.Manufacturer / supplier: Canberra Corporation3610 N. Holland-Sylvania Rd.Toledo, Ohio 43615 USATelephone: 419-841-6616Emergency phone: 800-832-8992 National Poison Center: 800-222-12222. Hazards IdentificationGHS Classification: Classification of this mixture in accordance with paragraph (d) of §1910.1200.Acute Toxicity - Category 4Skin Corrosion/Irritation - Category 1CEye Damage/Irritation - Category 1Label Elements:Symbol:Signal word: DANGERHazard statements: Harmful if swallowed.Causes severe skin burns and serious eye damage.Precautionary statements: Do not breathe mist/vapors/spray.Wash hands, face and any skin contact thoroughly after handling.Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin withwater/shower. Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if presentand easy to do. Continue rinsing.Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.See 4. First-Aid Measures for specific treatment.Store locked up.Dispose of contents/container to an approved disposal facility.Other Hazards: None known3. Composition / Information on IngredientsChemical characterization: Concentrated mixture of water, detergents, germicides and auxiliary agents.Hazardous ingredients: The exact percentage of composition has been withheld as a trade secret.15.36% Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides CAS 7173-51-5, EINECS/ELINCS 230-525-27.9% C12-15 Fatty alcohol ethoxylate CAS 68131-39-5, EINECS/ELINCS NLP500-195-74.1% Tetrasodium EDTA CAS 64-02-8, EINECS/ELINCS 200-573-91.9% Ethanol CAS 64-17-5, EINECS/ELINCS 200-578-6Other ingredients (> 1%):70% Water CAS 7732-18-5, EINECS/ELINCS 231-791-24. First-Aid MeasuresSymptoms: Burning or irritation of affected areas. Causes severe skin burns and serious eye damage.Have the product container or label with you when calling a poison control center or doctor, or going for treatment. Inhalation: Move person to fresh air. If person is not breathing, call 911 or an ambulance, then give artificial respiration, preferably by mouth-to-mouth to an unconscious person. If respiratory irritation, dizziness, or unconsciousness occurs, seek immediate medical assistance.Skin (Hair) Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Wash contaminated area with soap and water for 15-20 minutes. Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice.4. First-Aid Measures (cont.)Eye Contact: Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15-20 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present, after first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing eye. Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice.Ingestion: Call a poison control center or doctor immediately for treatment advice. Have person sip a glass of water if able to swallow. Do not induce vomiting unless told to do so by the poison control center or doctor. Do not give anything by mouth to a person who is unconscious or convulsing. If vomiting occurs, keep head below hips to reduce risk of aspiration. Probable mucosal damage may contraindicate the use of gastric lavage.Note to Physician: Treat exposed patients symptomatically.5. Fire-Fighting MeasuresSuitable Extinguishing Media: Not applicable. Product is not a fire hazard.Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: High pressure water jet. Specific hazards in case of fire: None known.Special Fire Fighting Precautions: Fire fighters should wear appropriate protective equipment, including self-contained breathing apparatus and impervious clothing.6. Accidental Release MeasuresEmergency Procedures: Depending on the extent of release, consider the need for restriction of access to spill area. Personal Precautions: Do not eat, drink or smoke during clean up. Wear protective clothing, eye protection and impervious gloves (e.g. neoprene). Wash thoroughly after clean up.Environmental Precautions: Prevent spills from entering storm sewers/drains or contact with soil.Clean up Methods: Small spills may be wiped up and rinsed with water. For larger spills, contain spill with inert material (sand, clay). Transfer material to labeled containers for recovery or proper disposal. After removal, flush area with water. Follow good industrial hygiene practices.7. Handling and StoragePrecautions for Safe Handling: Read label before use. Avoid contact with skin or eyes. Do not breathe mist/vapors. Wash hands, face and any skin contact thoroughly after handling. Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection, face protection. Use product only according to label directions. If unsure about safe use, contact your supervisor.Conditions for Safe Storage: Keep out of reach of children. Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage and disposal. Store locked up in tightly closed, original contai ner in a cool (10˚ - 30˚C), dry area.Incompatibility: Anionic detergents inactivate material.8. Exposure Controls / Personal ProtectionComponents with occupational exposure limits:Component Reference TWA PELEthanol ACGIH 1000 ppmOSHA 1000 ppmEngineering Controls: Proper ventilation in accordance with good industrial hygiene should be provided.Personal Protective EquipmentRespiratory: Respiratory protection is not necessary under normal conditions of use.Gloves: Use water impervious gloves (latex or neoprene rubber). No breakthrough time has been established.Eye Protection: Chemical resistant goggles or face protection.Other: Protective clothing (long sleeves, pants), eyewash, safety shower are always advisable when working with chemicals.9. Physical and Chemical PropertiesPhysical State - Liquid Auto-ignition temperature - Not applicableColor - Blue Flash Point - > 200°F (ASTM D3278)Odor - Fruity Flammability - Not applicableOdor Threshold - No data available Flammability Limits - Not applicableBoiling Point - 212°F Partition coefficient - Not applicableDecomposition temperature - No data available Solubility (Water) - CompleteFreezing Point - 32°F Vapor Density - No data availablepH (Conc.) - 6.0 - 8.0 Vapor Pressure - No data availablepH (RTU) - 6.0 - 8.0 Viscosity - Slightly viscousRelative Density - 1.005 % VOC - < 1 (Excluding exempt material) Evaporation Rate -Similar to water10. Stability and ReactivityReactivity: No specific reactivity test data is available for this mixture. Under normal conditions of storage and use, hazardous reactions are not expected. Incompatible materials: Oxidizers, anionic detergents.Chemical stability: This product is stable at ambient temperatures and pressures.Conditions to avoid: Temperatures above 50°C or below 10°C.Hazardous decomposition products: None known11. Toxicological InformationAcute Toxicity: Toxicity data is not available for this mixture. Data below are estimates based on summation methods.Test Results Classification (A.0.4.1(c)) Basis (A.1.3.6.1)Oral > 1357mg/kg Category 4 Ingredient literature (Additive formula)Dermal > 2000mg/kg Not applicable Ingredient literature (Additive formula)Inhalation > 20 mg/L Not applicable Ingredient literature (Additive formula)Eye Damage/Irritation Corrosion Category 1 Ingredient literatureSkin Damage/Irritation Corrosion Category 1C Ingredient literatureSummary: Skin and eye contact are most likely routes of exposure. Exposure causes skin burns and eye damage. Subchronic/Chronic Toxicity:Test Results Classification BasisSkin Sensitization Not a sensitizer Not applicable Ingredient literature.Summary: Repeated or prolonged contact causes skin burns and eye damage.Carcinogens - Ingredients are not listed on the NTP Report on Carcinogens, IARC Monographs or by OSHAOther data - No other toxicological information is available for this mixture.12. Ecological InformationThis material has not been tested for acute environmental effects.Persistence and degradability: Material is not persistent. All organic components > 1% are inherently biodegradable.Bio-accumulative potential: No evidence to suggest bio-accumulation will occur.Mobility: Accidental spillage may lead to penetration of soil and groundwater.13. Disposal ConsiderationsDo not contaminate water, food or feed by disposal. Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray, or mixture of rinsate is a violation of Federal Law. If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label directions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency, or the hazardous waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. Container Disposal: Non-refillable container. Do not reuse or refill this container. Offer for recycling if available. Triple rinse container promptly after emptying. Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or incinerate, or if allowed by state and local authorities, burn. If burned, stay out of smoke. If container is one gallon or less, wrap empty container in plastic bag and discard in trash.14. Transport InformationProper Shipping Name: UN1903 Disinfectants, liquid, corrosive, n.o.s., (Quaternary ammonium chlorides)RQ - Not ApplicableShipping emergency phone: 800-424-9300Transport hazard class: 8 Hazard Label: Corrosive (When shipped as a Limited Quantity, labeling is not required.) Packing Group:III Emergency Guide No.: 154 Marine Pollutant: No15. Regulatory InformationInventory status: All components are listed on TSCA(US), EINECS/ELINCS(EU), DSL(Canada), AICS(Australia),ENCS(Japan).FIFRA: This product is a U.S. EPA Registered pesticide, EPA Reg. No. 8155-22, and is subject to certain labeling requirements under Federal pesticide law. These requirements differ from the classification criteria and hazard information required for safety data sheets (SDS), and for workplace labels of non-pesticide products. The hazard information required on the pesticide label is reproduced here.DANGER: Corrosive. Causes irreversible eye damage and skin burns. Do not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing. Wear goggles or face shield, protective clothing and rubber gloves. Harmful if swallowed and/or absorbed through the skin. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before eating, drinking or using tobacco. Remove contaminated clothing and wash clothing before reuse. The pesticide label also includes other important information, including directions for use. OSHA Hazard Communication Standard: This product meets the §1910.1200 definition of a "Hazardous Chemical".15. Regulatory Information (cont.)Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 Title III (EPCRA) Sections 311 and 312Immediate (Acute) Health Hazard Yes Delayed (Chronic) Health Hazard NoFire Hazard No Reactive Hazard NoSudden Release of Pressure Hazard NoSuperfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 Title III (EPCRA) Section 313*Chemicals marked with an asterisk in “3. Composition/Information on Ingredients” are subject to reporting requirements for Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 and 40CFR Part 372. Pennsylvania/New Jersey/Massachusetts Right to KnowSee “3. Composition/Information on Ingredients” for hazardous and top five ingredients over 1% (w/w).California Proposition 65: This product does not contain a listed substance known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm, at levels which would require a warning under the statute.16. Other informationDate issued: 31. 12. 2014 F806-001 Revision: N/ADisclaimer: No representation or warranty, either expressed or implied, of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or of any other nature, is made with respect to information concerning the product referred to in this document. The information contained herein is, to the best of our knowledge and belief, accurate. However, since the conditions of handling and use are beyond our control, it is impossible to foresee every health effect or exposure risk incurred by the use of this product. All chemicals present some degree of hazard and should be used with caution. The information and recommendations contained herein are presented in good faith. The user should review this information in conjunction with their knowledge of the application intended to determine the suitability of this product for such purpose. In no event will the supplier be responsible for any damages of any nature whatsoever, resulting from the use, reliance upon, or the misuse of this information. Furthermore, it is the direct responsibility of the user to comply with all applicable regulations governing the use and disposal of this material. Prepared by: R&D,Canberra Corporation。
国际商务函电练习题 单证实务
词组翻译：(1) credit standing 信用状况(2) financial status 财务状况(3) be in strict confidence 绝对保密(4) modes of business 经营方式(5) open an account 开立账户(6) 小额交易small business engagement(7) 过额交易overtrading(8) 商业证明trade reference(9) 定额货代standing credit(10) 拖延付款delay payment(1) a trial order 试购订单(2) duplicate order 重复订单(3) outstanding order 未完成订单(4) close business 达成交易(5) order sheet 订货单(6) 第一次订货initial order(7) 存货清单stock lines(8) 接受订单accept an order(9) 取消订单cancel an order(10) 执行订单carry out an order(1) to cable a credit 电开信用证(2) to amend a credit 修改信用证(3) to extend a credit 延展信用证有效期(4) to increase a credit 增加信用证面额(5) recourse repudiation 拒绝偿还(6) 保兑信用证confirmed L/C(7) 可转让信用证transferable L/C(8) 有追索权信用证with recourse L/C(9) 信用证余额credit balance(10) 通过银行开立信用证to establish a credit through a bank(1) waterproof 防水(2) wooden case 木箱(3) In sound condition 完好无整(4) registered trademark 注册商标(5) packing instructions 包装要求(6) standard export packing 标准出口包装(7) 装箱单packing list(8) 以毛作净gross for net(9) 习惯包装customary packing(10) 中性包装neutral packing(11)适合海运的包装seaworthy packing(12)运输标志shipping mark(1) on sb.’s behalf 代表……(2) for one’s account 由某方付费(3) refer sb. to sth. 请……参看,参照(4) refund the premium to you 将保险费退还给你(5) in the absence of definite instructions 没有明确指示(6) 免赔率franchise(7) 保险费insurance premium(8) 办理保险arrange insurance(9) 保险凭证insurance certificate(10) “仓至仓”条款warehouse to warehouse clause (w/w clause)(1) demurrage rate 滞期费率(2) despatch money 速遣费(3) discharging port 卸货港(4) loading port 装货港(5) booking note 托运单(6) freight prepaid 运费预付(7) partial shipment 分批装运(8) 通知书准备就绪notice of readiness(9) 租船契约charter party(10) 唛头shipping mark(11)已装船提货on board bill of lading(12)班轮运输liner transport(13)运费到付freight collect(14)班轮运费表liner’s freight tariff(1) CCPIT 中国国际贸易促进委员会(2) on going into the matter 经调查此事(3) to hold no liability for sth. 不负责任赔偿(4) take up the matter 着手处理这个问题(5) at sb.’s disposal 由某人做主，由某人支配(6) make compensation for sb.’s losses 补偿某人的损失(7) 公正行the public surveyor(8) 不可抵抗force majeure(9) 仲裁裁决arbitration award(10) 无追索权without recourse(11)承担责任assume responsibility(12)国际贸易仲裁委员会foreign trade arbitration commission句子翻译：(1) 将与我们进行贸易往来的那家商行要我们向贵行了解有关他们的财务状况与信誉。
不合格品报废申请书
不合格品报废申请书英文回答：I have been asked to write a non-conforming product disposal application. This document is used to request the proper disposal of products that do not meet the required quality standards. It is important to follow the correct procedures to ensure that these products are disposed of in a safe and environmentally friendly manner.In the application, I will include the following information:1. Product details: I will provide a description of the non-conforming product, including its name, model number, and any other relevant information. For example, if we are dealing with electronic devices, I will mention thespecific brand and model.2. Reason for disposal: I will explain the reason whythe product is considered non-conforming. This could be due to manufacturing defects, damage during transportation, or any other quality-related issues. To illustrate, if we are dealing with clothing items, I might mention that the products have stains or tears.3. Quantity: I will specify the quantity of non-conforming products that need to be disposed of. This is important for planning the disposal process. For instance, if we are dealing with food items, I might mention the number of expired or spoiled products.4. Disposal method: I will state the preferred method of disposal. This could include recycling, incineration, or any other appropriate method. I will also mention any specific requirements or regulations that need to be followed during the disposal process. For example, if we are dealing with hazardous materials, I might mention the need for special handling and disposal procedures.5. Signatures: I will include spaces for the authorized personnel to sign and date the application. This ensuresthat the disposal request is approved and documented properly.中文回答：我被要求写一份不合格品报废申请书。
废弃物的处理程序Waste-disposal-procedure
更新记录Change Record会签记录Review and Approval审核(Reviewed by):(Approved by):批准．1目的描述如何处置在储存、生产制造和服务过程中产生的废弃物。
范围2此程序适用于除记录在帐的直接材料、半成品、过期成品、设备和家具的报废以外的其它废弃的物品，其中包括以下各类：一般废弃物2.1不可回收废弃物：包括不可回收的发套、鞋套、粘带等工业垃圾，生活垃2.1.1圾、办公垃圾等。
可回收废弃物：2.1.2木制和纸制包装材料、塑料包装材料、泡沫材料、塑料纸等。
2.1.2.1报废的探测针、废锡渣、马口铁罐等金属废弃物。
2.1.2.2危险废弃物2.2、酸、碱、有机溶剂等。
IPA、FC40废弃的化学品：2.2.1、酸、碱等的容器IPA化学品的容器：装2.2.2 、FC40 2.2.3 沾有化学品的泡沫、海绵、抹布、纸张等。
废弃的油品：包括废油、废冷却液、含油废水等。
2.2.42.2.5 报废的日光灯管、紫外线灯、电池等有害废弃物。
2.2.6报废的硒鼓，墨盒等。
3 定义/相关文件3.1 MSDS化学品安全技术说明书环境因素的识别程序 3.2 G9068-XX3.3 G9071-XX 设备维护的废弃物处置程序3.4 G9069-XX 化学品管理程序4程序4.1 一般废弃物的处置不可回收废弃物的处置4.1.14.1.1.1 在办公区域，每个办公桌都有相应的垃圾箱来收集办公垃圾，生活垃圾等。
4.1.1.2 在厕所装有收集废物的垃圾桶。
4.1.1.3 生产车间内设有垃圾箱用来收集头罩、口罩等。
4.1.1.4 清洁工必须收集每个垃圾箱的垃圾，然后放在公司厂房北面的垃圾桶内。
4.1.1.5 不可回收废弃物由合约商每天进行清运。
4.1.2可回收废弃物的处置4.1.2.1 每个办公区都有一个收集废纸的垃圾箱，定期由清洁工清理。
4.1.2.2 仓库负责人必须确保所有木制包装材料必须贮存收集好。
完整版民航专业英语词汇..
