高考英语(江苏专版)二轮复习与策略讲练：第1部分 专题1 第8讲 特殊句式
高考英语江苏专版二轮专题复习三维课件：专题一+语法+板块二+第一讲+时态和语态
1．(2017·江苏高考)He hurried home, never once looking back
to see if he ________. A．was being followed
B．was following
C．had been followed
D．followed
解析：句意：他匆匆回家，一次也没有回头看看是否正被
D．will fill
解析：句意：“嗨，让我们去滑冰吧。”“对不起，我现在 很忙。我正在填一份新工作的申请表。”由答句中的时间状 语 right now 和上下文语境可知，此处表示正在发生的事， 应用现在进行时，故选 C 项。 答案：C
2．(2013·陕西高考)On Monday mornings it usually ________ me
the impression that she ________ most of the guests before.
A．has seen
B．had seen
C．saw
D．would see
解析：句意：索菲娅环视了所有的面孔，感觉大部分客人
她以前都见过。主句时态用的是过去时，从句中的“see”先
于主句的动作，所以用过去完成时。
一般过去时与现在完成时的比较
1．(2017·北京高考)—________ that company to see how they
think of our product yesterday?
—Yes. They are happy with it.
A．Did you call
B．Have you called
里叙述的是一个经常性的情况，所以用一般现在时。
答案：A
高考英语(江苏专版)二轮复习与策略讲练：第1部分 专题1 第1讲 时态语态
专题一单项填空考点的现象。
[题型攻略]单项填空往往只是由一、两句话构成的一个微情景，都是在真实的情景中考查对词汇、语法的掌握情况以及对语句、语境的理解。
每一个单项填空题都是一个小小的语言世界，五脏俱全，各种语法穿插其中，真可谓是“步步有陷阱”。
然而做单项填空题还是有章可循，有法可依的。
攻略1句式结构分析法分析句式结构，明确句子成分，特别是选项在句子中所充当的成分，对于选择正确答案是很有必要的。
在分析过程中，要特别留意标点符号、连词等，从而判断出这是一个简单句、并列句，还是复合句。
这类题型的选项大致分为两类：1.连词和代词的混合选项；2.纯连词。
如果是复合句，要严格按照以下两个思路答题：(1)分析何种从句；(2)分析引导词作何种成分。
[典例1](2016·浙江高考，11)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved.A．whom B．whichC．what D．thatB[如果学生把先行词误认为scientists，容易错选A项。
分析句子结构可知，逗号后是“代词＋of＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句。
先行词是many theories，指物，故关系代词只能用which。
][典例2]He wrote five novels，two of________translated into English.A．it B．themC．which D．thatB[此题很容易掉进陷阱误选C项，学生误以为后面是非限制性定语从句。
事实上translated是过去分词，而不是谓语动词，后面不是句子，不能用连词，所以正确答案是B项them。
若在translated前加上were，were translated就成了谓语动词，这时才可以选连词which。
【江苏专版】2019高考英语二轮复习与策略讲练 第1部分 专题1 第1讲 时态语态 含解析
专题一单项填空考点的现象.[题型攻略]单项填空往往只是由一、两句话构成的一个微情景，都是在真实的情景中考查对词汇、语法的掌握情况以及对语句、语境的理解.每一个单项填空题都是一个小小的语言世界，五脏俱全，各种语法穿插其中，真可谓是“步步有陷阱”.然而做单项填空题还是有章可循，有法可依的.攻略1句式结构分析法分析句式结构，明确句子成分，特别是选项在句子中所充当的成分，对于选择正确答案是很有必要的.在分析过程中，要特别留意标点符号、连词等，从而判断出这是一个简单句、并列句，还是复合句.这类题型的选项大致分为两类：1.连词和代词的混合选项；2.纯连词.如果是复合句，要严格按照以下两个思路答题：(1)分析何种从句；(2)分析引导词作何种成分.[典例1](2016·浙江高考，11)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved.A．whom B．whichC．what D．thatB[如果学生把先行词误认为scientists，容易错选A项.分析句子结构可知，逗号后是“代词＋of＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句.先行词是many theories，指物，故关系代词只能用which.][典例2]He wrote five novels，two of________translated into English.A．it B．themC．which D．thatB[此题很容易掉进陷阱误选C项，学生误以为后面是非限制性定语从句.事实上translated是过去分词，而不是谓语动词，后面不是句子，不能用连词，所以正确答案是B项them.若在translated前加上were，were translated就成了谓语动词，这时才可以选连词which.]攻略2整体理解句意法语境即一定的语言环境.近几年的高考题往往自然巧妙地设置一定的语言情境或者故意隐蔽一些有效的信息，以考查考生在特定的语言环境中准确运用语言的能力.这种解题方法适用于情景题和交际题，考生解题时必须依据题干具体情景或交际对话场合、内容来确定符合情景、场合的最佳答案.所以在做题时，一定要通读全句，理解整句话要表达的意思，切忌在没有弄懂句意的情况下，根据只言片语，以偏概全，盲目做题.[典例1](2016·天津高考，1)—It was a wonderful trip.So，which city did you like better，Paris or Rome?—________．There were good things and bad things about them.A．It's hard to say B．I didn't get itC．You must be kidding D．Couldn't be betterA[空后的句子意思为“它们各有优缺点.”A项It's hard to say意为“很难说”，符合语境.I didn't get it.我不明白.You must be kidding.你一定是在开玩笑.Couldn't be better.再好不过了.][典例2]The number of students admitted annually to this school________from more than 1，000 in the year 2000 to some 2，000 last year.A．increases B．has increasedC．is increasing D．increasedB[题干中的last year并非时间状语，而是定语，修饰some 2，000，所以不要误选D项.其实这句话要表达的意思是“这个学校每年录取的学生数已由2000年的1 000人增加到了去年的2 000人.”强调的是对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时.]攻略3句式结构还原法结构还原是指以下几种情况：1．将省略句还原为完整句[典例](2015·湖南高考，35)That's why I help brighten people's days.If you ______，who's to say that another person will?A．didn't B．don'tC．weren't D．haven'tB[考查时态.句意：那就是为什么我要帮助人们，使他们天天心情愉快.如果你不那样做的话，谁能说另一个人会那样做呢？本句中if引导的是条件状语从句，从句中需用一般现在时代替一般将来时.]2．将疑问句还原为陈述句[典例]Is this school________you visited last month?A．one B．the oneC．that D．whatB[这是一个一般疑问句，如果不用还原法学生会误把this school分析成定语从句的先行词，从而掉进C项that这个陷阱.如果把句子还原成陈述语序：This school is ________ you visited last month.，学生就可以看出这个定语从句缺少先行词the one和引导词that/which.the one特指this school；that/which在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略.]3．将倒装句还原为正常语序[典例]So much of interest ________ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.A．offers Beijing B．Beijing offersC．does Beijing offer D．Beijing does offerC[如果将主句还原为正常语序Beijing offers so much of interest that...后，就可知题干是so...引导的倒装句.]4．将被动语态还原为主动语态[典例]Time should be made good use of ______our lessons well.A．