The Culture of the United States
中国和美国之间的文化差异英语作文
中国和美国之间的文化差异英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Cultural Differences Between China and the United StatesIntroductionChina and the United States are two of the world's biggest economic powers with rich cultural heritages. However, they have stark differences in their culture, traditions, customs, and behavior patterns. In this essay, we will explore the cultural differences between these two nations and how they impact various aspects of their societies.1. Individualism vs. CollectivismOne of the biggest cultural differences between China and the United States is the concept of individualism vs. collectivism. In the United States, individualism is highly valued, and people are encouraged to express their opinions, stand out from the crowd, and pursue their personal goals. On the other hand, China is a collectivist society where the needs of the group are prioritized over individual desires. People in China are expectedto adhere to social norms, maintain harmony within the community, and show respect to authority figures.2. Communication StylesChinese communication style is often indirect and implicit, with people using subtle gestures, facial expressions, and body language to convey their messages. In contrast, Americans tend to be more direct, explicit, and assertive in their communication. They value clarity, transparency, and openness in their interactions, and are more likely to express their thoughts and feelings without hesitation.3. Work EthicAnother significant difference between China and the United States is their work ethic. Chinese people are known for their strong work ethic, dedication, and perseverance. They often work long hours, prioritize career advancement, and are willing to make personal sacrifices for the success of their organization. On the other hand, Americans value work-life balance, prioritize leisure time, and are more likely to switch jobs for better opportunities or personal fulfillment.4. Family ValuesIn China, family is the cornerstone of society, and filial piety is deeply ingrained in the culture. Children are expected to obey their parents, take care of them in old age, and uphold family honor and traditions. In contrast, American families tend to be more nuclear and individualistic, with parents encouraging their children to be independent, pursue their dreams, and make their own choices in life.5. Food and Dining EtiquetteChinese cuisine is famous for its diversity, flavors, and regional specialties. Dining in China is a communal and social activity where people share dishes, use chopsticks, and show respect to the host and elders at the table. In contrast, American cuisine is more casual, with a focus on convenience, fast food, and large portion sizes. Dining in the United States is often informal, with people using forks, knives, and their hands to eat, and paying separately for their meals.ConclusionIn conclusion, the cultural differences between China and the United States are vast and profound, impacting various aspects of their societies. While both nations have their unique strengths and values, it is essential to understand and appreciate these differences to foster mutual understanding, respect, andcooperation between them. By embracing cultural diversity and learning from each other, China and the United States can build stronger relationships and create a more harmonious world for future generations.篇2Cultural Differences Between China and the United StatesChina and the United States are two major global powers that have significant cultural differences. These differences can be seen in various aspects of life such as communication style, social interactions, work ethic, and values. Understanding these differences is crucial for people from both countries to bridge the gap and build strong relationships.One of the most noticeable cultural differences between China and the United States is their communication style. In China, communication tends to be more indirect, and people often use nonverbal cues to convey their messages. On the other hand, Americans tend to be more direct and explicit in their communication, preferring clear and straightforward language. This difference can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts if not acknowledged and addressed.Social interactions also differ between the two countries. In China, relationships are based on hierarchy and respect for authority. People tend to value group harmony over individual autonomy and will often sacrifice their own needs for the greater good. In contrast, Americans value individuality and independence, placing a high importance on personal freedom and self-expression. This difference can lead to cultural clashes, especially in collaborative work environments or social settings.Work ethic is another area where China and the United States have distinct cultural differences. In China, there is a strong emphasis on hard work, discipline, and dedication to one's job. People are expected to put in long hours and show loyalty to their employers. On the other hand, Americans value work-life balance and prioritize personal time and leisure activities. This difference can lead to misunderstandings in the workplace, with Chinese employees viewing American counterparts as lazy or uncommitted, while Americans might see Chinese colleagues as workaholics.Values also play a significant role in shaping cultural differences between China and the United States. Chinese culture places a high value on tradition, family, and community harmony. People are expected to adhere to social norms andmaintain strong relationships with their family and community. In contrast, American culture values individualism, innovation, and diversity. People are encouraged to think independently, challenge norms, and pursue their own goals and ambitions. This contrast in values can create tensions in cross-cultural interactions, as each side may have different expectations and priorities.Despite these cultural differences, both China and the United States have much to offer each other in terms of collaboration, innovation, and mutual understanding. By acknowledging and respecting each other's cultural differences, people from both countries can build strong relationships and find common ground. Cultural exchange programs, intercultural training, and cross-cultural communication skills can help bridge the gap and foster positive interactions between Chinese and American individuals and businesses.In conclusion, the cultural differences between China and the United States are significant and can present challenges in cross-cultural interactions. By understanding and respecting each other's communication style, social interactions, work ethic, and values, people from both countries can build strong relationships and foster mutual understanding. Embracingdiversity and promoting cultural awareness are key steps towards bridging the gap and building a more connected and inclusive global community.篇3Cultural Differences Between China and the United StatesCultural differences between China and the United States are vast and deeply rooted in history, values, beliefs, and societal norms. These differences shape the way people from each country think, behave, and interact with one another. Understanding these differences can help individuals navigate cross-cultural interactions more effectively and respectfully.One of the most noticeable differences between Chinese and American culture is the concept of collectivism versus individualism. China is a collectivist society, valuing harmony within the group and prioritizing the needs of the community over individual desires. In contrast, the United States is an individualist society, placing emphasis on personal freedom, independence, and self-expression.This difference in cultural values can be seen in various aspects of daily life. For example, Chinese people tend to make decisions based on what is best for the group, while Americansare more likely to consider their own needs and desires. In business settings, Chinese employees may be more inclined to seek consensus and avoid conflict, while American workers may be more assertive and competitive.Another key cultural difference between China and the United States is the concept of face. In Chinese culture, face, or mianzi, refers to one's reputation, social status, and dignity. Saving face, or maintaining one's honor and pride, is of utmost importance in Chinese society. In contrast, Americans value direct communication, honesty, and transparency, even if it means risking embarrassment or confrontation.This difference in the importance of face can lead to misunderstandings and miscommunication in cross-cultural interactions. Chinese individuals may be more indirect in their communication and decision-making to avoid causing offense or losing face, while Americans may perceive this indirectness as dishonesty or insincerity.Additionally, the role of hierarchy and authority differs between Chinese and American culture. In China, respect for authority figures, such as elders and leaders, is deeply ingrained in society. Showing deference and obedience to those in positions of power is expected and valued. In the United States,however, there is a greater emphasis on equality, individual rights, and challenging authority when necessary.These cultural differences can impact various aspects of communication, decision-making, and collaboration incross-cultural settings. Understanding and respecting these differences can foster more effective and harmonious relationships between individuals from China and the United States.In conclusion, the cultural differences between China and the United States are vast and complex, encompassing values, beliefs, social norms, and communication styles. By recognizing and respecting these differences, individuals from both countries can navigate cross-cultural interactions with greater empathy, understanding, and mutual respect. Embracing diversity and cultural differences can lead to more enriching and meaningful relationships between people from different backgrounds.。
美国的文化英语作文
美国的文化英语作文American Culture and English。
The United States is a country known for its rich and diverse culture, and the English language plays a crucial role in shaping American culture. As the most widely spoken language in the country, English has become an essential part of American identity and has influenced various aspects of American life, including literature, music, and popular culture.One of the most significant contributions of the English language to American culture is in the field of literature. American literature has produced some of the most influential and celebrated works in the English language, including the works of Mark Twain, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Toni Morrison. These authors have used the English language to capture the essence of American life and culture, and their works continue to be studied and celebrated around the world.In addition to literature, the English language has also played a crucial role in shaping American music. From the blues and jazz to rock and hip-hop, American music has been heavily influenced by the English language. Many of the most iconic and influential songs in American music history are written and performed in English, and the language has become synonymous with the American music scene.Furthermore, the English language has also had a significant impact on American popular culture. From Hollywood movies to television shows and social media, the English language is the dominant language in American popular culture. Many of the most popular and influential cultural products in the United States are produced and consumed in English, and the language has become an essential tool for expressing and understanding American culture.Moreover, the English language has also played a crucial role in shaping the American education system.English is the primary language of instruction in American schools, and proficiency in the language is often seen as a key indicator of academic success. As a result, the English language has become a central part of the American education system and has influenced the way in which students learn and engage with the world around them.In conclusion, the English language has played acrucial role in shaping American culture in various ways. From literature and music to popular culture and education, the English language has become an essential part of American identity and has influenced the way in which Americans express themselves and engage with the world. As a result, the English language continues to be a powerful force in shaping American culture and will continue to play a crucial role in the country's cultural development in the years to come.。