1民航专业英语词汇民航专业英语词汇民航专业英语词汇民航专业英语词汇Main service points:主勤务点Cockpit arrangement: 驾驶舱布局Captain console: 机长操纵台Glare shield panel: 遮光板面板Observer console:观察员操纵台Landing gear free fall lever compartment:起落架自由落下手柄舱Control pedestal forward panel:控制台前面板Control pedestal:控制台Control stand:控制台Cockpit partition:驾驶舱分区Hanger: 机库Protective breathing equipment PBE: 呼吸保护器Crank handle: 摇臂Locking pin: 锁销Seat lateral unlocking: 座位横向锁Seat locking(neutral position): 座位锁Seat longitudinal unlocking：座位纵向锁Inertial real unlocked/locked：：：：Thigh rest upward/downward setting：Backrest locking：靠背锁Backrest reclining：靠背调节Seat height locking：座位高度锁Seat upward/downward setting：座位上下调整Lumber support pushbutton:Lateral locking pin:横侧锁销Manual control handle:人工操纵手柄Plug:插塞Electric actuator:电动致动器Top- off fitting:Cockpit emergency evacuation:座舱应急逃离Cockpit window emergency exit:座舱窗口应急出口Commonality:通用性Detent protection:致动器保护Cursor control device: CCD 光标控制器光标控制器光标控制器光标控制器White stripped bar:白色斜纹条白色斜纹条白色斜纹条白色斜纹条Reversionary panel:复原面板复原面板复原面板复原面板Display selector knob:显示选择器旋钮Radio altitude data:无线电高度数据FPA acceleration pointer: FPA加速指针Electronic checklist: ECL 电子检查单ECL Database loading page: ECL数据载入页面2Closed loops:闭环Total fuel quantity:De-clutter: 整理Cyan box: 蓝绿色盒子A dual concentric rotary knob:同心双旋钮Electronic bay:电子舱A 20-slot cabinet:插槽柜Glare shield lights control panel:Guidance panel: 制导面板Flood/storm panel lighting: 泛光灯面板照明Chart holder lighting control knob:Flight crew reading lights:机组阅读灯Adjust aperture size of light pattern:调整照明灯孔Passenger sign control panel:Toggle switch:搬扭开关Sterile toggle switch:Rain bow lights :Passenger cabin temperature rotating knob:Courtesy light reset switch:Lavatory dome light:厕所顶灯Water tank capacity and fault indication:水箱容量和故障显示Logotype lights : 航徽灯A colored solid square:有色实心方快Reinforced cockpit door:座舱加强门Electronic mechanic door latch: 机电门闩Waste compartment:废物舱Handset cradle : 通话手机托架Dispensing units : 氧气面罩放出装置Air gasper outlets: 换气口Manual deploy tool:Individual reading light:独立阅读灯Waste flap:Waste disposal:废物箱Chart lights:航图灯Dome lights: 顶灯Fluorescent flood /storm light:萤光泛光灯Cabin /cockpit emergency flood light: 客舱/座舱应急泛光灯Emergency escape path: 应急撤离线路Photoluminscent strip: 荧光发光带Protective grills:Vent flap:Escape slide: 逃生滑梯External handle:Escape slide handle:逃生滑梯手柄3Lock/vent flap handle:Girt bar: 束缚杆束缚杆束缚杆束缚杆Fuel control unit：燃油调节器ramp扶梯Water line:吃水线Access door:检查盖Service door:Lock handle:锁销Proximity sensor: 近地传感器Fabric girt:Floor fittings:Floating device:漂浮设备Mooring line: 系绳系绳系绳系绳Fair safe:Inflation cylinder pressure readiness inspection window:充气瓶压力检查窗Girt bar engagement indicator window:Manual inflation handle:人工充气手柄Pressure gauge:压力表NO.GO indication: 无冲压指示GO indication: 冲压指示Deflated handle:放气手柄Pivot pin:主销Strap handle:Security lever:安全手柄An emergency egress:应急出口A passive lock:Blowout panel:Grill-protected openings: 防火孔/口Peephole:窥视孔Air compressor:空气压缩机Lavatory faucet：厕所水龙头Retention tanks: 贮藏箱Tarmac :停机坪停机坪停机坪停机坪Auto drain valve:自动排放活门Clogs: 塞满Drain mast heater: 排水加热器Vacuum waste system:真空污水系统A flushing switch:冲洗电门Rinse:冲洗Water system controller:净水系统控制器Fill/drain nipple:Sump/sink:收水池，水箱Faucet:水龙头Water filter: 滤水器4Toilet bowl:抽水马桶Overflow tube:外溢排水管Lever sensor:杆式水量传感器Fill/ drain valve:加/放水阀Liquid level sensor: 液位/面传感器Waste line:污水管Rinse line:冲水管Vacuum waste servicing panel:真空污水检查面板Waste drain ball valve handle:污水排泄阀手柄Fire extinguishing system: 灭火系统Automatic configuration monitoring system:自动配置监控系统Non-dispatchableMiscompare:Air management system:空气管理系统Pack flow control valve:主件流量控制活门Cockpit temperature rotating knob: 座舱温度旋钮Recirculation fan:再循环风扇Flight attendant control panel:乘务控制面板Cross-bleed button:交输引气按键Bleed air button: 引气按键Engine bleed valves:发动机引气活门Stripped bar:条纹Cabin altitude selector knob: 座舱高度选择旋钮Pressurization mode selector knob:增压方式选择旋钮Outflow valve:外流活门Landing field elevation:着陆机场标高Differential pressure indication:压差指示ECS synoptic page: ECS 简图页面Air shutoff valves status:空气关断活门状态页面Diagonal:斜的Outflow valve scale /pointer: 排放活门刻度/指针Flow line:排放管Ground cart:地面气源车Gasper:Flow control valve:流量控制阀Low/high stage bleed valve:低压/高压引气活门Engine start ground cart:发动机启动地面气源车发动机启动地面气源车发动机启动地面气源车发动机启动地面气源车Fan air bleed valve:风扇空气引气活门EMERG RAM air valve:应急冲压空气活门Fan air valve:风尚空气活门Low pressure check valve:低压单向活门Anti-ice supply ducting:防冰引气供气管道Overheat detection system:过热探测系统Dual loop sensing:双环探测5Trim pressure duct:压力调节管道FLAPPER VALVES瓣状活门Bleed source:引气源Bleed priority logic: 引气优先逻辑Takeoff data set: TDS 起飞数据设置Cargo bay ventilation:货舱通风ECS cooling packs: ECS 散热主件Pack flow control valve:主件流量控制阀Cabin pull-up mode:座舱拉升方式Electronic compartment ventilation:电子设备舱通风Secondary power distribution assembly:辅助配电组件Emergency integrated control center: 应急集控中心Forced cooling air:强制散热散空气RAM air circuit: RAM 空气电路Emergency ram air ventilation valve:应急冲压空气通风活门Recirculation bay:再循环舱Static pressure port:静压孔Cabin pressure control system:座舱压力控制系统Negative differential pressure:负压差Orifice:孔，口Sensing orifice:探测孔Cabin altitude rate of change: 座舱高度变化率Cabin altitude change rate: 座舱高度变化率Cabin pressure variation rate: 座舱压力变动率Pressure rate of variation:压力变动率Maximum differential pressure limiter: 最大压差限制器Offset of 0.11psi:偏差Bleed isolation valve: 引气隔离活门Lateral guidance control: 水平导航控制Lateral Navigation 侧向导航Vertical guidance control: 垂直导航控制Synchronize:同步HDG selector knob: HDG 选择旋钮Autopilot approach status annunciator: 自动驾驶进近状态信号器Altitude holding mode: 高度保持方式Altitude pre-selected window: 高度预选窗FD guidance cue: 飞行指引仪引导提示符Primary servo:主侍服Thrust control system :TCS 推力系统Thrust reverser trigger: 反推触发器FD declutter button: FD整理键AFCS processing module: 飞控系统处理组件Automatic pitch trim:自动俯仰配平Elevator AP servo:6Aileron AP servo:A hot spare channel: 热备用通道Elevator thrust compensation: 升降舵推力补偿Captain /first office load feel: 机长/副驾驶载荷感应Synchronize the heading bug to the current heading: 航向同步航向同步航向同步航向同步Approach preview mode: 进近预览方式进近预览方式进近预览方式进近预览方式Flight path reference line:飞行航迹基准线Flap-pitch based guidance: 基于襟翼俯仰的引导Overspeed protection: 超速保护Vertical profile:纵向/垂直剖面Waypoint altitude constraint: 航路点高度限制Temperature compensation:温度补偿Descent angle: 下降角Path angle:航迹角Speed/altitude limit protection: 速度/高度限制保护Speed constraint:速度限制Speed reversion: 速度恢复速度恢复速度恢复Latched speed protection: 闩锁速度保护闩锁速度保护闩锁速度保护闩锁速度保护Trim rate command: 配平指令Thrust rating selection: 推力等级选择Thrust lever angle trim:推力手柄角配平Thrust control quadrant:油门操纵杆Speed control mode: 速度控制方式Flight level change thrust control mode: 飞行高度改变的推力控制方式Takeoff thrust control mode:起飞推力控制方式Go-around thrust control mode:复飞推力控制方式Takeoff thrust hold mode:起飞推力保持方式Retard mode: 减速方式Limited thrust: 限制推力Auto rating type transition logic:自动功率型过度逻辑Air cooler inlet:空气三热器进气口APU air inlet silencer: APU进气口消音器APU operational envelope: APU 运行包线图APU selector knob :APU 选择旋钮APU emergency stop button: APU 应急停车键APU RPM indication: APU 转速表APU EGT indication: APU排气温度表APU fuel supply: APU 燃油供应Ejector fuel pump:喷射器燃油泵APU master switch: APU 总电门Electronic starter controller:电子启动器控制器Brushless starter generator:无刷启动发电机Cooldown period: 冷却时间spool 級;短管7spool down 發動機減速spool up 發動機加速Spool down period:发动机减速时间Electrical fault isolation:电气故障隔离Bus tie contactor:母联接触器AC power quality requirement：AC电能质量规定Electrical flow line: 电力线High lift system actuation:大升力系统启动Load shedding:减负荷Electrical-electronic integrated device:电气电子集成设备Thermal circuit breaker:热跳开关Electronic mechanical relays: 电子机械继电器Load distribution:负载分配负载分配负载分配Solid state power controller: 固态电力控制器Line select key:行选择键Priority logic:优先逻辑Load shedding protection:减负荷保护Fan rotor (N1 rotor speed):Compressor (N2 rotor speed)Exciter:激励器Thrust lever detent:Thrust reverser trigger:反推触发器Fire handle:灭火手柄Fire protection control panel:防火保护控制面板Engine control panel:发动机控制面板Start/stop selector knob:启动/关断选择旋钮Ignition selector knob:点火选择旋钮N1 wing anti-ice cyan line:Thrust level:推力级Thrust rating mode indication:推力等级方式显示N1 request indication:Auto re-light system: 自动重起系统Vibration level:变动级Fuel /oil heat exchanger:燃油/滑油热交换器Fuel-cooled oil cooler:燃油致冷式滑油散热器Fuel metering valve:燃油计量活门Fuel filter blockage:燃油滤堵塞Variable stator vanes:可变静子叶扇Fuel driven actuator:燃油驱动致动器Compressor efficiency:压缩机效率Fuel injector:燃油喷嘴Ejector fuel pump:喷射器燃油泵Lubrication system:Shaft bearings:8Accessory gearbox:附件齿轮箱Oil quantity sensors:滑油量传感器Scavenge pumping elements:回油泵元件Lube and scavenge pump:Chevron nozzle:Sump drain: 收油池Puddle:坑A filter bypass:Cold start relief valve:冷启动释放活门Deaerator:CHIP detector: 金属探测器Scavenge screens:回油筛Transfer gear box:转换齿轮箱Starter cutout speed:启动机关断速度Ignition selector knob:点火选择旋钮Engine start selector knob:发动机启动选择旋钮Ground idle speed:地面慢车速度Thrust reverser stowing:Interlock function:互锁功能Actuator locks:启动器锁Cowl lock:Engine condition monitoring:发动机状态监控Engine inlet air temperature:发动机进气温度Fan speed data:风扇速度数据Airplane vibration monitoring system:飞机抖动监控系统Automatic dry monitoring:自动干转监控Performance calculation:Flexible takeoff:灵活起飞A reduced takeoff thrust:减功率起飞推力Assumed temperature:假定温度Minimum flex takeoff thrust:最小灵活起飞推力Maximum rated takeoff thrust:最大额定起飞推力Flex takeoff reduction limit:灵活起飞推力减少限制N1 request valve:Takeoff reserve:起飞保留Default mode setting:默认方式设置Flat rated temperature:Hot start ：热启动No light off：无点火Hung start:延迟启动ITT OVER limit protection: ITT 超温限制保护Engine start high ITT prevention：发动机启动ITT温度过高预防Engine fire extinguisher handle:发动机灭火器手柄APU fire extinguisher button:9Hydraulic shutoff valve:液压关短活门High and low –rate cargo extinguisher bottle: 货舱大/小功率灭火瓶Fire detection system test button:火警探测系统测试键Engine fire protection system:发动机防火系统Fire extinguisher handle:灭火手柄Fuselage fairing:机身整流罩Engine bleed air shutoff valve:发动机引气关断活门Pneumatic fire detector:气源火警探测器Cargo smoke detection:货舱烟雾探测器Ventilation outflow valve:通风排放活门Smoke sensor:烟雾传感器Flight control system:飞控系统Multifunction roll spoiler:多功能横滚扰流板Ground spoiler:地面扰流板Hydraulic actuator:液压制动器Control cables:操纵纲索Primary actuator control electronics:主控电子装置Flight control module:飞控组件Electro-hydraulic actuators:电子液压启动器Electro-mechanical actuators:Pitch trim switch:俯仰配平电门AP/Trim disconnect button:Slat/flap selector lever:Speed brake lever:减速板手柄Pitch trim system 1 cutout button:Flight control mode panel:飞控方式面板Flight control mode button:Elevator disconnect handle:升降舵断开手柄Aileron disconnect handle:A solid green pointer:Analog control:模拟操纵Rudder /elevator surface actuator:方向舵/升降舵舵面驱动器Controller area network bus:Stroke limiting:High level function:高级功能Avionics standard communication bus: ASCB航空电子标准通讯汇流条System diagnostics:系统诊断Central maintenance computer 中央维护计算机CMCElevator thrust compensation:升降舵推理补偿Brake control module:刹车控制组件Proximity sensor electronic module:近地传感器电子组件Airspeed augmentation commands:空速增益指令Latent faults:潜在故障Cells:电池10Reference thrust setting:基准推力值Control column displacement:驾驶杆移位Disconnect mechanism:分离机械Disconnect handle:分离手柄Tail strike avoidance: TSA 尾撬尾撬尾撬尾撬AOA limiter：迎角限制器AOA threshold: AOA 标准标准标准标准Pitch rate:俯仰变化率Wheel main trim switches: 手轮主配平电门Electrical servo motor: 电器侍服马达Horizontal stabilizer actuator:水平安定面致动器Speedbrake auto trim:减速板自动配平Electric trim motor:电动配平马达Automatic mach trim:自动马赫配平Pitch down tendency:机头下沉趋势FWD/AFT torque tubes:Gain scheduling:增益计划增益计划增益计划增益计划Rudder gain:方向舵增益Rudder effectiveness:方向舵效率Interconnect rod:内接连杆Pedal assembly:脚蹬组件Yaw dumping:偏航阻尼偏航阻尼偏航阻尼偏航阻尼Slat system:Slat surface:缝翼翼面Double slotted flap surfaces:双槽襟翼操纵面Power driven unit：PDU 动力驱动组件Skew protection:不对称保护不对称保护不对称保护不对称保护Electronic skew sensor:电子不对称传感器Strike protection:电气过载保护电气过载保护电气过载保护电气过载保护Displacement angle:偏转角度Control wheel displacement:驾驶杆偏移Wheel brake efficiency:机轮刹车效率Stopping distance:停止距离Fixed control laws configuration:Steep approach mode: 大角度进近方式大角度进近方式大角度进近方式大角度进近方式Flap low rate:Pitch trim low rate:Slat low rate:Gliding line：下滑线Aiming point下滑点Climb angle：上升角Descend angle：下降角ALPHA门警告UNSTABLE MODE：CONFIGURATION 不稳定模式：构型不当11 UNSTABLE MODE：：：：STEEP 不稳定模式不稳定模式不稳定模式不稳定模式：：：：下降剖面陡下降剖面陡下降剖面陡下降剖面陡EXCESSIVE BANK ANGLE 坡度大EXCEEDENCE OF FLAP ALTITUDE LIMIT襟翼超高度限制EXCEEDENCE SPEED速度超限HIGH NEGATIVE ACCELEARTION （IN FLIGHT）飞行中垂直过载小HIGH POSITIVE ACCELERATION（IN FLIGHT）飞行中垂直过载大DIRECT LAW ：Direct law 警告ALTITUDE ALERT：DESCENT高度警告：下降ABNORMAL CONFIGURATION（AT GO—AROUND）：复飞构型错BOUNCED LANDING：：：：着陆跳起着陆跳起着陆跳起着陆跳起LONG FLARE：：：：着陆有平飘着陆有平飘着陆有平飘着陆有平飘HIGH ACCELERATION （AT LANDING）：接地垂直过载大HEADING DEVIATION （AT LANDING）：着陆航向不稳定（接地—地速50KTS）PITCH LOW （AT TOUCHDOWN）接地时刻俯仰角小TIRE LIMIT SPEED HIGH轮胎限制速度大LOW SPEED AT LANDING接地速度小HIGH SPEED AT LANDING接地速度大LANDING GEAR OUT OF SEQUENCE起落架放出顺序错USE OF SPEEDBRAKES DURING FINAL APPROAC最终进近使用扰流板LATE LANDING FLAP SETTING着陆构型设置过晚着陆构型设置过晚着陆构型设置过晚着陆构型设置过晚Exceddence of flaps/slats limit speed in conf full ：：CONF FULL 