learning B．learnedC．to learn D．learnsC[如果将该题还原为主动句We should make good use of time ________ our lessons well.，可以发现介词of有其相应的宾语，故其后不能再用动名词learning 作宾语，应选不定式to learn作目的状语.]攻略4寻找标志词法标志词就是“题眼”.抓住了题眼，就能准确判断命题者的意图，缩小思考范围，迅速发现解题突破口，从而准确作答.[典例1](2015·北京高考，22)—Did you enjoy the party?—Yes.We________ well by our hosts.A．were treated B．would be treatedC．treated D．had treatedA[考查时态和语态.句意：“你喜欢这个聚会吗？”“是的.我们受到了主人很好的招待.”根据问句Did you enjoy the party？可知时态为一般过去时，故排除B、D两项；由We与treat之间为被动关系可知，此处用被动语态，所以答案为A.][典例2](2015·福建高考，29)—I wonder ______ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.A．where B．howC．why D．ifB[考查宾语从句引导词的选择.句意：——我想知道Mary这些年到底是________保持体形的.——通过每天锻炼.宾语从句中缺状语，由答语By working out every day.可知，宾语从句是问Mary保持体形的方式，所以应用how引导宾语从句.故答案为B项.]攻略5突破思维定势法高考命题人常以学生非常熟悉的句型结构、固定搭配或者母语为“诱饵”给学生制造假象，学生因为思维定式的影响，而忽略了题中已经变化的条件或情境，轻而易举地选出“正确答案”，结果掉进了陷阱.学生在做这类试题时，要仔细分析句子结构或者句意，以免掉入命题者设计的陷阱.[典例] 1.________is well known that he is good at maths in our class.2．________is well known，he is good at maths in our class.3．________is well known is that he is good at maths in our class.A．What B．ThisC．It D．As1．C 2.D 3.A[这三句话表达的是同一个意思.第一个句子中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句；第二个句子是由as引导的非限制性定语从句；第三个句子是一个“主系表”结构的句子，what在此引导一个主语从句，且在从句中作主语.]攻略6标点符号分析法标点符号在单项填空题中看似微不足道，但其作用不可忽视，它可以使语言更加准确.特别是在定语从句或者非谓语动词作状语的句型中，利用标点符号分析法可以迅速找到解题的突破口，从而很容易地得出正确答案.[典例](2015·福建高考，34)China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.A．who B．whomC．that D．whichD[本题考查定语从句引导词的选择.句意：《今日中国》吸引了世界范围的读者群，这显示全世界越来越多的人想了解中国.根据空格前的逗号可知，空格所在句为非限制性定语从句，所以排除C项that；从句中缺主语，指代前面“《今日中国》吸引了世界范围的读者群”这件事，故应用which来引导定语从句.]第一讲时态和语态1．(2016·江苏高考，22)More efforts，as reported，________in the years aheadto accelerate the supply－side structural reform.A．are made B．will be madeC．are being made D．have been madeB[考查时态和被动语态.句意：据报道，为加快供给侧结构性改革，今后几年将会付出更多的努力.由in the years ahead“今后几年”(一般将来时)和more efforts与make之间是被动关系(被动语态)可知用一般将来时的被动语态(B.will be made).]【导学号：57732000】2．(2016·江苏高考，29)Dashan，who ________ crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand－up tradition.A．will be learning B．is learningC．had been learning D．has been learningD[考查时态.句意：大山学习相声——中国的传统喜剧形式——数十年了，他想把中国相声与西方的单口相声融合起来.由for decades可知who引导的非限制性定语从句要用完成时，再由主句谓语动词wants可知应用现在完成进行时(has been learning).故选D项.]3．(2015·江苏高考，30)The real reason why prices ________，and still are, too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.A．were B．will beC．have been D．had beenA[考查时态.句意：物价过去很高，现在依然居高不下，其真正原因是复杂的，不是两三句话能圆满解释的.根据空格后面的and still are(而且现在仍然是)判断，前面是指物价过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故选A项.]4．(2014·江苏高考，23)—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?—Well，the media ________ it in a variety of forms.A．cover B．will coverC．have covered D．coveredC[考查动词时态.句意：“你对即将在南京举行的青奥会了解多少？”“嗯，媒体已经以各种各样的形式对它进行了报道.”问话人询问对方了解多少关于青奥会的事情，说明关于青奥会的很多信息已经被对方知道了.而回答者并没有正面回答，而是说媒体已经报道过很多了，意思是外界都知道青奥会的信息，他就不用回答具体信息了.这里应该用现在完成时，表示到目前为止媒体已经报道了很多.故选择C项.本题易错选B项(will cover)，根据常识可知，如果媒体还没报道的话，一般人不会知道媒体将会以各种形式对青奥会进行报道.] 5．(2016·北京高考，23)—Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?—The new Star Wars.We ________ here for more than two hours.A．waited B．waitC．would be waiting D．have been waitingD[考查时态.句意：“打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？”“新版的《星球大战》.我们在这儿等了两个多小时了.”结合句意可知，此处表示一直在等待着，并且还有可能继续等下去，故用现在完成进行时(D.have been waiting).] 6．(2016·北京高考，25)I ________ half of the English novel，and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.A．read B．have readC．am reading D．will readB[考查时态.句意：这本英文小说我读(have read)一半了，周末会尽量把它读完.由后面的I'll try to finish it at the weekend可知，我“已经”读了一半，故用现在完成时.]7．(2016·北京高考，30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.A．rewarded B．were rewardedC．will reward D．will be rewardedD[考查时态和语态.句意：学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的.由前面的现在完成进行时可排除A、B两项；再由their efforts与reward之间是被动关系可排除C项，D项是一般将来时的被动语态，正确.be rewarded with...“得到……回报”，可视为固定短语.]8．(2016·天津高考，3)When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I ________for years.A．didn't see B．haven't seenC．hadn't seen D．wouldn't seeC[考查时态.句意：沿街走路时，我偶然遇到了戴维，我们已有好几年没见了.“没见”表示的动作发生在came across之前，且for years是完成时的标志，所以应选表示过去完成时的hadn't seen.]9．(2016·浙江高考，9)Silk ________ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.A．had become B．was becomingC．has become D．