全英文美国介绍
Culture
Cuisine in the US is diverse and influenced by many immigrant groups. American cuisine has evolved over centuries, incorporating ingredients and cooking techniques from around the world. Iconic American dishes include hamburgers, hot dogs, pizza, macaroni and cheese, and barbecue. Jazz, blues, rock 'n' roll, and country music are amon
Government and Society
-
谢谢观看
XXXXX
XXXXXX XXXXX
3 Culture
小学生写美国的英文小作文
小学生写美国的英文小作文英文，Hi, my name is Lily and I am a primary school student. Today, I am going to write a short essay about the United States. The United States is a big country located in North America. It is famous for its diverse culture, beautiful landscapes, and advanced technology.中文，嗨，我叫Lily，是一名小学生。
今天，我要写一篇关于美国的短文。
美国是一个位于北美洲的大国，以其多元文化、美丽的风景和先进的技术而闻名。
英文，One of the things I find interesting about the United States is its melting pot culture. People from all over the world come to live in the United States and bring their own customs and traditions with them. This has led to a unique blend of cultures that can be seen in the food, music, and art of the United States.中文，我觉得美国最有趣的一点就是它的大熔炉文化。
来自世界各地的人们来到美国生活，并带来了自己的习俗和传统。
这导致了一种独特的文化融合，可以在美国的食物、音乐和艺术中看到。
英文，Another thing I like about the United States is the natural beauty of the country. From the Grand Canyon to the beaches of Hawaii, there are so many amazing places to visit. I hope to one day visit all of them and see the beauty of the United States with my own eyes.中文，我喜欢美国的另一件事就是它的自然美景。
(完整版)英文跨文化沟通复习资料
1.The importance of learning about culture1.Understanding foreign cultures is not only important for companies that operate in more than one global area and market internationally. It is just important for organizations at home that employ workers from more than one culture.2.Understanding culture is also important for individuals who work in the global workplace.3.the two important reasons for understanding culture are to learn how others make sense of（搞清.的意思）their environment, and to prevent mistakes and miscommunications.2. 对待差异的态度（Responding to Different Cultures）：1.hostility (敌对) to difference 2.Curiosity about difference3.Denying difference: Assumptions of superiority(优越); Ethnocertrism(民族中心论); Assumptions of universality4.cooperating with difference3. Minimize and prevent mistakes across cultures:1.Knowledge about one’s own culture, with this, knowledge about another culture is easier to learn.2.motivation, the drive to know and to use the knowledge.3.implementing（贯彻）knowledge, and behaving in a way that makes sense in the other culture, the one in which you want to do business.4. culture is the coherent, , shared view of a group of people about life’s concerns, expressed in symbols and activities, that ranks what is important, furnishes（提供）attitudes about what things are appropriate, and dictates behavior.5.文化三特征:1Coherent:each culture, past or present, is coherent and complete within itself—an entire view of the universe2.Learned:culture is not something we born with3.The view of a group of people:is shared by a society.三功能：1.Ranks what is important: teaches values or priorities.2.Furnishes Attitudes:attitudes are based on beliefs as well as on values.3 Dictates how to behave:behavior comes directly from attitudes about how significant something is –how it is valued.6.Onstage and backstage:Onstage culture is the behavior we display,it is easy to change.(interchangeable)Backstage culture is not so visible, it is difficult to change.(the essence of people’s culture)7.Transaction culture:a transaction culture exists when interactants respond to cultural cues and modify their own behavior, creating-or co-creating—a new, temporary culture.(调整行为，适应对方or共同产生新行为) The amount of adjusted behavior depends on several factors:1 their level of knowledge about the other culture2 their willingness to experiment with new behaviors and attitudes 3their previous experience with successful intercultural interactions.8.Culture shock:Culture shock is the sense of dislocation（转位）and the problems-psychological and even physical-that result from the stress of trying to make the hundreds of adjustments necessary for living in a foreign culture.7.Transaction culture四个阶段:1. Experiencing a new culture is usually euphoria(欣快)2.Downturn as disillusionment(幻灭)and frustration(沮丧)arise3.adjustment4.integration(融合)Euphoria: everything about the exciting new adventure is wonderful—no longer two weeks.The second stage is a downturn as disillusionment and frustration arise. It is a feeling of not being in step with the members of the culture.Adjustment.---as the sojourner（寄居者）learns more about the backstage culture and how the other culture works, he or she is able to cooperate more effectively with members of the host culture. the fourth stage, integration, occurs when a sojourner becomes fluent enough in the other culture to move easily within it and not be thrown by the different attitudes, beliefs, and values, and the behaviors they generate.Reverse culture shock: a similar adjustment period with its accompanying symptoms usually occurs when a sojourner returnsa9.Self-knowledge and understanding one’s own culture: Having a good understanding of one’s own culture is the best foundation for developing the ability to understand the communication behavior of people from other cultures. To achieve it---Mental representation: use mental categories that hold information items grouped together.10.Mental Representation三个心里表征：prejudice（racism，ageism）;bias; discrimination11. Prejudice generalizations that are based on limited knowledge, and that express an evaluation-usually negative-are prejudices.Bias a bias for something is really nothing more than a preference. A bias against something is a negative attitude that ranks it lowDiscrimination when biases or prejudices are acted on, the actor is showing discrimination. Discrimination is the act of sifting（过滤）out and selecting according to bias toward something or someone, and treating them differently.12. Are cultures merging into one global culture? (文化定义；onstage，backstage)13. Approaches to studying cultures:1.focus on a culture as a whole (emic studies一个文化不同层面, etic studies多种文化的共性)2 focus on individual(individuals may have any number of experiences, personal insights, personal goals, interests and expectations that are part of their idetities.14. Emic studiesStudies that concentrate on one culture alone are called emic studies.Etic studiesStudies that look for factors that exist in more than one culture are called etic studies.Cultural generalizationsStudies about whole culture give us conclusions that are generalizations about the culture.15. Cultural dimensionsCharacteristics that could be the basis of comparisons from culture to culture is called cultural dimensions.16. Stereotypes: Stereotyping means using oversimplified generalizations to understand people1stereotypes are fixed, firm, inflexible mental categories2prototypes（原型）are the original concepts or models for something.3nor are all stereotypes bad, some are positive.17. Self-identity: identity is as sth formed in part by the self and in part by group membership.Self-concept can be formed in three general ways.①Social Psychology---experience.②Communication---core symbols, labels and norms.③Critical---social contexts (history, economics, polities, public discourse).18. Self-construal(自我建构) is how we see ourselves in relation to others, with regard to feelings, thoughts, and behavior. In general, western culture have an independent self-construal, and eastern cultures have an interdependent（相互依赖的）self-construal.19. Individualism values individual achievements, failures, and rights over the collective.Collectivism values the group above the individual, and individuals have a responsibility to the group that supersedes（取代）individual needs or rights.20. 文化维度1.语境：a.高High-context cultures rely on the context, either the actual physical environment of communication or an internalized（内在化的）social context, or both, to convey a large part or even all of a message’s meaning. It is elliptical省略的，indirect，allusive（暗指的）.低:Low-context cultures entrust（委托）the meaning almost entire the words.it is explicit，direct, completely.2.集体个人a.定义b集体-关系导向型，个人-结果导向型c. A characteristic of individualist culture is competitiveness; the corresponding value in collectivist cultures is cooperation.Collectivism: relationships, old, permanent, public, high power distance (hierarchical), high-context culture, hide emotion, cooperation, harmony, dependence.Individualism:results, youth, temporary, private, low power distance (horizontal), low-context culture, express Emotion, competitiveness, independence.3.权力距离：Power distance is the degree to which less-powerful members of an organization tolerate unequal distribution of power, say, between managers and employees.cultures with a smaller power distance are more horizontal, less hierarchical, and less authoritarian than are cultures with a high power distance.Cultures with high power distance are inequality in power, less horizontal, more hierarchical, and more authoritarian.21. High-context cultures: value relationships, teamwork, and long-term group membership. It rely on subjective information that is internalized (elliptical, indirect, allusive).Low-context cultures: value independent decisions, activity that achieves goals, and individual accountability (explicit, direct, completely).22. High culture refers to those cultural activities that are often the domain of the elite or well-to-do :ballet, sumphony, opera, great literature, and fine art. International; timeless; transcendent(超然的);Low culture refers to the activities of the nonelite: music videos, game shows, professional wrestling, stock car racing, graffiti art, tv talk shows, and so on.23. Where can information about cultures be found: 1. ask people who are members of the culture you want to understand. 2. Another good source may be someone who has spent considerable time in that culture but is not a native member of it.3. You can inquire(询问) into a culture by reading fiction from that culture.4. find out what people of a culture say about themselves. rmation about cultures also comes from studies by anthropologists who research cultures in the field, going to live among the members of the culture they want to understand.24. Does Knowing Come from Concepts or Experience:1.knowing by secondhand information from a reliable source.2.in English-speaking or European cultures, abstract（提取）concepts philosophy arguments reaching back in history.3.knowing and being wise come with age 4.intuition(知觉),meditation（冥想）25. Does Learning Come from Asking Questions or Mastering Received Wisdom:1.In the United States ,students who ask questions are rewarded.2. In many cultures in Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and Southern Europe, learning means receiving and taking in what is given by teachers.26. Does Knowledge Have Limits:the more you learn, the less you know. E.g. nonscientists who have faith in what science can achieve27. How Do People Reason:1.Western cultures primarily（首先）use a cause-and-effect pattern of thinking.