2020江苏高考英语二轮培优新方案专题限时检测(十五) 完形填空之议论文体
2020江苏英语高考-完形填空-议论文
2020江苏英语高考-完形填空-议论文The journey of water as it flows upon the earth can be a mirror of our own paths through life. Water begins its __1__ on earth as it falls from the sky and streams down a mountain into a stream or river. In the same way, we come into the world and begin our lives on earth. Like a river that flows within the __2__ of its banks, we are born with certain defining characteristics that __3__ our identity. We are born in a specific time and place, within a specific family, andturns, and barriers along the way just as a river __6__．Water is a great teacher that shows us __7__ to move through the world with grace, bravery, determination, and __8__. When a river __9__ at a waterfall, it gains energy and moves on, as we face our own waterfalls, we may fall hard __10__ we always keep moving on. Water can inspire us not to become rigid (死板的)with fear or stick to what's familiar. Water is __11__ and does not waste time sticking to its past, but flows onward without __12__. At the same time, when there is a __13__ to be filled, water does not run away from it in __14__ of the dark; instead, water modestly and bravely fills the empty space. In the same way, we can face the __15__ moments of our life rather than run away from them.__16__，a river will empty into the sea. Water does not hold back from __17__ in a larger body, nor does it fear a loss of __18__ or control. It gracefully and modestly falls into the vastness by contributing its energy and joining without __19__. Each time we move beyondour individual characters to become part of something bigger, we can try our best to __20__ the lead of the river.1. A. travel B. work C. position D. process2. A. periods B. areas C. boundaries D. admissions3. A. reveal B. govern C. keep D. cast4. A. challenges B. experiences C. opportunities D. demands5. A. bringing B. requiring C. facing D. predicting6. A. crosses B. flows C. pours D. drops7. A. when B. where C. why D. how8. A. modesty B. happiness C. smile D. reputation9. A. springs B. leaves C. runs D. breaks10. A. or B. so C. but D. and11. A. desperate B. brave C. nervous D. merciful12. A. looking through B. looking after C. looking for D. looking back13. A. hole B. form C. heart D. post14. A. favor B. fear C. honor D. terms15. A. boring B. changeable C. exciting D. dark16. A. Gradually B. Absolutely C. Eventually D. Actually17. A. dipping B. bringing C. plotting D. joining18. A. life B. liberty C. identity D. root19. A. resistance B. permission C. knowledge D. reward20. A. take B. follow C. lose D. hold答案解析：本文论述了河流汇入大海的过程和人的一生时一样的，充满了挫折，曲折和障碍。
2020江苏高考英语二轮培优新方案：专题限时检测(二十五)阅读理解D篇增分练(三)
专题限时检测(二十五)阅读理解D篇增分练(三)(共2篇，限时20分钟)APerfectThe eyeliner makes the dark circles less visible. The lip gloss hides the trembling. The ponytail hides missing patches of hair. The Abercrombie sweater covers bruises (伤痕). I might look a bit thinner, but everyone will ask about my new diet. My hair might not shine the way it used to, but the pink ribbon will distract curious eyes. One hour of preparation and I look like myself. One hour of preparation and no one will know. One hour out of 24. Sometimes I wonder if it's worth —wasting a twenty-fourth of my day on a lie. But then I see my wispy hair and baggy eyes, and I have to do it.Checking my make-up one last time, I push my sleeves up, though not past my elbows. I slip on a cute pair of flat shoes — heels are too dangerous with shaky legs — and grab my Hollister bag. Padding downstairs, I breathe in the scent of waffles and syrup.“Morning, Mom，” I call.“Morning, baby，” she chirps. “Did you sleep well？”“Better than I have been.”She sighs, and her eyes look a hundred years old for a minute. “Any improvement is good，” she says half-heartedly.“Of course.”“I made waffles.” Her offering.“Thanks, Mom. Smells delicious.” My offering.I sit at the table and she hands me a plate. The thought of all that food turns my stomach, but I force a smile and thank my mother again. She busies herself at the sink and fills the silence with chatter. When she turns around, she takes in the waffles still on my plate, only missing a few bites. I smile apologetically.“I'm not very hungry this morning.”