构型时襟构型时襟构型时襟构型时襟/缝翼限制速度超缝翼限制速度超缝翼限制速度超缝翼限制速度超限限限限roll cycling during final approach：：：：最终进近横向姿态变化大最终进近横向姿态变化大最终进近横向姿态变化大最终进近横向姿态变化大pitch cycling during final approach最终进近俯仰姿态变化大最终进近俯仰姿态变化大最终进近俯仰姿态变化大最终进近俯仰姿态变化大Pitch Low In Final approach：：：：最终进近俯仰角小最终进近俯仰角小最终进近俯仰角小最终进近俯仰角小localizer deviation：：：：航向道偏差大航向道偏差大航向道偏差大航向道偏差大Glide slope deviation低于下滑道低于下滑道低于下滑道低于下滑道High rate of descent进近下降率大进近下降率大进近下降率大进近下降率大Late thrust reduction收油门过晚收油门过晚收油门过晚收油门过晚Approach speed low进近速度小Approach speed high进近速度大进近速度大进近速度大进近速度大Descent Slope: shallow下降坡度下降坡度下降坡度下降坡度：：：小小小、、、、Descent Slope: STEEP下降坡度下降坡度下降坡度下降坡度：：：：大大大大Maximum Operating Altitude exceedence：高度超限Early configuration change (during initial climb) 初始爬升构型改变过早初始爬升构型改变过早初始爬升构型改变过早初始爬升构型改变过早Height lost高度损失(初始爬升pitch rate high(during initial climb, 初始爬升俯仰率大climb out speed low爬升速度小High positive Acceleration：：：：起飞阶段垂直过载大起飞阶段垂直过载大起飞阶段垂直过载大起飞阶段垂直过载大lift off speed high离地速度大离地速度大离地速度大离地速度大N1 uncoordination 起飞时左右发起飞时左右发起飞时左右发起飞时左右发N1不匹配不匹配不匹配不匹配taxi speed exceedence滑行速度大地貌飛行地貌飛行地貌飛行地貌飛行（（（（Contour FlyingContour FlyingContour FlyingContour Flying））））障礙物超越障礙物超越障礙物超越障礙物超越（（（（Obstruction ClearanceObstruction ClearanceObstruction Clearance Obstruction Clearance））））12SSSSteep turnteep turnteep turnteep turn：：：：小转弯小转弯小转弯小转弯空中動作（In-flight maneuver）特定飛航動作（*Specific flight characteristics）接近失速及改正（Approaches to stall and recovery）*環繞進場（Circling approach）誤失進場（Missed approach）Navigation radio sensor: 导航无线电传感器Airspeed tape indications:空速速度带显示Selected airspeed /mach readout:Selected airspeed bug: 选择空速游标Vfs speed: takeoff final segment speed:Flap retraction speed reference:襟翼收上速度基准Airspeed trend vector: 空速趋势矢量Approach climb speed:进近爬升速度Reference speed:基准速度Ideal flap selection speed:最佳襟翼收上速度Drift down speed:飘降速度Flap maneuvering speed:襟翼机动速度Shaker speed:抖杆速度Low speed awareness tape:低速意识带Airspeed rolling digits:空速滚动数字Vmo/Mmo Barber Pole: 标杆速度Selected vertical speed direction arrow:选定升降速度方向箭头Selected vertical speed readout:选定升降速度值Vertical speed scale:Altitude tape indication:高度带显示Single or double line chevrons: 单或双线V形标记Green hashed box:Barometric correction:气压修正Altitude trend vector:高度趋势矢量ADI indication: ADI 显示Flight path reference line /readout: 飞行航迹基准线/读数FPA acceleration pointer: FPA加速指针Pitch limit indicator:俯仰姿态限制指示器Stick shaker AOA: 失速抖杆AOAActual AOA: 实际AOASlip/skid indicator: 滑动指示器Roll scale /low bank limit ARC: 横滚刻度/小坡度限制弧Inverted triangle:Steep turns:小转弯ILS glide slop deviation: ILS 下滑道偏离Vertical approach path: 垂直进航迹FMS vertical deviation: FMS垂直偏离13Trapezoidal form:不规则四边形ILS/VOR lateral deviation: ILS/VOR侧向偏离Pitch angle scale:俯仰角刻度Takeoff crossbar:起飞十子杆Excessive pitch chevron annunciator:俯仰过大V形信号牌Radar altitude indication:雷达高度指示Minimum selected readout:最小选择读数Marker beacon annunciation:指点标信号Graphics test data monitor annunciator: 图形测试数据监控器信号牌Attitude source annunciation:姿态源信号Air data source annunciation:大气数据源信号VNAVA altitude constraint annunciation: VNAVA高度限制信号Vertical track alert annunciation:垂直航迹预警信号Primary navigation source annunciation:主导航源信号Selected heading readout: 选定航向读数Bearing pointer:方位指针Course select point:航道选择点Lateral deviation indicator: 侧向偏离显示器Drift angle bug:偏流角游标Dilution of Precision精度扩散因子精度扩散因子精度扩散因子精度扩散因子Bearing source annunciator：方位源信号牌Selected heading bug:选定航向游标Course select preview pointer:航道选择预览指针Desired track readout:目标航迹读数Dead reckoning mode:推测领航方式Approach sensitivity mode annunciator: 进近敏感性方式信号牌Waypoint data block indications:航路点数据块显示Range selection:距离选择Weather radar returns: 气象雷达回波Antenna position indicator：天线位置指示器Slave annunciation:随动显示随动显示随动显示随动显示ADI/HIS miscompare: 不匹配Horizontal profile indications:水平剖面指示Vertical profile indications:垂直剖面指示Horizontal track line:水平航迹线FMS progress window: FMS 进程窗Selected heading out of view arrow:选定航向隐藏箭头Cross track annunciations:十子航迹信号Planned horizontal flight path:计划水平航路Airplane trajectory line:飞机空气轨迹线Vertical situation display:垂直状态显示Target alert checkbox:目标预警复选框/检查盒Rain echo attenuation compensation technique checkbox:雨反射波衰减补偿技术复14选框/检查盒Altitude compensation tilt check box:高度补偿倾斜复选框/检查盒Turbulence detection checkbox:颠簸探测复选框/检查盒Gain indication display:增益指示显示Receiver sensitivity level:接收机灵敏度Antenna stabilization checkbox:天线稳定复选框/检查盒Sector scan checkbox:扇形扫描复选框/检查盒Forced standby override:强制等待超控键Lightning sensors:雷电传感器Rate of occurrence symbols: 发生率符号Lightning mode:雷电方式Lightning clear function:雷电删除功能Scratch pad:草稿Index display:索引显示Brightness control button:灯光亮度控制键Function buttons:功能键Data link:数据链Thrust rating selection:推力功率选择Display control panel:显示控制面板Full compass:全罗盘ARC mode: ARC 方式Flight path reference:飞行航迹基准Integrated electronic standby system IESS 集成电子备用系统Reference barometric pressure indication:基准气压压力指示Meter altitude indication:米制高度指示Negative altitude:负高度Baro rotary knob:气压设置旋钮Detent ：卡位Control wheel chronometer:驾驶盘时钟Standby magnetic compass:备用磁罗盘Glareshield communication:遮光板通讯Hand microphone controls:手持麦克风Headphone：：：：头戴式耳机头戴式耳机头戴式耳机头戴式耳机Headset头戴式耳机Boom microphone：：：：Ramp station:SELCAL annunciation button: 选择呼叫信号键Digital voice data recorder: DVDRReversionary panel:复原面板Reversionary logic cycle:复原逻辑循环Multifunction probe:多功能探测管Side-slip effects:侧滑效应Total pressure: 全压Static pressure:静压15Resistive heater element:防热散失加温元件Airplane sink rate variation:飞机下沉率变动Record mandatory parameters:强制记录参数Barometric corrected altitude:气压修正高度Alignment phase: 校准阶段Lateral acceleration:侧向加速Compass card:罗盘卡Lubber line: 罗盘准线Bowl:盘/碟/碗Modular radio cabinet:模块式无线电机柜Squelch type:静噪类型Signal-noise squelch: 信噪静噪信噪静噪信噪静噪信噪静噪Signal /noise squelch high:Signal level squelch :信号电平静噪EM mode: emission mode: 发射方式Carrier power:载波功率Power dispersion: 功率耗散Clarifier:无线电干扰消除器Capture a frequency: 频率截/捕获Communication management function”通讯管理功能Character –oriented communication: 面向字符通讯Voice communication: 语音通讯Airline operational communication:航空公司运营通讯Fault /events reports: 故障/事件报告Uplink:上传Inertial reference unit:惯性基准单元/组件Acquisition:截获Altitude aiding:高度帮助Velocity aiding:速度帮助Prompt:提示符提示符提示符提示符Designated airspace: 指定空域Transponder field:Ground mapping:地面测绘Integrated receiver transmitter antenna unit:集成收发机天线组件集成收发机天线组件集成收发机天线组件集成收发机天线组件Radar weather detection mode:雷达天气探测方式Ground mapping mode:地面测绘方式Slave mode:从模式/方式/用户方式Off MODE:Standby /forced standby mode:备用/强制备用方式Angle of sweep: 扫描范围/角Tilt function:倾斜功能Altitude compensation tilts function:高度补偿倾斜功能Attenuation losses: 衰减损失16Transmit inhibit relay:发射抑制继电器Navigation MAP data: 导航MAP 数据Performance initialization data:性能初始化数据Vertical track alert:垂直航迹预警Initial cruise altitude:初始巡航高度Early/late descent:下降早/迟FMS speed plan:FMS速度计划Speed command flight phase:速度指令飞行阶段Approach speed limit activation logic:进近速度限制激活逻辑Waypoint speed constraints:航路点速度限制Navigation database: 导航数据库Customs database:用户数据库Aircraft database:飞机数据库Performance learning function: “smart performance”Company route identifier:公司航路代号FMS position integrity estimate:FMS 位置整体估计Lateral track alert:侧向航迹预警A steep climb:大角度上升Lateral offset:横横横横/侧向偏至角侧向偏至角侧向偏至角侧向偏至角Maintenance and system configuration:维修和系统构型Navigation identification:导航识别Position initialization:位置初始化Performance initialization: 性能初始化Route selection:航路选择Creating a flight route: 创建飞行航路Alternate flight route:备用飞行航路Tail marker:机位标记Point of No turn: 航线临界点航线临界点航线临界点航线临界点Maximum endurance:最大续航能力Maximum range:最大航程Speed schedule:速度计划Step climb increment:分段爬升增量Step size 分段爬升高度间隔差T/C：top of climb目標爬升最高點S/C：step of climb 階段爬升起點符號E/D: end of descent目標下降終止點T/D：top of descent目標下降點Fuel allowance :可用燃油Contingency fuel:意外情况备份燃油Average cruise wind:平均巡航风Temperature deviation:温度差异Ceiling altitude ：升限Latest estimated fuel remaining:最新估计余油Excitation:励磁17Exciter:励磁器Redundancy:冗余/备份Fan Cowl:Feeder route:支线Feeder line:支线航线Feeder fix:支线定位点Final approach course:最后进近航段Full flight simulator:全飞模拟机Fixed base simulation:固定模拟机Flap speed schedule:襟翼速度计划Flight controls:飞行操纵面Float switch:浮子开关Fuel conservation: 节油Throttle Position Idle ：：：：節流閥位於怠速節流閥位於怠速節流閥位於怠速節流閥位於怠速BUS TIE(埠栓埠栓埠栓埠栓PACK(S)(空調套件空調套件空調套件空調套件GASPER和和和和HUMIDIFIER(增濕器增濕器增濕器增濕器)HI FLOW(高流量開關高流量開關高流量開關高流量開關INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM慣性參考系統慣性參考系統慣性參考系統慣性參考系統Gasper air:Gasper air outlet:Floor bracket:Hub cap:毂盖Ignition exciter: 点火励磁器Inlet guide vanes:进气引导叶扇/片/导向叶片International air route:国际航线Interlock:联锁Jet pump: 喷射泵/引射泵Joggle:折接Jumper wire 跨接线跨接线跨接线跨接线Electric actuator: 电力致动器Limit switch:极限电门Spot light:聚光灯Flood light:泛光灯Default:A confirm entry prompt: 输入提示符Figure of merit:指标值Steep climb /descent:大角度上升/下降Louver:百叶窗Flyover waypoint:飞跃航路点Outbound time/distance: 出航时间/距离18Procedure turn angle:程序转弯角Crossing point:穿越点Point of NO turn:航线临界点航线临界点航线临界点航线临界点Magenta: 洋红色Equal time point:Latitude /longitude crossing:横向/纵向穿越Point abeam:点切Slave cable:随动钢索随动钢索随动钢索随动钢索Flight idle:空中慢车/高慢Ground idle:地面慢车/地慢Turbine blade and vane cooling: 涡轮转子和静子叶片散热涡轮转子和静子叶片散热涡轮转子和静子叶片散热涡轮转子和静子叶片散热Turbine case cooling:涡轮机匣散热Turbine compartment cooling valve:涡轮段散热活门涡轮段散热活门涡轮段散热活门涡轮段散热活门Transfer gearbox: 传动齿轮箱Thrust lever travel: 油门杆行程油门杆行程油门杆行程油门杆行程Thrust lever angle:推力手柄角Threshold overhaul: 大修时间大修时间大修时间大修时间Thrust lever resolver angle: 推力手柄解算器角度Thrust reverser directional valve: 反推换向活门反推换向活门反推换向活门反推换向活门Thermal couple:热电耦Underwater locator beacon: 水下定位信标Above ground level:地标位置地标位置地标位置地标位置Pictorial deviation indicator: 偏航图显示器Thrust rating panel: 推力等级面板Integral wing tanks:Windmill:风转Fuel flow line:燃油供油管Refueling /defueling control panel: 加油/放油控制面板Collector tank:收油槽/收油油箱Surge tank: 通气防波油箱/缓冲油箱Hard breaking:Magnetic level indicator/dipstick: 磁性燃油尺Ejector fuel pump/jet pump:引射泵引射泵引射泵引射泵Scavenge ejector pumps: 回油引射泵回油引射泵回油引射泵回油引射泵Engine motive flow :发动机引射流发动机引射流发动机引射流发动机引射流Engine motive line:发动机引射管发动机引射管发动机引射管发动机引射管Ejector inlet port: 引射泵进口Fuel Collector Box:燃油集油箱Refueling point:加油点Fuel conditioning unit:燃油加温调节器燃油加温调节器燃油加温调节器燃油加温调节器Gravity refuel port:重力加油口Fluid communication point:Electric hydraulic pump:电动Engine driven hydraulic pump:液压泵19Power transfer unit:动力转换器Hydraulic flow line: 液压管Hydraulic system distribution box: 液压系统分配箱Flight-critical function:飞行临界功能飞行临界功能飞行临界功能飞行临界功能Windmill restart: 风转启动Torque load:扭力载荷Temperature transducer: 温度传感器Pump cavitations: 泵空隙现象Mechanical piston:机械泵Hydraulic motor: 液压马达Pump unloader valve:液压泵卸栽活门Flow limiter valve:流量限制活门Bleed air manifold pressure: 引气总管压力Bleed air temperature:引气温度Anti-ice flow line:防冰管防冰管防冰管防冰管Anti-fogging: 防雾SAI IBIT:缝翼防冰空中自箭缝翼防冰空中自箭缝翼防冰空中自箭缝翼防冰空中自箭Dual wheel unit:双轮组件A powered steering system:Downlock release button:电动转弯操纵系统Landing gear lever lock:起落架手柄锁Alternate gear extension compartment:备用起落架释放舱Electrical overridden switch:起落架超控电门Landing gear warning inhibition button:起落架警告抑制键Emergency parking brake handle:应急停留刹车手柄Brake line:刹车管Emergency/parking brake effectiveness: 应急/停留刹车效应Emergency/parking accumulator pressure:应急/停留刹车蓄压器压力Steering handle:转弯手柄Hand wheel:手轮Steering disengage switch:转弯操纵脱离电门Nose wheel steering system:前轮转弯操纵系统Towing lights:牵引灯Proximity sensor electronic module: 近地传感器电子组件Landing gear free fall lever compartment:起落架自由下落手柄舱Downlock sensor:下位锁传感器Mechanical lock:机械锁Shock absorber:减震器Downlock springs:下位锁弹簧Brake wear pin:刹车装置磨损检查销刹车装置磨损检查销刹车装置磨损检查销刹车装置磨损检查销Locked wheel protection: 拖胎保护拖胎保护拖胎保护拖胎保护Differential braking: 差动刹车Locked wheel braking: 拖胎刹车拖胎刹车拖胎刹车拖胎刹车Wheels spinning:机轮旋转20Fusible plugs:易熔塞易熔塞易熔塞易熔塞Brake bracket outer face assembly:刹车支架外表组件Nosewheel steering control module:前轮转弯控制组件Hardover test:Handwheel steering mode:手轮转弯方式Rudder pedal steering mode:方向舵脚瞪转弯方式Free wheel steering mode:自由机轮转弯方式Rechargeable cylinder:可充液压缸Chemical oxygen generator:化学制氧器Portable oxygen cylinder:手提式氧气瓶Protective breathing equipment:呼吸保护器呼吸保护器呼吸保护器呼吸保护器Mask deploy selector knob:面罩打开选择器旋钮Mask deployed indicator light: 面罩打开指示灯Bright yellow star:明亮黄色星星Harness inflation control valve:面罩带充氧控制活门Mask stowage box:面罩储存盒Automatic oxygen dilution:氧气自动稀释氧气自动稀释氧气自动稀释氧气自动稀释Membrane:膜A transparent oxygen hose:透明氧气软管Dispensing unit:分配组件。
全寿命周期成本LCC
3 LCC与可靠性工程的关系
可靠性、维修性、测试性设计对于LCC有很 大的影响，贯彻可靠性工程会增加产品的研 发费用和制造费用，但将极大地减少LCC。
为了使全寿命费用达到最低，应根据IEC 300-3-3等相关标准大力开展全寿命周期费 用（LCC）分析工作，在充分满足质量要求、 安全性、可靠性要求的基础上，尽量采用先 进和成熟的可靠性工程技术。
护活动 c) 设计文档 d) 样机生产 e) 软件开发 f) 试验与评估 g) 生产工程与计划 h) 卖方（Vendor）选择 i) 验证与确认 j) 质量管理
4.1.3制造和安装
a)非重复发生的（non-recurring） 1）工业工程与运筹学分析 2）组建设施 3）生产工具与试验设备 4）专用支持和试验设备 5）初始备件和修理用（repair）零件 6）初始培训 7）文档 8）软件 9）试验（鉴定试验）
4.2按获取、使用过程划分
4.2.1 产品购置费用要素
产品购置费； 初始备件费； 车辆段配置设备和其他特殊工具； 管理和技术资料费； 包装运输费； 人员培训费。
4.2.2 使用维护费用
能源消耗； 后续备件费； 预防性维修的人工、材料费； 修复性维修的人工、材料费； 架、大修的人工、材料费； 贮存费； 人员培训费； 改装费用； 退役处置费。
4.1.3制造和安装
b)重复发生的
1) 生产管理和工程 2) 设施维修 3) 制造（人工、材料、元器件、能源等） 4) 测试与筛选 5) 质量控制和检验 6) 装配、安装和检查 7)包装、储存和运输 8)后续培训
4.1.4使用维护
使用
人工/培训 材料和消耗品 能源 设备和设施 工程改进 软件升级更新
2023最新整理收集 do something
中华人民共和国知识产权海关保护条例(英文版)