(Linear Logic); two opposite things cannot both be true. 2. Other cultures use other patterns. (Spiral Logic)a. In Asian: thinking is linkage; the opposites co-exist28. Is Doing Important or Is Being Important:1.Doing: western cultures: activity-oriented, peace of life, crowded agendas（日程）. 2.Being: stillness, collectedness, serenity（平静）, silence(members of doing cultures view silence as waste, members of cultures that value being also often value silence).29. Are Tasks Done Sequentially or Simultaneously：1. performing tasks one-by-one in a sequence 误解disorganized 2. performing multiple tasks simultaneously 误解；inflexible30. Do Results or Relationships Take Priority1.Individulism:a.cause-and-effect,goals-oriented,to make progress （进步）. b. identify goals and work toward them c. Strategy to achievement. d. measure how close you have come 2.collectivism:a.relationship-oriented b.Value the relationship as a means to an end.31. Is Uncertainty(不确定性) Avoided or Tolerated:1.uncertainty-averse:Doing：avoid uncertainty, strive toprotect themselves from the unknown 2.uncertaimty-tolerant:Being, tolerant uncertainty; be more open to accepting the unexcepted.32. Is Luck an Essential Factor or an Irrelevance:1. Luck is irrelevant, in cultures that think in cause-and-effect patterns and that value results, planning—not luck—is the key to success. 2. In some cultures, luck or fate or destiny plays a large part, peoples role in achieving success has less effect than forces outside themselves.33. Are Rules to Be Followed or Bent: 1. Followed: neat，predictable behavior, uncertain avoidance（逃避）. 2. Bent: flexibility to meet human needs; uncertain（无常的）tolerance.34. Is Change Positive or Negative:1.The culture of the United States thinks of change as desirable and positive. New means better.2.Traditionally, agrarian cultures typically view change is negative. It means disruption（破坏）to the established patterns of life.35. Is Death the End of Life or Part of Life: Some cultures view death as the end of life, a quenching（熄灭）of the light. It is dreaded（令人畏惧的）. Some cultures view death as another phase in life, a necessary step in the pattern of life. It is accepted.简36. Relationship between Language and culture:1. culture and language are intertwined(缠绕的) and shape each other. It is impossible to separate the two.2.All languages have social questions and information questions.3. Language reflects the environment in which we live; language reflects cultural values; Sometimes different cultures use identical words that have rather different meanings.37. 不重视语言的问题1.Acronyms(首字母缩略词)2.implication of the language barrier. (字同音不同，异国异含义)38. Selection of the right language: 1. Linguistic Considerations 2. Business Considerations 3. Political Considerations 4. The Appropriate Level of Fluency39. Communication with nonnative speakers: Effective Face-to-Face Communication： a.enunciate b. speak slowly c. Avoid Slang and Colloquialisms（白话）d. Be Careful about Jokes. e. Be Sincere g. Be Culturally Sensitiveh. Keep a Sense of Humor40. Effective Written Communication a. Use Plenty of White Space b. Use Correct Titles and Spellings of Namesc.Understand Patterns of Organizationd. Use Headingse. Be Careful with Numbersf. Be Careful with Datesg. Avoid Abbreviationsh. Follow the Conventions of Written Communication41.技术对沟通的影响：1.telephone；2.skype 3. Email,texting and twitters42. 非语言交流影响因素：1. Cultural background 2.socialeconomic background 3. Education4. Gender 5. Age 6. Personal preferences and idiosyncrasies（特质）43. Paralanguage 1.vocal qualifiers: The term vocal qualifiers refers to volume（音量）, pitch（音高）, and the overall intonation（声调）or melody（旋律）of the spoken word.2.vocalization: All cultures use nonword noises such as ahem, um, er, sucking in one’s breath, and clicking one’s tongue.44. Nonverbal business conventions：1.eye contact （a sign of honesty/privacy）2. Facial expression（不同文化频率frequency强度intensity不同a. smiling (indicate joy, embarrassment or avoid embarrassment.)b.showing anger(milder form-frowning; hide anger) 3.gesture(head/arm movements; posture) 4.timing in spoken exchanges(an environment that emphasizes equality; seniority and hierarchy;the role of men.)5.touching(people from low-context cultures tend to be feel crowded by people from high-context cultures, and people from high-context cultures feel left out and rejected by people from low-context cultures. 6. The language of space (private/ office/ public space)7.Appearance（a.不同国家穿衣风格不同b.in most cultures, dress also identifies a person as belonging to a specific group and having a certain status.）8.Silence:(高语境文化更倾向于使用沉默，低语境：silence often is interpreted as the absence of communication)45. Signals of respect: it can be different from culture to culture, and it may take some time to learn what isexcepted behavior. Positions of authority Dress as a symbol of authority46权威的象征：1.tone and nguage(indicator)3.Family and societal structures(indicator) Assertiveness(魄力) v.s Harmony.:1.standing up for one’s own rights(individualism,low power distance)2.Preserving harmony(collectivism,high power distance)47绩效的认可及奖励：1.monetary recognition 2.nonmonetary rewards48自我认同1.Self-identity—A Social Psychology Approach：（experiences）we can think about self-concept is that we build up our sense of self from childhood, based on experiences we have had that contribute to our sense of self. 2.Self-identity—A Communication Approach（communication）：Identities（身份）are communicated in core symbols, labels, and norms.49.Self-identity—A Critical Approach(social context): The critical approach to self-identity uses history, economics, politics, and public discourse.50 Age: Is Seniority Valued or Discounted: a. In cultures that value age, the older a businessperson is the more credibility he or she has. b. in youth-oriented cultures being young seems to mean having more choices, more power, more energy, and more freedom.51 Gender: Are Women Equals or Subordinates: a.In traditional cultures, the two facts are related. Child-bearing and child-nurturing are the main roles of women. b. management rolea52 Social organization :1 Group Membership: Temporary or Permanent: a. Individuals in the United States are members of many groups simultaneously; group membership is impermanent b. In other cultures, the responsibilities of membership come before rights; group membership is permanent, belonging starts with the family.53 three functions of group communication:1.Give and Save Face 2. Displaywhere individual responsibility, results, and privacy are valued, guilt is a potent way for a culture to enforce（实施）rules of behavior. b. In collectivist cultures where group membership, relationships, and public knowledge of one’s life are important, shame enforces the rules of conduct.)54 form: Important or Untrustworthy（靠不住的）: Behaving according to form means behaving correctly.55 Personal Matters: Private or Public: a. In Europe,as in Britain, Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, a person’s work life is kept fairly separate from private life.b. cultures that emphasize relationships, view group member-ship as long term, and value harmony have a blurred （模糊不清的）distinction（区别）between what is private and what is public (or at least what is “group”).56 Social Organizational Patterns: Horizontal or Hierarchical:1.monarchies(君主制): at one extremeare rigid（严格的）vertical levels in society,2.Democracies: movement between them is very limited; at the other extreme, society is horizontal and operates with few levels.57 Approach to Authority: Direct or Mediated:1. in many cultures, the approach to authority is indirect.2. In New Zealand, in which horizontality has priority, the approach to authority is direct.58 Communicating about problems: 1.in low-context cultures: direct 2.in high-context culture: indirect, put a high priority on keeping harmony, preventing anyone important from losing face, and nurturing relationship.59 Saying no:1.it is done with delay and indirectness in low-context cultures, the rationale（基本原理）is to explain why first. 2.it is more difficult for high-context culture, which is often saying yes.60 Gift giving; 1. in many cultures, it is appropriate to take small gifts when one is invited to enjoy hospitality（好客）. 2.the way people from different cultures express appreciation for hospitality varies. 3.the timing of greetings is also important61 Managing conflicts: conflict is a clash between people or between ideas that engages（吸引）people in a struggle against each other. 1. In individualist culture (result-oriented) people are responsible for theconsequence of their own individual activities.2. in collectivist culture(relationship-oriented):they value on relationship, problems are not an individual responsibility.解决方式peting2.collaborating（合作）promising4.avoiding5.accommodating（调节）62.Popular culture refers to those systems or artifacts that most people share and that most people know63 . it's produced by culture industries.it's differs from folk culture.it's everywhere.it's fills a social function.64It differs from folk culture.Popular culture: mass-producedand mass-marketed cultureFolk culture: more authentic "folk" culturea65 CollectivismThink about the family's welfare,reputation,and honor.Marriage and birth-giving, instead of personal affairs, are taken care by all the others in your group which basically is your family.66 IndividualismTakes the marriage as one's own business.Put yourself in the first place thinking of your own happiness, interests67 The concept of face.Concern for face probably appears in many cultures, but is seen as more salient（显著的）for the Chinese than for people from other cultures. Face in Chinese culture refers to one's moral character, a person's reputation or prestige（威望）. It is the positive social value that a person claims（主张）for himself by the line others assume he has taken during a particular.68 Chinese culture has three values: face (public esteem); a reciprocal（互惠的）network of connections with others; lasting membership in groups.69 Encoding(编码): the construction of textual meaning by popular culture institution—within specific social context. the process of creating messages for others to understand.70 Decoding: the interpretation of the text’s meaning by receivers— is performed by various audiences in different social contexts. Decoding is the process of interpreting a message.71 Sequentially(循序地) or simultaneously?Some cultures value one who works efficiently as one who accomplishes several things at once. Other cultures value a one-thing-at-a-time approach as the most efficient. 72 Do results or relationships taking priority?Relationship-oriented cultures tend to be collectivistic. The relationships that connect people in networks are more significant than the tasks people accomplish. Results-oriented cultures value the outcomes of actions, especially measurable outcomes, as what matters at work and in life.73 Is obligation a burden or a benefit? Collectivist cultures tend to see it as a benefit to nurturing relationships. Individualist cultures tend to see it as a burden to independence.74 Is social organization horizontal or hierarchical? The general pattern in society also is reflected in companies. Where hierarchy(等级制度) characterizes（具有.特质）the national or social culture, companies also will have a clearly defined corporate ladder（阶梯）. The levels are generally agreed upon by members of the collective. In horizontal（水平的）cultures, people can move from their birth level up or down as their individual achievements（业绩）and desires warrant. Mobility（移动性）depends on the accomplishments（成就）of individuals, although their families may partake of（分享）the new status.。