is becomingA[考查时态.句意：到约公元前100年时，丝绸就已成为丝绸之路沿线交易的主要货物之一.by表示“到某一时间为止”，是过去完成时的标志，故选A.] 10．(2015·安徽高考，29)It is reported that a space station________on the moon in years to come.A．will be building B．will be builtC．has been building D．has been builtB[考查时态与语态.句意：据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成.a space station与build之间是被动关系，因此要用被动语态；“未来的几年内”是将来的时间，因此用一般将来时的被动语态.]一、常考的各种时态1．一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的动作，通常用usually，often，always，sometimes，every day，once a week等作时间状语.I usually have my hair cut once a month.The students often do their experiments in the lab.(2)表示客观真理、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在.The earth moves around the sun.A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.(3)表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作.The train leaves at 2：35 this afternoon.(4)主句是一般将来时的时间、条件、让步状语从句中代替将来时.You will succeed if you try your best.Even if it rains tomorrow，the football match will take place.2．现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态.Our friends are waiting for us outside now.(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情.She is learning English at college.(3)某些短暂性动词，如come，go，start，open，close，arrive，return，begin，leave等用于进行时，表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作.My father is coming to see me this Saturday.He is leaving for Beijing next week.(4)某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐地发生变化.I'm forgetting English.She is losing her eyesight.3．现在完成时(1)表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果，常用recently，lately，ever，never，once，before，yet，just等作时间状语.He hasn't heard any news from his son lately.Have you ever been to London?(2)表示开始于过去某一时刻，一直持续到现在而且还有可能继续下去的动作.常用so far，up till now，since，for a long time，in the past/last few years，these days等作时间状语.So far no life has been found outside the earth.He has learned 5，000 English words since he went to college.(3)“This/It is＋the＋序数词＋time＋that...”句式中，that后的从句用现在完成时.This is the second time that I have visited the university.4．现在完成进行时(1)表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在而且会继续进行下去的动作.I am very tired.I have been painting the house all the afternoon.(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作.I have been calling him several times this morning，but there is no answer.5．一般过去时(1)表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作时间状语.It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday.He came to work here two weeks ago.(2)在时间、条件从句中代替过去将来时.He said he would not go if it rained.(3)有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时.常见的此类动词有know，think，expect 等，表示“本来认为”.I didn't expect to meet you here.I thought he had heard the news.6．过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”.By the end of last term，we had learned 2，000 words.He had left before I got home.(2)hope，expect，think，intend，want，suppose等用于过去完成时，表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为“原本……”.We had expected that you would be able to win the match.(3)“It/This/That was＋the＋序数词＋time＋that...”句式中，that后的从句用过去完成时.It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.(4)“hardly/scarcely...when...”和“no sooner...than...”结构中，主句用过去完成时.Hardly had the game started when it started to rain.7．过去进行时(1)表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情.She was writing a book about China last year，but I don't know whether she hasfinished it.(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行.It was raining as the medical team made its way to the front.He was watching TV in the living room when someone knocked at the door.(3)短暂性动词come，go，leave，arrive，begin等用于过去进行时，表示按计划、安排在过去某个时间将要发生的动作.8．一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作.(1)“shall/will＋动词原形”表示将来，往往指客观上势必要发生的事情或没有计划、临时做出的打算.shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称.When will you be able to give us a reply?We shall have a lot of rain next month.—Where is the telephone book?—I'll go and get it for you.(2)be going to do表示将来，一般指按计划、打算要做某事或有迹象要出现的情况.I am going to buy a computer this summer.It is going to be fine tomorrow.(3)be to do表示将来，一般指按计划或安排要做某事或按职责、义务和要求必须去做某事.She is to get married next week.I am to buy some books this afternoon.(4)be about to do表示将来，多指不久或即将要发生的动作，不强调主观，不能与表示具体时间的状语连用.The train is about to leave.9．