FLUID-ROCK INTERACTION AND MASS BALANCE IN DEFORMED ROCKS OF THE IRTISH TECTONIC ZONENORTH
复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合数值计算
华中科技大学硕士学位论文摘要作为常见的船舶推进装置，螺旋桨具有几何形状简单、安装使用方便、推进效率高等特点。
但随着船舶事业的飞速发展，船舶逐渐向大型化、高速化的特点发展，对船舶螺旋桨性能的要求越来越高。
现阶段的常规材料螺旋桨具有噪声大、不耐腐蚀、使用寿命较短等缺点，因此近年来螺旋桨材料发生了巨大的变化。
由于新型材料的物理性质发生了变化，螺旋桨的流固耦合问题引起了越来越多的关注。
本文主要对DTMB 4119螺旋桨流固耦合问题进行以下方面的研究工作：(1)针对DTMB4119螺旋桨在不同工作工况下，研究流体计算网格量对螺旋桨敞水性能的影响；采用标准k-e、RNG k-e、SST k-w湍流模型，研究分析湍流模型对螺旋桨敞水性能的影响，并与参考文献给出的试验结果进行对比分析，从结果来看采用RNG k-e湍流模型的计算结果与文献误差最小。
(2)采用三种材料属性不同的各向同性材料，对螺旋桨水动力性能与结构响应特性与材料属性之间的关系进行探究。
从仿真结果来看，材料属性对前两种材料螺旋桨影响较小，流体与固体之间的相互影响可以忽略不计；而对玻璃纤维材料螺旋桨的影响较大，纤维材料螺旋桨的敞水性能、流场特性以及桨叶的应力应变、变形都有明显的变化。
(3)计算考虑铺层方式的流固耦合特性。
结果表明，层铺方式对螺旋桨水动力性能影响较小，但对螺旋桨的应力应变影响较大。
关键词：流固耦合，复合材料螺旋桨，水动力性能，结构响应特性，铺层方式华中科技大学硕士学位论文AbstractPropeller, as a common propulsion device, has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient use and high efficiency. But with the rapid development of the shipbuilding industry, the ship develops towards the characteristics of large scale and high speed, which also requires more. At present, the conventional propeller has many disadvantages, such as large noise, no corrosion resistance, short service life and so on, so many new type propellers have emerged. And due to the change of material properties, the fluid - structure interaction of propellers has attracted more and more attention.In this paper, the following two aspects are carried out on the two ways fluid- structure interaction of propeller:(1) For the DTMB4119 propeller under different working conditions, using the standard k-e, RNG k-e and SST K-W turbulence model, the open water performance of the propeller is calculated by numerical simulation. The results are compared with the experimental results given in the reference literature. The results show that the error between the RNG k-e turbulence model and the literature are minimum.(2) Three isotropic materials of alloy steel, nickel aluminum bronze and glass fiber are used to investigate the relationship between the hydrodynamic performance of a propeller, the response characteristic of the structure and the properties of the material. From the simulation results, the material properties have little influence on the first two kinds of material propellers, and the interaction between the fluid and the solid can be ignored, but the effect on the propeller of glass fiber material is larger. The open water performance, the flow field characteristics and the stress strain and deformation of the blade have obvious changes.(3), Calculating and comparing the fluid solid coupling characteristics of Considering the effect of composite stacking mode on composite propeller. The results show that the stacking mode method has little effect on the hydrodynamic performance of propeller, but it has great influence on the stress and strain of propeller.Key words:FSI, composite propeller, open water performance, structure response stacking mode华中科技大学硕士学位论文目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)1 绪论1.1课题研究背景及意义 (1)1.2复合材料螺旋桨的应用与研究现状 (2)1.3论文主要研究内容 (7)2 数值计算基本理论2.1引言 (8)2.2计算流体力学基本原理 (8)2.3结构计算相关理论 (11)2.5本章小结 (15)3 螺旋桨水动力性能数值方法3.1引言 (16)3.2螺旋桨水动力计算 (16)3.3网格独立性验证 (21)3.4湍流模型的选取 (24)3.5螺旋桨敞水性能分析与验证 (26)3.6本章小结 (27)华中科技大学硕士学位论文4 螺旋桨流固耦合特性模拟与分析4.1引言 (28)4.2螺旋桨结构计算方法 (28)4.3螺旋桨流固耦合计算 (29)4.4本章小结 (38)5 复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合计算5.1引言 (39)5.2基于ACP复合材料分层有限元模型 (39)5.3复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合结果分析 (43)5.4本章小结 (45)6 结论与展望6.1结论 (46)6.2展望 (47)致谢 (48)参考文献 (50)华中科技大学硕士学位论文1 绪论1.1课题研究背景及意义进入新世纪后，随着全球经济的飞速发展，越来越频繁的贸易往来使得全球交通运输业发生了巨大变化。
Fluid-Structure Interaction and Dynamics
Fluid-Structure Interaction and Dynamics Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is a complex and fascinating field that involves the interaction between deformable structures and surrounding fluids. This interaction can lead to a wide range of dynamic behaviors and phenomena, making it a crucial area of study in various engineering disciplines. From flutter in aircraft wings to the movement of blood in the human body, FSI plays a significant role in understanding and predicting the behavior of systems where fluids and structures interact. One of the key challenges in FSI is accurately modeling and simulating the interaction between the fluid and structure. This requires a deep understanding of the physics involved, as well as advanced computational tools and techniques. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis (FEA) are commonly used to model and simulate FSI problems, allowing engineers to predict how a structure will deform under the influence of fluid forces, and how the fluid flow will be affected by the presence of the structure. In addition to modeling and simulation, experimental testing is also crucial in validating FSI models and understanding the real-world behavior offluid-structure systems. Wind tunnel tests, water tank tests, and other experimental techniques can provide valuable insights into the dynamics of FSI systems, helping engineers to refine their models and improve the performance and safety of structures exposed to fluid forces. From a practical standpoint, FSI has numerous applications in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, civil engineering, and biomechanics. In aerospace, FSI is critical for designing aircraft wings that can withstand aerodynamic forces and vibrations, while in automotive engineering, FSI is used to optimize the performance of vehicle bodies and components under different flow conditions. In civil engineering, FSI is essential for designing bridges, dams, and other structures that are exposed to wind, water, and other fluid forces, while in biomechanics, FSI is used to study the flow of blood in arteries and veins, and its impact on the cardiovascular system. Despite its importance and widespread applications, FSI remains a challenging and evolving field, with many open research questions andopportunities for innovation. Researchers and engineers continue to explore new techniques for modeling and simulating FSI systems, as well as developing advancedmaterials and structures that can better withstand fluid forces. By advancing our understanding of FSI, we can improve the performance, efficiency, and safety of a wide range of engineering systems, leading to better designs and solutions that benefit society as a whole. In conclusion, fluid-structure interaction is a fascinating and important field that plays a crucial role in understanding and predicting the behavior of systems where fluids and structures interact. By combining advanced modeling and simulation techniques with experimental testing and practical applications, engineers can gain valuable insights into the dynamics of FSI systems and develop innovative solutions to complex engineering challenges. As we continue to push the boundaries of FSI research, we can unlock new opportunities for improving the performance and safety of structures exposed to fluid forces, leading to a more sustainable and resilient built environment.。
分析化学常用仪器英文名称
分析化学常用仪器英文名称玻璃漏斗Glass funnel long stem试管test tube test tube brush test tube holder test tube rack 蒸发皿evaporating dish small烧杯beaker锥形瓶Erlenmeyer量筒grad cylinder洗瓶plastic wash bottle勺皿casserole ,small塞式烧瓶stoppered flask分液漏斗separatory funnelwater bath/oil bathstrring barmagnetic stirrer冷凝器condenser圆颈烧瓶Round-buttom flask试剂瓶reagent bottles托盘天平platform. balance托盘pan 指针刻度表pointer and scalecrossbeams and sliding weights 游码分析天平two-pan/single-pan analytical balance滴定管burette glass bead(basic) nozzle移液管pipette洗耳球rubber suction bulb玻棒glass rod玻璃活塞stopcock容量瓶volumetric flasks比重瓶(one-mark)volumetric flasks刻度吸管graduated pipettes锥形瓶conical flask 药匙medicine spoonErlenmeyer flask 滴管drip tube;dropper烧杯beaker 玻棒Glass stic木试管夹test tube clamp;test tube holder胖肚吸管straws容量瓶volumetric flask洗耳球ear washing bulb碘量瓶iodine flask试剂瓶reagent bottle量筒cylindergraduated cylinder二、台面上仪器：一般仪器的洗涤(wash)铁支架siderocradle白瓷板White Porcelain Board酸式滴定管Acid burette 洗液Lotion碱式滴定管Alkali burette滴定管buret;burette漏斗架funnel stand移液管pipe水浴锅water bath kettle温度计Thermometer;hygrometer;hydroscope电炉electric furnace;electric hot plate;electric stove 《分析化学》上册第一章绪论分析化学：Analytical chemistry定性分析：Qualitative analysis定量分析：quantitative analysis物理分析：physical analysis物理化学分析：physico- chemical analysis仪器分析法：instrumental analysis流动注射分析法：flow injection analysis;FIA顺序注射分析法：sequential injection analysis;SIA化学计量学：chemometrics第二章误差的分析数据处理绝对误差：absolute error相对误差：relative error系统误差：systematic error可定误差：Determinate error随机误差：accidental error不可定误差：indeterminate error准确度：accuracy精确度：precision偏差：Deviation平均偏差：average deviation相对平均偏差：Relative average deviation标准偏差(标准差)：standard deviation;相对平均偏差：relative standard deviation;RSD变异系数：Coefficient of variation误差传递：Propagation of error有效数字：Significant figure置信水平：Confidence level显著性水平：level of significance合并标准偏差(组合标准差)：Pooled standard deviation舍弃商：rejection quotient ;Q化学定量分析第三章滴定分析概论滴定分析法：Titrimetric analysis滴定：Titration容量分析法:Volumetric analysis化学计量点：Stoichiometric point等当点：equivalent point电荷平衡：charge balance电荷平衡式：charge balance equation质量平衡：mass balance物料平衡：material balance质量平衡式：mass balance equation第四章酸碱滴定法酸碱滴定法：acid-base titrations质子自递反应：autoprotolysis reaction质子自递常数：autoprotolysis constant质子条件式:proton balance equation酸碱指示剂：acid-base indicator指示剂常数：indicator constant变色范围：colour change interval混合指示剂：mixed indicator双指示剂滴定法：double indicator titration第五章非水滴定法质子溶剂：protonic solvent酸性溶剂：acid solvent碱性溶剂：basic solvent两性溶剂:Amphoteric solvent均化效应：Differentiating effect区分性溶剂：differentiating solvent离子化：Ionization离解：Dissociation第六章配位滴定法配位滴定法：complexometry，coordination titrations 螯合物：Chelate compound金属指示剂：metal indcator第七章氧化还原滴定法氧化还原滴定法：Oxidation-reduction titration高锰酸钾法：potassium permanganate method 条件电位：conditional potential外指示剂：external indicator外指示剂：outside indicator重铬酸钾法：potassium dichromate method第八章沉淀滴定法沉淀滴定法：precipitation titration容量滴定法：volumetric precipitation method 第九章重量分析法重量分析法：Gravimetric analysis挥发法：Volatilization method结晶水：water of crystallization组成水：water of composition液-液萃取法：liquid-liquid extraction溶剂萃取法：solvent extration反萃取：counter extraction分配系数：partition coefficient分配比：distribution ratio离子对(离子缔合物)：ion pair沉淀形式：precipitation forms称量形式：weighing forms《分析化学》下册仪器分析概述物理分析：physical analysis物理化学分析：physicochemical analysis仪器分析：instrumental analysis第十章电位法及永停滴定法电化学分析：electrochemical analysis电解法：electrolytic analysis method电重量法：electtogravimetry库仑法：coulometry库仑滴定法：coulometric titration电导法：conductometry电导分析法：conductometric analysis电导滴定法：conductometric titration电位法：potentiometry直接电位法：direct potentiometry电位滴定法：potentiometric titration伏安法：Voltammetry极谱法：Polarography溶出法：Stripping method化学双电层：chemical double layer相界电位：phase boundary potential金属电极电位：electrode potential化学电池：chemical cell液接界面：liquid junction boundary原电池：Galvanic cell电解池：Electrolytic cell负极：Cathode正极：Anode电池电动势：Electromotive force指示电极：indicator electrode参比电极：reference electroade标准氢电极：standard hydrogen electrode 一级参比电极：primary reference electrode液接界面：liquid junction boundary不对称电位：Asymmetry potential表观PH值：Apparent PH复合PH电极：combination PH electrode 离子选择电极：ion selective electrode敏感器：sensor晶体电极:Crystalline electrodes第十一章光谱分析法概论普朗克常数：Plank constant电磁波谱：electromagnetic spectrum光谱：spectrum光谱分析法：spectroscopic analysis原子发射光谱法：atomic emission spectroscopy 质量谱：mass spectrum质谱法：mass spectroscopy,MS第十二章紫外-可见分光光度法紫外-可见分光光度法：ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry;UV-vis 肩峰：shoulder peak末端吸收：end absorbtion红移：red shift蓝(紫)移：blue shift强带：strong band弱带：weak band吸收带：absorption band透光率：transmitance,T吸光度：absorbance谱带宽度：band width杂散光：stray light噪声：noise暗噪声：dark