Regulation of the P. R. China on the customs protection of IP rightsPART ONE GENERAL PROVISIONSArticle 1 These Regulations are formulated in accordance with the PRC, Customs Law in order to implement customs protection of intellectual property rights, promote foreign economic trade and technological and cultural exchange, and safeguard social interests.Article 2 For the purposes of these Regulations, “customs protection of intellectual property rights” refers to the implementation of protection by customs of the exclusive rights to use a trademark, copyrights and the rights related thereto, and patent rights that are related to import and export goods and that are protected by PRC laws and administrative regulations (Intellectual Property Rights).Article 3 The State prohibits the import and export of goods that infringe upon Intellectual Property Rights.Customs shall implement protection of Intellectual Property Rights and exercise the relevant powers stipulated in the PRC, Customs Law in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and these Regulations.Article 4 Owners of Intellectual Property Rights that request customs to implement protection of Intellectual Property Rights shall submit an application to customs for adoption of protective measures.Article 5 Consignees of import goods or their agents, and consignors of export goods or their agents shall truthfully declare to customs the details of Intellectual Property Rights related to the import or export goods, and shall submit the relevant supporting documents.Article 6 When implementing protection of Intellectual Property Rights, customs shall maintain the confidentiality of the trade secrets of the related parties.PART TWO RECORD FILING OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSArticle 7 An owner of Intellectual Property Rights may apply to the General Administration of Customs for record filing of his Intellectual Property Rights according to the provisions hereof. To apply for record filing, an application form shall be submitted. An application form shall include the following particulars:1. the name or personal name, place of registration or nationality, etc. of the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights;2. the name, details and the relevant information of the Intellectual Property Rights;3. the details of the exercise of the Intellectual Property Rights license;4. the name, place of origin, customs at the point of entry/exit, importers and exporters, major characteristics, and prices, etc. of the goods of which the Intellectual Property Rights are lawfully exercised by the owner of Intellectual Property Rights; and5. the manufacturers, importers and exporters, customs at the point of entry/exit, major characteristics, and prices, etc. of goods that are known to have infringed upon Intellectual Property Rights.Where there are supporting documents for the contents of the application form specified in the preceding paragraph, the owner of Intellectual Property Rights shall attach the supporting documents.Article 8 The General Administration of Customs shall, within 30 working days of the date of receipt of all application documents, render a decision on whether to grant approval for record filing, and shall notify the applicant in writing. Where approval for record filing is not granted, the reasons therefore shall be stated.The General Administration of Customs shall not grant approval for record filing in any of the following circumstances:1. the application documents are incomplete or invalid;2. the applicant is not the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights; or3. the Intellectual Property Rights are no longer protected by laws or administrative regulations.Article 9 If customs discovers that an owner of Intellectual Property Rights that applies for record filing of Intellectual Property Rights has not provided the relevant details or documents truthfully, the General Administration of Customs may revoke its filed record.Article 10 A filed record for customs protection of Intellectual Property Rights shall be effective as of the date on which the General Administration of Customs grants approval for record filing, and shall be valid for 10 years.Where the Intellectual Property Rights are valid, the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights may, within six months prior to the expiration of the term of validity of the filed record for customs protection of Intellectual Property Rights, apply to the General Administration of Customs for an extension of the filed record. The term of validity of each extension of a filed record shall be 10 years.Where no application for extension has been made upon the expiration of the term of validity of a filed record for customs protection of Intellectual Property Rights, or the Intellectual Property Rights are no longer protected by laws or administrative regulations, the filed record for customs protection of Intellectual Property Rights shall immediately become void.Article 11 Where there is a change in the details of a filed record of Intellectual Property Rights, the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights shall, within 30 working days of the date on which the change occurs, carry out the amendment or cancellation procedures with the General Administration of Customs.Where the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights does not apply to the amendment or cancellation procedures in accordance with the preceding paragraph so as to seriously affect other’s lawful import or export and the Customs supervision according to law, the General Administration of Customs can remove the record upon the application of the stakeholders or take the initiative to do so.PART THREE APPLICATION FOR IMPOUNDMENT OF GOODS SUSPECTED OF INFRINGING UPON RIGHTS, AND THE HANDLING THEREOFArticle 12 Where an owner of Intellectual Property Rights discovers that goods suspected of infringing upon rights are about to be imported or exported, he may submit an application for impoundment of goods suspected of infringing upon rights to the customs of the place where the goods are to enter into, or exit from, China.Article 13 Where an owner of Intellectual Property Rights requests customs to impound goods suspected of infringing upon rights, he shall submit an application form and the relevant supporting documents, and shall provide evidence that is sufficient to prove that the infringement clearly exists.An application form shall include the following main particulars:1. the name or personal name, place of registration or nationality, etc. of the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights;2. the name, details and the relevant information of the Intellectual Property Rights;3. the names of the consignees and consignors of the goods suspected of infringing upon rights;4. the name and specifications, etc. of the goods suspected of infringing upon rights; and5. the port by which, the time at which and the means of transportation by which, the goods suspected of infringing upon rights may enter into, or exit from, China.Where the goods suspected of infringing upon rights are suspected of infringing upon Intellectual Property Rights that are filed for record, the application form shall also include the customs record number.Article 14 Where an owner of Intellectual Property Rights requests customs to impound goods suspected of infringing upon rights, he shall provide to customsa guarantee equal to the value of the goods for compensation of any loss that may be incurred by the consignee or the consignor due to improper application, and for payment of fees for the storage, custody and disposal, etc. of the goods after they are impounded by customs. Where an owner of Intellectual Property Rights pays the fees for storage and custody directly to the storage provider, such fees shall be deducted from the guarantee. The specific procedures shall be formulated by the General Administration of Customs.Article 15 Where an owner of Intellectual Property Rights that applies for impoundment of goods suspected of infringing upon rights satisfies the provisions of Article 13 hereof and provides a guarantee in accordance with Article 14 hereof, customs shall impound the goods suspected of infringing upon rights, notify the owner of Intellectual Property Rights in writing, and deliver a certificate of impoundment by customs to the consignee or consignor.Where an owner of Intellectual Property Rights that applies for impoundment of goods suspected of infringing upon rights does not satisfy the provisions of Article 13 hereof or has not provided a guarantee in accordance with Article 14 hereof, customs shall reject the application and notify the owner of Intellectual Property Rights in writing.Article 16 Where customs discovers import or export goods that are suspected of infringing upon Intellectual Property Rights that are filed for record, it shall notify the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights immediately in writing. Where, within three working days of the date of delivery of the notification, the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights submits an application according to Article 13 hereof and provides a guarantee according to Article 14 hereof, customs shall impound the goods suspected of infringing upon rights, notify the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights in writing, and deliver a certificate of impoundment by customs to the consignee or consignor. Where the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights fails to submit an application or provide a guarantee within the time limit, customs may not impound the goods.Article 17 An owner of Intellectual Property Rights and the consignee or consignor may inspect the relevant goods upon the approval of customs.Article 18 Where the consignee or consignor considers that his goods have not infringed upon the Intellectual Property Rights of the owner of Intellectual Property Rights, he shall submit a written explanation to customs and attach the relevant evidence.Article 19 Where a consignee or consignor of goods suspected of infringing upon patent rights considers that his import or export goods have not infringed upon patent rights, he may, after providing a guarantee equal to the value of the goods, request customs to release his goods. If the owner of Intellectual Property Rights fails to institute an action at a people’s court within a reasonable time period, customs shall return the guarantee.Article 20 If, after customs has discovered import or export goods suspected of infringing upon Intellectual Property Rights that are filed for record and has notified the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights, the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights requests customs to impound the goods suspected of infringing upon rights, customs shall, within 30 working days of the date of impoundment, investigate and confirm whether the impounded goods suspected of infringing upon rights have infringed upon Intellectual Property Rights. If it cannot confirm an infringement, it shall notify the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights immediately in writing.Article 21 Where customs conducts an investigation into the impounded goods suspected of infringing upon rights and requests the assistance of the department in charge of Intellectual Property Rights, the relevant department in charge of Intellectual Property Rights shall provide assistance.Where the department in charge of Intellectual Property Rights requests customs to provide assistance in the handling of rights infringement cases involving import and export goods, customs shall provide assistance.Article 22 Where customs conducts an investigation into the impounded goods suspected of infringing upon rights and the relevant details, the owner of Intellectual Property Rights and the consignee or consignor shall coordinate with the investigation.Article 23 An owner of Intellectual Property Rights may, after applying to customs for adoption of protective measures, apply to the people’s court for an order of cessation of the infringing act or preservation of property for the impounded goods suspected of infringing upon rights prior to the institution of action in accordance with the provisions of the PRC, Trademark Law, the PRC, Copyright Law or the PRC, Patent Law.Customs that receives the notice to assist in execution of an