“You'll need your strength for this afternoon.” She bites her lip. She doesn't like to bring it up over breakfast. I eat another bite.“I packed your lunch.”“I'm 18, Mom. I can pack my own lunch. You have more important things to do.”She reaches for the paper sack. “But now I know you'll have something to eat. And you need to eat, okay? You have to keep your strength up.”Sighing, I take the bag. I know this peanut butter and jelly sandwich won't be eaten, not any more than the one yesterday or the day before. Anything consumed after 11 ends up in a plastic basin at 4：07. It's just the way it works.“Hon, have you thought about what I said the other day？” she asks.I_shrug_noncommittally.“Sweetheart, you can't hide this forever. Eventually you're going to miss school and people will start asking questions.”“Mom, I have two months left of high school. I can make it till then. I'm class president and probably will make a graduation speech. I was voted‘Most popular’，‘Most fun to be around’，‘Best smile’ and‘Most likely to succeed’.I'm the girl who's got it all together. People don't want to know that the girl who's got it all together, doesn't have it all together. People don't want to know that girl is dying！”“Honey, don't say that. You're not dying.”“Yes, I am. You heard Dr. Morrison. I have maybe a year left. Mom, listen to me. I don't want to be the girl everyone looks at and whispers, ‘Look at her. Poor thing！’ I can't handle that. I want to be normal. Just for these last two months.”“Okay，”she whispers. “Okay. Just remember, it's okay if you don't have it all toge ther. Sometimes things just fall apart and there's nothing we can do.”“Thanks, Mom.” I grab my bag and lunch and kiss her on the cheek. “I love you.”“I love you too，” my mom replies. This exchange, once taken for granted, is now a vital part of every morning, every afternoon, every night. Three little words, followed by four more, have come to mean more than an entire conversation. They bridge all gaps and disagreements, because we both know there is now a finite number left.Keys in hand, I open the door and blink in the early morning sun. My silver car waits in the driveway and as I walk toward it, I check my reflection in the tinted window. Perfect.语篇解读：本文讲述了因病而时日不多的作者早上上学前和母亲的对话，作者坚持要开完毕业典礼，以最好的面貌和同学们告别。
2020年高考英语二轮复习完形填空类(议论文)专项练习题
2020年高考英语二轮复习第四讲完形填空---议论文专项练习ones we need to consider most.21. A. much B. never C. seldom D. well【答案】.D【解析】事业很顺利，此处应该用副词well修饰。
22. A. policies B. standards C. experiments D. regulations【答案】B【解析】按照社会的标准（standards)来判断的话，他们已经具备成功所需要的一切了。
policy政策；experiment实验；regulation规章23. A. last B. least C. second D. best【答案】A【解析】他们毕业前在当地廉价但很友好的酒吧里喝了最后一次(last)酒。
24. A. cycled B. moved C. slid D. looked【答案】B【解析】搬出了狭小的公寓楼住进了高楼大厦。
cycle骑自行车；slide滑动，滑行；look看25. A. shared B. paid C. equaled D. collected【答案】C【解析】equal意为“等于”，符合语境。
26. A. advertised B. witnessed C. admitted D. demanded【答案】.C【解析】很多人承认（admitted)尽管取得了成功，但他们并不快乐。
27.A. complain B. dream C. hear D. approve【答案】A【解析】有的人抱怨（complain)不友好的同事。
28. A. distribute B. hate C. applaud D. neglect【答案】B【解析】把八小时的工作日用在了自己讨厌（hate)的任务上让一些人感到很可悲。
29. A. calm B. guilty C. warm D. empty【答案】D【解析】empty意为“空虚的”，符合语境30.A. family B. government C. lifestyle D. project【答案】C【解析】根据空格后定语从句所表达的含义“他们这么快就……”可知此处应该是“生活方式（lifestyle)"31. A. accustomed B. appointed C. unique D. available【答案】A【解析】他们这么快就习惯的生活方式。
(江苏专版)2020版高考英语考前保分训练专题2完形填空第1节记叙文练习牛津译林版
第1节记叙文题组训练一1Throughout the years，I have valued opportunities to help people bothered with a work issue or a personal challenge.Knowing that I’d lent a 1 ear，each of these opportunities to 2 someone else also gavemeinnersatisfaction.Somepeoplemay3thatthosewhohelpothersneverneedhelpthemselves.4，thisthoughtcouldbenofurtherfromthetruth.Suchwasthe5formeweeksagowhenIwasfacingaparticularlytroublesomefamilyissuetha tseemedtogodownhill6mybesteffort.WhileIwasatacompleteloss，Ireceiveda(n) 7fromafriendI’dhelped.Shesimplyaskeda8questionabouthowIwasandIstartedtotoldher9 myfamilyissue.Overthenexthour，wehadadirectandhonestdiscussionaboutthe10.Shenotonlywasanactivelistener，butfreelyofferedher11intosimilarissuesshe’dexperienced.Ihungup，feeling better not only because I had 12 a solution，but because I felt comfortable.I felt my concerns were 13 without any judgmental comment，and that I could be myself 14 personal emotionswithapersonIcouldtrust.Though we’re always 15 to help others，it doesn’t mean we don’t need help ourselves.We all have our own pluses and minuses—we aren’t a solid rock without imperfections 16 each rock hasitsowncracks.Weallhavea17forafriendlyearoranopenandhonestopinionatsomepointsi nlife.And，ifyoubelievethatyoudon’twantto18someoneelsewithyourownissues，Iwould19youtoreachoutforhelp—reachingoutdoesn’tdecreaseyourhumanness，itonly20it.1.A.sensitive B.delicateC.sympatheticprehensive答案 C解析知道自己倾听了别人的心声，这样帮助别人的机会也给了作者内心的满足感。