noise散粒噪声：signal shot noise闪耀光栅：Blazed grating全息光栅：Holographic grating光二极管阵列检测器：Photodiode array detector第十三章荧光分析法荧光：Fluorescence荧光分析法：fluorometryX-射线荧光分析法：X-ray fulorometry原子荧光分析法：atomic fluorometry分子荧光分析法：molecular fluorometry激发光谱：excitation spectrum荧光光谱：fluorescence spectrum荧光寿命：fluorescence life time荧光效率：fluorescence efficiency散射光：scattering light拉曼光：Raman scattering light第十四章红外分光光度法红外线：infrared ray,IR中红外吸收光谱：mid-infrared absorption spectrum,Mid-IR 远红外光谱：Far-IR微波谱：microwave spectrum,MV红外吸收光谱法：infrared spectroscopy红外分光光度法：infrared spectrophotometry振动形式：mode of vibration伸缩振动：stretching vibration对称伸缩振动：Symmetrical stretching vibration不对称伸缩振动：asymmetrical stretching vibration弯曲振动：bending vibration变形振动：formation vibration面内弯曲振动:in-plane bending vibration,β剪式振动：Scissoring vibration,δ面内摇摆振动：rocking vibration,ρ面外弯曲振动：out- of-plane bending vibration,γ面外摇摆振动：Wagging vibration,ω蜷曲振动：twisting vibration ,τ对称变形振动：symmetrical deformation vibration ,δs 不对称变形振动：asymmetrical deformation vibration, δas 特征吸收峰:characteristic absorption band特征频率：characteristic frequency相关吸收峰：correlation absorption band杂化影响：Hybridization affect环大小效应：ring size effect吸收峰的强度：intensity of absorption band环折叠振动：ring prckering vibration第十五章原子吸收分光光度法原子光谱法：atomic spectroscopy原子吸收分光光度法：atomic absorption spectrophotometry,AAS 原子发射分光光度法：atomic emmsion spectrophotometry,AES原子荧光分光光度法：atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry,AFS 第十六章核磁共振波谱法核磁共振：nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR核磁共振波谱：NMR spectrum核磁共振波谱法：NMR spectroscopy质谱分析法：mass spectrometry第十八章色谱分析法概论色谱法(层析法)：Chromatography固定相：Stationary phase流动相：mobile phase高效毛细管电泳法：high performance capillary electroporesis,HPEC 气相色谱法：gas chromatography,GC液相色谱法：liquid cromatography,LC超临界流体色谱法：Supercritical fluid chromatography,SFC柱色谱法：column chromatography填充柱：packed column毛细管柱：capillary column微填充柱：Microbore packed column高效液相色谱法：high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC 平板色谱法：planar平板色谱法：plane chromatography纸色谱法：paper chromatography薄层色谱法：thin layer chromatography,TLC薄膜色谱法;thin film chomatography毛细管电泳法：capillary electrophoresis,CE分配色谱法：Partition chromatography吸附色谱法：absorption chromaography离子交换色谱法：ion exchange chromatography,IEC空间排阻色谱法：Steric exclusion chromatography,SEC亲和色谱法：Affinity chromatography分配系数：distribution cofficient狭义分配系数：partition coefficient凝胶色谱法：gel chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法：gel permeation chromatography,GPC凝胶过滤色谱法：gel filtration chromatography,GFC渗透系数：permeation coefficien;Kp化学键合相色谱法：chemically bonded-phase chromatography 分配系数：distribution coefficient气相色谱-傅立叶变换红外光谱：GC-FTIR第二十章气相色谱法气相色谱法：gas chromatography前延峰：leading peak拖尾峰：tailing peak对称因子：Symmetry factor,fs保留时间：Retention time保留体积：retention volume死时间：dead time调整保留时间：adjusted retention time半峰宽：peak width at half height,W1/2 or Y1/2峰宽：peak width,W等温线：Isotherm理论塔板高度：height equivalent to theoretical plate化学键合相：chemically bonded phase热导检测器：thermal conductivity detector,TCD氢焰离子化检测器：hydrogen flame ionization detector,FID电子捕获检测器：electron capture detector ,ECD噪声：noise,N漂移:drift,d灵敏度：sensitivity检测限(敏感度)：detectability,D,M分离度：Resolution归一化法：Normalization method外标法：external standardization色谱图chromatogram色谱峰chromatographic peak峰底peak base峰高h，peak height峰宽W，peak width半高峰宽Wh/2，peak width at half height峰面积A，peak area拖尾峰tailing area前伸峰leading area假峰ghost peak畸峰distorted peak反峰negative peak拐点inflection point原点origin斑点spot区带zone复班multiple spot区带脱尾zone tailing基线base line基线漂移baseline drift基线噪声N，baseline noise正相液相色谱法normal phase liquid chromatographyreversed phase liquid chromatography，RPLC 柱液相色谱法liquid column chromatography高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography，HPLC 尺寸排除色谱法size exclusion chromatography，SEC凝胶过滤色谱法gel filtration chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法gel permeation chromatography，GPC离子交换色谱法ion exchange chromatography，IEC离子色谱法ion chromatography离子抑制色谱法ion suppression chromatography离子对色谱法ion pair chromatography疏水作用色谱法hydrophobic interaction chromatography制备液相色谱法preparative liquid chromatography平面色谱法planar chromatography纸色谱法paper chromatography薄层色谱法thin layer chromatography，TLC高效薄层色谱法high performance thin layer chromatography，HPTLC 浸渍薄层色谱法impregnated thin layer chromatographygel thin layer chromatography离子交换薄层色谱法ion exchange thin layer chromatography 制备薄层色谱法preparative thin layer chromatography 薄层棒色谱法thin layer rod chromatography液相色谱仪liquid chromatograph制备液相色谱仪preparative liquid chromatograph凝胶渗透色谱仪gel permeation chromatograph涂布器spreader点样器sample applicator色谱柱chromatographic column棒状色谱柱monolith column微粒柱microparticle column填充毛细管柱packed capillary column空心柱open tubular column微径柱microbore column混合柱mixed column组合柱coupled column预柱precolumn保护柱guard column预饱和柱presaturation column浓缩柱concentrating column抑制柱suppression column薄层板thin layer plate浓缩区薄层板concentrating thin layer plate荧光薄层板fluorescence thin layer plate反相薄层板reversed phase thin layer plate梯度薄层板gradient thin layer plate烧结板sintered plate展开室development chamber往复泵reciprocating pump注射泵syringe pump气动泵pneumatic pump蠕动泵peristaltic pump检测器detector微分检测器differential detector积分检测器integral detector总体性能检测器bulk property detector溶质性能检测器solute property detector(示差)折光率检测器[differential] refractive index detector 荧光检测器fluorescence detector紫外可见光检测器ultraviolet visible detector电化学检测器electrochemical detector蒸发(激光)光散射检测器[laser] light scattering detector光密度计densitometer薄层扫描仪thin layer scanner柱后反应器post-column reactor体积标记器volume marker记录器recorder积分仪integrator馏分收集器fraction collector。
动力学参数英文
动力学参数英文Dynamical Parameters in EnglishDynamical parameters are critical in the field of physics, engineering, and various scientific disciplines, as they describe the behavior of systems undergoing change. These parameters are essential for understanding the motion and forces involved in mechanical systems, and they can beapplied to a wide range of contexts, from simple pendulums to complex fluid dynamics.One of the fundamental dynamical parameters is mass,which is a measure of an object's resistance to acceleration. In the context of dynamics, mass is often denoted by 'm' andis a key factor in Newton's second law of motion, whichstates that the force acting on an object is equal to themass of the object multiplied by its acceleration (F = ma).Velocity, another important dynamical parameter, is the rate of change of an object's position with respect to time.It is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. Velocity (v) can be described in terms of its components along different axes, such as v_x, v_y, and v_zfor a three-dimensional space.Acceleration is the rate at which an object's velocity changes over time. Like velocity, acceleration is also avector quantity and can be broken down into its componentsalong the axes of motion. It is represented by 'a' and is closely related to the force acting on an object, as per Newton's second law.Force is a vector quantity that represents theinteraction between two bodies and is responsible forchanging the motion of an object. It is denoted by 'F' and is measured in newtons (N). Force can be a result of varioustypes of interactions, such as gravitational, electromagnetic, or frictional forces.Momentum, represented by 'p', is the product of anobject's mass and its velocity. It is a conserved quantity in a closed system, meaning that the total momentum remains constant if no external forces are acting on the system. Momentum is a crucial concept in collision problems and isalso a vector quantity.Angular momentum is a related concept that describes the rotational motion of an object. It is a measure of how muchan object resists changes to its rotational motion and isgiven by the product of the object's moment of inertia (I)and its angular velocity (ω), expressed as L = Iω.Frequency is another dynamical parameter, particularly relevant in oscillating systems like pendulums or vibrating strings. It is the number of oscillations or cycles thatoccur in one second and is measured in hertz (Hz).Lastly, damping is a parameter that describes thereduction of amplitude in oscillations due to the effect ofresistance or friction. In mechanical systems, damping is often crucial in determining the stability and the rate at which a system returns to equilibrium after a disturbance.Understanding and accurately measuring these dynamical parameters is essential for designing and analyzing mechanical systems, predicting their behavior, and ensuring their safe and efficient operation. Whether it's in the development of vehicles, the study of celestial bodies, or the design of structures, dynamical parameters play a central role in the physical sciences and engineering.。
FLAC3D在岩土工程中的应用-陈育民
27 / 77
GeoHohai
力学阻尼
瑞利(rayleigh)阻尼
假设阻尼与质量、刚度的线性关系 参数确定简单(等价平均应变=60%*emax)
• 中心频率(共振计算，地震平均频率) • 临界阻尼比
缺点：计算速度慢
局部(local)阻尼
FLAC3D的静力分析阻尼 参数简单 适合简单情况
学习方法及经验介绍
20 / 77
GeoHohai
完全非线性的动力分析
与等效线性方法的比较 动力荷载 动力边界条件 力学阻尼与滞回阻尼 地震波的调整 动孔压的生成
21 / 77
GeoHohai
FLAC与等效线性方法
等效线性方法是岩土地震工程中的常用方法 动本构模型
等效线性模型
• 剪切模量的降级曲线 • 阻尼比随剪应变的变化
GeoHohai
软件介绍
应用
岩土力学分析，例矿体滑坡、煤矿开采沉陷预测、水利枢纽岩 体稳定性分析、采矿巷道稳定性研究等 岩土工程、交通工程、采矿工程、水利工程、地质工程
特色
大应变模拟 完全动态运动方程使得FLAC3D在模拟物理上的不稳定过程不 存在数值上的障碍 动力分析功能——地震工程 衬砌功能——地下工程 可开发功能
静态(quiet,粘性)边界 Lysmer and Kuhlemeyer(1969) 模型边界法向和切向设置独立的阻尼器
性能
对于法向p波和s波能很好的吸收 对于倾斜入射的波和Rayleigh波也有所吸收，但存在反射 人工边界仍应当足够远
24 / 77
GeoHohai
Quiet边界应用
RUN FLAC3D
18 / 77
GeoHohai
Fluid-Structure Interaction
Fluid-Structure Interaction Fluid-structure interaction is a complex and fascinating field of study that involves the interaction between a fluid (such as air or water) and a structure (such as a solid object). This interaction can have significant effects on the behavior and performance of both the fluid and the structure, making it a crucial consideration in various engineering and scientific applications. One of the key challenges in studying fluid-structure interaction is the nonlinear nature of the phenomena involved. The interactions between the fluid and the structure can lead to complex and often unpredictable behavior, making it difficult to accurately model and simulate. This nonlinearity can arise from factors such as turbulence in the fluid flow, deformation of the structure, and the coupling between the two. Despite these challenges, understanding and modeling fluid-structure interactionis essential in a wide range of applications, from designing aircraft and bridges to studying the behavior of biological systems. By accurately predicting howfluids and structures interact, engineers and scientists can optimize the performance and safety of various systems and devices. One of the key tools used to study fluid-structure interaction is computational fluid dynamics (CFD). CFD involves using computer simulations to model the behavior of fluids and structures, allowing researchers to analyze and predict how they will interact. By simulating the fluid flow around a structure and the resulting forces on the structure, engineers can gain valuable insights into the behavior of the system. In addition to CFD, experimental techniques such as wind tunnel testing and water tank testing are also commonly used to study fluid-structure interaction. These experiments allow researchers to observe the behavior of fluids and structures in a controlled environment, providing valuable data for validating and improving computational models. Overall, fluid-structure interaction is a complex and challenging field that plays a crucial role in various engineering and scientific disciplines. By studying and understanding how fluids and structures interact, researchers can develop more efficient and reliable systems, leading to advancements in technology and innovation.。
四川汶川5.12大地震同震滑动断层泥的发现及意义.