旅游英语-美国南部
分享一个免费试听课，名额有限，碰碰运气吧/test/xingzuo.html?tid=16-73675-0美联英语提供：Useful expressions体验旅游1.The culture of the Southern United States is a subculture of the United States.美国南部的文化是美国整个文化的一个分支。
2.It is perhaps the most distinct both in the minds of its residents and of people from other places.不管是在当地居民的心里，还是在其他人心里，或许这里的文化是最特殊的。
3.This place has nurtured an identify separate from the rest of America.这个地方孕育了一个与美国其他地方相异的特征。
4.This small mistake has led to a huge disaster.这么一点儿小错误就引起了巨大的灾难。
5.More than any other part of America, the South stands apart.跟美国其他地方相比，南部地区与众不同。
6.They are proud of their loyalty to the nation.他们为效忠祖国而骄傲。
7.T o be exact, their loyalty has transcended any other feelings.准确地讲，这种忠心超越了任何别的情感。
8.This feeling will be passed on by generations.这种情感会代代相传。
9.This society became stratified long time ago.这个社会很早就出现阶级分层了。
Culture of the United States美国文化
Culture of the United States The culture of the United States is primarily a Western culture, but is also influenced by Native American,African, Asian, Polynesian, and LatinAmerican cultures. American culture started its formation over 10,000 years ago with the migration of Paleo-Indians from Asia into the region that is today the continental United States. It has its own unique social and cultural characteristics suchas dialect, music, arts, social habits, cuisine, and folklore. TheUnited States of America is an ethnically and racially diverse country as a result of large-scale immigration from many different countries throughout its history.Its chief early European influences came fromEnglish, Scottish, Welsh and Irish settlers of colonial America duringBritishrule. British culture, due to colonial ties with Britain that spread the English language, legal system and other cultural inheritances, had a formative influence. Other important influences came from other parts of western Europe,especially Germany, France, and Italy.Original elements also play a strong role, such as the invention of Jeffersonian democracy. Thomas Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia was perhaps the first influential domestic cultural critique by an American and a reactionarypiece to the prevailing European consensus that America's domestic originalitywas degenerate. Prevalent ideas and ideals that evolved domestically, such as national holidays, uniquely American sports, military tradition, and innovations in the arts and entertainment give a strong sense of national pride among the population as a whole.American culture includes both conservative and liberal elements, scientific and religious competitiveness, political structures, risk taking and free expression, materialist and moral elements. Despite certain consistent ideological principles (e.g. individualism, egalitarianism, and faith in freedom and democracy), American culture has a variety of expressions due to its geographical scale and demographic diversity. The flexibility of U.S. culture and its highly symbolic nature lead some researchers tocategorize American culture as a mythic identity;] others see it as American exceptionalism.It also includes elements that evolved from Indigenous Americans, and other ethnic cultures—most prominently theculture of African Americans, cultures from Latin America, and Asian American cultures. Many American cultural elements, especially from popular culture, have spread across the globe through modern mass media.The United States has often been thought of as a melting pot, but beginning in the late 1990s and early 2000s, it trends towards cultural diversity, pluralismand the image of a salad bowl instead. Due to the extent of American culture, there are many integrated but unique social subcultures within the United States. The cultural affiliations an individual in the United States may have commonly depend on social class, political orientation and a multitude of demographic characteristics such as religious background, occupation and ethnic group membership.。
美国文化Culture of the United States
Culture of the United StatesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchThis article is about the high culture and popular culture of the United States. For customs and way of life, see Society of the United States.The development of the culture of the United States of America—music, cinema, dance, architecture, literature, poetry, cuisine and the visual arts— has been marked by a tension between two strong sources of inspiration: European sophistication and domestic originality.[citation needed]American music can be heard all over the world, such as through Channel V, VH1 and by singers such as Jimi Hendrix, Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson, Charlie Parker, Frank Sinatra, Miles Davis, BB King, The Doors and The Ramones; American films and television shows are also very popular[citation needed], including icons like Star Wars, The Godfather, Schindler's List, Titanic and The Matrix; American sports figures are widely known, such as Michael Jordan, Tiger Woods, Venus Williams, Mike Tyson, Muhammad Ali and Michael Johnson; and American movie actors and actresses are widely recognized such as Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, Brad Pitt, Marilyn Monroe, Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Cruise.[citation needed]This is in very stark contrast to the early days of the American republic, when the country was generally seen as an agricultural backwater with little to offer the culturally advanced world centers of Europe and Asia.[citationneeded] At the beginning of her third century, nearly every major American city offers classical and popular music; historical, scientific and art research centers and museums; dance performances, musicals and plays; outdoor art projects and internationally significant architecture.[citation needed] This development is a result of both contributions by private philanthropists and government funding.[citation needed][edit] LiteratureMain article: Literature of the United StatesIn the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, American art and literature took most of its cues from Europe. Writers such as Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, and Henry David Thoreau established a distinctive American literary voice by the middle of the nineteenth century.[citation needed]Mark Twain and poet Walt Whitman were major figures in the century's second half; Emily Dickinson, virtually unknown during her lifetime, would be recognized as America's other essential poet.[citation needed] Eleven U.S. citizens have won the Nobel Prize in Literature, most recently Toni Morrison in 1993. Ernest Hemingway, the 1954 Nobel laureate, is often named as one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century.[1] A work seen as capturing fundamental aspects of the national experience and character—such as Herman Melville's Moby-Dick (1851), Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(1885), and F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby(1925)—may be dubbed the "Great American Novel". Popular literary genres such as the Western and hardboiled crime fiction were developed in the United States.[edit] Comic booksMain article: American comic bookSince the invention of the comic book format in the 1930s, the United States has been the leading producer with only the British comic books (during the inter-war period and up until the 1970s) and the Japanese manga as close competitors in terms of quantity.[citation needed]Comic book sales began to decline after World War II, when the medium was competing with the spread of television and mass market paperback books. In the 1960s, comic books' audience expanded to include college students who favored the naturalistic, "superheroes in the real world" trend initiated by Stan Lee at Marvel Comics. The 1960s also saw the advent of the underground comics. Later, the recognition of the comic medium amongacademics, literary critics and art museums helped solidify comics as a serious artform with established traditions, stylistic conventions, and artistic evolution.[citation needed][edit] TelevisionMain article: Television in the United StatesTelevision is one of the major mass media of the United States. Ninety-nine percent of American households have at least one television and the majority of households have more than one.[citation needed][edit] DanceMain article: Dance in the United StatesThere is great variety in dance in the United States, it is the home of the Lindy Hop and its derivative Rock and Roll, and modern square dance (associated with the United States of America due to its historic development in that country--nineteen U.S. states have designated it as their official state dance) and one of the major centers for modern dance. There is a variety of social dance and concert or performance dance forms with also a range of traditions of Native American dances.[edit] Visual artsMain article: Visual arts of the United StatesIn the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, American artists primarily painted landscapes and portraits in a realistic style. A parallel development taking shape in rural America was the American craft movement, which began as a reaction to the industrial revolution. Developments in modern art in Europe came to America from exhibitions in New York City such as the Armory Show in 1913. After World War II, New York replaced Paris as the center of the art world.[citation needed]Painting in the United States today covers a vast range of styles.[edit] ArchitectureMain article: Architecture of the United StatesThe United States has a history of architecture that includes a wide variety of styles.The United States of America is a relatively young country, and the Native Americans did not leave any buildings comparable to the grandeur of those in Mexico or Peru. For this reason, the overriding theme of American Architecture is modernity: the skyscrapers of the 20th century are the ultimate symbol of this modernity.[citation needed]Architecture in the US is regionally diverse and has been shaped by many external forces, not only English. US Architecture can therefore be said to be eclectic, something unsurprising in such a multicultural society.[citation needed][edit] SculptureMain article: Sculpture of the United StatesThe history of sculpture in the United States reflects the country's 18th century foundation in Roman republican civic values as well as Protestant Christianity.[citation needed][edit] TheaterMain article: Theater in the United StatesTheater of the United States is based in the Western tradition, mostly borrowed from the performance styles prevalent in Europe, especially England.[citation needed]Today, it is heavily interlaced with American literature, film, television, and music, and it is not uncommon for a single story to appear in all forms. Regions with significant music scenes often have strong theater and comedy traditions as well. Musical theater may be the most popular form: it is certainly the most colorful, and choreographed motions pioneered on stage have found their way onto movie and television screens. Broadway in New York City is generally considered the pinnacle of commercial U.S. theater, though this art form appears all across the country. Off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway diversify the theatre experience in New York. Another city of particular note is Chicago, which boasts the most diverse and dynamic theater scene in the country. Regional or resident theatres in the United States are professional theatre companies outside of New York City that produce their own seasons. There is also community theatre and showcase theatre (performing arts group).Even tiny rural communities sometimes awe audiences with extravagant productions.