2020年江苏省高考英语二模试卷解析版
C. saving
D. saved
4. Have you read the book Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out by Mo Yan，
_____ that won him the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature？（ ）
A. the one
16. According to the advertisement， London Zoo ______ ．
A. provides an ideal place for famiies to hold talks in an rainforest． B. combines entertainment and interactive experiences with creatures． C. offers unlimited access to premier attractions with a little more charge． D. caters to the curiosity of chidlren with guided exploration and interactions．
B. has disappeared
C. disappears
D. disappeared
15. ---How was your evening？
---We went to Joe's and had ____． We really enjoyed ourselves．（ ）
A. a white elephant
高考英语二模试卷
题号
I
II
III
得分
IV
V
总分
一、单选题（本大题共 15 小题，共 15.0 分）
(江苏专用)2020高考英语二轮复习 专题限时检测(十五)完形填空之议论文体
专题限时检测(十五) 完形填空之议论文体(共2篇，每篇限时18分钟)A(2020·无锡一模)We don't meet people by accident.Every person you meet will have a(n) __1__ in your life, big or small.Some will help you grow and inspire you to do better, __2__ some will let you down or even hurt you.At the same time, you are __3__ some role in their lives as well.After all, paths __4__ for a reason and we are supposed to treat people with significance.The best teachers are those who don't tell you how to get there but __5__ the way.There is no better joy than __6__ people see a vision for themselves, seeing them go to levels __7__ than they ever would have imagined on their own.But that doesn't __8__ you have to fix them or enable them; instead, __9__ them to the source of their own power.Offer them support and __10__ to fight as they find their own way and show you __11__ they're capable of.All you have to do is believe in them.Never __12__ someone even if he fails unless you are helping them up.We like to think of life as a meritocracy(精英), so it's easy to look down on someone who isn't as __13__ or accomplished or well educated as you are.But you have no idea how __14__ that person has already climbed or where they will __15__.Time could easily reverse(翻转) your __16__， so be sure you treat everyone with __17__.__18__ those who have supported you, forgive those who have __19__ you, help those who need you.Business is complicated, life is complex, and leadership isdifficult.Treat all people —including yourself —with love and compassion(同情), and you can't __20__.Treat people the way you want to be treated and life will instantly get better.C．relation D．place解析：选 B 你所遇到的每一个人在你的生活中或多或少都会有扮演一定的角色。
2020年高考英语议论文完形填空专题卷(附答案)
2020年高考英语议论文完形填空专题卷（附答案）1.阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a1 reason, such as your job or your studies?2 perhaps you're interested in the3 ,films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a4 of the language.Most people learn best using a variety of 5 , but traditional classes are an ideal（理想的）start for many people. They 6 an environment where you can practice under the7 of someone who's good at the language. We all lead 8 lives and learning a language takes 9 . You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a10 . It doesn't matter if you haven't got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learningto get by takes 11 .12 ,” they say. Yes,Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I'm toochildren do learn languages more 13 than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any 14 . And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I've also heard people 15 about the mistakes they make when 16 . Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes 17 you're much less likely to make them again.Learning a new language is never 18 . But with some work and devotion, you'll make progress. And you'll be 19 by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in 20 own language. Good luck!1. A. technical B. political C. practical D. physical2. A. After B. So C. Though D. Or3. A. literature B. transport C. agriculture D. medicine4. A. view B. knowledge C. form D. database5. A. paintings B. regulations C. methods D. computers6. A. protect B. change C. respect D. provide7. A. control B. command C. guidance D. pressure8. A. busy B. happy C. simple D. normal9. A. courage B. time C. energy D. place10. A. theory B. business C. routine D. project11. A. some risks B. a lot less C. some notes D. a lot more12. A. old B. nervous C. weak D. tired13. A. closely B. quickly C. privately D. quietly14. A. age B. speed C. distance D. school15. A. worry B. hesitate C. think D. quarrel16. A. singing B. working C. bargaining D. learning17. A. if B. and C. but D. before18. A. tiresome B. hard C. interesting D. easy19. A. blamed B. amazed C. interrupted D. informed20. A. their B. his C. our D. your2.完形填空Happiness is one of the most precious things in life. 1 it, a man will feel that his ill fate hastaken charge of him and the world is utterly dark and dreadful. As a result, too many people 2of happiness as their ultimate goal of life. What is happiness? Many people think that when they become richand successful, happiness will 3 follow. Let me tell you that nothing is further from the truth.The world is full of very rich people who are as 4 as if they were living in hell. Besides, we haveread stories about movie stars who 5 suicide or died from drugs. It is 6 thatmoney is not everything.Happiness is not an end 7 in itself but is more of a way of life. If you're waiting for happinessto 8 , it's likely that it never will! The only time to be happy is right now! When you're always9wanting something more and always looking forward to a time when you'll be “happy”, you'll never that goal. Happiness is not a set of accomplishments or the 10 of material things. You mustaccept that life will always have 11 and things will not always go your way. Instead of feelingdisappointed when things don't 12 the way you'd hoped, you'd better feel 13for the experience. 14 dreaming of a brighter, happier and richer tomorrow, you'd better maketoday as wonderful as you can.Happiness is not some state we will one day reach for good, but a 15 process of honest,productive work which makes a real contribution to others and makes you feel you are a useful and 16person. Just as a famous saying goes, “There is no way to happiness. Happiness is the way.” Ha17 decision that you can make right now. Thinking of the future and having aspirations is essential to18 a happy and fulfilled life.In a word, 19 waiting for happiness to arrive and simply decide to be happy! It's not somegreat goal or destination, but a journey and a 20 .1. A. For B. Without C. Before D. After2. A. think B. refer C. regard D. consider3. A. naturally B. constantly C. eventually D. deliberately4. A. puzzled B. changeable C. disappointed D. miserable5. A. condemned B. claimed C. committed D. commanded6. A. possible B. obvious C. strange D. difficult7. A. dream B. promotion C. goal D. success8. A. show up B. swell up C. speed up D. split up9. A. analyze B. arrive C. distinguish D. reach10. A. distribution B. evaluation C. combination D. accumulation11. A. rewards B. appreciation C. challenges D. fantasy12. A. carry out B. work out C. let out D. figure out13. A. grateful B. guilty C. sympathy D. sorry14. A. On top of B. In spite of C. On account of D. Instead of15. A. serious B. humorous C. continuous D. various16. A. worthy B. modest C. kind D. generous17. A. reasonable B. conscious C. proper D. temporary18. A. spending B. wasting C. leading D. consuming19. A. remember B. prevent C. try D. stop20. A. lifestyle B. criterion C. demand D. target3.阅读下面的短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年高考英语复习 议论文阅读练习
1．语言与结构特点：议论文一般观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理，有严密的逻辑性，通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题(引论)—分析问题(本论)—解决问题(结论)”。
因此，要理解议论文有两个关键点，一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证；二是要理清其基本结构。
2．答题误区：议论文阅读理解题易错点往往在于事实与观点的区分以及观点本身。
解题时，一要弄清哪些是所引述的事实，哪些是作者的观点以及引述中不同人物的观点；二要弄清作者真正的观点是什么，既要考虑全文，又要重视结论部分，谨防将文章中引述的某人的观点和作者的观点混为一谈。
3．阅读策略：在阅读解题时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读全文，再区分事实和观点。