断层 活 动 具 有 润 滑 作 用 （Ｔｏｒｏｅｔａｌ．，２００４；Ｈｅｅｔａｌ．， ２００７）。
２００８年 ５．１２汶川 ８．０级大地震发生在青藏高原东缘与 四川盆地交接部位的龙门山断裂带（图 １），该地震沿映秀— 北川断裂（Ｆ２）和灌县—安县断裂（Ｆ３）分别产生了长约 ２３０ ｋｍ和 ７０多 ｋｍ的地震地表破裂带，地表变形表现为挤压逆 冲为主并伴 有 右 旋 走 滑 （马 保 起 等，２００８；徐 锡 伟 等，２００８； 张培震等，２００８；Ｆｕｅｔａｌ．，２００８）。野外考察发现沿这些刚 刚形成的地震地表破裂带发育有新鲜断层泥，这为我们研究 地震滑动带的断层泥特征及其形成机制提供了得天独厚的 条件。
龙门山断裂带邻区有历史记录的大地震活动有三次，分 别为 １９３３年 ８月 ２５日发生于岷山地区的岷江断裂带（Ｆ５） 的 ７．５级叠溪大地震，１９７６年 ８月 １６日和 ８月 ２３日发生于 松潘平武之间的两次 ７．２级地震，这两次大地震可能与虎牙 断裂（Ｆ６）的 活 动 有 关。龙 门 山 断 裂 带 的 地 震 活 动 频 度 低， 强度不大，有历史纪录以来未发生过 ７级以上的大地震（邓 起东等，１９９４；李勇等，２００６；张培震等，２００８）。
２２３８
ＡｃｔａＰｅｔｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａＳｉｎｉｃａ 岩石学报 ２００８，２４（１０）
１ 引言
断层泥（Ｆａｕｌｔｇｏｕｇｅ）指发育于断层带中的未固结或弱固 结泥状岩石。Ｓｉｂｓｏｎ（１９７７，１９８６）认为断层泥是在断裂作用 下形成的具有特殊结构构造的变形物质，并认为断层泥的组 构主要是在剪切过程中形成的。断层泥主要发育在地壳浅 层脆性断层带中，呈各种彩色条带平行断层面展布，带宽由 几毫米至数十米。断层泥的主要成分是粘土矿物，其次为原 岩的碎粉和碎砾，是断层剪切滑动、碎裂、碾磨和粘土矿化作 用的产物。
基于FLUENT滑移网格的浮选离心叶片泵内流场的CFD分析
基于FLUENT滑移网格的浮选离心叶片泵内流场的CFD分析李梦君;李浙昆;熊勇;葛凌志【摘要】The performance of centrifugal pump have an important influence on the stability and efficient of flotation process in equipment of flotation. In order to catch the variation of flow field inside of centrifugal pump, the sliding mesh technology in fluent software is used to numerically simulate the flow in centrifugal pump, and then * analyzed the flow variation inside of centrifugal pump with vane rotating, and obtain the total pressure graphs, velocity - vector graphs and turbulent kinetic energy graphs. Thus lays the foundation for the design and the structure optimization of centrifugal pump.%在浮选设备中离心泵的性能对浮选过程的平稳性和效率有着重要影响.为了准确掌握离心泵内部流场的变化情况,运用FLUENT软件中的滑移网格技术对叶片武离心泵进行流场动态数值模拟.分析得出叶片旋转情况下内部流场不同时间点的总压力图、速度矢量图和湍动能图,为离心泵的设计和优化奠定基础.【期刊名称】《科学技术与工程》【年(卷),期】2011(011)023【总页数】5页(P5664-5668)【关键词】离心泵;FLUENT;滑移网格;浮选【作者】李梦君;李浙昆;熊勇;葛凌志【作者单位】昆明理工大学机电工程学院,昆明650093;昆明理工大学机电工程学院,昆明650093;昆明理工大学机电工程学院,昆明650093;昆明理工大学机电工程学院,昆明650093【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TH311随着经济的发展，我国资源短缺问题将日益严峻，对于作为矿业基础的选矿行业的要求也在不断地提高。
生物药剂学与药物动力学专业词汇
生物药剂学与药物动力学专业词汇※<A>Absolute bioavailability, F 绝对生物利用度Absorption 吸收Absorption pharmacokinetics 吸收动力学Absorption routes 吸收途径Absorption rate 吸收速率Absorption rate constant 吸收速率常数Absorptive epithelium 吸收上皮Accumulation 累积Accumulation factor 累积因子Accuracy 准确度Acetylation 乙酰化Acid glycoprotein 酸性糖蛋白Active transport 主动转运Atomic absorption spectrometry 原子吸收光谱法Additive 加和型Additive errors 加和型误差Adipose 脂肪Administration protocol 给药方案Administration route 给药途径Adverse reaction 不良反应Age differences 年龄差异Akaike’s information criterion, AIC AIC判据Albumin 白蛋白All-or-none response 全或无效应Amino acid conjugation 氨基酸结合Analog 类似物Analysis of variance, ANOVA ANOVA方差分析Anatomic Volume 解剖学体积Antagonism 拮抗作用Antiproliferation assays 抑制增殖法Apical membrane 顶端表面Apoprotein 载脂蛋白脱辅基蛋白Apparatus 仪器Apparent volume of distribution 表观分布容积Area under the curve, AUC 曲线下面积Aromatisation 芳构化Artery 动脉室Artifical biological membrane 人工生物膜Aryl 芳基Ascorbic acid 抗坏血酸维生素C Assistant in study design 辅助实验设计Average steady-state plasma drug concentration 平均稳态血浆药物浓度Azo reductase 含氮还原酶※<B>Backward elimination 逆向剔除Bacteria flora 菌丛Basal membrane 基底膜Base structural model 基础结构模型Basolateral membrane 侧底膜Bayesian estimation 贝易斯氏评估法Bayesian optimization 贝易斯优化法Bile 胆汁Billiary clearance 胆汁清除率Biliary excretion 胆汁排泄Binding 结合Binding site 结合部位Bioactivation 生物活化Bioavailability, BA 生物利用度Bioequivalence, BE 生物等效性Biological factors 生理因素Biological half life 生物半衰期Biological specimen 生物样品Biomembrane limit 膜限速型Biopharmaceutics 生物药剂学Bioequivalency criteria 生物等效性判断标准Biotransformation 生物转化Biowaiver 生物豁免Blood brain barrier, BBB BBB血脑屏障Blood clearance 血液清除率Blood flow rate-limited models 血流速度限速模型Blood flux in tissue 组织血流量Body fluid 体液Buccal absorption of drug 口腔用药的吸收Buccal mucosa 口腔粘膜颊粘膜Buccal spray formulation 口腔喷雾制剂※<C>Capacity limited 容量限制Carrier mediated transport 载体转运Catenary model 链状模型Caucasion 白种人Central compartment 中央室Characteristic 特点Chelate 螯合物Chinese Traditional medicine products 中药制剂Cholesterol esterase 胆固醇酯酶Chromatogram 色谱图Circulation 循环Classification 分类Clearance 清除率Clinical testing in first phase I期临床试验Clinical testing in second phase Ⅱ期临床试验Clinical testing in third phase Ⅲ期临床试验Clinical trial 临床试验Clinical trial simulation 临床实验计划仿真Clockwise hysteresis loop 顺时针滞后回线Collection 采集Combined administration 合并用药Combined errors 结合型误差Common liposomes, CL 普通脂质体Compartment models 隔室模型Compartments 隔室Competitive interaction 竞争性相互作用Complements 补体Complex 络合物Confidential interval 置信区间Conjugation with glucuronic acid 葡萄糖醛酸结合Controlled-release preparations 控释制剂Control stream 控制文件Conventional tablet 普通片Convergence 收敛Convolution 卷积Corresponding relationship 对应关系Corticosteroids 皮质甾体类Counter-clockwise hysteresis loop 逆时针滞后回线Countermeasure 对策Course in infusion period 滴注期间Covariance 协方差Covariates 相关因素Creatinine 肌酐Creatinine clearance 肌酐清除率Cytochrome P450, CYP450 细胞色素P450 Cytoplasm 细胞质Cytosis 胞饮作用Cytosol 胞浆胞液质※<D>Data File 数据文件Data Inspection 检视数据Deamination 脱氨基Deconvolution 反卷积Degree of fluctuation, DF DF波动度Delayed release preparations 迟释制剂Desaturation 降低饱和度Desmosome 桥粒Desulfuration 脱硫Detoxication 解毒Diagnosis 诊断Diffusion 扩散作用Dietary factors 食物因素Displacement 置换作用Disposition 处置Dissolution 溶解作用Distribution 分布Dosage adjustment 剂量调整Dosage form 剂型Dosage form design 剂型设计Dosage regimen 给药方案Dose 剂量dose-proportionality study 剂量均衡研究Dropping pills 滴丸Drug absorption via eyes 眼部用药物的吸收Drug binding 药物结合Drug concentration in plasma 血浆中药物浓度Drug Delivery System, DDS 药物给药系统Drug interaction 药物相互作用Drug-plasma protein binding ratio 药物—血浆蛋白结合率Drug-Protein Binding 药物蛋白结合Drug transport to foetus 胎内转运※<E>Efficient concentration range 有效浓度范围Efflux 外排Electrolyte 电解质Electro-spray ionization, ESI 电喷雾离子化Elimination 消除Elimination rate constant 消除速度常数Elongation 延长Emulsion 乳剂Endocytosis 入胞作用Endoplasmic reticulum 内质网Enterohepatic cycle 肠肝循环Enzyme 酶Enzyme induction 酶诱导Enzyme inhibition 酶抑制Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays ELISA 酶联免疫法Enzymes or carrier-mediated system 酶或载体—传递系统Epithelium cell 上皮细胞Epoxide hydrolase 环化物水解酶Erosion 溶蚀Excretion 排泄Exocytosis 出胞作用Exons 外显子Experimental design 实验设计Experimental procedures 实验过程Exponential errors 指数型误差Exposure-response studies 疗效研究Extended least squares, ELS 扩展最小二乘法Extended-release preparations 缓控释制剂Extent of absorption 吸收程度External predictability 外延预见性Extraction ratio 抽取比Extract recovery rate 提取回收率Extrapolation 外推法Extravascular administration 血管外给药※<F>F test F检验Facilitated diffusion 促进扩散Factors of dosage forms 剂型因素Fasting 禁食Fibronectin 纤粘连蛋白First order rate 一级速度First Moment 一阶矩First order absorption 一级吸收First-order conditional estimation, FOCE 一级条件评估法First-order estimation, FO 一级评估法Fiest-order kinetics 一级动力学First pass effect 首过作用首过效应Fixed-effect parameters 固定效应参数Flavoprotein reductaseNADPH－细胞色素还原酶附属黄素蛋白还原酶Flow-through cell dissolution method 流室法Fluorescent detection method 荧光检测法Fraction of steady-state plasma drug concentration 达稳分数Free drug 游离药物Free drug concentration 游离药物浓度※<G>Gap junction 有隙结合Gas chromatography, GC 气相色谱法Gasrtointestinal tract, GI tract 胃肠道Gender differences 性别差异Generalized additive modeling, GAM 通用迭加模型化法Glimepiride 谷胱甘肽Global minimum 整体最小值Glomerular filtration 肾小球过滤Glomerular filtration rate, GFR 肾小球过滤率Glucuonide conjugation 葡萄糖醛酸结合Glutathione conjugation 谷胱甘肽结合Glycine conjugation 甘氨酸结合Glycocalyx 多糖—蛋白质复合体Goodness of Fit 拟合优度Graded response 梯度效应Graphic method 图解法Gut wall clearance肠壁清除率※<H>Half life 半衰期Health volunteers 健康志愿者Hemodialysis 血液透析Hepatic artery perfusion administration 肝动脉灌注给药Hepatic clearance, Clh 肝清除率Hierarchical Models 相同系列药物动力学模型High performance liquid chromatography, HPLC 高效液相色谱Higuchi equation Higuchi 方程Homologous 类似Human liver cytochrome P450 人类肝细胞色素P450 Hydrolysis 水解Hydroxylation 羟基化Hysteresis 滞后Hysteresis of plasma drug concentration 血药浓度滞后于药理效应Hysteresis of response 药理效应滞后于血药浓度※<I>Immunoradio metrec assays, IRMA 免疫放射定量法Incompatibility 配伍禁忌Independent 无关，独立Individual parameters 个体参数Individual variability 个体差异Individualization of drug dosage regimen 给药方案的个体化Inducer 诱导剂Induction 诱导Infusion 输注Inhibition 抑制Inhibitor 抑制剂Initial dose 速释部分Initial values 初始值Injection sites 注射部位Insulin 胰岛素Inter-compartmental clearance 隔室间清除率Inter-individual model 个体间模型Inter-individual random effects 个体间随机效应Inter-individual variability 个体间变异性Intermittence intravenous infusion 间歇静脉输液Internal predictability 内延预见性Inter-occasion random effects 实验间随机效应Intestinal bacterium flora 肠道菌丛Intestinal metabolism 肠道代谢Intra-individual model 个体内模型Intra-individual variability 个体内变异性Intramuscular administration 肌内给药Intramuscular injection 肌内注射Intra-peritoneal administration 腹腔给药Intravenous administration 静脉给药Intravenous infusion 静脉输液Intravenous injection 静脉注射Intrinsic clearance固有清除率内在清除率Inulin 菊粉In vitro experiments 体外试验In vitro–In vivo correlation, IVIVC 体外体内相关关系In vitro mean dissolution time, MDT vitro 体外平均溶出时间In vivo Mean dissolution time, MDT vivo 体内平均溶出时间Ion exchange 离子交换Isoform 异构体Isozyme 同工酶※<K>Kerckring 环状皱褶Kidney 肾※<L>Lag time 滞后时间Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换Lateral intercellular fluid 侧细胞间隙液Lateral membrane 侧细胞膜Least detection amount 最小检测量Linearity 线性Linear models 线性模型Linear regression method 线性回归法Linear relationship 线性关系Lipoprotein 脂蛋白Liposomes 脂质体Liver flow 肝血流Local minimum 局部最小值Loading dose 负荷剂量Logarithmic models 对数模型Long circulation time liposomes 长循环脂质体Loo-Riegelman method Loo-Riegelman法Lowest detection concentration 最低检测浓度Lowest limit of quantitation 定量下限Lowest steady-state plasma drug concentration 最低稳态血药浓度Lung clearance 肺清除率Lymphatic circulation 淋巴循环Lymphatic system 淋巴系统※<M>Maintenance dose 维持剂量Mass balance study 质量平衡研究Masticatory mucosa 咀嚼粘膜Maximum likelihood 最大似然性Mean absolute prediction error, MAPE 平均绝对预测误差Mean absorption time, MAT 平均吸收时间Mean disintegration time, MDIT 平均崩解时间Mean dissolution time, MDT 平均溶出时间Mean residence time, MRT 平均驻留时间Mean sojourn time 平均逗留时间Mean squares 均方Mean transit time 平均转运时间Membrane-limited models 膜限速模型Membrane-mobile transport 膜动转运Membrane transport 膜转运Metabolism 代谢Metabolism enzymes 代谢酶Metabolism locations 代谢部位Metabolites 代谢物Metabolites clearance, Clm 代谢物清除率Method of residuals 残数法剩余法Methylation 甲基化Michaelis-Menten equation 米氏方程Michaelis-Menten constant 米氏常数Microbial assays 微生物检定法Microsomal P－450 mixed-function oxygenases 肝微粒体P-450混合功能氧化酶Microspheres 微球Microvilli 微绒毛Minimum drug concentration in plasma 血浆中最小药物浓度Mixed effects modeling 混合效应模型化Mixed-function oxidase, MFO 混合功能氧化酶Models 模型Modeling efficiency 模型效能Model validation 模型验证Modified release preparations 调释制剂Molecular mechanisms 分子机制Mono-exponential equation 单指数项公式Mono-oxygenase 单氧加合酶Mucous membrane injury 