过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某个时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态.这种时态通常有个过去时间或动作作参照.He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.She was about to open the door when the telephone rang.Every morning he would climb to the top of the hill in those days.10．将来进行时将来进行时由will/shall be doing构成，表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作.Please don't come at ten tomorrow morning.I will be having a meeting.What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?二、被动语态1．被动语态有两种表现形式：be＋过去分词和get＋过去分词.get型被动语态一般指动作的结果而非动作本身.Finally he got elected.2．使用被动语态的情况(1)不知道或没有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时.The young man was injured in the car accident.(2)需要强调动作的承受者时.Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away.(3)为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方时.Everybody is expected to obey the following rules.(4)动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时.The windows were broken by strong wind.(5)有些习惯用法只以或常以被动语态形式出现.I am determined to take medicine.3．注意主动形式表示被动意义的情况(1)表示主语的某种属性特征的词，如clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，常用其主动形式表示被动意义，且主语通常是物.This pen writes smoothly.(2)在need，want，require，bear等词的后面常跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式.The house needs repairing/to be repaired.1．(2016·南京市模拟)—How is your sister?—She________quite good after the operation，but she is taking a turn for the worse today.A．felt B．feelsC．had felt D．has been feelingA[考查动词时态.句意：——你妹妹怎么样了？——手术后她感到不错，但今天她感觉比较糟.手术后感到不错，是过去的事情，故用一般过去时.] 2．(2016·徐州调研测试)We have been trying to train the young people who were hired last month，but they________their best to learn.A．were not doing B．didn't doC．are not doing D．hadn't doneC[考查时态.句意：我们一直在尽力培训上个月聘请的年轻人，但是他们不尽力学习.根据题干的but判断是这些年轻人现在不尽力学习，应用现在进行时.故选C.]3．(2016·南通、扬州、淮安、泰州四市三次调研)Don't worry.When he kept silent，Mr. White ________ his approval for our plan.A．would show B．is showingC．was showing D．has shownC[考查时态.句意：不要担心.当他保持沉默时，表示怀特先生正支持我们的计划.根据从句的时态是过去时以及和主从句之间的关系可知，主句应该是表示“表示他支持”是正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时.故选C.]4．(2016·南通、扬州、连云港二次调研)—What's the result of the basketball match?—You see，the rain________it and the second half is put off till next PE class.A．ruined B．is ruiningC．will ruin D．had ruinedA[考查动词时态.句意：——篮球比赛的结果是什么？——你知道，大雨毁掉了比赛，下半场推迟到下一节体育课.根据语境，体育比赛是发生在过去，大雨毁掉比赛也应该发生在过去，表示发生在过去的某个时间点或时间段的动作或状态，用一般过去时.故选A.]5．(2016·苏、锡、常、镇四市调研一)—Hi，Peter.Why didn't you go to the cinemalast night?—I________ the popular show Dad，w here are w e going？with my family.A．was watching B．have watchedC．would watch D．had watchedA[考查时态.句意：——你好，皮特.为什么你昨晚没去电影院？——我和我的家人一直在看热播剧《爸爸去哪儿？》.表示过去的一个时间段一直正在进行的动作或状态用过去进行时.故判断选A.]6．(2016·南通市二模)—Have you brought the photo of your family?—Yes，I________it the whole morning.A．would look for B．looked forC．have been looking for D．had looked forB[考查时态和语态.句意：——你带来你的家庭照了吗？——是的，我找了一个早上.分析句子可知，已经带来了家庭照.故一个早上寻找家庭照只是过去的事情，故用一般过去时.故选B项.根据时间状语the whole morning，本题容易误选C项.]【导学号：57732001】7．(2016·江苏冲刺卷一)—Can we meet tomorrow?—Yes, but not in the morning. I________a meeting.A．would attend B．have attendedC．will be attending D．am going to attendC[句意：——明天我们能见面吗？——是的.但不是早晨.我明天上午正在开会.表示在将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作，用将来进行时，因此选C.] 8．(2016·南京、盐城二模)Mr.Smith let off upon me the speech he________to make all along.A．had died B．diedC．was dying D．had been dyingD[考查时态.句意：史密斯先生向我不断练习一个他一直就渴望做的演讲.let off本意是“开枪”，这里引申为“不断练习”，根据all along可知用进行时，die to这个动作是发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成进行时.故选D.]9．—We thought he would have got the job.—What a pity！He________too nervous when interviewed.A．was B．had beenC．has been D．would have beenA[句意：——我们以为他会得到这份工作.——真遗憾！他面试的时候太紧张了.语境叙述的是过去的事，因此用一般过去时叙述过去的状态.故选A.] 10．(2016·盐城市三模)What little money he did have ________ on a record selected with extreme care which became，to his way of thinking，a possession close to his heart.A．spent B．been spentC．was spent D．to spendC[考查时态.句意：他的确将仅有的很少的钱花在精心挑选的录像带上了，按他的思维模式，这录像带就是他心爱的东西.What引导主语从句，是主句谓语动词spend的动作承受者，故选C.]11．(2016·宿迁市三校质检)—Will you come over to Beijing next summer?—I'd like to，but my family ________ London that summer.A．are visiting B．are to visitC．will be visiting D．will visitC[考查时态.句意：——明年夏天你来北京吗？——我愿意去，但是我的家人那个夏日将正在游览伦敦.根据题干中的next summer可知，此外表示将来某个时间点或者时间段正在进行的动作，故用将来进行时.