order of cessation of an infringing act or preservation of property from the p eople’s court shall provide assistance.Article 24 Customs shall release the impounded goods suspected of infringing upon rights in any of the following circumstances:1. customs impounds goods suspected of infringing upon rights according to Article 15 hereof, and has not received the notice to assist in execution from the people’s court within 20 working days from the date of impoundment;2. customs impounds goods suspected of infringing upon rights according to Article 16 hereof, and has not received the notice to assist in execution from the people’s court within 50 working days from the date of impoundment, and cannot confirm that the impounded goods suspected of infringing upon rights has infringed upon Intellectual Property Rights after investigation;3. the consignee or consignor of the goods suspected of infringing upon patent rights requests customs to release his goods after providing a guarantee equal to the value of the goods; or4. customs considers that the consignee or consignor has sufficient evidence to prove that his goods have not infringed upon the Intellectual Property Rights of the owner of Intellectual Property rights.Article 25 Where customs impounds goods suspected of infringing upon rights according to the provisions hereof, the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights shall pay the relevant fees for storage, custody and disposal, etc. Where the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights has not paid the relevant fees,customs may deduct such fees from the guarantee he provides to customs, or request the guarantor to perform the relevant guarantee liability.Where goods suspected of infringing upon rights are confirmed as having infringed upon Intellectual Property Rights, the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights may include the relevant fees for storage, custody and disposal, etc. he has paid in the reasonable expenditure paid for cessation of the infringing acts.Article 26 Where customs discovers a case suspected of a criminal offence during implementation of protection of Intellectual Property Rights, it shall hand over the case to the public security authority according to law for handling.PART FOUR LEGAL LIABILITYArticle 27 Where impounded goods suspected of infringing upon rights are confirmed as having infringed upon Intellectual Property Rights after investigation by customs, customs shall confiscate the goods.After customs has confiscated the goods that have infringed upon Intellectual Property Rights, it shall notify the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights in writing of the relevant details of such goods.Where confiscated goods that have infringed upon Intellectual Property Rights can be used for public welfare, customs shall transfer the goods to the relevant public welfare organizations to be used for public welfare. Where the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights wishes to acquire the goods, customs may transfer the goods to the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights for compensation. Where confiscated goods that has infringed upon Intellectual Property Rights cannot be used for public welfare and the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights does not wish to acquire the goods, customs may auction off the goods according to law after removing the infringing characteristics. Where the infringing characteristics cannot be removed, customs shall destroy the goods.Article 28 Where articles carried or sent by mail by individuals into or out of China exceed the amount for personal use or the reasonable amount and infringeupon the Intellectual Property Rights stipulated in Article 2 hereof, customs shall confiscate such articles.Article 29 Where, after customs has accepted an application for record filing of protection of Intellectual Property Rights and for adoption of protective measures for Intellectual Property Rights, an owner of Intellectual Property Rights cannot provide precise details and as a result, the goods infringing upon rights are not discovered, or the protective measures are not adopted in a timely manner or effectively, the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights shall bear the liability himself.Where, after an owner of Intellectual Property Rights has requested customs to impound goods suspected of infringing upon rights, customs cannot confirm whether the impounded goods suspected of infringing upon rights has infringed upon the Intellectual Property Rights of the owner of Intellectual Property Rights, or the people’s court rules that the goods have not infringed upon the Intellectual Property Rights of the owner of Intellectual Property Rights, the owner of Intellectual Property Rights shall be liable for compensation according to law.Article 30 Where the import or export of goods that infringe upon Intellectual Property Rights constitutes a criminal offence, criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.Article 31 Where the personnel of customs are derelict in their duties, abuse their authority or practice graft in their implementation of protection of Intellectual Property Rights, and a criminal offence is constituted, their criminal liability shall be pursued according to law. Where the same is insufficient to constitute a criminal offence, they shall be subjected to administrative penalty according to law.PART FIVE SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONSArticle 32 Where an owner of Intellectual Property Rights handles record filing of his Intellectual Property Rights with the General Administration of Customs, he shall pay the fee for record filing in accordance with the relevant State provisions.Article 33 These Regulations shall be implemented as of 1 March 2004. The PRC, Customs Protection of Intellectual Property Rights Regulations promulgated by the State Council on 5 July 1995 shall be simultaneously repealed.。
融资英语词汇
案例 project example, story安全港租赁 safe-harbor lease--a type of lease created for a time under the US Internal Revenue Code for the purpose oftransferring federal tax benefits from a party who couldnot use them to a party who could.按照约定 as agreed安装 installation包揽租赁 wrap lease --- a lease transaction generally involving a lease from an investor to an operating lease companywith a sublease by the operating lease company to theend-user lessee.报关 custom entry 保管费 custody fee保管凭证 deposit receipt 保管合同 deposit contract保管人(保管合同) depositary 保管人(仓储合同) warehouseman 保税区 trade free zone保险 insurance 保险费 insurance premiums保险单 policy 保险索赔 claim保险理赔 settling保险，由A投保 insurance to be effected by A保险由买方自理 insurance to be effected by the Buyers保险赔偿金 insurance indemnity保险人(保险公司) insurer 报酬 remuneration(被)保险人 insured, insurant保证期 warranty period 备抵法 allowance methods报告格式 reporting format被撤销的合同 rescinded contract 背书 endorsement背书人 endorser必要的准备时间 the necessary preparation time闭口租赁 closed-end lease--a lease transaction that allows the lessee to "walk away" from the leased property at theend of the lease term with no liability for increases or decreases in the expected residual value of theproperty. The lessee will still beliable for damageto the property beyond ordinary wear and tear andmay or may not have a purchase option.币种 currency 变更 modify,modification,amend变现 liquidate 标的物 subject matter表外 off balance sheet表外融资 off balance sheet financing表外租赁 off balance sheet lease表外贷款 off balance sheet loan不可撤消信用证 irrevocable letter of credit不完整租赁 broken lease--a financing treated as a lease for accounting purposes and a loan for tax purposes;also known as an off-balance sheet loan, see-throughlease;synthetic lease.不正当 improper簿记系统 bookkeeping system补救措施 remedy 财产保险 insurance of property裁定 (法) award 财产 property财务报表 financial statement 财务费用 finance expense财务报告 financial report 财务会计 financial accounting财务公司 Capital company 财务收入 finance income财务年度 fiscal year 财政部 Ministry of Finance财务状况 financial position 阐明 elucidate残值 residual value 仓储费 warehousing charge仓单 warehouse receipt 仓储合同 warehousing contract仓储物 stored goods常规融资租赁 conventional finance lease长期负债 long-term liabilities 长期应付款 long-term payables 长期借款 long-term debts 长期资产 long-term assets长期投资 long-term investments超越权限 ultra vires 承包人 contractor城市建设附加费 city development surcharge总承包人 general contractor 发包人 employer承担损害赔偿责任 to be liable for damages承担违约责任 to be liable for breach of contract承担责任 be liable therefor 承揽合同 contract for work承诺函 commitment letter 承租人 lessee承揽人 contractor 承诺 acceptance 撤销 revoke, rescind共同承揽人 joint constractors定作人 customer 成功的案例 successful story撤回 withdrawn抽逃资金 surreptitiously withdrawn funds除当事人另有约定的以外 unless parties have agreed otherwise除法律另有规定外 unless the law provides otherwise处分 disposal 出让人 transferor出卖人 supplier 出租人 lessor(受让人) (transferee)出租 rental 存货人 bailor催告 remind 存货 inventory充分披露原则 full disclosure principle存货盘亏 inventories loss打包租赁 bundled lease--a lease in which the lossor pays for taxes, insurance and maintenance on the leasedequipment.代理人 agent 贷款人 lender(借款人) (borrower)贷记 credit 担保法 security law担保 security 到期利息 interest due道德义务 moral duty 等额租金 level payment到期债权 matured claim 第一承运人 first carrier递变租金 stepped rent --- a lease in which the periodic lease payments are reduced and/or increased at some pointat the lease term.递变租金租赁 stepped payment lease递减租赁 step-down lease---a lease in which the periodic lease payments are reduced at some point in the lease term.递延资产 deferred assets递增租赁 step-up lease --- a lease in which the periodic lease payments are increased at some point in the lease term.抵押担保 encumbrance 董事会 board of directors调查 survey 定金 deposit调查对象 respondent 独资企业 single proprietorship短期租赁 short-term lease--generally, a lease of less than three years. 对承租人的好处 benefits to lessee对出租人的好处 benefits to lessor额定股份 authorized shares of stock额度 quota 法定地址 legal address恶意串通 malicious conspiracy 法律问题 legal issue法定代表人 legal representative 发行债券 issuance of bonds法定代理人 statutory agent 法律约束力 legally binding法律地位平等 equal legal status法人 fictitious person防洪基金 flood prevention surcharge妨碍租赁的原因 objections to leasing放弃 migration away from, waive非法干预 illegally intervene therein非法目的 illegal objective非正式出租人 casual lessor--a lessor who is not in the business of leasing but who does an occassional lease, primarilyfor the tax benefits of the lease transaction.废止 to be repealed 扶贫 poverty relief费用 expenses 定价风险 pricing risk分类帐户 ledger account分包 subcontract 法律风险 legal risk分配 distribution风险 risk 收益风险 yield risk税收风险 tax risk 资产风险 asset risk信贷风险 credit risk 风险租赁 venture lease扶养义务 an obligation to maintain …浮动利率 variable rate浮动利率租赁 floating rate lease--a lease in which the leasepayments may vary from one payment period toanother, particularly when they vary according tochanges in a specified index; variable rate lease.福利费 welfare expenses服务租赁 service lease --- a lease in which the lessor providescomplete service, maintenaince and care for theleased equipment; a maintenance lease; an operatinglease; a gross lease.复式记帐法 double entry system附加费 surcharge 付款人 payer附加税 surtax 付款 payment付款条件 payment term 附则 supplementary provisions负债 liabilities 负责人 responsible person负债与股东权益之比 debt to net worth干预选择租赁物 interfer in the selection of the leased thing杠杆租赁 leveraged lease格式条款 standard clauses工程勘察、设计、施工 project surveying, design, construction(xx日)公布 promulgated on …公开、公平、公正 an open, fair and impartial manner公允价值 fair value公证 notarize根据违约情况 depending on the circumstances of the breach固定资产 fixed assets固定资产净值 net fixed assets固定资产清理 fixed assets in liquidation固定资产原价 fixed assets at cost固定租金租赁 fixed payment lease--a lease in which is the leasepayment remains the same throughout the lease term.故意 willfully故意隐瞒 deliberately concealed,willfully conceal股份上市 initial public offering (IPO)股利政策 divident policy广告宣传费 advertising and promotion expenses国家标准 State standard国家工商行政管理局 State Administration for Industry and Commerce国家计划委员会 State Planning Commission国家进出口商品检验局State Administration for Import and Export Commodity Inspection国家经济贸易委员会 State Commission for Economic and Trade国家外汇管理局 State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE)国家重大建设工程 major State construction project国际会计准则委员会 International Accounting Standard Committee国库券 treasury bill 行业 industry过帐记号 post referance 回租 lease back海关总署 Customs General Administration海事法院 marine court 行业调查 survey of industry activity行业标准 industry standard 合理的方式 reasonable manner合法权益 lawful rights and interests合法形式 legal form 合同的履行 performance of contract合同的内容 the particulars of a contract合同的效力 validity of contract合同法 the contract law 合同书形式 form of a written instrument和解 settlement 坏帐 bad debts, bad accounts后进后出 last-in, last-out坏帐准备 allowance for bad accounts还款 repayment 汇率 exchange rate汇兑损失 foreign currency exchange loss汇率风险 exchange rate risk 毁损 damage或有出租人 casual lessor-- a lessor who is not in the business ofleasing but who does an occassional lease, primarityfor the tax benefits of the lease transaction.或有负债 contingent liabilities及时 in a timely manner 监护人 guardian寄存人 depositor 价目表 price list继承人 heir 监管 supervision价款 remuneration监督处理 supervision and handling检验标准 the standard of inspection检验方法 the method of inspection检验证书 inspection certificate减税 tax benefit 交付日 date of acceptance减税证明 tax slash certificate 交货，交付 delivery交易规模 transaction size 交易习惯 usage of trade教育附加费 education surcharge结构：租金的构成方式将保证能 structuring: the determination of a lease payment 获得一定的目标收益。