粘膜损伤Multi-compartment models 多室模型延迟分布模型Multi-exponential equation 多指数项公式Multifactor analysis of variance, multifactor ANOVA 多因素方差分析Multiple dosage 多剂量给药Multiple-dosage function 多剂量函数Multiple-dosage regimen 多剂量给药方案Multiple intravenous injection 多次静脉注射Myoglobin 肌血球素※<N>Naive average data, NAD 简单平均数据法Naive pool data, NPD 简单合并数据法Nanoparticles 纳米粒Nasal cavity 鼻腔Nasal mucosa 鼻粘膜National Institute of Health 美国国立卫生研究所Nephron 肾原Nephrotoxicity 肾毒性No hysteresis 无滞后Non-compartmental analysis, NCA 非隔室模型法Non-compartmental assistant Technology 非隔室辅助技术Nonionized form 非离子型Nonlinear mixed effects models, NONMEM 非线性混合效应模型Nonlinear pharmacokinetics 非线性药物动力学Non-linear relationship 非线性关系Nonparametric test 非参数检验※<O>Objective function, OF 目标函数Observed values 观测值One-compartment model 一室模型（单室模型）Onset 发生Open randomized two-way crossover design 开放随机两路交叉实验设计Open crossover randomized design 开放交叉随机设计Oral administration 口服给药Ordinary least squares, OLS 常规最小二乘法Organ 器官Organ clearance 器官清除率Original data 原始数据Osmosis 渗透压作用Outlier 偏离数据Outlier consideration 异常值的考虑Over-parameterized 过度参数化Oxidation 氧化Oxidation reactions 氧化反应※<P>Paracellular pathway 细胞旁路通道Parameters 参数Passive diffusion 被动扩散Pathways 途径Patient 病人Peak concentration 峰浓度Peak concentration of drug in plasma 血浆中药物峰浓度Poly-peptide 多肽Percent of absorption 吸收百分数Percent of fluctuation, PF 波动百分数Perfused liver 灌注肝脏Period 周期Peripheral compartments 外周室Peristalsis 蠕动Permeability of cell membrane 细胞膜的通透性P-glycoprotein, p-gp P-糖蛋白Phagocytosis 吞噬Pharmaceutical dosage form 药物剂型pharmaceutical equivalents 药剂等效性Pharmacokinetic models 药物动力学模型Pharmacokinetic physiological models 药物动力学的生理模型Pharmacological effects 药理效应Pharmacologic efficacy 药理效应Pharmacokinetics, PK 药物动力学Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic link model 药物动力学-药效动力学统一模型Pharmacodynamics, PD 药效动力学Pharmacodynamic model 药效动力学模型Phase II metabolism 第II相代谢Phase I metabolism 第I相代谢pH-partition hypothesis pH分配假说Physiological function 生理功能Physiological compartment models 生理房室模型Physiological pharmacokinetic models 生理药物动力学模型Physiological pharmacokinetics 生理药物动力学模型Pigment 色素Physicochemical factors 理化因素Physicochemical property of drug 药物理化性质Physiological factors 生理因素Physiology 生理Physiological pharmacokinetic models 生理药物动力学模型Pinocytosis 吞噬Plasma drug concentration 血浆药物浓度Plasma drug concentration－time curve 血浆药物浓度-时间曲线Plasma drug-protein binding 血浆药物蛋白结合Plasma metabolite concentration 血浆代谢物浓度Plasma protein binding 血浆蛋白结合Plateau level 坪浓度Polymorphism 多态性Population average pharmacokinetic parameters 群体平均动力学参数Population model 群体模型Population parameters 群体参数Population pharmacokinetics 群体药物动力学Post-absorptive phase 吸收后相Post-distributive phase 分布后相Posterior probability 后发概率practical pharmacokinetic program 实用药代动力学计算程序Precision 精密度Preclinical 临床前的Prediction errors 预测偏差Prediction precision 预测精度Predicted values 拟合值Preliminary structural model 初始结构模型Primary active transport 原发性主动转运Principle of superposition 叠加原理Prior distribution 前置分布Prodrug 前体药物Proliferation assays 细胞增殖法Proportional 比例型Proportional errors 比例型误差Prosthehetic group 辅基Protein 蛋白质Pseudo-distribution equilibrium 伪分布平衡Pseudo steady state 伪稳态Pulmonary location 肺部Pulsatile drug delivery system 脉冲式释药系统※<Q、R>QQuality controlled samples 质控样品Quality control 质量控制Quick tissue 快分布组织RRadioimmuno assays, RIA 放射免疫法Random error model 随机误差模型Rapid intravenous injection 快速静脉注射Rate constants 速度常数Rate method 速度法Re-absorption 重吸收Receptor location 受体部位Recovery 回收率Rectal absorption 直肠吸收Rectal blood circulation 直肠部位的血液循环Rectal mucosa 直肠黏膜Reductase 还原酶Reduction 还原Reductive metabolism 还原代谢Reference individual 参比个体Reference product 参比制剂Relative bioavailability, Fr 相对生物利用度Release 释放Release medium 释放介质Release standard 释放度标准Renal 肾的Renal clearance, Clr 肾清除率Renal excretion 肾排泄Renal failure 肾衰Renal impairment 肾功能衰竭Renal tubular 肾小管Renal tubular re-absorption 肾小管重吸收Renal tubular secretion 肾小管分泌Repeatability 重现性Repeated one-point method 重复一点法Requirements 要求Research field 研究内容Reside 驻留Respiration 呼吸Respiration organ 呼吸器官Response 效应Residuals 残留误差Residual random effects 残留随机效应Reversal 恢复Rich Data 富集数据Ritschel one-point method Ritschel 一点法Rotating bottle method 转瓶法Rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum 粗面内质网Routes of administration 给药途径※<S、T>SSafety and efficacy therapy 安全有效用药Saliva 唾液Scale up 外推Scale-Up/Post-Approval Changes, SUPAC 放大/审批后变化Second moment 二阶矩Secondary active transport 继发性主动转运Secretion 分泌Sensitivity 灵敏度Serum creatinine 血清肌酐Sigma curve 西格玛曲线Sigma-minus method 亏量法（总和减量法）Sigmoid curve S型曲线Sigmoid model Hill’s方程Simulated design 模拟设计Single-dose administration 单剂量（单次）给药Single dose response 单剂量效应Sink condition 漏槽条件Skin 皮肤Slow Tissue 慢分布组织Smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum 滑面内质网Soluble cell sap fraction 可溶性细胞液部分Solvent drag effect 溶媒牵引效应Stability 稳定性Steady-state volume of distribution 稳态分布容积Sparse data 稀疏数据Special dosage forms 特殊剂型Special populations 特殊人群Specialized mucosa 特性粘膜Species 种属Species differences 种属差异Specificity 特异性专属性Square sum of residual error 残差平方和Stagnant layer 不流动水层Standard curve 标准曲线Standard two stage, STS 标准两步法Statistical analysis 统计分析Statistical moments 统计矩Statistical moment theory 统计矩原理Steady state 稳态Steady state plasma drug concentration 稳态血药浓度Stealth liposomes, SL 隐形脂质体Steroid 类固醇Steroid-sulfatases 类固醇－硫酸酯酶Structure 结构Structure and function of GI epithelial cells 胃肠道上皮细胞的构造与功能Subcutaneous injections 皮下注射Subgroup 亚群体Subjects 受试者Sublingual administration 舌下给药Sublingual mucosa 舌下粘膜Subpopulation 亚群Substrate 底物Sulfate conjugation 硫酸盐结合Sulfation 硫酸结合Sum of squares 平方和Summation 相加Superposition method 叠加法Susceptible subject 易受影响的患者Sustained-release preparations 缓释制剂Sweating 出汗Synergism 协同作用Systemic clearance 全身清除率TTargeting 靶向化Taylor expansion 泰勒展开Tenous capsule 眼球囊Test product 试验制剂Therapy drug monitoring, TDM 治疗药物监测Therapeutic index 治疗指数Thermospray 热喷雾Three-compartment models 三室模型Though concentration 谷浓度Though concentration during steady state 稳态谷浓度Thromboxane 血栓素Tight junction 紧密结合Tissue 组织Tissue components 组织成分Tissue interstitial fluid 组织间隙Tolerance 耐受性Topping effect 尖峰效应Total clearance 总清除率Toxication and emergency treatment 中毒急救Transcellular pathway 经细胞转运通道Transdermal absorption 经皮肤吸收Transdermal drug delivery 经皮给药Transdermal penetration 经皮渗透Transport 转运Transport mechanism of drug 药物的转运机理Trapezoidal rule 梯形法Treatment 处理Trial Simulator 实验计划仿真器Trophoblastic epithelium 营养上皮层Two-compartment models 二室模型Two one sided tests 双单侧t检验Two period 双周期Two preparations 双制剂Two-way crossover bioequivalence studies 双周期交叉生物等效性研究Typical value 典型值※<U~Z>UUnwanted 非预期的Uniformity 均一性Unit impulse response 单位刺激反应Unit line 单位线Urinary drug concentration 尿药浓度Urinary excretion 尿排泄Urinary excretion rate 尿排泄速率VVagina 阴道Vaginal Mucosa 阴道黏膜Validation 校验Variance of mean residence time, VRT 平均驻留时间的方差Vein 静脉室Villi 绒毛Viscre 内脏Volumes of distribution 分布容积volunteers or patients studies 人体试验WWagner method Wagner法Wagner-Nelson method Wagner-Nelson法Waiver requirements 放弃（生物等效性研究）要求Washout period 洗净期Weibull distribution function Weibull分布函数Weighted Least Squares WLS加权最小二乘法Weighted residuals 加权残留误差XXenobiotic 外源物, 异生素ZZero Moment 零阶矩Zero-order absorption 零级吸收Zero-order kinetics 零级动力学Zero order rate 零级速度Zero-order release 零级释放。
常规压力对采用非牛顿学流体润滑的光滑碟片
附录1 中文译文常规压力对采用非牛顿学流体润滑的光滑碟片表面的作用陈好升，李疆，陈大荣，王佳道1.国家摩擦学研究所，清华大学，中国北京，1000842.北京科技大学，机械工程系，中国，100083摘要：为了研究与分析非牛顿学流体在润滑光碟表面时常规压力所产生的影响，包含这个常规作用力的一个修正的瑞诺德公式被建立。
公式中对于第一常规压力不同的表述源自于瑞林-埃里克森第二流体定律和流体冲力公式。
光碟表面润滑的结果被计算从而用在了的瑞诺德分析公式之中。
在持久稳定的薄层润滑作用之下，常规的压力和负载受到正常速度的限制，因此在计算中可以直接省略。
当光滑流体的高度变化或者润滑膜的厚度下降时，常规的速度下降，故此此时需要在计算中考虑到第一常规压力的不同所产生的影响。
关键词：非牛顿学流体、第一常规压力差分、磁性数据存储系统。
1.介绍正如德布鲁尼和波致所说的那样，一个非牛顿润滑是在磁性记录系统中用来避免干燥接触。
事实已经证明了通过引入非牛顿学流体以高的剪切速度进行切向润滑是可以达到在光滑的覆盖表面之下显著降低压力的形成的效果。
为了能够明确说明非牛顿学流体在主要碟片表面的润滑作用，李旺龙提供了一个平均瑞诺德公式并且指出幂律流体的流动影响效率在负荷能力方面比表面粗糙度更加明显。
非牛顿流体的性能在对磁性光碟表面进行润滑时是重要的影响因素。
常规压力作用是非牛顿学流体的特性。
许多研究结果都证明了在许多润滑中常规压力的作用都有明显的增加，第一常规压力差分比第二常规压力差分更加明显。
常规压力的作用在润滑中需要被分析，第一常规压力差分的计算方法也需要去研究。
在这篇论文中，第一常规压力差分是一种具有可伸缩性的非牛顿流体，就像麦克斯韦尔流体，都源自于被建立的包含常规压力的润滑公式。
数字思想被用在计算光碟表面的润滑作用之中。
2.第一常规压力的解释第一常规压力来源于瑞林-埃里克森流体公式（1）。
式中，是压力，是剪切压力的张量，是剪切速率的张量，是流体粘质系数，是黏弹性流体的第二定律系数，是由材料的时间衍生出来的。
促进积极传播中心,美国加利福尼亚州索尔顿海槽地震活动在流体中的作用
1. Introduction
Mantle fluids have been interpreted to be associated with the San Andreas fault system in central and southern California [1]. The most promising source of mantle derived fluids comes from mantle wedge material, which was potentially hydrated and serpentinized during subduction prior to the formation of the San Andreas fault and which would subsequently dehydrate after the plate boundary along California transitioned from subduction to strike slip tectonics [2]. Fluids appear to enter the brittle fault zone at or near lithostatic pressure and thus may contribute to fault weakening because of high fluid pressure at seismogenic depths [3,4]. Seismicity and tomography suggest that for seismic events to occur in the lower crust, fluids as well as a rheologically strong lower crustal layer must be present in order to restrict the rise of fluids. There has been little consideration of whether ponded magma and exsolved fluids at the base of the crust could similarly trigger lower crustal events [5]. One of the few studies to point out that high pore pressure would be necessary to trigger such lower crustal events has been that of [6], who studied lower crustal earthquakes in the East African Rift and found no difference in rupture characteristics between upper and lower crustal events (based on
Fluent使用指南2
Fluent使用指南2第一步：网格1、读入网格（File→Read→Case）2、检查网格（Grid→Check）3、平滑网格（Grid→Smooth/Swap）4、更改网格的长度单位（Grid→Scale）5、显示网格（Display→Grid）第二步：建立求解模型1、保持求解器的默认设置不变（定常）2、开启标准K-ε湍流模型和标准壁面函数Define→Models→Viscous第三步：设置流体的物理属性ari→Density→viscosity→第四步：设置边界条件对outflow、velocity-inlet、wall 采用默认值第五步：求解1、Solv→Controls→Solution中，Discretitation→Pressure→standardPressure→Momentum→2、Solution Initialization→all zone3、Residual Monitors→Plot第六步:迭代第七步：进行后处理第八步：1、Define→Model→Evlerian2、在Vissous Model→K-epsilon Multiphase Model→Mixture 第九步：在Define Phase Model→Discrete phase ModelInteraction↓选中→Interaction With Continuous Phase Nomber of Continuous PhaseInteractions per DPM Interaction第十步：设置物理属性第十一步：Define→Operating →重力加速度Define→Boondary Conditionsflvid→Mixture→选中Sovrce Terms 其他默认Phase-1→选中Sovrce Terms 其他默认Phase-2→选中Sovrce Terms 其他默认inflow→Mixture→全部默认Phase-1→全部默认Phase-2→Multiphase→Volume Fraction→其他默认outflow→Mixture→默认Phase-1→默认Phase-2→默认wall→Mixture→全部默认Phase-1→默认Phase-2默认第十二步：Slove→Controls→Slution Controls→Pressure→Momentum→其余默认第十三步：千万不能再使用初始化第十四步：进行迭代计算截Z轴上的图:在Surface→iso↓Surface of constant↓Grid↓然后选x、y、z轴（根据具体情况而定）↓在Iso-Values→选取位置C的设置在New Surface Name中输入新各字→点创建然后在Display→Grid→Edge type→Feature→选中刚创建的那个面，然后Display查看刚才那面是否创建对最后在Display→Contours→Options→Filled→Surface→选中面，然后Display。