通常来说，议论文会采用三段论式结构。
首段会通过一个故事或对某种现象的描述来引入话题，明确论点；接下来是文章的主体部分，会用两个或两个以上的段落引用事实和理论论据进行论证，常用的论证方法有举例、引用和对比等，这一部分要注意作者所选用的论据，它们往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应，同时还要留意论证的方法；文章的最后一段是结论部分，要弄清作者最后得出了什么结论。
在通读全文并了解文章的结构和内容后再阅读试题，到文章中去找相对应的信息，比如事实、观点、作者真正的意图和结论等。
文体分类练(四)——议论文(限时30分钟)A(2019·山西太原五中阶段检测)Visitors to Hennna, a restaurant outside Nagasaki, Japan, are greeted by an unusual sight: Their food being prepared by a row of humanoid robots. The name of the “head chef”is Andrew. Using his two long arms, he stirs batter (面糊) in a metal bowl, then pours it onto a hot grill. In a nearby hotel, robots check guests into their rooms and help with their luggage.CEO Hideo Sawada, who runs the restaurant and the hotel,predicted that 70% of the jobs at Japan's hotels would beautomated (自动化) in the next five years. He said, “Since youcan work them 24 hours a day, and they don't need vacation, eventually it's more costeffective to use the robot.”This_is_seemingly_worrying. In fact, in America, one of the few bright spots in recent years has been employment in restaurants and hotels. In the company Panera, because of its new kiosks, an app that allows customers to place orders online, the chain is now processing more orders overall, which means it needs more total workers to meet consumers' demand. Customers who use Starbucks' app return more frequently than those who don't. Starbucks employed 8 percent more people in the U．S. in 2016 than it did in 2015, the year it launched the app.Of course, whether automation is a net benefit for workers in restaurants and hotels and not just a competitive advantage for one chain over another will depend on whether an improved customer experience makes Americans more likely to dine out and stay at hotels, rather than brownbagging it or looking for the Airbnb to book unique homes.1．Why does the writer describe the unusual sight in paragraph 1?A．To promote robots. B．To introduce the topic.C．To voice his opinion. D．To show the background.2．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 mean?A．Automation may be a challenge to human jobs.B．Automation may increase business costs.C．Workers may fail to focus on their tasks.D．Many companies may fail to survive.3．What can we learn from the two cases in paragraph 3?A．The two companies are trying to take over the market competitively.B．Automation could open up more job chances for humans.C．Starbucks employed more people than Panera did in 2016.D．Automation helps the shops become famous online.4．What is the author's attitude toward the future of automation?A．Objective. B．Positive.C．Cautious. D．Doubtful.B(2019·济南高三模拟)We humans love to stare into our smart devices. We gaze for hours —about 10 hours and 39 minutes a day —at our computers, smartphones, tablets and televisions. Is all this staring bad for us? It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.Blue light is a type of electromagnetic (电磁的) radiation with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of energy. While it's true that light can damage our eyes under certain circumstances, there's no scientificevidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. But many people still think it is, which is why bluelightblocking glasses are so popular. So do the glasses work?“Everyone is very concerned that blue light may be causing damage to the eye, but there's no evidence that it may be causing serious damage，”Dr. Rahul Khurana, clinical spokesman for the American Academy of Ophthalmology, told BusinessInsider.Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is also present in LED light. But if blue light isn't harmful, then why are we constantly rubbing our eyes when we're looking at our screens? The answer is eyestrain (眼疲劳): More than 60 percent of people experience eye problems associated with digital eyestrain. And blue light, it seems, isn't the cause. Instead, our eyes are so strained because most of us blink less when we stare at our digital devices. So if eyestrain is the issue, bluelightblocking glasses are probably of little use.5．What do we know about blue light?A．It is a kind of nuclear radiation.B．It has the shortest wavelength.C．It may come from electronic devices.D．It consumes a great deal of energy.6．