故选C.]12．(2016·江苏冲刺卷三)—Have you got the admission notice from New York University?—Not yet.I________forward to it.A．looked B．have been lookingC．had looked D．will lookB[考查时态与语态.句意：——你收到纽约大学的录取通知书了吗？——还没有.我一直在期待着.表示动作从过去发生并持续到现在仍在进行的动作用现在完成进行时.故选B.]13．(2016·江苏冲刺卷三)—Can you give me some advice on what I said justnow?—Sorry，my mind________．A．has wandered B．had wanderedC．is wandering D．was wanderingD[考查时态.句意：——你能就刚才我说的话提出的一些建议吗？——对不起，我刚才心不在焉.根据题干是在对方说话的时候没有注意听，表示过去某个时间点或时间段进行的动作或状态用过去进行时.故选D.]14．(2016·淮安、宿迁、连云港、徐州四市调研)Global oil prices________since June as demand weakens in China and Europe while output in the United States grows steadily.A．fell B．had fallenC．were falling D．have been fallingD[考查时态.句意：自从六月全球油价一直下降，因为在中国和欧洲需求量减弱，而美国的输出量稳定上升.由since June可知，最近一段时间，油价反复下降，有可能持续下去，故应用现在完成进行时.]15．(2016·苏州模拟)China________a sharp increase in the number of aged people over the past decade.A．had seen B．sawC．will see D．has seenD[句意：最近十年中国老龄人口数量急剧上升.根据时间状语over the past decade可知应用现在完成时，故选D项.]。
江苏专版2019高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题1单项填空第1讲时态语态讲练.doc
江苏专版2019高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题1单项填空第1讲时态语态讲练1．C 2.D 3.A[这三句话表达的是同一个意思。
第一个句子中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句；第二个句子是由as引导的非限制性定语从句；第三个句子是一个“主系表”结构的句子，what在此引导一个主语从句，且在从句中作主语。
]攻略6 标点符号分析法标点符号在单项填空题中看似微不足道，但其作用不可忽视，它可以使语言更加准确。
特别是在定语从句或者非谓语动词作状语的句型中，利用标点符号分析法可以迅速找到解题的突破口，从而很容易地得出正确答案。
[典例](2015·福建高考，34)China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.A．who B．whomC．that D．whichD[本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。
句意：《今日中国》吸引了世界范围的读者群，这显示全世界越来越多的人想了解中国。
根据空格前的逗号可知，空格所在句为非限制性定语从句，所以排除C项that；从句中缺主语，指代前面“《今日中国》吸引了世界范围的读者群”这件事，故应用which来引导定语从句。
]第一讲时态和语态1．(2016·江苏高考，22)More efforts，as reported，________in the years ahead to accelerate the supply－side structural reform.A．are made B．will be madeC．are being made D．have been madeB[考查时态和被动语态。
句意：据报道，为加快供给侧结构性改革，今后几年将会付出更多的努力。
2018年高考英语江苏专版二轮复习与策略讲练：第1部分
类型3| 科普知识(2016·江苏高考·C)El Ni o，a Spanish term for “the Christ child，”was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern，which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Ni o sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects，both good and bad，are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Ni os，on balance，than they lose.A study found that a strong Ni o in 1997－98 helped America's economy grow by $15 billion，partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multi－year drought(干旱) in south－east Brazil is becoming worse.Though heavy rains brought about By El Ni o may relieve the drought in California，they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Ni o，in 1997－98，killed around 21，000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe.But such Ni os come with months of warning，and so much is known about how they happen that governmentscan prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI)，however，just 12% of disaster－relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk－reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors，civil conflict is related to El Ni o's harmful effects—and the poorer the country，the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal，helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Ni o，reducing their losses needs to be the priority.61．What can we learn about El Ni o in Paragraph 1?A．It is named after a South American fisherman.B．It takes place almost every year all over the world.C．It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D．It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.62．What may El Ni os bring about to the countries affected?A．Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B．Droughts become more harmful than floods.C．Rich countries' gains are greater than their losses.D．Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.63．The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that ________．A．more investment should go to risk reductionB．governments of poor countries need more aidC．victims of El Ni o deserve more compensationD．recovery and reconstruction should come first64．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A．To introduce El Ni o and its origin.B．To explain the consequences of El Ni o.C．To show ways of fighting against El Ni o.D．To urge people to prepare for El Ni o.语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。