[edit] CuisineMain article: Cuisine of the United StatesMainstream American culinary arts are similar to those in other Western countries. Wheat is the primary cereal grain. Traditional American cuisine uses ingredients such as turkey, white-tailed deer venison, potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn, squash, and maple syrup, indigenous foods employed by Native Americans and early European settlers. Slow-cooked pork and beef barbecue, crab cakes, potato chips, and chocolate chip cookies are distinctively American styles. Soul food, developed by African slaves, is popular around the South and among many African Americans elsewhere. Syncretic cuisines such as Louisiana creole, Cajun, and Tex-Mex are regionally important. Iconic American dishes such as apple pie, fried chicken, pizza, hamburgers, and hot dogs derive from the recipes of various immigrants. So-called French fries, Mexican dishes such as burritos and tacos, and pasta dishes freely adapted from Italian sources are widely consumed.[2]Americans generally prefer coffee to tea, with more than half the adult population drinking at least one cup a day.[3] Marketing by U.S. industries is largely responsible for making orange juice and milk(now often fat-reduced) ubiquitous breakfast beverages.[4] During the 1980s and 1990s, Americans' caloric intake rose 24%;[2]frequent dining at fast food outlets is associated with what health officials call the American "obesity epidemic." Highly sweetened soft drinks are widely popular; sugared beverages account for 9% of the average American's daily caloric intake.[5][edit] FashionMain article: Fashion in the United StatesApart from professional business attire, fashion in the United States is eclectic and predominantly informal.[citation needed]Blue jeans were popularized as work clothes in the 1850s by merchant Levi Strauss, a German immigrant in San Francisco, and adopted by many American teenagers a century later. They are now widely worn on every continent by people of all ages and social classes.[citation needed]Along with mass-marketed informal wear in general, blue jeans are arguably U.S. culture's primary contribution to global fashion.[6] The country is also home to the headquarters of many leading designer labels such as Ralph Lauren and Calvin Klein. Labels such asAbercrombie & Fitch, American Eagle, Hollister, and Eckōcater to various niche markets.[edit] Popular cultureAmerican popular culture has expressed itself through nearly every medium, including movies, music, and sports. Mickey Mouse, Barbie, Elvis Presley, Madonna, Aerosmith, Babe Ruth, Baseball, American football, Basketball, screwball comedy, G.I. Joe, jazz, the blues, Rap & Hip Hop, The Simpsons, Michael Jackson, Superman, Gone with the Wind, Marilyn Monroe, Michael Jordan, Indiana Jones, Sesame Street, Catch-22—these names, genres, and phrases have joined more tangible American products in spreading across the globe.It is worth noting that while the U.S. tends to be a net exporter of culture, it absorbs many other cultural traditions with relative ease, for example: origami, soccer, anime, and yoga.[citation needed][edit] Exportation of popular cultureThe United States is an enormous exporter of entertainment, especially television, movies and music. This readily consumable form of culture is widely and cheaply dispersed for entertainment consumers worldwide. It's even considered to be an "entertainment superpower" along with Europe, and Japan. Part of this is because America owns so much foreign property[citation needed] and has so many military personnel serving overseas (Japan for instance).[citation needed]Many nations now have two cultures: an indigenous one andglobalized/popular culture[citation needed]. That said, what one society considers entertainment is not necessarily reflective of the "true culture" of its people. More popular syndicated programs cost more, so overseas entertainment purchasers often choose older programs that reflect various, and dated, stages of United States cultural development.[citation needed]Pop culture also tends to neglect the more mundane and/or complex elements of human life.[citation needed][edit] References1.^ Meyers, Jeffrey (1999). Hemingway: A Biography. New York: Da Capo, p. 139.ISBN 0-306-80890-0.2.^ a b Klapthor, James N. (2003-08-23). "What, When, and Where Americans Eat in2003". Institute of Food Technologists. /cms/?pid=1000496.Retrieved on 2007-06-19.3.^"Coffee Today". Coffee Country. PBS. May 2003./frontlineworld/stories/guatemala.mexico/facts.html#02. Retrieved on 2007-06-19.4.^ Smith, Andrew F. (2004). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America.New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 131–32. ISBN 0-19-515437-1. Levenstein,Harvey (2003). Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet.Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, pp. 154–55.ISBN 0-520-23439-1. Pirovano, Tom (2007). "Health & Wellness Trends—TheSpeculation Is Over". AC Nielsen./pubs/2006_q1_ci_health.shtml. Retrieved on 2007-06-12.5.^"Fast Food, Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance, and Obesity".Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. American Heart Association.2005. /cgi/content/full/25/12/2451#R3-101329. Retrievedon 2007-06-09. "Let's Eat Out: Americans Weigh Taste, Convenience, and Nutrition"(PDF). U.S. Dept. of Agriculture./publications/eib19/eib19_reportsummary.pdf. Retrieved on2007-06-09.6.^ Davis, Fred (1992). Fashion, Culture, and Identity. Chicago: University of ChicagoPress, p. 69. ISBN 0-226-13809-7.Why American Culture is Unique--英语本文来自: 疯狂英语([url][/url]) 详细出处参考：/zhuantiyingyu/duanyujiangjie/20081014/24201.htmlAmerican culture is unique because it is nurtured, formed and developed under certain conditions, which are characteristically(特性)American. The major factors contributing to the making of this new nation and the forming of a new culture are the hard environment, ethnic diversity(多民族) and plural religion, which is quite different from other nations in the world. What is more, these elements are still influencing the American culture.1. Rough EnvironmentThe early immigrants who were English Puritans settled down in northeast part of American. The environment there was very rough but they believed the poor land could purify their mind so they chose the place along the coast. From 1607 to 1892, frontiers were pushed further west. The American frontier consisted of the relatively unsettled regions of the United States, usually found in the western part of the country. The frontiersmen looked for a land of rich resources and a land of promise, opportunity and freedom. Actually they looked for a betterlife. So individualism, self-reliance, and equality of opportunity have perhaps been the values most closely associated with the frontier heritage(遗产) of American.2. Ethnic DiversityThe population of the United States includes a large variety of ethnic groups coming from many races, nationalities, and religions. People refer to the United States as "melting pot "and the dominant people are British. American is made up of WASP+MM, that is, White, Anglo Saxon, Protestants plus Middle Class and Male. In history, people from different countries in the world rushed to American three times. They brought their own culture to American and later on different cultures were mixed together. Thus the unique American culture is formed, a common cultural life with commonly shared values.3. Plural religionThe fundamental American belief in individual freedom and the right of individuals to practice their own religion is at the center of religious experience in the United States. The great diversity of ethnic backgrounds has produced religious pluralism; almost all of the religions of the world are now practiced in the United States. Christianity(基督教) is the dominant religion in American and Protestant (新教)is predominate(主导). Any individuals are equal before God and they believe they can communicate directly to God so they can share the same idea. Under the protestant, many new ones are formed and different explanations produce different sect of religion. Churches are independent and American religion is no longer religion seculars. The institution permits the practice of religion and the political power is separate form religion. So there are more religion本文来自: 疯狂英语([url][/url]) 详细出处参考：/zhuantiyingyu/duanyujiangjie/20081014/24201.html American culture：美国主流文化的形成/06/0406/11/2E17J0QM00291ON7.htmlThe main content of American culture is the emphasize on individuals' value, the pursue of democracy and freedom, the promotion of deploitation(开拓, 经营) and competition and the need of realistic and practicality. Its core is individualism: self first, personal need first, pursue of individual benefit and enjoyment, emphasize on achieving individual value by self-strive and self-design. This type of intentionally build up of personality and pursue customized individualism has its pros and cons, it gives incentives to people and make them exert on their potential and wisdom and as a result accelerate the development of the entire race and nation; on the other hand it is difficult to keep good relationship among people if everyone is egocentric thus make the entire society lack of unity.egocentric: .自我中心的, 利己主义的American citizens emphasize on achievements and respect heroes. They have great sense in their hearts to praise success and heroes. Personal achievements are one of those with the highest value in Americans mind. Americans have very strong senses of success. Success is the pursuit of most Americans, it is their attractive future and the incentives for moving forward. They believe that one's personal value is equivalent to his achievements in his career. Some high achievers in their career such as entrepreneurs, scientists, artists and all kinds of super starts became modern heroes. The process and result of how they strived have become the frame of reference of social culture value and the real life text book for parents to educate their children.incentive: Serving to induce or motivate:American society has great movements within itself. These movements are shown in two aspects: movements amongst locations and movements inside the society. The United States are relatively more open and have more freedom. Developed transport and the tradition of adventure and sporty makes a lot of American migrate from countryside to cities, from downtown to uptown; and from north to the southern sunny land, from one city to another. Unlike European countries, the social classes in America is not so stable. Further more, with the advocation of public education, movements upwards along the social ladder have become possible. Many people living in the states, no matter whether they are Native American or immigrants from overseas, have the same dream of changing their social class and make their lifetime dream come true through their own efforts. This is what they often called "American dream".advocation：(=advocacy)拥护；支持美国文化的主要内容是强调个人价值，追求民主自由，崇尚开拓和竞争，讲求理性和实用，其核心是个人中心主义：个人至上、私欲至上、追求个人利益和个人享受，强调通过个人奋斗、个人自我设计，追求个人价值的最终实现。
美国文化介绍(全英文) PPT
The Bald Eagle is the national bird of the United States of America, and it has become the national emblem of the country
Through the NBA, the world just know, basketball can play this way
Phelps surprised the world with the strength of American sports culture
Football makes the president go crazy.