《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案Unit3
《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案Unit3《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案乌克兰Grabovo村某处向日葵花田里，手机和电脑散落一地，在另一处地上，一本荷兰护照张开着躺在地上，地面上到处都是从天空摔下的人们的尸体，看起来就像烂抹布和烧成灰的肉块。
这就是一些当地居民和参与救援工作的人所目睹的惨象，马航17航班坠毁坠毁在一大块麦田中，碎片散落了若干英里，机上全部乘客葬身人烟稀少的乌克兰农村。
“当时太恐怖了，”当地一位独立派反抗军成员说，他的名字叫Sergei，也参与了救援工作，“我们当时都震惊了。
”Unit 3Unit 3Task 1【答案】A.1) Stress on the job costs American companies as much as $150 billion a year in lower productivity, unnecessary employee sick leave, and higher medical costs.2) The most stressful professions are those that involve danger and extreme pressure and those that carry a lot of responsibility without much control.3) The best way to deal with stress is through relaxation, but sometimes the only answer is to fight back or walk away.B.1) Three-quarters2) psychologists, doctors3) nervousness, anger, frequent illness, forgetfulness, mental problems【原文】Stress on the job costs American companies as much as $150 billion a year in lower productivity, unnecessary employee sick leave, and higher medical costs. Three-quarters of the office workers today say they suffer from stress at work. Recently, psychologists and doctors have begun to study the problem more closely. They have discovered that the most stressful professions are those that involve danger, extreme pressure and those that carry a lot of responsibility without much control.The sign of stress range from nervousness, anger, and frequent illness to forgetfulness or even mental problems. The best way to deal with stress is through relaxation, but sometimes the only answer is to fight back or walk away.Task 2【答案】A.1)give in so easily to hijackers’ demandsa) threaten to blow up a plane, commit some other outageb) hold out against this kind of blackmail, always have terrorists, Start executing terroristsautomaticallyc)be prepared to face the consequences of evil2)a) It’s the lesser of two evils. Terrorists have proven often enough that they really mean business.b)Innocent lives, threatening the innocent will achieve its ends.B.She implies that if the first speaker was one of the victims of terrorism, she would want the government to give in to thedemands so that she wouldn’t die.【原文】Margaret: Governments give in so easily to hijackers’ demands. A hijacker only has to threaten to blow up a plane or commit some other outrage, and a government gives in to his demands.Valerie: Naturally. It’s the less er of the two evils. What government would risk innocent lives just to see if terrorists will really do what they threaten to do? Terrorists have proven often enough that they really mean business.Margaret: Yes, but i f a government doesn’t hold out against this kind of blackmail, we wil l always have terrorists. Governments are afraid to punish these people. They almost always letthem go free. Start executing terrorists automatically wherever they land, and terrorismwill stop.Valerie: And what about the innocent lives that will be lost in the process? Terrorism is based on the simple idea that threatening the innocent will achieve its ends.Margaret: You can’t get rid of evil without being prepared to face the consequences of evil. Valerie: So long as you’re not one of the victims!Task 3【答案】A.1)thirty-five, natural light, a small window, hot, airless, very noisy2) Mexico3) ought to, shouldn’tB.1)It is located in a narrow street with five-and six-storey buildings eight kilometers fromdowntown Los Angeles.2) This factory makes shirts and jeans3) She’s already been working for ten hours, but won’t stop for another two hours.4) She can’t complain about those things because she is an illegal immigrant.【原文】Eight kilometers from downtown Los Angeles there is a narrow street with five- and six-storey buildings. Inside one of these buildings there is a small factory making shirts and jeans. The women working in the factory sit close together, each with a small table, each with their own sewing machine. The women say nothing, and work hard. In one of the rooms there are thirty-five women. There is only a little natural light, and this comes from a small window in the roof. The room is hot, airless, and very noisy. On the left-hand side of the room there is a young girl sitting next to the wall. Every now and again she closes her eyes, and her fingers stop working. She's already been in her chair for ten hours, but she'll be here until the bell rings — and that won't be for another two hours. Her name is Maria, and she comes from Mexico. She won't complain about her work. She won't say that the working hours ought to be changed; she won't say that the working conditions shouldn't be permitted.Task 4【答案】A.Every year the British government publishes statistics aboutsocial trends. Their findings show definite patterns in the British way of life.1)marked differencesa)one hour more every day, three hours more every weekb) 1 percent, cleaning and ironing, keep household accounts, do repairs or improvementsc)30 percent2)leisure activities, watching television, 20 hours a week, going for walks, Swimming, BritishwomenB.Unlike the other couples, Carla has always kept her won accounts and Adrian has always done his own housework. Neither of them like watching television very much and they both like swimming.【原文】When Adrian Hutton and Carla Leone get married they will move into a new house that they have bought. But what sort of life will they have? What can they expect in modern Britain? Every year the British government publishes statistics about social trends. Their findings show definite patterns in the British way of life.In most marriages there are some marked differences between husbands and wives. Working wives, for example, sleep (on average) one hour more a day than working husbands. Housewives, on the other hand, sleep only about three hours more every week than their working husbands. And what about housework? The government survey showed that only 1% of men do the household chores — like cleaning and ironing. But they do usually keep household accounts and it is always men who dorepairs or improvements in the house. 30% of all marriages end in divorce.The government survey also looked at leisure activities. They found that the two most popular leisure activities in Britain are watching television (the average family spends 20 hours a week in front of the TV set) and going for walks. Swimming is an especially popular activity among British women.Carla and Adrian's life, though, will probably be different from the average marriage. In the first place Carla has always kept her own accounts and Adrian has always done his own housework. Neither of them like watching television very much and they both like swimming.Task 5【答案】A.Topic: How a city in Japan solve the problem of garbage disposal.Supporting details: 160 million, every year, 10 percent, 10 percent, the rest, public cooperation1) garbage that can be easily burned, kitchen and garden trash2) electrical appliances, plastic tools, plastic toys3) are poisonous, cause pollution, batteries4) bottles and glass containers that can be recycled5) metal containers that can be recycled6) furniture and bicycledon different days, on request, fertilizer, to produce electricity, recycled, cleaned, repaired, resold cheaply, give awayB.1) The garbage will be taken to a center that looks like a cleannew office building or hospital.Inside the center, special equipment is used to sort and process the garbage.2) Official from cities around the world visit Machida to see whether they can use some of these ideas and techniques to solve their own garbage disposal problems.【原文】Disposing of the garbage we produce every day is a major problem in cities around the world. In the United States, over 160 million tons of garbage are produce every year. Ten percent is recycled, ten percent is burned, and the rest is put in landfills. But finding land for new landfills is becoming more difficult.A city that has solved this problem in an unusual way is Machida, in Tokyo, Japan. They have developed a totally new approach to garbage disposal. The key to the operation is public cooperation. Families must divide their garbage into six categories:1. garbage that can be easily burned (that is, combustible garbage) such as kitchen and garden trash?;2. noncombustible garbage, such as small electrical appliances, plastic tools, and plastic toys?;3. products that are poisonous or that cause pollution, such as batteries and fluorescent lights?;4. bottles and glass containers that can be recycled?;5. metal containers that can be recycled?;6. large items, such as furniture and bicycles.The items in categories1 to 5 are collected on different days. Large items are only collected upon request. Then the garbage is taken to a center that looks like a clean new office building or hospital. Inside the center, special equipment is used to sort andprocess the garbage. Almost everything can be reused: garden or kitchen trash becomes fertilizer; combustible garbage is burned to produce electrical; metal containers and bottles are recycled; and old furniture, clothing, and other useful items are cleaned, repaired, and resold cheaply or given away. The work provides employment for handicapped person and gives them a chance to learn new skills.Nowadays, officials from cities around the world visit Machida to see whether they can use some of these ideas and techniques to solve their own garbage disposal problems.Task 6【答案】1) They were talking about Mrs. Carter.2) She was a tall, handsome woman who used to come into the shop at least twice a week.3) She lived alone in a large house on an old farm---about three miles from the shop.4) He was absolutely certain, otherwise he would never call the police. His evidence was this: First, he saw her do it; second, he found the things in her bag; third, she had done it before.5) Because two young people saw her. The shopkeeper believed that if they didn’t punish her, young people would think that stealing didn’t matter.6) The judge thought that it was difficult case from a humanitarian point of view. The excuses her found for her were: First, the woman was old and she lived alone---she was lonely. Second, she wasn’t poor---she was well-known for her generosity to charities and she didn’t need to steal. Te items were only worth a pound or two. Third, she pleaded not guilty and she didn’t know that she had done it.【原文】Shopkeeper: I knew Mrs. Carter very well. She was a tall, handsome woman who used to come into the shop at least twice a week. She lived alone in a large house on an old farm —about three miles from here. People ask me if I am certain she did it. The answer is yes.I was absolutely certain, otherwise I would never have called the police. In the firstplace, I saw her do it. I watched her put the things into her bag and I watched her walkout of the store. In the second place, we found the things in her bag, and finally, shehad done it before. It wasn't the first time. I think she was in such a confused state thatshe didn’t know what she was doing, but two other people say her —two youngpeople. We had to punish her, otherwise young people would thin k that steali ng didn’tmatter.Judge: It was a difficult case from a humanitarian point of view. The woman was old and she lived alone —she was lonely. She wasn’t poor—she was well-known for her generosity to charities and she didn’t need to steal. The items were only worth a pound or two. She pleaded not guilty and said she didn’t know that she had done it. From the legal point of view the case was straightforward. The woman stole; she was caught and reported. There were witnesses. She had to be punished or else no one could be punished for stealing.Task 7【答案】A. not all modern cities are alike; modern city.1) a single high-density center, skyscrapers, motorways, as far as you can see2) the low-density multi-center city, a large collection of a number of small centers, shopping centers, factories, businesses, skyscrapersB.1) He thinks that the second type( the Los Angeles model) is more sensible.2) He considers it highly likely that the kind of city we know now will completely disappear.