2020江苏专版高考英语二轮复习讲义：专题1语法知识第九节
第九节特殊句式塁考点分析【设题方法】 1.江苏高考对特殊句式的考查主要集中在强调、倒装、反意疑问句、主谓一致等。
2•注重考查知识点的交叉和语法知识的力度和句式的变化。
【能力要求】1. 熟悉各类倒装句的基本结构，包括全部倒装和部分倒装。
2. 熟悉各类强调句的基本结构及用法。
3. 熟悉祈使句、省略句、感叹句、反意疑问句、主谓一致和 there be 句型等特殊句式的基本结构和基本用法。
【审题指导】1. 在解题过程中根据备选项看出是否在考查与倒装相关的考点，然后再寻找与倒装相关的一 些标志，最后可把倒装句恢复成正常的语序来加以验证。
2. 判断主谓一致应注意句子的主语， 尤其是定语从句中关系代词指代的先行词是单数还是复数。
P •真题诊断I. The professor warned thestudents that on no account use mobile phones in hisclass.（2019 天津，12） A.should theyC.dare they 答案 A3」n any un safe situati on , simply _______ the butt on and a highly-tra ined age nt will get you the help you need.（2018 北京• 8） A.pressB.to pressC.press ingD.pressed答案 A解析 根据空后的and 可知应该选 A 项。
这是一个固定句式，其构成是“祈使句+ and +陈述句”。
句意为：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按一下按钮，训练有素的工作人员就会给予 你所需要的帮助。
4」t was when I got back to my apartment _______ I first came across my new neighbors.（2017 天津，11）A. who B .where C.which D.that答案 D解析 考查强调句型的判定。
高考英语(江苏专版)二轮复习与策略讲练：第1部分 专题1 第8讲 特殊句式
第八讲特殊句式1．(2016·江苏高考，34)Not until recently ________ the development of tourist －related activities in the rural areas.A．they had encouragedB．had they encouragedC．did they encourageD．they encouragedC[考查倒装语序和时态。
句意：直到近来他们才鼓励农村地区旅游相关活动的发展。
not until...位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装；encourage表示的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。
注意不要受到recently的影响而误选B项。
] 2．(2016·天津高考，13)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.A．who B．whichC．where D．thatD[考查强调句型的判定。
句意：你等错地方了。
长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。
从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分。
强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉后，句子意思依然清楚，结构依然完整。
经判断，“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整，句意明确，故本句是强调句。
因强调的内容是地点，故空格处应填that。
]3．(2015·天津高考，3)Only when Lily walked into the office ________ that she had left the contract at home.A．she realized B．has she realizedC．she has realized D．did she realizeD[本题考查部分倒装。
江苏专版高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题2完形填空技法6利用词法和句法结构解题讲练
技法6|利用词法和句法结构解题完形填空会有个别设空是考查在语境中灵活运用所学语法和句法结构的能力，辨析同义词、近义词的能力。
正确分析句子的语法成分和结构，具备扎实的词汇基础知识是解题的关键。
[典例1] （2015 •全国卷I ）When we handed him the bag of 52.food , he lit up and thanked us with__53__eyes.When I handed him the gift card , saying he could use itfor__54__his family might need , he burst into tears.53. A.sleepy B. wateryC. curiousD. sharp54. A.whoever B. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever解析：53题考查词义辨析。
四个词都可以修饰eyes，但通过thanked我们可推知应是感动得眼睛湿润(watery) 了，故选B。
54题考查句法结构，介词for后面为宾语从句，引导词引导宾语从句且在从句中作need的宾语，应用代词whatever，故选B。
[典例2] (2015 -天津高考)We fin ally did and it was 20.love at first sight.Itwas Our Home small and charming , overlooking a quiet lake.Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners , a nice elderly couple , we felt the warmth and __21 ___________of the marriage with in that home.As perfect as it was , the price rema ined too highfor us.But every day , we would sit by the lake ,looking at the house and dreamingof __22__ it would be like to live there.21. A.prideB. happ in essC. challengeD. desire22. A.whichB. whyC. thatD. what解析：21题考查词义辨析。
(江苏专版)高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题3阅读理解类型1广告宣传课件
57．What do students need to do before completing e－Learning courses? A．To learn information technology on－line. B．To do their assignments independently. C．To update their mobile devices regularly. D．To talk face to face with their teachers.
第二页，共34页。
(2016·江苏高考·A) －Learning：An Alternative Learning Opportunity Day School Program
Secondary students across Toronto District School Board (TDSB) are invited to take one or two e－Learning courses on their day school timetable.Students will remain on the roll at their day school.
第五页，共34页。
Is e－Learning for You? Students who are successful in an on－line course are usually：
able to plan，organize time and complete assignments and activities； capable of working independently in a responsible and honest manner；and， able to regularly use a computer or mobile device with internet access. Students need to spend at least as much time with their on－line course work as they would in a face－to－face classroom course.