What causes the popularity of bluelightblocking glasses?A．Evidence of their benefits to eyes.B．Belief in blue light's harmful effect.C．Widespread use of smart devices.D．Scientific understanding of blue light.7．What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A．Blue light exposure is hardly avoidable.B．Eye problems are not easy to deal with.C．Blue light may connect with tired eyes.D．Rubbing eyes makes people strained.8．According to the text, wearing bluelightblocking glasses may be ________．A．tiring B．harmfulC．useless D．beneficialC(2019·潍坊高三模拟)It's not easy feeling like you're always under the spotlight being judged for each little mistake you make. Your mind is in an endless circle playing what you said and did over and over again. You wish you had a time capsule to go back and make things right if you find mistakes. You fear what others will think about you and that they will reject and dislike you. You seek to be socially perfect.Academically, you work long endless hours just to make those excellent marks. Although most would say “it's good to have high standards，”they have no idea about the internal hell you put yourself through to achieve perfection. If you come up less than your desired goal you feel as though you have failed, but you're far from failing, you just don't see it that way. So instead you are telling yourself that you're stupid, and not smart. The pressure you place on yourself weighs you down and you wear the “not good enough”label each and every day.You not only have high standards for yourself but you also have them for others. If people don't perform up to your expectations, then you think they are incompetent. This causes a lot of frustration because you can't trust anyone to get things right. So instead of being a team player you fly solo (单飞) and try to do two or three jobs at once. Your unrealistic expectations cause you to criticize and judge others and that leads to problems in other areas of your life.The attempt to be perfect is called perfectionism and it's the unachievable American dream that's damaging our emotional and mental health. We strive for perfection with our body, in our performance, and in our relationships. In_a_society_that_overstates_mistakes,_is_it_any_wonder_that_so_many_young_people_attempt_the_impossible_task_of_being_perfect?We all have flaws, fears, and make mistakes, and that's perfectly OK. It's our imperfections that make life interesting and they help us grow into a stronger and more adaptable person. We don't have to strive to achieve the impossible. We are designed to be perfectly imperfect.9．What might be the most suitable title of the text?A．Far From FailingB．Perfectly ImperfectC．Perfectionism PhenomenonD．Unachievable American Dream10．Which of the following is a perfectionist most likely to agree?A．Nobody is perfect.B．Be generous with praise.C．There is no best, only better.D．A contented mind is an everlasting feast.11．What can we infer from the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?A．More and more people are tolerating mistakes.B．The society is partly to blame for perfectionism.C．Many young people find it impossible to be perfect.D．It's unusual for a society to seek perfectionism nowadays.12．What does the author think of imperfection?A．It's part of our life.B．It's unbearable.C．It deserves to be overcome.D．It does harm to our mental health.D(2019·成都第一次诊断)Japan recently lowered its voting age from 20 to 18. This decision was in part to help young people feel more engaged in politics. But it may also signal the change of social views regarding the beginning of adulthood.Adulthood has traditionally been defined by a combination of age and the achievementof social milestones (里程碑). Most countries have a legally defined age to determine when a person becomes an adult — the age of majority. In Australia, most states consider a person to be an adult in court at 18. The age of 18 is also consistent with other adult privileges, such as the right to purchase alcohol and to marry. However, 17yearolds can serve in the army and get a driver's licence. The law defines adulthood on the basis of age and it also recognizes the process of becoming an adult as involving himself gradually in social responsibility. This legal approach to adulthood is mirrored