Disney park for more young generation began to like the United States
There's never been a laeam factory" is the symbol of American entertainment culture
The status of the American Symphony has become more and more important. It is a kind of music culture.
Chinese culture has been a good integration of the United States
A statuette is a reflection of the status quo of film culture
Imagination is the feature of American film culture.
英美文化期末论文：英美间的文化差异(英文版)
The Difference between England andAmericaAbstract: the paper is to show the difference between American and English in several aspects, such as geographical location, cultural environment and the most important part, the language.Key words: Culture Environment,Education,food,Table MannerIntroductionThe paper deals with the The Difference between England and America.Culture is a complex, including knowledge and belief, art, morals, law, custom, and members of the society who acquired as any other capabilities and habits.1. Culture EnvironmentBritain is a traditional European country with long historical tradition continuity, and there had been a hierarchy in British society for a long time. And in UK there always has been a monarchy. So, the British likes to remember past times and old acquaintances, tends to be conservative, and behaves like a gentleman. All these need culture accumulation, and these character and qualities can’t be made if the country is without a long history. However, the U.S. is precisely without a very profound historical accumulation and is a young country. So, the Americans dare to innovate and stress emphasis on personal value. On the other hand, in the United States, there are not a lot of constrains. They feel free to make bold innovations.In addition, there is a great difference in the population composition of the two countries. The United States is a nation of immigrants, people comes from all countries and regions in the world. So, the culture of the United States shows different characteristics. People in American can accept and absorb all the culture factors all over the world. U.S. attitude toward foreign cultures is an open. However, comparing to the United States, the structure of the UK population appears to be simplex.2.Geographical LocationThe geographic location of the United Kingdom and the United States are different, one in European continent, one continent of the America. The United Kingdom, after a long period of development, has been very wealthy, so they are decent and conservative. But at the beginning of the United States, the United States is in a completely unfamiliar and barren continent, the first settlers were called pioneers, so they have to have the courage to take risks. If they do not have the spirit of adventure, they will not be able to survive, not to mention development, the hard environment eventually made the American spirit. In addition, the difference of European culture and American cultural contributes to the difference of the two countries. English suffers from the influence from other European countries, like France, Germany, but American was influenced by the culture of the other countries in American continent as well as the native Indian.3. EducationFrom the educational philosophy of the education system in the United States, there are the characteristics of diversity and openness, international and flexibility, which enable the U.S. Department of Education to ensure educational equity and equality of opportunity to receive education, and take full advantage of the strengths of educational objects, so education is the dynamic, vibrant in American. It also reflects what the Americans have been in pursuit, the freedom and equality. British education has a rigorous style of study and impeccable the education system. The UK has a strict quality control system, the teaching quality evaluation and the research Assessment from all the school in England are announced to the world, higher education institutions in the UK will be checked in a regular routine. This rigorous attitude is also reflected in the assessment of the student. Many students can’t get a degree if they fail in passing the assessment. Ethics and professionalism of Englishteachers ensure the quality of its education. British education also reflects British conservative and rigorous character.4.Traditional English food and confluent American foodBritish food, as we know, is very traditional. They don’t used to change their habit of food very frequently. Like other northern European cuisines, it majors heavily on meats, dairy products, wheat and root vegetables and a diet conductive to manual labor and red-faced citizens. The nineteenth century idea of a varied diet was one with different sorts of meat in it. Milk and vegetables were regarded as not only uneatable raw, but highly dangerous until boiled thoroughly. To a certain extent this is understandable, in an era without refrigeration, when typhoid and cholera could strike even the wealthy; over-cooking everything was probably a sensible course to take. People in English have a special eating habit. Firstly, the main meal in England seems to be eaten in the evening. Secondly, a big English breakfast is not something that many English people seem eat. Most of them have a light meal of cornflakes or toast and marmalade, orange juice and coffee rather than the eggs, sausages, bacon, bread, mushrooms and tomatoes. Fish has always been an important food in Britain. There are jellied eels, kippers or bloaters or crabs and so on. But the most popular of all is fish and chips, splashed with vinegar and eaten in the street out of a paper bag . British have a habit of drinking tea. “A nice cup of tea, the stronger the better”is supposed to be the British cure for all problems. Although many different drinks can be found in Britain, tea is undoubtedly the favorite at any time of the day and is the essential basis of afternoon tea. This is a meal that can vary from tea and a biscuit to the cooked high tea with lots of cakes served in the north. In the south west of England it is usually a cream tea, with home-made scones, strawberry jam and piles of thick clotted cream. People vary seldom have the thin cucumber sandwiches described in novels.American cuisine : The United States is a land of delicious eating. The two concepts essential to understanding US food are regionalism and diversity, accent on the latter.After all, Italian food differs from province to province and city to city as well. But key themes run through Italy’s food from south to north simply because its people have such strong roots in the Italian soil. Not so with the US. A nation of newcomers, its food reflects its origins. Long before Europeans set foot on American soil, vibrant and healthy civilizations nurtured themselves off the bounty of the land. They taught the settlers to plant the holy trinity of Native American cuisine—corn, beans and squash. The settlers returned the favor by nearly exterminating their benefactors, but those three foods played a vital in defining American cuisine. They retain their importance today across the continent—grits, cornbread in the South, tortillas and pinto beans in the Southwest, baked beans and succotash in the Northeast and pumpkin pie just about everywhere for Thanksgiving. American cuisine has come a long way since the early days of corn, beans and squash and along the way it has spawned some unforgettable food. Nonetheless the US remains a great place for great eating. Delicious regional styles remain a great place for great eating. Delicious regional styles remain and the new blood of immigrants sparks the imagination of the finest chefs while making for great inexpensive food in the cities. So come and get it.5. Table MannerAt table, the British people pays special attention to table manners, such as, they should not talk at table, should not beat tableware as well. They have a strict requirement on how to use knives and forks. While Americans on the relatively few occasions will do so, they like fast and convenient food, they do not require delicate or luxury dinner but they pay more attention to popular food. American favorite food is known as KFC, McDonald's and pizza hut, the junk food. This diet keeps the American obesity rate high. But from the diet habits, it is not difficult for us to find that the American do everything vigorously and resolutely and do not stick to the trifles.ConclusionIn a word, there are lots of different conventions in the British and the American’s culture. These conventions can be easy found in their daily life. They are all the symbols of the society development. They made us know a lot about the culture in the European countries. So if you have any interests on it, try to learn something about that and I’m sure we can benefit from it more . we can see that the British are sensitive, restrained, conservative, they tend to be rational rigorous and gentlemanly. By comparison, Americans are warm and cheerful, bold and frank. They are with a spirit of adventure and innovation.Reference[1]Brown, G. and G. Yule. Discourse Analysis[M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 1983.[2]Deng,Yanchang&Liu,Runqing. language and culture[M].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1989.[3]Hu,Wenzhong&C.H.Grove Encountering the Chinese[M]. Yarmouth: Intercutural Press, Inc 1991.[4Maryanne&Joann&Edward.American ways—An Introduction to American Culture[M]. Beijing: The World Books Publishing House , 2006.[5]Xu,Lisheng.Intercultural Communication in English[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press , 2004.[6]Yang,Min&Wang,Keqi&Wang, Hengzhang.An Outline of the Traditional Chinese Culture [M].Beijing: China Ocean University Publishing House, 2003.[7]Zhang , Ailin.Intercultural Communication[M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Publishing House 2003.[8]高一虹.语言文化差异的认识与超越[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2000-2.[9]胡文仲.跨文化交际学概论[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999.[10]何毅.中西文化比较[M]. 北京：冶金工业出版社，2007-9.[11]简孙.中国结·美国梦: 中美文化差异趣谈[M]. 河南：河南人民出版社，2006.[12]李军.中西文化比较[M]. 北京：中国人民大学出版社，2010-1.[13]王易.中西文化比较概论[M]. 北京：航空工业出版社，1999-08.[14]杨海庆.中西文化差异及汉英语言文化比较[M]. 北京：知识产权出版社，2005.[15]张从益.文化语言学研究[M]. 陕西：西北工业大学出版社，2009.。