基于流固耦合的螺旋桨水动力性能数值仿真
基于流固耦合的螺旋桨水动力性能数值仿真黄胜;白雪夫;孙祥杰;陈广杰【摘要】According to the propeller theory, the Computational Fluid Dynamics technology based on the vicious lfow theory has been combined with the structural ifnite element analysis method to establish a numerical simulation method for the propeller lfuid-structure interaction. By using this method, it carries out the calculation and analysis of propellers. The results are consistent with the experimental results by comparison. For the same metal propeller at low advance velocity, it is proved that the results calculated by the proposed FSI method are more accurate than the traditional CFD method. It then presents the advantages of lfuid-structure interaction numerical method for the investigation of the composite propellers from many aspects, which provides the essential tool for its performance analysis.%根据螺旋桨理论，将基于粘流理论的计算流体动力学方法与结构有限元分析方法相结合，构建螺旋桨的流固耦合数值仿真方法。
临床试验中所有涉及到得英文翻译
险分别是：养老保险:单位每个月为你缴纳21%,你自己缴纳8%;医疗保险:单位每个月为你缴纳9%,你自己缴纳2%外加10块钱的大病统筹(大病统筹主要管住院这块);失业保险:单位每个月为你缴纳2%,你自己缴纳1%;工伤保险:单位每个月为你缴纳0.5%,你自己一分钱也不要缴;生育保险:单位每个月为你缴纳0.8%,你自己一分钱也不要缴;住房公积金:单位每个月为你缴纳8%,你自己缴纳8%以上,这么算下来,单位每个月为你缴纳的社保比例应该是21%+9%+2%+0.5%+0.8%+8%=41.3%你自己每个月为你缴纳的社保比例应该是8%+2%+10块+1%+8%=19%+10块statement of agreement 协议声明Participant Information 参加者信息Informed Consent Form 知情同意书Sponsor 申办者Study Site 研究地址approve 批准moderate to severe psoriasis 中度至重度银屑病local operation entity 当地运营实体Research and Development, Inc 研发公司Xian-Janssen Pharmaceutical Ltd 西安杨森制药有限公司the electrical activity of the heartover time心脏随时间推移的电活动be required to fast from food andliquid禁用食物和液体qualitative analysis 定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析instrumental analysis 仪器分析法flow injection analysis；FIA 流动注射分析法determinate error 可定误差coefficient of variation 变异系数confidence level 置信水平level of significance 显著性水平pooled standard debiation 合并标准偏差（组合标准差）rejection quotient ;Q 舍弃商volumetric analysis 容量分析法titrametric analysis 滴定分析法stoichiometric point 化学计量点equivalent point 等当点charge balance 电荷平衡charge balance equation 电荷平衡式mass balance 质量平衡material balance 物料平衡mass balance equation 质量平衡式acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂acid-base titrations 酸碱滴定法autoprotolysis reaction 质子自递反应constant 常数proton balance equation 质子条件式colour change interval 变色范围protonic solvent 质子溶剂aprotic solvent 无质子溶剂differentiating effect 均化效应differentiating solvent 区分性溶剂amphototeric solvent 两性溶剂dissociation 离解crystal violet 结晶紫α-naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol 萘酚苯甲醇quinadinered 奎哪啶红thymol blue 百里酚蓝azo violet 偶氮紫bromophenol blue 溴酚蓝compleximetry 配位滴定法ischemic preconditioning 缺血预适应simple ischemia-reperfusion injury单纯缺血与再灌注损伤组groupLeukocyte 白血球Floating gel 漂浮凝胶acid concentration of the medium 介质酸浓度Alginic acid 海藻酸Aluminium hydroxide 氢氧化铝antacid activity 抗酸活性Antacid agent 抗酸剂Anti-reflux agent 抗返流剂benzyl alcohol 苯甲醇blinding agent 粘合剂Bulking agent 填充剂Calcium carbonate 碳酸钙carbonate 碳酸盐combinations 复方Comparative active ingredient活性成分组成的比较compositionsDetermination of pH gradient in vitro 体外PH梯度测定Dextrates 葡萄糖结合剂drug product 制剂drug substance 原料药duration 持续时间Excipients 辅料Filling agent 填充剂Flavour 香精/香料Formation of a floating gel in vitro 漂浮凝胶在体外的形成function of the acid concentration of介质酸浓度函数the mediumGaviscon? tablets Gaviscon?片Glucose monohydrate 一水葡萄糖Granulating agent 制粒溶剂Heavy magnesium carbonate 重质碳酸镁In-house monograph 内部专论Lemon cream flavour 柠檬奶油香精/香料Lubricant 润滑剂magnesium carbonate 碳酸镁magnesium carbonate gel 碳酸镁凝胶magnesium chloride 氯化镁Magnesium stearate 硬脂酸镁Magnesium trisilicate 三硅酸镁Mean “raft” pH平均“筏”PhPeak “intra-gastric” pH胃内峰PHpeppermint flavour 薄荷香料/香精pH gradient pH 梯度pharmaceutical development 制药开发Povidone 聚维酮Quantitative composition 定量组成raft 筏Raft booster 筏推动剂Rennie? Dual Action tablets 罗内?双效片Rennie? Duo, chewable tablets 罗内?Duo咀嚼片Rennie? Duo, oral suspension 罗内?Duo口服混悬剂RENNIE? LIQUID 罗内?液体剂Saccharin sodium 糖精钠Sodium alginate海藻酸钠 Sodium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠 sodium chloride氯化钠 Sodium hydrogen carbonate碳酸氢钠 sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate对羟基苯甲酸丙酯钠 stearate硬脂酸盐 Sucrose蔗糖 Sweetener甜味剂 symptomatic treatment症状性治疗 Talc滑石粉 Xanthan gum黄原胶 6-1 ：David Grimes 教授演讲部分 long acting contraception长效避孕法 The role of long acting contraception in family planning长效避孕法在计划生育中发挥的作用 long-acting reversible contraception 长效可逆性避孕法 forgettable contraception遗忘式避孕法 overt act专门措施 Coital frequency性交频率 Progestin injection黄体酮注射 Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate 长效醋酸甲羟孕酮（DMPA ）Intrauterine Contraception 宫内避孕法 Levonorgestrel Releasing System 左炔诺孕酮释放系统 Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS)左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统（LNG-IUS ） Single-rod progestin implant单棒黄体酮植入物 fibroids, hemoglobinopathy纤维瘤，血红蛋白病 surrogate end points替代终点 risk of ectopic pregnancies异位妊娠风险 tubal infertility输卵管性不孕 Gross Removal Rates总取出率 Levonorgestrel IUS左炔诺孕酮IUS Barrier methods屏障法 Venous thromboembolism静脉血栓形成 hysterectomy子宫切除术 endometriosis子宫内膜异位症 perimenopausal symptoms围绝经期症状 Hemoglobin and ferritin血红蛋白和铁蛋白 parous women经产妇 nulliparous women未产妇 menorrhagia / dysmenorrhea 月经过多/痛经uterine involution 子宫复旧Perforation rate 穿孔率Expulsion frequency 排出率estrogen and progesterone receptors 雌激素和孕酮受体expulsion / salpingitis 排出/输卵管炎curettage 刮除术mifepristone 米非司酮Lactation 哺乳期/泌乳partum 分娩spotting and bleeding 出血和点状出血Full breast-feeding 完全母乳喂养antiphospholipid syndrome 抗磷脂综合征anticoagulation 抗凝药estradiol 雌二醇6-2 ：Dr. Ritva Hurskainen 演讲部分endometrial resection / ablation 子宫内膜切除/消融术Submucous fibroids 黏膜下纤维化Endometrial polyps 子宫内膜息肉Ovarian tumours or cysts 卵巢肿瘤或囊肿uterine malformation 子宫畸形acne 痤疮Levonorgestrel-ReleasingIntrauterine System左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统Health-Related Quality of Life 健康相关生存质量Bladder-emptying 膀胱排空Urge incontinence 尿失禁Stress incontinence 压力性失禁Tranexamic acid 氨甲环酸Norethisterone 炔诺酮Myomectomy or uterine artery embolisation 子宫肌瘤剔除术或子宫动脉栓塞术endometrial ablation 子宫内膜消融术6-2 ：Yu Qi 教授演讲部分Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) 月经过多 (HMB) injected progestogens 孕激素注射剂Health Economics 卫生经济学Oophorectomy with hysterectomy 卵巢切除术联合子宫切除术Dilatation and curettage 扩刮术Impedance-controlled bipolar 阻抗控制双极射频消融术radiofrequency ablationFluid-filled thermal balloon endometrial ablation (TBEA) 充液热球囊子宫内膜消融术Microwave endometrial ablation(MEA)微波子宫内膜消融术Free fluid thermal endometrial ablation 自由流体热子宫内膜消融术Care Pathway for HMB (1) HMB的诊治路径Intermenstrual bleeding 月经间期出血Anovulatory DUB 无排卵型DUB Ovulatory DUB 排卵型DUB gynecologic complaints 妇科主诉Anti-fibrinolysis drugs 抗纤溶药Endometrial Atrophy Therapy 子宫内膜萎缩疗法Inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis 前列腺素合成抑制剂Flufenamic Acid 氟芬那酸6-2：Session 4 (Day 2) 部分的词汇menstrual disorders 月经紊乱Cervical glands 宫颈腺体Abortifacient 堕胎者Cervical smears 宫颈涂片Pelvic infection 盆腔感染Valvular heart disease 心脏瓣膜疾病Amenorrhea 闭经Menache 初潮Menstruation 行经Menopause 绝经cyclical norethisterone 环炔诺酮Non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs 非甾体类抗炎药Strong premenstrual symptoms 重度经前症状 (PMS) Contraceptive patch or ring 避孕贴或避孕环Progestin oral pills 孕激素口服片剂drospirenon 屈螺酮Migraine 偏头痛Migraine without aura 无预兆的偏头痛Ovarian cysts 卵巢囊肿flange 凸缘Paracervical blockade 宫颈旁阻滞麻醉Ibuprofen 布洛芬anteverted uterus 前倾子宫retroverted uterus 后倾子宫misoprostol 米索前列醇bleeding pattern 出血模式endometrial hyperplasia 子宫内膜增生tamoxifen 他莫西芬Clin Conf 1 - Contraception &ProfGrimes1 词汇Anovulation 停止排卵Premature ovarian failure 卵巢早衰Hyperprolactinaemia 高泌乳素血症Hypothyroidism 甲减Transvaginal ultrasound 经阴道超声Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) 多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS) Combined oral contraception 联合口服药避孕说明书Packaging Insert药品名称Article Name通用名称Generic Name汉语拼音Name In Bopomofo成分Ingredients作用类别/主治功能Function and indication 规格Strengths注意事项Precautions药物相互作用Drug Interaction有效期Expire date执行标准Executive Standard国家药品标准National drug standard批准文号Approval Document No 国药准字Guo yao zhun zi修订日期Revision Date生产地址Address of Facility如果有问题Please contact the manufacturer in case of any problem止痒Relieving Itching消炎Diminishing Inflammation非处方non-prescription (OTC) 英文中文Fly Sheet 扉页intra-individually controlled 个体自身对照dose-eomparative 剂量比较open-label 公开标签Clinical trial phase 临床试验阶段diagnostic confidence 诊断置信度qualitative evaluation 定性评价quantitative evaluation 定量评价global evaluation 总体评价physical examination 体格检查Synopsis 纲要confidence intervals. 置信区间Duration of treatment 治疗期/治疗持续时间mode of admin. 给药方式Reference therapy 参照疗法Criteria for evaluation 评价标准Efficacy 有效性signal intensity ratio 信号强度比overall visualization 总体显影c1inieal differenee 临床差异Trial Manager 试验主管Trial Director 试验总监Co-investigator 助理研究者Formulation 制剂Type of formulation 剂型Specific radioactivity 比放射性drug substance 原料药Vehicle composition 赋形剂成分Generic name 通用名Study design and plan 研究设计和计划description of rationale 原理说明Overview and justification 概述和论证Study configuration: 研究结构Level of blinding: 设盲水平Investigational product 试验性药物Interim analyses 中期分析steering committees 指导委员会Protocol amendments 方案修正Sampie size 样本量Molecular weight 分子量Structural formula 结构式Molecular formula: 分子式osmolality 克分子渗透压浓度viscosity 粘度Qualitative evaluation 定量评价localisation of lesion ? 病灶定位visualization of lesion ? 病灶显影characterization of lesion ? 病灶特征记述Equivocal 模糊No contrast 无差异Referral diagnosis 转诊诊断Pre-conifastt MRI diagnosis 增强前MRI诊断Drug relationship 药物相关性Intensity 严重程度Flow chart of trial activities 试验流程图imaging 影像学检查Baseline period 基线期Drop-outs 脱落Deviations from the trial protocol 与试验方案的背离Target variabies 靶变量Disposition of sUbjects 受试者安排Ethnic group 种族Medication history 治疗史Medical and surgical history 病史和手术史abnormal findings 异常发现pulse rate 脉率systolic blood pressure 收缩压diastolic blood pressure 舒张压general appearanee 一般状态primary tumor 原发肿瘤metastases 转移灶multiple sclerosis 多发性硬化症angiography 血管造影myelography 脊髓造影Data sets analyzed 数据组分析Diagnostic confidence: 诊断置信度Optimal injection 最佳注射Overall visualization 总体显影度signal intensity ratio 信号强度比contrast to noise ratio 对比噪声比Total drug exposure 总的药物暴露test article 供试品Text tables 正文表格Box plot 箱线图Scatter diagrams 散点图contrast agents造影剂 efficacy evaluation有效性评价 plain scans平扫 worsened变差 extent of exposure暴露程度 Total drug exposure总的药物暴露 Display and analysis of adverse events 不良事件的陈述和分析 weakness of extension伸展无力 involuntary tremor不自主震颤 tolerance indicators容许指示剂 Title Page标题页 Good Clinical Practice (GCP).