in other countries, where there are differences between the age of majority and social responsibility given to young people.Socially, determinants of adulthood traditionally focus on a person taking increasing responsibility for their lives in various ways. Completing school, taking fulltime employment, getting married and parenthood —these are all observable indicators to determine when a person is viewed as an adult.Since the 1980s, however, people have achieved some of these observable milestones at later ages. Increased access to education has delayed young people leaving home and developing romantic relationships. Economic changes have also resulted in unstable employment markets and increases in costs of living, prompting many young people to remain at home and dependent on parents.Due to these social changes, our expectations of young people and their level of social responsibility have also changed. The recognition of a new life stage —emerging (发展初期的) adulthood — has been recommended to account for the changes to social milestones that have traditionally represented adulthood.13．What can we learn about adulthood from the text?A．People reach observable indicators much later.B．Age alone is a reliable determinant of adulthood.C．Participation in politics is a responsibility for adulthood.D．Economic changes mainly shift people's views on adulthood.regarding the beginning of adulthood”可推知，参与政治是成年人的责任，故C项正确。
2020江苏高考英语二轮培优新方案：专题限时检测(十三)完形填空之夹叙夹议文体(二)
专题限时检测(十三)完形填空之夹叙夹议文体(二)(共2篇，每篇限时18分钟)A(2019·南通七市模拟)In my youth, I often disagreed seriously with my father about some issues.Once, my father even hit me, and then he burst out __1__.The memory of those tears says more to me about who my father was than the memories of our __2__.I never doubted that he loved me, even in those moments when I felt least __3__ by him. He was a man who __4__ not only people he knew and loved, but also those in need he didn't __5__ at all. He taught me to love people __6__.In his life, he always did something out of __7__，for example, preparing and serving meals for __8__ people at St.Ben's parish (教区) in Milwaukee's inner city. After my father retired, he took his social action to a __9__ level.Admitted to a ministry program that introduced him to Catholic social action, he __10__ it happily. Meanwhile he became __11__ about how unconcerned the people in his district were about the life of the less __12__.When he graduated from the program, he became the Social Programs Coordinator for his district, continually__13__ the citizens there to give more to those in need，__14__ he died at eighty-one.Because of the __15__ set by my father, I have a responsibility to give of myself — not just to those I know and love, but to those I would never know if I didn't __16__ them out: the poor and the disabled. It is because of my father's guidance that I try to __17__ 10 percent of my income to charity. It is also because of my father's guidance that I spend two hours a week __18__ a blind man.I don't do it out of guilt but out of love, because I saw love in my father's __19__，in his tears and in the way he lived his life. Because of him, I __20__ love.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。
(江苏专版)2020版高考英语考前保分训练专题3阅读理解第3节议论文练习牛津译林版
第3节议论文题组训练一1Canadastoppedmakingpenniesin2012，andwithgoodreason.Coiningpenniesisamoney-losingbusiness，andpeopledon’treallyneedthemanymore.ThesameistrueintheUnitedStates.Itcosts$1.43 styear，makingpenniescosttaxpayersalmost$39million.Andforwhat？Thefederalgovernmentmakesanddistributescoinstobenefitcommerce，butnotmuchcanbeboughtforlessthanfivecents.Thankstothemagicofinflation，whatcostapennyin1950requiresadimetoday.Ineffect，removingthepennymeansallretail(零售) priceswouldendinzeroorfive.Somepriceswouldrisebyafewpennies；somewouldberoundeddown.Pricesthatendin99centsarecommon，andpennysupportershavearguedthatremovingpennieswouldamounttoaone-centsalestax.Bu tRobertWhaples，aneconomistatWakeForestUniversity，actuallyexaminedthisclaimbylookingatpricingdatafromachainofconveniencestores.Her eportedthatthesavingsfrompricesroundeddownwouldroughlyoffsetthecostofpricesround edup.Indeed，consumersmightactuallybenefit.YetAmericansliketheshinycoppers(铜币).Ina2014poll,71percentofrespondentssaidtheydidpickuppennies.And43percentsaidt heywouldbe“disappointed”or“angry”ifthegovernmentstoppedmakingthembecauseAbra hamLincolnisonthefront.MrPresident，however，doesnotnumberamongthesentimentalists.Hesaidin2017hesawnoreasontomakepennies.