【原文】Interviewer: Would you say then that all modem cities are pretty much alike?Urban Planner: Quite definitely not. There seem to be two types of modem city. In type one there is a single high-density centre, and that's where you'll find the skyscrapers. This is surrounded by motorways. And all around this centre, low-density suburbs stretchas far as you can see. This is like Houston, or Calgary, or Toronto. Interviewer:And the second type?Urban Planner: The other type is like Los Angeles — the low-density multi-centre city. As I'm sure you know Los Angeles is really a large collection of a number of smallcentres, each with its shopping centres, factories, businesses, and skyscrapersscattered everywhere. In a way it's almost one enormous suburb.Interviewer: Do you. think one type is better than the other?Urban Planner: I think the Los Angeles model is more sensible.Interviewer: And so do you think Los Angeles is the city of the future?Urban Planner: Well, it is arguable that the next step after Los Angeles is the complete disappearance of the city, with no real centre, where well-designed forms of urbanlife-modem factories and office blocks which are clean and quiet, and beautifulforms of rural life — the trees and parks of suburbs, live side by side.Interviewer: So are you saying that the city as we know it will disappear...Task 8【答案】A.1) He thinks that this country’s problems all come from inflation, which is the result of theDemocrat’s careless spending.2) No, she doesn’t agree with Ned. She believes that the problem is unemployment. If thegovernment cuts spending too much, people will fall into a vicious circle of more unemployment and fewer taxpayers to share the burden.3) She agrees with Barbara. She believes that unemployment is a big problem, especially in the big industrial cities. And the government isn’t doing very much to help the big industries out. 4) He believes in the free market system rather than government regulation or protection. He thinks that without a lot of government interference everything will be okay.5) No, they think it’s bad for the weak, the poor and the unprotected/ it’s bad for the underprivileged.B.more and more money, come from somewhere, higher taxes and higher prices【原文】Ned: ... you know, I think this country's problems all come from inflation. That's the main cause of our troubles right now. And what's causing the inflation? It's the reckless spending of the Democrats! Every year they spend more and more money, and that money has to comefrom somewhere. So we pay it in the form of higher taxes and higher prices on thegoods we buy.Barbara: Well, I'm not sure that I agree with you. It seems to me that inflation is only one of our problems. What about unemployment? If people don't have jobs because the governmentcuts spending too much, they can't buy things; and then you have a vicious circle ofmore unemployment and fewer taxpayers to share the burden.Ellen: You know, I think Barbara may have something there. Unemployment is a big problem, especially in the big industrial cities. The auto industry is fighting for its life right now, and the government isn't doing very much to help it.Ned: Well, it's true that the auto industry is in a mess, but I don't think the answer is in government regulation or protection.I believe in the free market system —let thesystem work without a lot of government interference, andeverything will be okay.Ellen: So the strong will win, and the weak will be defeated. Is that what you mean?Ned: Well, that's the way it goes. The survival of the fittest.Barbara: And too bad about the weak, the poor, the unprotected...Ned: Now you're getting emotional. You have to remain objective about these things. Let me give you an example of what I'm talking about...Task 9【答案】A.1) The problem is whether or not the inner city — the core of most urban areas — will manage tosurvive at all.2) They moved to the suburbs in search of fresh air, elbow room, and privacy.3) As a result, suburbs began to sprawl out across the countryside. Many cities began to fall intodisrepair. And many downtown areas existed for business only.4) The result was that urban centers declined even further and the suburbs expanded still more.5) Because from the decision of the T aylors and many other young couples, we can see that somepeople may be tired of spending long hours commuting, and they may have begun to miss the advantages of culture and companionship provided by city life.B.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) TC.1) middle-class, tax money, neighborhoods2) Crime, public transportation3) housing construction costs, was allowed to, constructed【原文】A few years ago, Ann and Walter Taylor thought it might be time to move out of their New York City apartment to the suburbs. They had one young son and another child on the way. But after months of looking, they became discourage and decided to buy an old townhouse right in the middle of Brooklyn, which is a part of New York City. To their delight, they discovered that they weren’t the only young couple to have made such a deci sion. In fact, their entire area in Brooklyn had been settled by young families. And as a result, the neighborhood, which had been declining for years, was now being restored.Brooklyn isn’t the only city in the United States to experience this kind of renewal. So are Philadelphia and St.Louis. And Charleston, South Carolina, has so successfully rebuilt its old central area that it now ranks as one of America’s most charming cities. The restoration of the old port city of Savannah, Georgia, is also living proof that downtown areas do not need to die. But encouraging as these developments may be, they are among the few bright spots in a mass of difficulties that today’s citie s face. Indeed, their woes are so many that it is fair to ask whether or not the inner city the core of most urban areas will manage to survive at all.In the 1940s, urban Americans began a mass move to the suburbs in search of fresh air, elbow room, and privacy. Suburbs began to sprawl out across the countryside. Since most of those making the move were middle-class, they took with them the taxmoney the cities needed to maintain the neighborhoods in which they had lived. The people left in the cities were often those who were too old or too poor to move. Thus, many cities began to fall into disrepair. Crime began to soar, and public transportation was neglected.( In the past sixty years San Francisco is the only city in the United States to have completed a new mass transit system.) Meanwhile, housing construction costs continued to rise higher and higher. Middle-class housing was allowed to decay, and little new housing was constructed.Eventually, many downtown areas existed for business only. During the day they would be filled with people working in offices, and at night they would be deserted. Given these circumstances, some business executives began asking, “Why bother with going downtown at all? Why not move the offices to the suburbs so that we c an live and work in the same area?” Gradually, some of the larger companies began moving out of the cities, with the result that urban centers declined even further and the suburbs expanded still more. This movement of business tothe suburbs is not confined to the United States. Businesses have also been moving to the suburbs in Stockholm, Sweden, in Bonn, Germany, and in Brussels, Belgium, as well.But it may well be that this movement to the suburbs has reached its peak. Some people may be tired of spending long hours commuting, and they may have begun to miss the advantages of culture and companionship provided by city life. Perhaps the decision made by the T aylors is a sign that people will return to the cities and begin to restore them. It begins to look as if suburban sprawl may not have been the answer to man’s need to create an ideal environment in which to live andwork.Task 10【答案】A.1) 54, 20, 1980, ￡70,000.2) 30, 19803) a newspaper article, to research the market4) another few months, in April 1981, a 1,500 sq ft5) third, Canada, America, 20 percent, ￡1 million6) 20, 70, 3B.1) F 2) T 3) F 4)F 5)TC.1) He was deeply involved in the present job and rather enjoyed himself. He thought the shop washis own little baby and thought it was fun to serve behind the counter. However, he also thought that there was a lot more hard work than he was used to; he was working over the weekend doing his books. He called his old job “boring trips to Manchester to sell vast quantities of PVC”.2) He thought that there are far more job satisfaction; and believed that he was making money,rather than making money for other people.3) He was about to diversify into commercial distribution of imported and domestically producedwine and wines he’s produced himself.【原文】William Rudd, 54, worked for ICI petrochemicals for 20 years until 1980 when he took early retirement with &70,000. He opened his own delicatessen and butcher's shop in Kensingtonand has just bought a second London shop.I knew about a year before I left that I was going to go, so I looked around for office jobs. I had one of those frustrating periods where I nearly got some jobs but then I didn't. Actually it was a dinner party conversation which got me into the shop. A woman I knew said she was going to open a delicatessen and thought it sounded fun. So ! said, "Super, I'll come in with you." I'd always thought retailing would be amusing, after a lifetime of industrial selling.We found that the lease of the building stipulated we had to keep it as a butcher's and I added fish and cheese and things like that. I ended up spending far more than I'd ever intended.I didn't really do much research, except for fish, about which I knew nothing. I was clearly going to be the person standing behind the counter filleting, so I talked to one person who showed me a little, supplied me, and kept me under his wing for a little while. But it's quite easy to learn about fish; once you get used to gutting salmon you're on your way. Meat is more difficult; theskill is in the butchery, so I employ people for that. I had to learn about equipment by trial and error.I started in July — the worst time of the year for a shop like this —and the overdraft kept going up. That was rather frightening because there was no one between me and the bank manager. My reaction early on was that it was bound to come right. At the same time I was deeply involved and rather enjoying myself. It was my own little baby and it was fun to serve behind the counter —completely different from boring trips to Manchester to sell vast quantities of PVC. There was a lot more hard work than I was used to; I was working over the weekenddoing my books.I remember my accountant saying to me when I was starting up, "What are you going to do for mental stimulation?" In fact there's quite a lot of mental stimulation in the sheer terror of losing money: I couldn't have conceived of doing this 20 years ago. It was a great leap in the dark. I don't know if I'm brave or foolish, or a bit of both I suppose. But I do know that if I'd listened to anyone I would never have done it.Les Shield, 30, a boiler technician, was made redundant from British Steel at Consett in 1980. 