药物临床试验质量管理规范（GCP ） Analysis set分析集 Intent - to - treat population意向治疗人群 Preferred population首选人群 Reader 1读片者1 blinded reading盲态读片 False positive lesions假阳性病变 Sensitivity and specificity in liver segment involvement肝段受累的敏感性和特异性 liver lobes肝叶 pooled segments混合段 pre-contrast MRI造影前MRI combined pre-and post MRI联合造影前/后MRI Lesion classification病变分类 lesion type病变类型 Assessment of enhancement增强的评估 (dynamic imaging and hepatocytephase)动态影像和肝细胞相 Signal-to-noise ratio信噪比 Contrast-to-noise ratio对比噪声比 Independent Ethics Committee (IEC) 独立伦理委员会（IEC ）Institutional Review Board (IRB)机构审查委员会（IRB ） Ethical conduct伦理学实施 study administrative structure研究行政结构 Comparators对比方法 Prior and concomitant therapy既往和目前的合用药物 Diffuse liver disease弥漫性肝病 Focal liver lesions 肝脏局灶性病变 Trackable/untrackable focal liver 可追踪性/不可追踪性肝lesions脏局灶性病变 Liver maps肝脏图谱 Lesion detection病变检出 Lesion characterization病变鉴定 Morphology形态学 Biliary system imaging增强的评估 Artifacts伪像 pre-contrast T2-weighted sequences 造影前T2加权序列 Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS)术中超声（IOUS ） Required pulse sequences规定的脉冲序列 Adjustments of image size and contrast 图像大小和对比度的调整 Biliary system imaging胆道系统成像 presence of thrombus有血栓 Adjustments for covariates对协变量的调整 Examination of subgroups亚组检查 Drug-drug and drug-diseaseinteractions药物-药物相互作用和药物-疾病相互作用 specified diffuse liver disease特定弥漫性肝病 matched lesions匹配病变 Number of correctly and incorrectly classified lesions正确和错误分类病变的数量 Mass Effect占位效应 Enhancement patterns 增强模式 New Atrial Extrasystoles Postbaseline 基线后新出现房性期外收缩New Ventricular ExtrasystolesPostbaseline基线后新出现室性期外收缩 PRODUCT MONOGRAPH药品专论 Intravenous contrast enhancement agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)静脉注射的磁共振成像（MRI ）造影剂 Submission Control No:提交文件控制号 Elimination清除 Hepatic Insufficiency肝功能不全 DOSAGE FORMS, COMPOSITION ANDPACKAGING剂型、成分和包装 Proper name专有名称 Physical form外观 Solubility溶解性 pH in water水溶液的pH Osmolality 渗透压Density密度 Bi-phasic enhanced spiral CT双相增强螺旋CT Animal Pharmacology动物药理学 Human Pharmacology人体药理学 Insufficiency功能不全 Repeated-Dose Toxicity多次给药毒性 Genotoxic Potential遗传毒性可能性 Tumorigenicity and Carcinogenicity 致肿瘤性和致癌性 Reproductive Toxicology生殖毒理学 Local Tolerance and SensitizingPotential局部耐受性和致敏可能性 Formulation number制剂编号 Substance code number原料药代码编号 specifications规格 release date发布日期 This edition supersedes替代版本 Property of Bayer Schering Pharma 所有权归Bayer ScheringPharma 所有Physical, chemical and pharmaceutical properties and formulation 物理、化学以及药理学特性和剂型Description of Drug Substance 药品说明Product interaction 产品相互作用Special Populations 特殊人群Mean (SD) serum concentrations 平均（SD ）血清浓度fecal excretion 粪便排泄量compartment model dependent （CMD ） 间室模型依赖 renal clearance 肾清除率total clearance 总清除率beats per minute(bpm) 每分钟心跳次数end stage renal failure （ESRF ） 终末阶段肾衰focal nodular hyperplasia(FNH) 局灶结节性增生field of view(FOV) 视野gradient echo(GRE) 梯度回波Hoechst Adverse Events Reaction Thesaurus System(HARTS) Hoechst 不良事件反应词典系统Gd-EOB-DTPA 钆-EOB-DTPA ，钆塞酸high pressure liquidchromatography(HPLC)高压液相色谱 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy(ICPAES )电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法 Specific Rotation 比旋光度Partition Coefficient 分配系数Time Profile 时间特征Elimination Profile 消除曲线Biotransformation 生物转化volume of distribution at steady state 稳态下分布体积repetition time 保留时间time of echo 回声时间terminal half-life 终末半衰期initial half-life 初始半衰期no observable effect level 不可观察的反应水平microsoft disk operating system 微软磁盘操作系统mean residence time 平均停留时间magnetic resonance imaging 磁共振成像magnetic resonance 核磁共振minimum lethal dose 最低致死剂量Medical Dictionary for Regulatory国际医学用语词典Activitiesmean corpuscular volume 平均血细胞体积mean corpuscular hemoglobin 红细胞平均血红蛋白含量Intraoperative ultrasound 术中超声医学英语中的缩写词aa——各et——及、和Rp.——取、请取sig./S.——用法、指示St./Stat.——立即、急速Cit.——急速s.o.s.——需要时p.r.n——必要时a.c.——饭前p.c.——饭后a.m.——上午p.m.——下午q.n.——每晚h.s.——睡前q.h.——每小时q.d.——每日1次B.i.d.——每日2次T.i.d.——每日3次Q.i.d.——每日4次q.4h.——每4小时1次p.o.——口服ad us.int.——内服ad us.ext.——外用H.——皮下注射im./M.——肌肉注射iv./V.——静脉注射iv gtt.——静脉滴注Inhal.——吸入O.D.——右眼O.L.——左眼O.S.——单眼O.U.——双眼No./N.——数目、个s.s——一半ug.——微克mg.——毫克g.——克kg.——千克（公斤）ml.——毫升L.——升q.s——适量Ad.——加至Aq.——水Aq.dest.——蒸馏水Ft.——配成Dil——稀释M.D.S.——混合后给予Co./Comp.——复方的Mist——合剂Pulv.——散剂Amp.——安瓿剂Emul.——乳剂Syr.——糖浆剂Tr.——酊剂Neb.——喷雾剂Garg.——含漱剂rtt./gutt.——滴、滴眼剂collyr.——洗眼剂Ocul.——眼膏Liq.——溶液剂Sol.——溶液Lot.——洗剂Linim.——擦剂Crem.——乳膏剂（冷霜）Ung.——软膏剂Past.——糊剂Ol.——油剂Enem.——灌肠剂Supp.——栓剂Tab.——片剂Pil.——丸剂Caps.——胶囊剂Inj.——注射剂。
fluent壁面粘附力模型与粗糙度
英文回答：The fluent adhesion force model represents a critical factor inprehending the interaction between a solid surface and a fluid medium. Its significance lies in its ability to forecast the behavior of fluid flow over a boundary and is indispensable in the design of efficient fluid control systems. This model considers both the physical and chemical attributes of the surface, as well as the fluid properties, to ascertain the adhesion force. Various factors, such as surface roughness and fluid viscosity, can impact the adhesion force model. Therefore, aprehensive understanding of the fluent adhesion force model and its correlation with surface roughness is imperative for a multitude of industrial and scientific applications.流畅的粘合力模型代表了预先形成固体表面与流畅介质之间相互作用的关键因素。
它的重要性在于它能够预测流体流过边界的行为，并且在设计高效流体控制系统方面是不可或缺的。
北疆卡鲁安Li-Be-Nb-Ta伟晶岩岩浆-热液过渡过程与晶体-熔体-流体相互作用：锆石矿物学记录
ｄｏｉ：１０．１８６５４／１００，罗耀清，白应雄等．２０２３．北疆卡鲁安 ＬｉＢｅＮｂＴａ伟晶岩岩浆热液过渡过程与晶体熔体流体相互作用：锆石矿物学 记录．岩石学报，３９（１１）：３３５３－３３６８，ｄｏｉ：１０．１８６５４／１０００－０５６９／２０２３．１１．０９
Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ ＴｈｅＫａｌｕａｎｒａｒｅｍｅｔａｌｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｓｉｎＡｌｔａｉｏｒｏｇｅｎｙｂｅｌｔ，ｎｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇｈｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｌｙｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＬｉ，Ｂｅ，Ｎｂａｎｄ ＴａｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓＴｈｉｓｓｔｕｄｙｓｈｏｗｓｚｉｒｃｏｎｉｎＡｌｂｉｔｅｑｕａｒｔｚｍｕｓｃｏｖｉｔｅｚｏｎｅ（Ⅰ），Ｓｐｏｄｕｍｅｎｅａｌｂｉｔｅｑｕａｒｔｚｚｏｎｅ（Ⅱ），ａｎｄｌｅｐｉｄｏｌｉｔｅ ｓｐｏｄｕｍｅｎｅａｌｂｉｔｅｑｕａｒｔｚｚｏｎｅ（Ⅲ）ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｓｅＬｉｒｉｃｈｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｓｗｉｔｈｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｅｘｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓＴｈｒｅｅｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｚｉｒｃｏｎ（ＺｒＰ， ＺｒＡａｎｄＺｒＯ）ｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄｉｎｅａｃｈｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌｚｏｎｅｓＺｒＰｚｉｒｃｏｎｓａｒｅｈｏｍｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓａｎｄ／ｏｒｏｓｃｉｌｌａｔｏｒｙｚｏｎｅｄｕｎｄｅｒＣＬｉｍａｇｅｓ， ａｎｄｈａｖｅｓｉｍｉｌａｒｌｏｗｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓｏｆＨｆＯ２，Ｌｉ，Ｂｅ，Ａｌ，Ｐ，Ｃａ，Ｆｅ，Ｎｂ，ＣｓａｎｄＴａＴｈｅＺｒＰＩａｎｄＺｒＰⅡ ｚｉｒｃｏｎｓａｒｅｓｌｉｇｔｌｙｅｎｒｉｃｈｅｄ ｈｅａｖｙＲＥＥｓｉｎｃｈｏｎｄｒｉｔｅｎｏｒｍａｌｉｚｅｄＲＥＥｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓ，ｗｈｉｌｅＺｒＰⅢ ｚｉｒｃｏｎｓｓｈｏｗｆｌａｔＲＥＥｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓｗｉｔｈｃｏｎｖｅｘｔｅｔｒａｄｅｆｆｅｃｔｓＴｈｅｓｅ ｚｉｒｃｏｎｓａｒｅｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔｅｄｔｏｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｐｒｉｍａｒｙｍａｇｍａｔｉｃｚｉｒｃｏｎｆｏｒｍｅｄｉｎｅｖｏｌｖｅｄｍｅｌｔｗｉｔｈｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｌｃｒｙｓｔａｌｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｐａｔｉｔｅａｎｄｇａｒｎｅｔ， ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｍｅｌｔｆｌｕｉｄｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎＺｒＡ ｚｉｒｃｏｎｓａｒｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｂｙｉｎｈｏｍｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓＣＬｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙ，ｐｏｒｏｕｓｔｅｘｔｕｒｅ，ａｎｄｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇ ｎｕｍｅｒｏｕｓｔｉｎｙＵａｎｄ／ｏｒＴｈｒｉｃｈｍｉｎｅｒａｌｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｓＴｈｅｙｃｏｎｔａｉｎｈｉｇｈｅｒＢｅ，Ａｌ，Ｐ，Ｃａ，Ｆｅ，Ｎｂ，ＣｓａｎｄＴａｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｓＺｒＡⅡ ａｎｄｍａｎｙＺｒＡⅠ ｚｉｒｃｏｎｓａｒｅｓｌｉｇｔｌｙｅｎｒｉｃｈｅｄｌｉｇｈｔＲＥＥｓａｎｄｓｈｏｗＭｔｙｐｅＲＥＥｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓ，ｗｈｉｌｅＺｒＡⅢ ｚｉｒｃｏｎｓｈａｒｅｓｓａｍｅＲＥＥｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓ ｗｉｔｈＺｒＰⅢＴｈｅｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔｔｅｘｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓａｒｅｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｔｏｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｔｈｅａｌｔｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｒｉｍａｒｙｍａｇｍａｔｉｃｚｉｒｃｏｎｓｄｕｅｔｏａｄｉｓｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ ｒｅｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍＩｔｉｓｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔｅｄｔｈａｔＺｒＡⅠ ａｎｄＺｒＡⅡ ｚｉｒｃｏｎｓａｒｅｆｏｒｍｅｄｉｎｍａｇｍａｔｉｃｈｙｄｒｏｔｈｅｒｍａｌｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｖｉａ ｃｒｙｓｔａｌｍｅｌｔｆｌｕｉｄｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｔｈａｔＺｒＡⅢ ｚｉｒｃｏｎｓａｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｔｈｅｒｍａｌｍｅｔａｓｏｍａｔｉｓｍＺｒＯ ｚｉｒｃｏｎｓａｒｅｌａｔｅｐｈａｓｅｗｉｔｈ ｈｏｍｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓｌｙｈｉｇｈＣＬｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙ，ｌｏｗＵＯ２ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ，ａｎｄｓｉｍｉｌａｒＨｆＯ２，Ｌｉ，Ｂｅ，Ａｌ，Ｐ，Ｃａ，Ｆｅ，Ｎｂ，ＣｓａｎｄＴａｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓｔｏｐｒｉｍａｒｙ ｍａｇｍａｔｉｃＺｒＰｚｉｒｃｏｎＴｈｅＲＥＥｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓｏｆＺｒＯⅠ ，ＺｒＯⅡ ａｎｄＺｒＯⅢ ａｒｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔＴｈｅｓｅｚｉｒｃｏｎｓａｒｅｅｘｐｌａｉｎｅｄｔｏｂｅｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｅｄｆｒｏｍ ｈｙｄｒｏｔｈｅｒｍａｌｆｌｕｉｄｓｔｈａｔｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｙｅｘｓｏｌｖｅｄｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅｅｖｏｌｖｅｄｍｅｌｔａｔｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｓｔａｇｅｓ Ｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙ，ｉｔｉｓｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｔｅｄ ｍａｇｍａｔｉｃ ｈｙｄｒｏｔｈｅｒｍａｌｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｈｙｄｒｏｔｈｅｒｍａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓａｒｅｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｅＫａｌｕａｎ Ｌｉｒｉｃｈ ｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｓｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ Ｃｒｙｓｔａｌｍｅｌｔｆｌｕｉｄ ｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｆｔｅｒｆｌｕｉｄ ｅｘｓｏｌｖｔｉｏｎ ｒｅｍｏｂｉｌｉｚｅｓｔｈｅ Ｌｉｆｒｏｍ ｓｐｏｄｕｍｅｎｅ ａｎｄ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｆｏｒｌａｔｅｓｔａｇｅ ｌｅｐｉｄｏｌｉｔｅ ｍｉｎｅｒａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ Ｚｉｒｃｏｎ；Ｍａｇｍａｔｉｃｈｙｄｒｏｔｈｅｒｍａｌｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎ；Ｃｒｙｓｔａｌｍｅｌｔｆｌｕｉｄｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎ；Ｌｉｔｈｉｕｍｒｉｃｈｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅ；Ｋａｌｕａｎ
流固耦合FluidStructureInteraction
FV Mesh
n
CSM CFD
n+1
n+2
©2015 CD-adapco, All Rights Reserved.