高考英语(江苏专版)二轮复习与策略讲练：第1部分 专题4 把握三个复习着手点
把握三个复习着手点学生在做任务型阅读时常遇到的困难是：难以理解文章结构与图表；难以用适当的单词或单词的适当形式填空；不会概括；方法不当，信心不足等。
因此，在备考复习时要有的放矢地进行训练，特别要在以下几个方面注意积累经验。
1．学会查读(1)带着问题有意识地在细节处和关键处做标记；(2)留意最醒目的字眼(time，age，number，place...)；(3)依据信息词搜索所需要的内容。
如：①5W＋H：who，what，when，where，why，how；②时间先后：first，then，after that，next，finally；③因果：because，thus，lead to，caused by，as a result of；④比较：similarly，differently，like，unlike，but，while，however，instead，on the contrary。
2．学会组织、表述信息(1)用名词所有格代替of。
如：the citizens' longer living代替the longer living of the citizens(2)词性转换。
如：原文：Taking a gap year and going to university offer valuable experience in similar ways...转换成表格中：Similarities between taking a gap year and going to university...(3)句子结构转换。
如：原文：One likely development will be a gradual change in the family unit；the other likely development will be a change in the proportion of the nation's workforce.转换成三个词以内的名词短语：family unit change；workforce proportion change(注意抓住句子中传达主要信息的关键词)(4)另选其他词来释义。
2020江苏专版高考英语二轮复习讲义：专题1 语法知识 第二节
第二节动词的时态与语态和主谓一致能力要求1.熟练掌握各种动词时态和语态的基本用法。
2.近年来高考试题对动词时态和语态考查的要求越来越高，大部分试题趋向于情境化、实际化。
这需要学生改变过去一味死记硬背语法规则的条条框框的做法，不要被题中所给的时间状语干扰和迷惑，要捕捉有效信息、充分理解情境并综合运用所学知识灵活答题。
解题指导1.认真阅读题干，仔细分析句子结构，准确理解语境。
2.如果既考语态又考时态，往往可以先确定语态，然后再确定时态。
关注标志词，但要吃透语境，摸清命题人的意图，善于捕捉句子所隐含的时间信息。
备考知识1.掌握动词的各种时态及相应的结构和用法。
2.掌握动词语态的基本用法和构成结构。
两种失分率最高的设题方式1.题干给出了时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根据时间状语进行选择。
2.题干中的有效信息比较隐蔽，很多考题不会直接提供时间状语，很多情况下没有被动语态的标志词by，而是需要通过上下文语境来进行判断。
特殊用法1.英语中有很多动词，如break，catch，clean，drive，look，open，sell，read，write，wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语的特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物；在这种情况下，常常和easily，well等副词连用。
2.表示感受、感官的系动词feel，sound，taste，look等后跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，无被动形式。
3.在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
4.be to rent/blame 也属于主动形式表被动意义。
5.在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
高考英语江苏专版二轮专题复习三维课件：专题一+语法+板块一+第二讲+形容词、副词和介词(短语)
几个常见表示程度的副词与其他词的位置关系
a very/fairly good book quite a good book so/that good a book＝such a good book
too difficult a task I make $2， 000 a week. 60 surely won't make that big a difference to me.四川高考 我一周挣 2 000 美元，60 美元对我而言当然没有那么大的影响。
第二讲
形容词、副词和介词(短语)
1．(2017·江苏高考)Only five years after Steve Jobs' death,
smartphones defeated ________ PCs in sales.
A．controversial
B．contradictory
C．confidential
valuable (有价值的)
②generous (慷慨的)
curious (好奇的)
obvious (明显的)
conscious (清醒的；有知觉的)
2．“无关联”词的词义辨析。如：
①awful (可怕的)
essential (必要的)
impressive (印象深刻的)
convenient (便利的，方便的)
appointment. —I'm sorry, but he is not ________ at the moment, for
the meeting hasn't ended.
A．busy
B．active
C．concerned
D．available
2020江苏专版高考英语二轮复习讲义：专题1语法知识第一节
in HI作为语法知识考查形式的单项填空是高考英语试卷的第一道题，如果能轻松拿下，就能带着一份明快的心情向后面的试题进发；如果在此卡壳，将直接影响后面的发挥。
所以，精心备考单项填空十分重要。
年份冠词名词代词形容词与副词数词和主谓一致介词与介词短语动词从句特殊句式交际用语动词与动词短语情态动词与虚拟语气时态与语态非谓语动词疋语从句名词性从句连词与状语从句2019 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2018 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2017 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2【考纲要求】1. 夯实基础，回顾、梳理基础语法和词汇知识的应用；2. 熟练掌握词法、句法、惯用法、交际用语、词语辨析等；3•注重固定短语的积累，将短语进行整合。
【命题特点】1. 继续秉承“强调基础、注重能力”的命题理念，语境清晰，题干简洁，话题时尚，基本涵盖学过的词法知识和语法现象，主要考查了考生对名词、动词、形容词、介词、连词、时态和语态、三大从句、非谓语动词、动词短语、情景交际等知识点的掌握情况。
题干语境信息丰富，注重在真实语境中语言的得体性考查。
词汇题只要词汇量过关基本不会失分。
尽管语法对考生的语言理解及运用能力要求越来越高，但落脚点基本在主干语法的基本用法上，没有偏题怪题，强调语法的表意功能，考生容易上手。
2. 在题干的话题方面，时效性很强，注重情景设置的多样性和真实性。
比如19年单项填空的题干选材紧紧围绕“国家形象、职业发展、5G运用、医患关系、清洁能源、环境问题、健康生活、文化交流”等具体社会情境，强调问题情境的真实性，考查内容的基础性，考查学生专题一语法知识in HI在情境中运用英语理解和表达意义的能力。
在功能意念方面，包括了表达观点、提出建议、陈述事实等。
这种丰富、真实的情景有利于考查考生在多种情境中的综合运用语言能力。
【备考策略丨1. 日积月累，厚积薄发单项填空题要识记的词法和语法项目包括：名词词义辨析；动词短语词义辨析；介词短语词义辨析；短句和谚语的意义等。
年高考英语(江苏版)一轮配套课件：专题八 特殊句式
的主谓不需要倒装。另外,though也可以有此用法。
Tired as/though he was,he still went on with his work. (表语的倒装)
尽管很累,他还是继续工作。
Boy as he was, he behaved like a girl. (表语的倒装)
座高高的纪念碑。
With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei,
a business development consultant.(牛津必5,二)
和我一起的是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展顾问钱利伟先生。
13、He who seize the right moment, is the right man.谁把握机遇，谁就心想事成。2021/7/232021/7/232021/7/232021/7/237/23/2021
• 14、谁要是自己还没有发展培养和教育好，他就不能发展培养和教育别人。2021年7月23日星期五2021/7/232021/7/232021/7/23
下雨了,伞撑起来了。
Then followed three days of heavy rain.
