国际支付与结算考试重点整理

国际结算：

1、swift的特点、具体情况提供的服务（第一章）

答：定义：society for worldwide interbank financial telecommunications, a computerized international telecommunications system that, through standardized formatted messages, rapidly processes and transmits financial transactions and information among its members around the world。

特点：Quick and cheap; Secure and reliable; Standardized forms.

两种分类：FIN (Financial Application)

IFT (Interbank File Transfer)

2、国际结算两个账户的含义；美元、欧元外汇清算体系特点（第二章）

答：国际结算定义：International payments or international settlements are financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another in order to settle accounts, debts, etc., emerged in the course of political, economic or cultural contacts among them.

银行往来两个账户：

nostro account: due from account, the foreign currency account of a major bank with

the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international payments and settlements.

Vostro account: due to account, the account held by a bank on behalf of a

correspondent bank.

美元清算体系：

FEDWIRE: a fund transfer system operated nationwide in the USA by the Federal Reserve System to transfer funds from one financial institution to another with an account balance held with the Fed.

Procedures of Fed Wire:

A payer gives an instruction to a bank in which the payer has an available balance;

The paying bank passes instructions on to the Fed to move value from the bank’s reserve balance account to the reserve balance account of another bank in which the payee has an account;

The Fed credits the reserve account of the payee’s bank and debits the reserve account of the payer’s bank. The Fed Wire provides a confirmation number to the payer so that the transaction can be traced;

When a bank receives an incoming wire, the receiving firm is given notification that value has been received

欧元清算系统：

TARGET: Trans-Europe Automated Real-time Gross Settlement Express Transfer System, a real-time gross settlement system for the Euro, which is composed of 15 national RTGS systems, the ECB payment mechanism and interlinking

Purposes of TARGET:

–to provide the payment procedures necessary for implementing the ECB’s single monetary policy;

–to promote sound and efficient payment mechanisms in euro。

3、狭义票据的概念、特点（第三章）

答：Definitions

in the general sense, documents of title

in the narrow sense, notes, negotiable securities with the purpose of payment in money, signed by the issuer, unconditionally paid by the issuer or another person

A negotiable instrument is a chosen in action,the full and legal title to which is ransferable by delivery of the instrument with the resule that complete ownership of the instrument and all the property it represents passes freely from equities to the transferee,providing the latter takes the instrument in good faith and for value.

特点：

–Characteristics 5个

Negotiability

Non-Causative Nature: the efficacy of the instrument is independent on the causes for issuing.

Requisite in Form: to be effective, a bill must embody the required items.

Presentation: the holder must present the bill to the payer in order to be paid.

Restitution

4、汇票的概念（出票、科目、商业汇票和银行汇票的分类）

答：

定义：A bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a specified or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person or to bearer.

汇票的科目：

汇票字样，bill of exchange；

出票日期和地点date and place；

付款期限（tenor）

无条件付款命令，pay to sb

汇票金额（amount）

收款人（payee）

受票人或付款人（drawee/payer）

出票人（drawer）

商业汇票和银行汇票：

Commercial draft: a bill of exchange issued by a firm on another firm or on a bank.

Bankers’ draft: a draft drawn by a bank on another bank.

【Commercial acceptance bill and banker’s acceptance bill

clean bill and documentary bill

Clean bill: a bill without shipping documents attached thereto.

Documentary bill: a bill with shipping documents attached thereto.】

5、本票的概念definition:

A promissory note is an unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another signed by the maker engaging to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person or to the bearer.