动网格功能
网格的Morphing
• 主要针对变形量比较小的情况
• Overset Mesh
• 允许大的刚体运动 • 无需网格重构
©2015 CD-adapco, All Rights Reserved.
能源
• Wind Turbine Blades • Riser Vortex Induced Vibration
透平机械
• Blade Cooling • Flutter
生命科学
• Blood Circulatory • Pulmonary • Pharma
汽车
• Under Hood • Roof Deflector • Hydroplaning • Fuel Tank Sloshing
FSI
数据映射 • CCM+可以导入/导出结构 的模型/结果数据 • 壳和体的映射 • 灵活自动
CoSimulation
CAE Mapping
©2015 CD-adapco, All Rights Reserved.
FSI Examples
©2015 CD-adapco, All Rights Reserved.
简介
连续介质力学
固体力学
牛顿第二定律
流体力学
N-S方程形式的牛顿第二定律
弹性材料: 胡克定律 塑性材料:
牛顿流体: Stokes 非牛顿流体:
静力学 (无惯性力) 动力学
稳态(惯性力) 瞬态 (与时间相关的流场)
©2015 CD-adapco, All Rights Reserved.
加拿大Beaverlodge_地区花岗岩型铀矿地质特征
第39卷第4期2022年12月World Nuclear Geoscience世界核地质科学Vol.39No.4Dec.2022DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-0636.2022.04.005加拿大Beaverlodge 地区花岗岩型铀矿地质特征周龙跃1，2，许可1，2，邓腾1，2，3，许德如1，2，3，李增华1，2，3（1.东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室，江西南昌330013；2.东华理工大学地球科学学院，江西南昌330013；3.东华理工大学江西省放射性地学大数据技术工程实验室，江西南昌330013）［摘要］加拿大Beaverlodge 地区是世界上重要的花岗岩型铀矿产地。
该区主要由太古宙-古元古代花岗质基底和上-中元古代盖层组成，经历四次区域性构造变形事件（D1~D4）。
根据矿体地质特征，铀矿化可划分为碎裂岩型、张性脉型、交代岩型、角砾岩型、火山岩型和Athabasca 型。
成矿流体可能来源于变质流体、深部盆地流体和大气降水。
铀矿化形成于2293~1620Ma ，与Arrowsmith 造山期的脆性构造变形、花岗岩浆活动、Thelon-Taltson 造山期的构造-变质作用、Trans-Hudson 造山期后的火山作用和Mazatzal 造山期的Athabasca 盆地构造活化有关。
减压沸腾、温度降低、水岩反应和流体混合等作用导致的成矿流体的物理化学性质改变，是控制区内铀成矿的主要机制。
［关键词］Beaverlodge 地区；花岗岩型铀矿；地质特征；成矿流体［文章编号］1672-0636（2022）04-0675-10［中图分类号］P611；P619.14［文献标志码］AGeological Characteristics of Granite-type Uranium Deposit inBeaverlodge ，CanadaZHOU Longyue 1,2，XU Ke 1,2，DENG Teng 1,2,3，XU Deru 1,2,3，LI Zenghua 1,2,3（1.State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment ，East China University of Technology ，Nanchang ，Jiangxi 330013，China ；2.School of Earth Sciences ，East China University of Technology ，Nanchang ，Jiangxi 330013，China ；3.Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory on Radioactive Geoscience and Big Data Technology ，East China University ofTechnology ，Nanchang ，Jiangxi 330013，China ）Abstract ：The Beaverlodge area in Canada is an important granite-related uranium mining base in the world.The rocks in this area comprise basement granitoids of Archean and Paleoproterozoic ages and supracrustal rocks of Paleo-Mesoproterozoic ages ，and underwent four regionaldeformation events (D1-D4).According to the geological characteristics of the ore bodies ，uranium minerocization can be divided into cataclasite-，tensional vein-，metasomatism-，breccia-，volcanic-and Athabasca-type.The associated mineralizing fluids could be of metamorphic ，basinal or meteoric origin.Uranium mineralization ，formed between 2293and1620Ma ，was associated with brittle deformation of the Arrowsmith orogen ，granitic magmatism ，［基金项目］国家自然科学基金（编号：No.42002090、No.41930428）；江西省双千项目（编号：No.SQJH2019XDR ）；东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室开放基金项目（编号：No.NRE1915）；2019年度江西省研究生创新基金（编号：YC2019-S271）和2020年度东华理工大学研究生创新基金（编号：DHYC-202001）联合资助。
哈密东戈壁钼矿成矿特征及围岩蚀变
哈密东戈壁钼矿成矿特征及围岩蚀变涂良权;马雁飞;师书冉;殷建锋;涂金飞【摘要】The Donggebi Molybdenum deposit in the East Tianshan Orogenic Belt belongs to porphyry type.The shape of orebodies is restricted to the shape,size and rockbody,physical nature of surrounding rocks and growth degree of sub-fracture.The mineralization has no choice of surrounding rocks,which is related to sub-fracture density formed by more periodical structure activities.The Mo mineralization is related to surrounding rocks alteration.Evolution of the alteration may be divided into five stages,of which mineralization-alteration stage of molybdenite-quartz is the principal mineralization period.During fluid-rock interaction,1he performing components were not equally mobile/esulting the increasing of Metals and enrichment ofMolybdenum.Furthermore,according to researching the geological and wall-rock alteration characters of Donggebi deposit,it can also provide referential method for searching the similar minerals in the East Tianshan Orogenic Belt.%东戈壁钼矿赋存于东天山造山带内,属斑岩型钼矿床矿体形态受岩体形态、大小、围岩物理性质和次级裂隙发育程度控制矿化对围岩无选择性,与多期次构造活动所形成的次级裂隙密集程度有关蚀变演化划分为5个阶段,辉钼矿-石英脉阶段是蚀变、矿化最强烈阶段,也是钼主成矿期含矿热液在迁移过程中与围岩发生强烈流体-岩石反应,造成金属元素含量增加和钼富集研究矿床地质特征和围岩蚀变与钼矿化时空关系,对在东天山寻找同类型矿床具重要指导意义.【期刊名称】《新疆地质》【年(卷),期】2011(029)004【总页数】4页(P433-436)【关键词】东戈壁钼矿,地质特征;围岩蚀变,钼矿化【作者】涂良权;马雁飞;师书冉;殷建锋;涂金飞【作者单位】河南省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质勘查院,河南许昌461000;河南省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质勘查院,河南许昌461000;河南省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质勘查院,河南许昌461000;河南省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质勘查院,河南许昌461000;江西省地质矿产勘查开发局赣东北大队,江西上饶334000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】P61865哈密东戈壁钼矿位于阿奇克库都克深大断裂带以北觉罗塔格晚古生代岛弧增生带内[1] ,是新近探明的特大型斑岩型钼矿床.觉罗塔格晚古生代岛弧增生带具良好成矿条件,区域上找矿潜力巨大[2] .因此,研究东戈壁钼矿床岩石、矿物特征和围岩蚀变与钼矿化时空关系,对该成矿带内寻找同类钼矿床具一定指导意义.1 地质背景与矿区地质概况1.1 地质背景东戈壁钼矿位于阿奇克库都克深大断裂带以北觉罗塔格晚古生代岛弧增生带内[3,4] ,中石炭世后觉罗塔格地区强烈褶皱隆起,形成以阿奇山-雅满苏为中心的复背斜,和以中酸性岩为主的同期同源多次侵入岩体.在强烈褶皱隆起的同时,伴有近 EW向、NE向断裂构造发育.华力西晚期构造运动使二叠纪地层褶皱隆起,伴有中酸性岩体侵入和断裂构造产生[5,6] .多期次构造运动叠加,产生复杂构造裂隙系统利于矿液运移和矿质沉淀充填.岩浆侵入为成矿热液运动扩散提供了热动力,使觉罗塔格晚古生代岛弧增生带具良好成矿条件(图1).1.2 矿区地质概况图1 东天山觉罗塔格地质构造略图Fig.1 Geological Tectonics of Jueluotage in Eastern Tianshan1.吐-哈盆地边界线;2.主要断裂及其编号;3.韧性剪切带(强变形带);4.构造单元代号;5.东戈壁钼矿①——大草滩断裂;②——康古尔塔格-黄山深大断裂;③——苦水断裂;④——阿奇克库都克-沙泉子断裂;⑤——星星峡断裂;⑥托克逊-干沟断裂;⑦中天山南缘断裂;⑧雅满苏-白干湖断裂;Ⅰ——哈萨克斯坦板块:Ⅰ1——吐-哈地块;Ⅰ2——康古尔塔格-哈尔里克岛孤系;Ⅱ——塔里木板块;Ⅱ1——秋格明塔什-黄山韧性剪切带;Ⅱ2——阿奇山-雅满苏岛孤系;Ⅱ3——中天山地块;Ⅱ4——南天山晚古生代孤后盆地;Ⅱ5——北山裂谷矿区地层为下石炭统干墩组,中部隐伏华力西晚期斑状花岗岩(图 2).下石炭统干墩组为一套厚度巨大的陆源碎屑-碳酸盐沉积建造.下部为黄褐色变质砂岩、石英细砂岩及深灰色薄层灰岩;中部为灰绿色粗砂岩、紫红色千枚岩及细碧岩夹含铁碧玉岩;上部为灰绿色、黄褐色中粗粒砂岩夹含铁碧玉岩及细碧岩.侵入活动以华力西晚期中酸性侵入岩为主,呈长条带状或等轴状岩株产出.华力西晚期侵入的黑云母花岗岩,呈椭圆状小岩基侵入于石炭系干墩组中;华力西晚期第二次侵入的石英闪长岩,呈不规则椭圆形岩珠状沿古火山通道侵入于M47-1火山盆地中.岩体具一定分异性,中心相为斑状细粒石英闪长岩,边部为细粒斜长花岗岩.褶皱构造主要为东戈壁复向斜,展布于区域北部,M47-1火山盆地展布于区域东南部.东戈壁复向斜由4个次级背斜、4个次级向斜及NE向断裂组成,构造线长短不一,平行排列交替出现,东戈壁钼矿床产于该复向斜内.M47-1火山盆地位于东戈壁复向斜南侧,中心部位为华力西晚期石英闪长岩侵入体,伴有不明显弧形断裂及放射状断裂.图2 东戈壁钼矿区地质构造图Fig.2 Geological tectonics of Donggebi deposit1.第四系;2.新近系葡萄沟组;3.下二叠统红柳河组;4.上石炭统底坎尔组;5.下石炭统雅满苏组;6.下石炭统小热泉子组;7.下石炭统干墩组上段;8.下石炭统干墩组下段;9.华力西晚期黑云母花岗岩;10.华力西晚期闪长岩;11.华力西中期辉绿岩;12.酸性岩脉;13.地质界线;14.向斜轴线;15.断裂2 成矿母岩与赋矿岩石特征成矿母岩为华力西晚期第一次侵入次花岗岩,按岩相主要分为斑状花岗岩、细粒花岗岩和花岗斑岩.