接下来下了三天大雨。
Out rushed the children laughing loudly.
孩子们大笑着冲了出去。
In the centre of the square stands a high monument.在广场中心矗立着一
What an interesting talk they had!
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第八讲特殊句式1．(2016·江苏高考，34)Not until recently ________ the development of tourist －related activities in the rural areas.A．they had encouragedB．had they encouragedC．did they encourageD．they encouragedC[考查倒装语序和时态。
句意：直到近来他们才鼓励农村地区旅游相关活动的发展。
not until...位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装；encourage表示的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。
注意不要受到recently的影响而误选B项。
] 2．(2016·天津高考，13)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.A．who B．whichC．where D．thatD[考查强调句型的判定。
句意：你等错地方了。
长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。
从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分。
强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉后，句子意思依然清楚，结构依然完整。
经判断，“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整，句意明确，故本句是强调句。
因强调的内容是地点，故空格处应填that。
]3．(2015·天津高考，3)Only when Lily walked into the office ________ that she had left the contract at home.A．she realized B．has she realizedC．she has realized D．did she realizeD[本题考查部分倒装。
句意：直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。
“only＋状语从句”位于句首表示强调时，主句用部分倒装语序。
由walked可知此处用一般过去时。
故选did she realize。
]4．(2015·重庆高考，9)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century ________his musical gift was fully recognized.A．while B．thoughC．that D．afterC[本题考查强调句型。
巴赫于1750年去世，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全承认。
it is/was...that...是强调句型，本题被强调部分是时间状语not until the early 19th century。
]5．(2015·湖南高考，21)It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.A．which B．thatC．where D．howB[本题考查强调句型的判定。
句意：是我们快要回家的时候，我才意识到了帮助有困难的人感觉多么美妙！强调句型的基本结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分．”。
若将It is/was与that/who去掉，句子成分仍然完整，那么该句就是强调句。
经判断，When we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.句子成分完整，由此可以断定本句是强调句，空格处应用that。
]【导学号：57732014】6．(2015·北京高考，31)If ________ for the job, you'll be informed soon.A．to accept B．acceptC．accepting D．acceptedD[本题考查非谓语动词。
句意：如果你获得录用做这份工作，你很快就会接到通知。
句中you与accept之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，所以答案为D。
本题中if之后省略了主语和be动词，补充完整为：If you are accepted for the job, you'll be informed soon.]7．(2015·湖南高考，24)Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.A．to leave B．leavingC．leave D．leftD[本题考查非谓语动词。
句意：如果落在不合适的人的手中，电子游戏就会有一个很坏的影响。
leave的逻辑主语是video games，主语video games与leave 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。
if left...是“连词＋过去分词”构成的状语从句的省略。
]8．(2015·湖南高考，23)Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.A．I did discover B．did I discoverC．I discovered D．discovered IB[本题考查部分倒装。
句意：直到跟两个学生谈了话以后我才发现，有强烈的动机是达到目标的最重要的因素之一。
only修饰after引导的时间状语，且位于句首，故句子需用部分倒装语序。
]9．(2015·湖南高考，27)It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years to achieve.A．is；takes B．are；takesC．are；take D．is；takeA[本题考查主谓一致。
句意：重要的是要记住，成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和，它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现。
此处success是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。
]10．(2014·福建高考，28)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely，________，reaching 30℃in summer.A．if not B．if everC．if any D．if soB[本题考查省略句。
句意：这里的气候宜人，________，在夏季气温极少达到30摄氏度。
if not如果不；if ever如果曾经有，如果曾经发生；if any如果有的话；if so如果是这样的话。
根据句中的关键词quite pleasant(宜人)，rarely(极少)可知，空格处表达的意思是“如果曾经有(if ever)”。
if ever相当于if it(the temperature) ever reached 30℃ in summer。
]一、强调句1．强调句型强调句型由“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”构成，可以用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语；被强调部分是指人的名词或代词时用who和that均可，其他情况一律用that。
(1)强调句的一般疑问句式Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...?Was it yesterday that you met your old friend in the supermarket?(2)强调句的特殊疑问句式特殊疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that/who...?Why was it that you didn't attend the meeting?What was it that made her so upset?(3)对not...until...进行强调It is/was＋not until...＋that...It was not until I failed in the exams that I realizedI had not studied hard.2．使用助动词do(does，did)强调强调句子谓语动词时，将助动词do(does，did)置于动词原形之前，用来加强语气。
Do be careful!He does enjoy drawing.二、倒装句1．部分倒装部分倒装指的是只将be动词、助动词和情态动词提到主语前面。
(1)表示否定意义的词或短语置于句首时句子用部分倒装。
常见的这类词或短语有not，never，hardly，seldom，rarely，by no means，in no way，in no case，at no time等。
Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.At no time should you touch it or get it hurt.(2)not only...but(also)．..连接两个分句，not only置于句首时，前一个分句用部分倒装。
Not only do I enjoy less spare time, but I find myself even busier than before.(3)在no sooner...than...hardly (scarcely)．..when...结构中，no sooner/hardly(scarcely)置于句首时，主句部分用部分倒装，且用过去完成时，than/when后的句子用一般过去时。
Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him.No sooner had she seen him than she smiled.(4)在not...until...结构中，当not until...置于句首时，主句/句子用部分倒装。
Not until then did he know he lost his way.Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(5)only强调状语置于句首时，主句/句子用部分倒装。