美国梦的英文作文
美国梦的英文作文The American Dream is a concept that has been deeply ingrained in the culture of the United States. It represents the idea that anyone, regardless of their background or social status, can achieve success and prosperity through hard work and determination. This dream has been a driving force for many immigrants who have come to the United States in search of a better life for themselves and their families.Growing up in America, I have always been surrounded by the belief that anything is possible if you work hard enough. This mentality has pushed me to set ambitious goals for myself and to never settle for anything less than whatI believe I am capable of achieving. It has instilled in mea sense of resilience and determination that has guided me through both the highs and lows of pursuing my dreams.One of the most inspiring aspects of the American Dream is the diversity of success stories that have been born outof it. From rags to riches tales to stories of immigrants who have overcome incredible odds to build successful lives for themselves, the American Dream has proven time and time again that it is a powerful force for change and opportunity.Despite the undeniable allure of the American Dream, it is important to acknowledge the challenges and barriersthat many people face in their pursuit of it. Systemic inequalities and social injustices have created significant obstacles for certain groups of people, making it much harder for them to access the same opportunities that others may take for granted.In recent years, the American Dream has come under scrutiny as economic and social disparities have widened, leaving many people feeling disillusioned and disheartened. The notion that hard work alone is enough to guarantee success has been called into question, prompting a reevaluation of what the American Dream truly means and how it can be made more accessible to all.In conclusion, the American Dream is a complex and multifaceted concept that continues to shape theaspirations and ambitions of people across the United States. While it has served as a source of hope and inspiration for many, it is also important to recognize the challenges and limitations that exist within the pursuit of this dream. As the country continues to evolve and change, so too will the ideals and realities of the American Dream.。
美国文化的五种象征
Queen Barbie doll is almost all girls, and even the adult female dolls preference. Barbie was the inspiration for the creatio n of a United States handler toy compan y cofounders daughter and his wife Barbara, their adult with a German on the basis of sexy doll in 1959 launched a decent auth entic American Barbie doll. It is ironic that the couples daughter handler favorite Ba rbie, but they hate the son of ken have it.
Wbetween them?
"American Gothic" might not be w ell known, but the portrait of the O ld House Gothic windows, especia lly solemn expressions that do, an d that the long neck to the wife of the artist famous night in 1930. Th e paintings performance of the Un ited States farmers solemn pride.
Statue of liberty 自由女神像
Since the Statue of Liberty in New York in 1886 to stand firm in the Bay, it has been t he arrival of the new immigrants the promi se of the American Dream. The statue is a French artist from the Unit ed States to celebrate the independence o f the US law designed Union, said the arm s came from the beautiful statue of the arti sts wife, and the vicissitudes resolute face is drawn from the artists mother.
美国历史与文化英语作文初中
USA: A Melting Pot of History and CultureThe United States of America, often referred to as the "land of opportunity," has a rich and diverse history and culture that is unique in many ways. From its founding by European settlers to the waves of immigration that have shaped its society, the USA has always been a place where different cultures come together to create something new and exciting.The history of the United States is a story of exploration, revolution, and growth. It began with the arrival of the first Europeans in the 15th century, but the country as we know it today really took shape after the American Revolution in 1776. This pivotal event allowed the 13 colonies to break free from British rule and form a new nation, one that was built on principles of freedom, democracy, and the pursuit of happiness.Over the centuries, the USA has been shaped by the many waves of immigration that have brought people from all over the world. People from different countries, cultures, and backgrounds have contributed to the American society, making it a true melting pot. This diversity has enriched the nation's culture, adding to its culinary traditions, music, arts, and language.The cultural landscape of the United States is as varied as its population. From the jazz and blues of the Deep South to the tech innovation of Silicon Valley, from the cowboy culture of Texas to the Broadway shows of New York City, there is no single way to describe the American culture. It is a complex tapestry woven from many threads, each one adding a unique color and texture.American culture is also deeply influenced by its history. The spirit of the Wild West, the struggles of the Civil Rights Movement, and the innovation of the Space Race are just a few examples of how the past has shaped the present. These historical moments have not only defined the country but have also instilled a sense of pride and identity among Americans.Moreover, the United States is known for its iconic landmarks and natural wonders that reflect its cultural heritage. The Statue of Liberty, the Grand Canyon, and Mount Rushmore are just a few examples of places that showcase the nation's history and cultural pride.In conclusion, the United States is a country with a rich and varied history and culture. It is a place where the past and present come together to create a society that is constantly evolving. The diversity of its people and the strength of its values have made the USA a unique and influential nation on the world stage. As a middle school student, learning about American history and culture is not only fascinating but also provides valuable insights into the global community we live in today.This essay is a brief introduction to the vast topic of American history and culture. It aims to provide a general understanding of the subject, suitable for a middle school audience, and encourages further exploration and learning.。
介绍美国的英语作文 小学
Introducing the United StatesThe United States is a vast and diverse country located in North America. It is home to over 330 million people and is famous for its freedom, opportunity, and innovation.The United States is divided into 50 states, each with its own unique culture and history. The flag of the United States, known as the Star-Spangled Banner, has 13 stripes representing the original 13 colonies and 50 stars representing the 50 states.One of the most famous landmarks in the United States is the Statue of Liberty, which stands tall in New York City. This statue represents freedom and opportunity for people from all over the world.The United States is also famous for its diverse food culture. From burgers and pizza to sushi and tacos, you can find almost any type of cuisine in the United States.Schooling in the United States is different from other countries. Students usually start school at age five and attend elementary school for six years. Then they move on to middle school for three years and finally, high school for four years.Sports are also very popular in the United States. Baseball, basketball, football, and tennis are some of the most popular sports in the country. The Super Bowl, the NBA Finals, and the World Series are some of the most watched sports events in the United States.In conclusion, the United States is a country full of history, culture, and opportunity. It is a place where people from all over the world come to pursue their dreams and make a better life for themselves.美国是北美洲的一个辽阔而多元的国家，拥有超过3.3亿人口，以其自由、机会和创新而闻名。
高中英语Unit3DiverseCultures课件新人教版必修第三册
译文：美国文化是一种西方文化,早在美国成为一个国家之 前就一直在发展。
②Due to the extent of American culture , there are many integrated but unique subcultures within the United States.
○课标词汇
influence /'ɪnfluəns/ n．影响 spread / spred / vt.传播 traditionally /trə'dɪʃənəli/ adv.传统上；传说上 diversity /daɪ'vɜːsəti/ n．多样化；(人在种族、民族、宗教 等方面的)多样性 image /'ɪmɪdʒ/ n．形象；概念
分 析 ： 该 句 为 简 单 句 。 “Due to the extent of American culture”为原因状语,主句为“there be”句型。
译文：由于美国文化的广度,在美国有许多融合而又独特的 亚文化。
核心素养目标
【语言技能】 了解英语中表示省略的用法； 能简单介绍你所在的城市/地区； 熟练运用本单元的词汇及语言现象。
Байду номын сангаас
主题：美国文化特色 学科素养：文化意识 难度系数：★★ ①The culture of the United States is a Western culture,and has been developing since long before the United States became a country. Its chief early influence was British culture,due to colonial ties with the British that spread the English language,the legal system and other cultural inheritances.