从岩石化学分析结果看(表 1),区内 3种花岗岩相比,以花岗斑岩SiO2含量最低(69.17%)、最偏基性,次为斑状花岗岩(74.42%),细粒花岗岩最高(77.87%),即从花岗斑岩→斑状花岗岩→细粒花岗岩,岩石向更为酸性趋势演化.花岗斑岩体内石英脉较发育,辉钼矿化强,与围岩构成辉钼矿体,这一特征与区内辉绿岩相同.因此,花岗斑岩应为成矿期前侵入,与斑状花岗岩不是同期形成.区内花岗斑岩与斑状花岗岩、细粒花岗岩不是同期侵入的母岩浆分异演化结果,斑状花岗岩与细粒花岗岩则是同期侵入的岩浆演化分异产物.矿体围岩与赋矿岩石一致,主要为下石炭统雅满苏组变质碎屑岩,部分为变质辉绿岩,矿化对围岩无选择性.花岗斑岩上侵形成围岩层间裂隙和破碎等,在岩体顶面外接触带内形成层间裂隙密集带,此范围亦是矿体主要分布范围(图3).3 矿床特征3.1 矿体特征矿体为隐伏矿体,赋存于隐伏斑状花岗岩东西两侧外接触带,距岩体0～100 m,分东西两个矿段.矿体均受同一斑状花岗岩体控制,产于岩体外接触带石炭系干墩组浅变质砂岩、泥质砂岩、砂质泥岩等碎屑岩中.矿体平面形态为不规则圆形,纵、横向上近似层状-透镜状,中心部位发育低品位矿及夹石较少,周边低品位矿及夹石增多,矿体分支变薄.顶底板围岩及夹石主要为变质泥质砂岩、变质砂质泥岩、变质砂岩. 3.2 矿石结构、构造表1 东戈壁矿区斑状花岗岩化学成分表Table 1 Chemical composition of phenocryst granite in Donggebi deposit 单位:%岩石名称 SiO2 TiO2Al2O3 Fe2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 烧失氧化物百分含量斑状花岗岩 74.42 0.20 12.30 2.36 0.75 0.110 0.35 1.01 2.78 4.76 0.100 0.09细粒花岗岩 77.87 0.11 10.75 1.43 1.35 0.058 0.12 0.32 1.01 8.07 0.033 0.19花岗斑岩 69.17 0.39 15.27 2.93 2.42 0.157 1.47 3.14 4.64 1.78 0.112 0.31矿石中包含多种金属组份,含量、产出形式各不相同,结构较复杂.矿石结构以鳞片、叶片状为主,次为它形粒状、半自形粒状、自形粒状、交代结构等.辉钼矿多呈鳞片状或自型叶片状结构不均匀分布于矿石中,部分呈粒状分散分布,少量呈它形粒状或它形粒状集合体分布于矿石中,或充填于其它矿物粒间.鳞片状结构辉钼矿主要赋存于细小星散颗粒状构造辉钼矿矿石中.自型叶片状结构辉钼矿主要赋存于细脉状构造、脉状构造、斑块状构造的辉钼矿矿石中.辉钼矿绝大部分赋存于石英脉中,矿石构造主要为细脉浸染状、细脉状、颗粒-斑块状、脉状,部分为薄膜状、角砾状构造.矿石构造与石英脉厚度关系较大,细脉浸染状构造、细脉状构造主要见于厚度小于2 cm的石英脉中;脉状构造、斑块状辉钼矿主要产于厚度大于5 cm的石英脉中;薄膜状辉钼矿相对较少,多分布于变质泥质砂岩、变质砂质泥岩中.图3 矿体与岩体接触关系图Fig.3 Relationship between orebodie and surrounding rocks1.下石炭统干墩组下段;2.华力西晚期花岗岩;3.辉钼矿体;4.地质界线3.3 矿物成分矿石矿物主要为辉钼矿、黄铁矿,次为黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿,少量白钨矿、黑钨矿、金红石、钛铁矿;脉石矿物主要为石英、绢云母、黑云母、钾长石、斜长石、白云母、方解石等(表 2).矿石中金属矿物主要以硫化物为主,地表氧化带有典型氧化物,种类有褐铁矿、假像褐铁矿、钼华、孔雀石等.辉钼矿呈铅灰色,强金属光泽,细鳞片状、叶片状结构,部分呈树枝状、放射状、菊花状,常数粒聚集成不规则状集合体,粒度0.13～0.03 mm.4 围岩蚀变4.1 围岩蚀变类型及分带研究表明,单一蚀变类型中成矿元素浓集度相对较差,多类型对成矿十分有利[7] .矿区主要蚀变类型为硅化、长石化、碳酸盐化、萤石化、电气石化、白云母化、黑云母化等.蚀变空间除早期自变质作用发自岩体中心外,其余蚀变分带均以花岗闪长斑岩体与次英安斑岩体接触带为中心向两侧扩展,由强到弱,反复改造叠加.距隐伏斑状花岗岩体远近、空间位置不同,岩石蚀变程度、蚀变类型、蚀变矿物明显不同.据此,划分出白云母化带、钾化带、硅化带、黑云母化带等 4个蚀变带.4个蚀变分带除白云母化带与其它蚀变分带界线清晰截然外,其余3个蚀变带间不具清晰截然分界.在矿区不同位置或隐伏斑状花岗岩体内、外侧不同部位,蚀变分带发育程度、规模具较大差别,局部缺少钾化带或钾化带很薄.这主要是由于岩浆期后高温气化热液上侵不均匀性造成.4.2 围岩蚀变演化与矿化关系表2 矿石矿物成分及含量表Table 2 The table of mineral composition and Content有用金属矿物其它金属矿物主要脉石矿物次要、微量脉石矿物辉钼矿(0.1%～0.2%)黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、白钨矿、黑钨矿、磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿、钛铁矿、褐铁矿、白钛石、电气石石英(20%～57%)、黑云母(5%～20%)、白(绢)云母(8%～18%）、钾长石(%3～15%)斜长石(1%～5%)、电气石(小于 3%)、方解石(小于1%)、磁铁矿(小于1%)、绿泥石、方解石、白云石、磷灰石、阳起石、榍石、绿帘石、黝帘石、高岭石、锆石(少量)区内围岩蚀变经历了岩浆期后阶段自变质作用,及岩浆后汽化高-中-低温热液蚀变.据矿物组合、脉体穿插关系和矿石构造、矿物标型特征,及蚀变矿化作用在时间和空间上间断性等,将东戈壁钼矿床流体演化划分为5个阶段(表3).其中,辉钼矿-石英脉阶段是蚀变、矿化最强烈阶段,也是钼主成矿期.从围岩蚀变演化及与矿化关系可知,岩体上侵就位后期,演化出以长英质为主,富含气态组分的高温气化热液,由于侵入体热驱动,高温气化热液向远离侵入体方向扩散并沿裂隙充填,形成钾长石脉、石英-钾长石脉等,并有高温成矿元素富集,这是成矿作用的开始.随后富含多种成矿(金属)元素的岩浆流体,借助岩浆上侵产生的通道突然上涌,并与岩浆演化产生的热液相混合,两种性质的热液混合结果,使热液流体性质(酸碱度、携带金属阳离子介质)发生变化,并使热液流体温度、压力下降,促使多种金属矿物依次沉淀、结晶,形成伴有多种金属元素的辉钼矿矿床.表3 东戈壁钼矿围岩蚀变的演化及矿物生成顺序表Table 3 Evolvement of wall-rock alteration and sequence of mineral formation of Donggebi deposit?5 结论(1) 哈密东戈壁钼矿位于阿奇克库都克深大断裂带以北觉罗塔格晚古生代岛弧增生带内,是新近探明的特大型斑岩型钼矿床.(2) 成矿母岩为华力西晚期第一次侵入花岗岩,矿体围岩与赋矿岩石一致,主要为下石炭统雅满苏组变质碎屑岩,矿化对围岩没有选择性.(3) 东戈壁钼矿成矿流体在深部向上运移过程中,与围岩发生流体岩石反应,导致热液蚀变,流体性质及组成不断变化,对成矿元素活化、迁移及富集起着非常积极作用.硅化是矿区热液作用由早到晚均可见到的蚀变,也是与钼矿成矿最为密切的蚀变作用.(4) 划分为 5个热液蚀变、矿化阶段.辉钼矿-石英脉阶段是蚀变、矿化最强烈阶段,也是钼主成矿期.(5) 研究东戈壁钼矿床岩石、矿物特征和围岩蚀变与钼矿化的时空关系,对在该成矿带内寻找同类钼矿床具一定指导意义.参考文献[1] 高阳,何建国,李建中,等.东天山阿其克库都克断裂新构造运动特征[J] .新疆地质,2010,28(3):247-249.[2] 祁世军,王德林,刘通,等.新疆主要优势矿产成矿区带划分及成矿特征[J] .新疆地质,2008,26(4):348-355.[3] 杨兴科.东天山板块构造基本特征[J] .新疆地质,1996,14(3):221-227.[4] 杨兴科,程宏宾,姬金生,等.东天山碰撞造山与金铜成矿系统分析[J] .大地构造与成矿学,1999,23(4):315-322.[5] 田忠锋,黄启峰,王广耀.新疆天山华力西运动特征[J] .新疆地质,2010,28(1):28-31.[6] 王新昆,彭慰兰,胡克亮.新疆东天山中部隆起区早石炭世钙碱性花岗岩的确定[J] .新疆地质,2009,27(3):212-216.[7] 刘忠明.剪切带流体与蚀变和成矿作用[J] .地学前缘,2001,8(4):271-275.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
o
.
3 4
一
A bs
tr
a
e
t
s
o f
r
t
he
I A Go D
c /
o
T o D
vvG
4 vv
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
a t
t
he
g t h l ^ G o D Sy m p
o
s
iu m
31
t
o
t he
r
La
u o
re
T
n
r
ia s
s
ie
r e
T he
a r
n
e
a
l 川 t
o
n
g
n
r t r t
h
o
f
t he
ha y
,
)
e ru s
a
b o d笋 d
A
o a
价
n
e te
o
d
u
w
a n
-
d
e o
te e
t
i
e
e
o v
o
l
ti
e
o n
f
a
n
地hb
a
o
u
r
n g r i c
t r
u
n
t
o
o d
Ala s h
n
n t
a n
H l
s t
M
ma
t
a
i f
n
Li
u
P
M
t
o
o u
-
(
e r
a
m po
n
e n
t
e n
r
th
l ly
.
^ t
e
e r
份s t
o
it d y
u r
w a s
n a
a e r
毗
s u
u r
r 加e c
e
o o
t
n
A
e f
xt t
d e
b y it
w
o
lu t i
n
d
t c
o n
ie
,
o v
d
l u t io did lu
t
f
a
ig h b o
r
u r
zn g
th
v o
u s t
b
o
(m
in g
lo P e d
一
in
t
th e
n
E
s t A s ia a
s t
r
-
l a
e
s a
ia
n
u s t
b
n
d加5
In
n
th in
a
P
r
c o
s c
t r
f de
a
n
v e
h
Pr
t
一
s i
r
t
in g
e
N 5 tre
o
d in g l d
r
u et u
e
s e
t
o
w i t h in f E
o n
H
a l
in ly b y t
o
ll i s io
u n
)
,
r a n s e
o f
r a
n
r
m
s
~
d ie la
加
a
o
o c
a n
r
ti n
ta l
C r
it
s
u s t
o
a n
n e
n o
t
a
n
c o n
n
e v
t
g t
o
e
w it h
n a
n e
igh b
o
o
b
dy
e r
ti l th b
o
e
,
La t
No
r t
h
Q i n l in
n
g
台a
t
o
e tu re
a n
d
s
o
u
th by
n
o
f
t
t he he i r
一
X il
o
a
n
m
e
u
v o
lu lu
n
n
j 姆 一 R
ti t`
o n a n n
lu
r f
o n
a e tu
加
u
o 一
gs
o
t hj na
(
s
一
A la s b
p t
.
r e s e
t
刁
y
t
N 5
h
e
一
c
e
一
t o
c i
s
z o
n e
) l洲
g
r
n
o
n
h
e
we
e r n
r
g ln
a n
o
th
肠 ly
e r
s u
d g
n
bo dy
玩 b
Pl a t
it
r
d e
N一
t r
d in g
s
s
r
u
e t
u
r e
阅 加
台a C hi
a
n
p
g
o c
t g
n y
e
l加a l
l
o n
Q i过 i
s n t
o
t
o g
n
b闻y
lyi n g T
:
e
tw e e n r
e n
th
s u
N
h
a
n
d
a
n
t ze
s u
t
o
b
a
o
d记5
e x u s
e
r
e i
o
e
g
s
o
g l
o
o
y
e
n e
v
l i
l a
o
s t a n e a
n
e
(Pt
t
e
一
)
a
e
n
t
d
n
s
o
b
n
l a t it
e
d in
t
w
t
,
e e
n
h
a
e
e
m m
a n
le
u
Pl i f
一
d
s u
b
e
-
d i io d
a
d
,
ea u
s e
t
h
n
e
u a
e r
P Pe
o
r
s u
t
n
t
o
t r a
n f s o
n
n
d
t
u o
L i u Pa
a ss
n e
M
t t
o u u
t
a
s
n
mg j h d
r
Pl a y C hi
e v
gu i di n g i
n
o
le
t le
I n
s u
n
h
s
o
P
e n
c o
s s t
f gr d
e e
a
d
u a
e v e
l o Pm
e
n
s a
r
e
-
t
C h i gio
s r
a
i
n
m
d
a
n
l
e
P li t f Pa P
e r
VV e s
a
a
e
t
o
a
m
o
n
b
d i
n
。
n e
,
h
e
e
P Pa
t
t
o
f
r
th
t
u
r a
n s t
o
iti
a
n
n
e n
d 肠e
e。一
一
in
h d
e
g
du
e r s t r
l ly d a
lo P e d i n t
a t
o
t
a
ra
s
iti o
a r
z o
b
t
T
ia s g
o
e
A is
n
n r e
到 免 e te d b y
w w
e
o v
r
r n
一
io
a r
n
d
o
e e
ic
n
e
lu
e
t io ru s
n
f
o