145'th Mike Heywood, a Consett transport manager made redundant at the same time, he started British Brewing Products, manufacturing beer kits and now diversifi2ing into wine production.I read a newspaper article about a company which had done quite well in home brew, and I started to research the market 18 months before the closure at Consett. By the time the steelworks were due to close I had a business plan ready. We bought some products which we had made for us and went out into the wilds of Yorkshire and Lancashire and sold them as a test. It took two months before we got any repeat business and that was a nail-biting period. It took another few months to fend premises and to get financial assistance from BSC industry and the bank. We went into production in April 1981 manufacturing home-brewing kits in a 1,500 sq ft factory.Let's face it, in this area, there wasn't a lot of choice. You could sit and vegetate and spend your redundancy money, you could move away and find new employment, or you could use your redundancy money to sink or swim.We're swimming. We're actually doing very well. I like being self-employed; there's far more job satisfaction. You know that atthe end of the day you're getting the full value, personally, of the work you do. That's what you're in business for — to make money, rather than make money for other people. It was obviously a strain when I spent 5 days a week training, but after 18 months, we were able to afford our first salesman.I think my wife was happy for me to do what I've done. She accepted that there would be a certain amount of stress during the early days, but she probably realized that if I was successful the rewards would be there at the end of the day.We're now in our third factory since we started. We export our products to the Republic of Ireland, Canada and America; exports account for 20 percent of production. Our turnover will exceed &1 million for the first time this year.We're about to diversify into commercial distribution of imported and domestically produced wine and wines we're producing ourselves. We employ 20 people at the moment but that will rise to 70 in the next 3 months.Task 11【原文】I could hear the guard blowing his whistle, so I ran onto the platform and up to the train.Luckily someone saw me coming, a door opened, and I jumped on while the train was movingout of the station. “Phew!” I thought. “That was hard work!” I was sur e the other passengers could hear my heart beating; it was so loud, and I was in a cold sweat.After a while, I recovered, and had a look at the other passengers. The compartment was full, but I was the only one standing. The people in the carriage turned their eyes away as they noticed me looking at them; all except one, a beautifulwoman sitting in the corner. I saw her watching me in the mirror. Automatically, I adjusted my tie. She had seen me running for the train: maybe this was my lucky day after all. I prepared to say hello.She spoke first, however. “Would you like my seat?” she asked. “You look rather ill.” That was the day on which I realized I was getting middle-aged.。
船舶应急反应须知
船舶应急反应须知Ship emergency response instruction1.目的Objective本须知规定了当船舶发生紧急情况时船上有关人员应采取的正确有效的应急措施，旨在最大限度地减少人员伤亡，财产损失和对环境的危害。
This notice provisions when vessel in the emergency situation, the relevant personnel on board should adopt a correct effective emergency measures which designed to maximize reduce casualties and property losses and environmental hazards.2.适用范围Applicable scope本须知适用于船舶紧急情况的反应。
This notice apply to vessel emergency response.3.职责Obligation3.1.船长是应急总指挥，有权采取一切必要措施进行抢险处置，并可请求公司岸基或第三方援助。
The captain is the emergency commander-in-chief, has the right to take all necessary measures to rescue disposal, and may request the aid from company shore-based or third party3.2.大副是应急现场指挥（除机舱应急外）也是船长的替代人。
Chief Officer is emergency on-site command (except engine cabin emergency)who is also the captain's replacement.3.3.轮机长是机舱应急现场指挥，并负责保障船舶动力。
污水处理厂污泥处置备案流程
污水处理厂污泥处置备案流程1.污水处理厂需要向有关部门提出污泥处置备案申请。
The sewage treatment plant needs to submit a sludge disposal filing application to the relevant authorities.2.申请材料包括污泥处置方案、环境影响评价报告等内容。
The application materials include the sludge disposal plan, environmental impact assessment report, etc.3.相关部门会对申请材料进行审查，并进行现场核查。
The relevant authorities will review the application materials and conduct on-site inspections.4.如果审查和核查合格，会给予污泥处置备案审批。
If the review and inspection are qualified, the sludge disposal filing will be approved.5.备案审批通过后，污水处理厂可以正式实施污泥处置计划。
After the filing approval, the sewage treatment plant can formally implement the sludge disposal plan.6.污水处理厂需要按照备案批准的污泥处置方案进行操作。
The sewage treatment plant needs to operate in accordance with the approved sludge disposal plan.7.污泥的处置方式通常包括填埋、焚烧、堆肥等多种方式。
The disposal methods for sludge usually include landfilling, incineration, composting, and other methods.8.污水处理厂要严格按照相关法律法规执行污泥处置操作。
酒店资产报损报废的请示范文
酒店资产报损报废的请示范文英文版Hotel Asset Damage and Disposal Request SampleAs a hotel manager, it is important to keep track of all assets and ensure they are properly maintained. However, there are times when assets become damaged or outdated and need to be disposed of. In such cases, it is crucial to follow the proper procedures to ensure the proper documentation and disposal of the assets.When a hotel asset is damaged beyond repair or is no longer needed, a request for disposal should be submitted to the appropriate department. This request should include details such as the asset description, condition, reason for disposal, and any relevant documentation such as photos or repair history.Once the request is approved, the asset should be properly disposed of according to the hotel's policies and procedures. This may include recycling, donation, or selling the asset. It is important to keep detailed records of the disposal process, including any receipts or certificates of disposal.By following the proper procedures for asset disposal, hotels can ensure that their assets are properly managed and accounted for. This not only helps to maintain the hotel's reputation and efficiency but also ensures compliance with regulations and environmental standards.酒店资产报损报废的请示范文作为酒店经理，重要的是要跟踪所有资产，并确保它们得到适当维护。
麻醉药品销毁申请范文
麻醉药品销毁申请范文英文回答：Anesthesia Drug Disposal Application.I am writing to request the disposal of anesthesia drugs that are no longer needed in our medical facility. As the head nurse, it is my responsibility to ensure the safe and proper disposal of these drugs in accordance with the regulations.Firstly, I would like to highlight the importance of proper drug disposal. It is crucial to dispose of unused or expired drugs to prevent misuse, accidental ingestion, or illegal distribution. Improper disposal can also have negative environmental effects, such as contaminating water sources or harming wildlife. Therefore, it is essentialthat we follow the correct procedures for disposing of these drugs.To begin the process, I have gathered a list of anesthesia drugs that need to be disposed of. This includes expired medications, drugs that have been opened but not used, and any remaining medication from completed surgeries. The list includes drugs such as propofol, fentanyl, and sevoflurane.Next, I have researched the appropriate methods for disposing of these drugs. According to the guidelines provided by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), controlled substances should be disposed of through a registered reverse distributor. This ensures that the drugs are safely collected, transported, and destroyed in compliance with the law.In addition to controlled substances, non-controlled substances can be disposed of through other methods. For example, medications that are not controlled substances can be disposed of in a drug take-back program or through a medication disposal kiosk. These options are available in many pharmacies and hospitals, and they provide aconvenient and safe way to dispose of unused medications.To illustrate the importance of proper drug disposal, let me share a real-life example. A few months ago, a family member of mine accidentally ingested expired medication that was not disposed of correctly. The medication had been left in a cabinet and was mistaken for a different medication. This incident resulted in a severe allergic reaction and required immediate medical attention. This situation could have been avoided if the medication had been disposed of properly.In conclusion, I request the proper disposal of anesthesia drugs that are no longer needed in our medical facility. By following the appropriate procedures, we can ensure the safety of our patients, staff, and the environment. Let us be responsible and proactive in disposing of these drugs to prevent any potential harm. Thank you for your attention to this matter.中文回答：麻醉药品销毁申请。
地铁列车区间运行中发生火灾的应急处置流程
地铁列车区间运行中发生火灾的应急处置流程1.火灾发生后，列车司机立即通知列车调度员和相关部门。
After the fire, the train driver immediately notifies the train dispatcher and relevant departments.2.列车司机应当第一时间停止列车，并在安全位置打开列车车门，指导乘客有序疏散。
The train driver should stop the train and open the train doors in a safe location, guiding passengers to evacuate inan orderly manner.3.乘务人员应当立即向车站值班人员和列车调度员报告火灾情况，并请求派遣消防人员前往处置。
The crew should immediately report the fire situation to the station duty personnel and train dispatcher, and request the dispatch of firefighters to deal with it.4.车站值班人员应当立即启动应急预案，通知相关部门及时进行处置。
Station duty personnel should immediately activate the emergency plan and notify relevant departments to deal withit in a timely manner.5.乘务人员应当协助乘客有序疏散并转移至安全地点，确保乘客人身安全。
The crew should assist passengers in orderly evacuation and transfer to a safe location, ensuring the safety of passengers.6.列车调度员应当及时安排其他列车的运行，尽量减少对地铁运行的影响。
小家电申领制度及流程
小家电申领制度及流程英文回答：Appliance Requisition Policy and Procedures.Purpose.The purpose of this policy is to establish clear guidelines for the requisition, receipt, and disposal of small appliances within the organization.Scope.This policy applies to all employees who are authorized to request or receive small appliances for use in their work area.Definitions.Small appliance: Any electrical or non-electricaldevice with a value of [amount] or less.Requisition: A formal request for the procurement of an appliance.Receipt: The formal acceptance of an appliance from the supplier.Disposal: The removal of an appliance from the organization's inventory due to obsolescence, damage, or other reasons.Procedures.Requisitioning.1. Employees who require a small appliance must submita requisition form to their supervisor.2. The requisition form must include the following information:Description of the appliance.Quantity.Estimated cost.Justification for the request.3. The supervisor will review the requisition and approve or deny the request.4. If the requisition is approved, the supervisor will forward it to the purchasing department.Receipt.1. The purchasing department will procure the appliance and deliver it to the employee's work area.2. The employee must inspect the appliance upon receipt and report any damage or defects to the purchasing department immediately.3. The employee must sign a receipt confirming that they have received the appliance in good condition.Disposal.1. Appliances that are no longer needed or are damaged beyond repair must be disposed of in accordance with the organization's environmental policy.2. Employees must submit a disposal request to their supervisor.3. The supervisor will arrange for the disposal of the appliance through the appropriate channels.Responsibilities.Employees:Submit requisitions for small appliances in a timely manner.Inspect appliances upon receipt and report any damage or defects.Use appliances for their intended purpose only.Dispose of appliances properly when they are no longer needed.Supervisors:Review and approve or deny appliance requisitions.Ensure that appliances are used for their intended purpose.Arrange for the disposal of appliances when necessary.Purchasing Department:Procure appliances in accordance with approvedrequisitions.Deliver appliances to employees' work areas.Environmental Department:Establish and enforce guidelines for the disposalof appliances.Revision History.Version 1.0: Initial release date [date]中文回答：小家电申领制度及流程。
请求的英文短语
请求的英文短语请求，指提出要求，希望得到满足。
下面就由店铺为大家带来关于请求的英语短语集锦，希望大家能有所收获。
关于请求的相关短语请求包 request packet;请求操作信息 action message;请求程序 requestor;请求处理 request stacking; demand processing;请求发送 request to send;请求分页 demand paging;请求赋用 request enable;请求共用 share request;请求管理程序 supervisor call;请求呼叫 request call;请求级 request level;请求联机 log-in;请求免除 beg off;请求批准逻辑 {自} request; grant logic;请求权 claim;请求射击 {军} call fire;请求停机 request stop;请求同步 synchronous request;请求脱机 log-off;请求文件 demand file;请求线路 request line;请求页面调度 {自} demand paging;请求语言 requirements language;请求预报 demand forecasting;关于请求的相关短句ask for forgiveness;请求宽恕ask a favour of sb.;请求某人帮忙request a loan;请求一项贷款as requested;按照请求seek enforcement of the judgement;请求执行判决He came at my request.他应我的请求而来。
He is begging for help.他请求援助。
关于请求的词语辨析beg, implore, request, pray, require, claim, entreat, ask, demand这组词都有“要求，请求”的意思，其区别是：beg 指恳切地或再三地请求或要求，常含低三下四意味，也多用于应酬场合。