美国文化英文版
American CultureTheme 1 Brief introductionThe culture of the United States is primarily Western, but is influenced by Native American, African, Asian, Polynesian, and Latin American cultures. A strand of what may be described as American culture started its formation over 10,000 years ago with the migration of Paleo-Indians from Asia, as well as from Oceania and Europe, into the region that is today the continental United States. The United States of America has its own unique social and cultural characteristics such as dialect, music, arts, social habits, cuisine, and folklore. The United States of America is an ethnically and racially diverse country as a result of large-scale migration from many ethnically and racially different countries throughout its history as well as differing birth and death rates among natives, settlers, and immigrants.Its chief early European influences came from English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish settlers of colonial Americaduring British rule. Other important influences came from other parts of Europe, especially Germany, France, and Italy.Original elements also play a strong role, such as Jeffersonian democracy. Thomas Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia was perhaps thefirst influential domestic cultural critique by an American and a reactionary piece to the prevailing European consensus that America's domestic originality was degenerate. Prevalent ideas and ideals that evolved domestically, such as national holidays, uniquely American sports, military tradition, and innovations in the arts and entertainment give a strong sense of national pride among the population as a whole.American culture includes conservative and liberal elements, scientific and religious competitiveness, political structures, risk taking and frees expression, materialist and moral elements. Despite certain consistent ideological principles (e.g. individualism, egalitarianism, and faith in freedom and democracy), American culture has a variety of expressions due to its geographical scale and demographic diversity. The flexibility of U.S. culture and its highly symbolic nature lead some researchers to categorize American culture as a mythic identity; others see it as American exceptionalism .The United States has traditionally been thought of as a melting pot, however beginning in the 1960s and continuing on in the present day, the country trends towards cultural diversity, pluralism and the image of a salad bowl instead. Due to the extent of American culture, there are many integrated but unique social subcultures within the United States. The cultural affiliations an individual in the United States may have commonly depend on social class, political orientation and a multitude of demographic characteristics such as religious background, occupation and ethnic group membership.We will elaborate American culture from the four following dimensions; they are American social culture, American entertainment, American lifestyle and American personal heroism.Theme 2American Social Culture2.1IndividualismAs what has been mentioned before，the most important and basic characteristic of American culture is individualism. The pioneer spirit，handed down to the present generation of Americans, to the present movies, includes the concepts of self-reliance, self-actualization, and personal growth. So, parents or teachers, for example, seldom question the seeming self-centeredness of the American child. It is implicitly accepted that each person whether he is an adult or a child，should be encouraged to make his own decisions, solve his own problems，and have his own possessions．In general, Americans learn to view the world from their own point of view, that of the individual self．2.2EqualityA second aspect of American culture and value is the emphasis placed on equality. Edward Stewart, a well-known expert on American culture, noted that in most American social relationships，“each person is ascribed an irreducible value because of his humanness. When a personal confrontation is required between two persons of different hierarchical levels, there is animplicit tendency to establish an atmosphere of equality.”2.3ProgressA third aspect of American culture is the value placed on progress.The first concerns the relationship between parents and their children. Most American students have been raised to respect their parents．They consider and value highly what their parents have taught them．Most American children believe that their parents’ideas and standards are necessarily the best．Americans think that there is always some change to be made for the better．A second area involves the Americans concept of time. They are very time-conscious, perhaps because time is such an important factor in the world of business and material acquisition. Americans tend to live by the motto，“Time is money．”They believe they themselves should use their time well and get the most from it.2.4OptimismA forth aspect of American culture is the optimism of Americans. They often face life with smiles and humorous words. When being stopped or prevented from barriers or difficulties，they often hold optimistic attitude and tell themselves not to be worried but to be brave and hardworking in order to overcome the obstacles. Of course，“American Humor”is also an important characteristic of Americans．There are so many classical or careless humors of this style in each cartoon movies．Garfield is famous for his classical quotations that have amused people all over the world，for example, “Moneyis not everything. There's MasterCard＆Visa．”“The more you learn，the more you know，the more you know．and the more you forget．The more you forget, the less you know, so why bother to learn.”Theme3 American EntertainmentAmerican economic system of high productivity makes people more leisure time. In order to help people enjoy free, casino, urban parks and swimming pool are everywhere. Federal and state governments are both involved in park construction. They also take responsibility for providing other recreational equipments. Americans will spend most of their spare time at home. Television provides various entertainments, including movie, drama and professional sports. We will elaborate Americans entertainment culture in following aspects.3.1American MusicAmerican music had a great effect on music across the world. It appeared early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using blues and other elements of American folk music. These popular styles included country, R&B, jazz and rock. The 1960s and '70s saw a number of important changes in American popular music, including the development of a number of new styles, such as heavy metal, punk, soul, and hip hop. Though these styles are not popular in the sense of mainstream, they are actually commercially recorded andexamples of popular music.For example, music is a kind of American popular music that originated in the rural regions of the Southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from American folk music, Western cowboy. Country music's strongest appeal is with American rural and small-town populations, but many American cities have a large audience. The music also has listeners in Canada, in Liverpool, England, and other places worldwide. The popularity of Country comes and goes with each decade. Sometimes a new movie (like Midnight Cowboy or Urban Cowboy), hit record, or new performer raises new interest.3.2Street DanceStreet dance refers to dance styles initially performed to hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture. Street dance has highly participatory and competitive performance. It includes a wide range of styles notably breaking, locking, and popping which were created in the 1970s and made popular by dance crews in the United States。
美国西海岸文化英语作文
美国西海岸文化英语作文The West Coast Culture of the United States。
The West Coast of the United States is a region that is known for its diverse and unique culture. From the bustling cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco to the scenic beaches of San Diego and Seattle, the West Coast has something to offer for everyone. The culture of the West Coast is heavily influenced by its history, geography, and people, resulting in a vibrant and dynamic way of life.One of the most notable aspects of West Coast culture is its focus on health and wellness. With a mild climate and easy access to outdoor activities, many people on the West Coast prioritize exercise and healthy eating. Yoga and meditation are also popular practices, with many studios and classes available for those looking to improve their physical and mental well-being.Another important aspect of West Coast culture is itsemphasis on sustainability and environmentalism. The region is home to many environmental organizations and activists, and many individuals strive to live a low-impact lifestyle. Recycling and composting are common practices, and many cities have implemented programs to reduce waste and promote renewable energy.The West Coast is also known for its diverse and inclusive communities. With a large immigrant population and a history of progressive movements, the region has a reputation for being welcoming and accepting of people from all backgrounds. This is reflected in the region's vibrant arts and music scenes, which draw inspiration from avariety of cultures and traditions.In addition to its cultural offerings, the West Coastis also home to some of the most innovative and forward-thinking companies in the world. From Silicon Valley tech giants to Hollywood studios, the region is a hub for creativity and innovation. This has led to a culture of entrepreneurship and risk-taking, with many people pursuing their dreams and starting their own businesses.Overall, the West Coast of the United States is a region that is defined by its diversity, creativity, and forward-thinking mindset. Whether you're looking for outdoor adventures, cultural experiences, or entrepreneurial opportunities, the West Coast has something to offer for everyone.。
你对美国了解多少英语作文
你对美国了解多少英语作文English: I have a fairly extensive knowledge of the United States, as I have studied its history, politics, culture, and society in great detail. I am familiar with the country's founding principles, such as libertyand democracy, as well as its system of government, including the three branches and the concept of checks and balances. I have also learned about key events in American history, such as the Revolutionary War, Civil War, and Civil Rights Movement, which have shaped the nation's identity. Additionally, I have explored various aspects of American culture, from literature and music to film and sports. Overall, my understanding of the United States is broad and deep, allowing me to appreciate its complexities and impact on the world stage.中文翻译: 我对美国有相当广泛的了解，因为我详细研究了该国的历史、政治、文化和社会。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
• Chinese always waste a lot of food on tables during some important holidays. But Americans do not and they never persuade people to drink. • Chinese love to eat fruit after meals while Americans love to eat dissert. • Chinese usually eat together while Americans love individual serving. • Chinese put a lot of salt in their food while Americans eat a little or less.
特大啃
Turducken
布法罗辣鸡翅
Buffalo Wing
科布色拉 Cobb Salae
American ice cream
Thank you very much!
Main differences
• Chinese eat rice and Americans eat bread more often. • Chinese are used to eating 3 times a day while Americans eating more than 3 times. • Chinese love eating fresh food, such as fresh fish and vegetables while Americans love to buy food once a week and put them into fridge.
The Culture of the United States
----- by Jenny 114175336
What We Will Cover
• Famous Universities • Differences between Chinese food and American food • Special foods in U.S.
• Harvard University is one of the first-class academic institutions that has longest history in U.S.. It is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and at Boston and across the Charles River.
• Stanford was founded in 1885 by the former Governor of California and future U.S. Senator Leland Stanford and his wife, Jane Lathrop Stanford, as a memorial to their only son, Leland Stanford Jr.. The Stanfords used their farm lands to create the university, and hoped to establish a major research university in the West, the first of its kind. In addition, the university was established as a co-educational institution, enrolling both male and female students.
• Located in the community of Hyde Park on Chicago’s South Side, just 15 minutes from the city center, the University of Chicago is uniquely positioned to contribute to, and draw from, the strength and diversity of this world-class metropolis. The first faculty assembled on Opening Day, 1892, were indeed an impressive bunch: lured from colleges all over the country, they had been drawn to by the idea of a community of great scholars.
• The University was founded in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain, and is one of only three United States universities to have been established under such authority. After the American Revolutionary War, King's College briefly became a state entity, and was renamed Columbia College in 1784. The University now operates under a 1787 charter that places the institution under a private board of trustees, and in 1896 it was further renamed Columbia University.
• • • • • • •
Harvard University Yale University Stanford University Columbia University University of Washington University of Pennsylvania University of Chicago