“It ’soneofthosethingswhereIthinkpeoplegetattachedemotionallytothewaythingshavebeen ，”hesaid.Healsoofferedwhatisprobablythebestexplanationforthecontinuedproducti o nofpennies：Congressstrugglestoaccomplisheventhemostobvioustasks.Thepenny，MrPresidentsaid，is“agoodmetaphor(隐喻) forsomeofthelargerproblemsthatwe’vegot”.Thegovernment，hesaid，hasapoortrackrecordof“gettingridofthingsthatdon’tworksothatwecantheninvestinthethin gsthatdo”.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.AmericawillfollowCanadatoremovethepenny.B.MakingpenniesisfarfromunprofitableinAmerica.C.Americaseemstobelosingthenecessitytomakepennies.D.Thenegativeimpactofpenniesisoutweighingthepositiveone.答案 C解析推理判断题。
2020年江苏省高考英语二轮专用题型组合练(1)含解析
题型组合练(一)(对应学生用书第169页)Ⅰ.单项填空1．All the passengers，according to the new regulation，________ before boarding the subway.A．are to be inspectedB．are going to be inspectedC．will inspectD．are about to be inspectedA[考查动词时态和语态。
句意：根据最新规定，所有乘客，在乘坐地铁之前都要被检查。
根据句意可知此处需要用be to表示“应该”，另外the passengers和inspect是被动关系，所以选A。
]2.(2020－2020学年江苏省南通市如东县、徐州市丰县高三10月联考)—I hear thatyou've been shown the new plan.—Oh，yes，but how to carry it out ________ at the meeting.A．didn't clarifyB．hasn't been clarifiedC．wasn't clarifiedD．hasn't clarifiedC[考查时态语态。
句意：——我听说你已经看过新的计划了。
——是的，但是怎么实施它在会议上还没有被阐明。
how to carry it out 是这句话的主语，和clarify是被动关系，而且是具体在会议上发生的，用一般过去时的被动语态。
]3．(2020－2020学年江苏省南京师范大学附属实验学校高三第一学期期中检测)Life insurance is no fun and does force you to think about your death，but it makes sense to provide an income for your dependents________．A．had you died B．if you diedC．before you die D．should you dieD[考查虚拟语气。
2020年江苏省高考英语二轮专用题型组合练(3)含解析
题型组合练(三)(对应学生用书第173页)Ⅰ.单项填空1．(2020－2020学年江苏省南京师范大学附属实验学校高三第一学期期中检测)—When shall we set off?—We ________ start off at five o'clock if it ________ raining by then.A．will；has stoppedB．are about to；stopsC．are going to；will stopD．不填；stopsA[考查时态。
后句句意：如果到那时雨已经停了，我们就在五点出发。
在条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句往往用一般现在时或者现在完成时表示将来。
所以必须在A和B中选择。
be about to表示“即将就要发生的动作”，一般不可以和时间状语连用，因此选A。
]2．(2020－2020学年江苏省南通市如东县、徐州市丰县高三10月联考)—The hurricane ________to reach the coast tomorrow morning.—If so，we'd better make full preparations for it.A．is predicting B．has predictedC．is predicted D．will be predictedC[考查动词的时态和语态。
句意：——飓风被预测明天上午到达这个海岸。
——如果那样的话，我们最好做好充分准备。
根据第二个人的话可知，飓风还没有来到，因此明天上午飓风到达这个海岸是现在做出的预测，现在发生的事情用一般现在时，predict与主语hurricane之间是被动关系。
因此推断predict用一般现在时的被动语态。
]3．—What do you think we can do for our aged parents?—We________do anything except to be with them and be ourselves.A．mustn't B．oughtn't toC．don't have to D．can'tC[考查情态动词。
(江苏专版)2020版高考英语考前保分训练专题2完形填空第3节议论文练习牛津译林版
第3节议论文题组训练1Historybooksarefilledwithwealthypeoplewhowerepracticallypoorcomparedtome.Ihavestormwindows，1Croesus，thelastkingofLydiawhowasincrediblyrich，didnot.Theentirepopulation2beforeAlexandertheGreat，buthecouldn’tbuyunpackedcatfood.WilliamⅠ，whoconqueredEnglandsome930yearsago，3acompoundsaw(复合锯).Givenhowmuch4Iamthansomanyfamous5people，you’dthinkI’dbecontent.However，the6isthat，likemostpeople，Icomparemywealthwith7oflivingpersons：neighbors，schoolclassmates，TVpersonalities.The8IfeeltowardmyfriendHoward’snewkitchenisnot9bythefactthatnoF renchking10hadarefrigeratorwithglassdoors.Thereisreallynorisingorfalling11oflivi ng.Overthecenturiespeoplesimplyfinddifferentthingsto12about.You’dthinkthatmerel ynothavingadiseasewouldputusinagood13，butno，wewantahotbathtub，too.Ofcourse，onewaytoachievehappinesswouldbeto14thatevenbycontemporarystandardsthethingsI15ar eprettynice.Myhouseis16thanthehousesofmanyinvestmentbankers，butevensoithasalotmoreroomsthanmywifeandIcankeep17.18，topeoplelookingbackatourerafromacenturyortwointhefuture，thosebankers，fancycountertopsandmyownwornoneswillseem19shabby.Ican’t20myneighborrightnow.But justwait.1.A.as B.whileC.whenD.since答案 B解析as由于；while然而；when当……时候；since既然。
2020届高考英语二轮复习完形填空类(议论文)解题技巧及典例剖析
2020届高考英语二轮复习完形填空类（议论文）解题技巧及典例剖析题型特点1.议论文文体的完形填空一般是直接提出论点，通过论据论证，最后作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。
2.议论文文体的完形填空一般都是由论点（作者的观点，也就是被证明的对象）、论据（用来证明论点的依据，是说明论点的理由和材料）和论证（运用论据证明论点的过程与方法）这三个要素构成，这也是一个提出问题→分析问题→解决问题的过程。
3.另外，英语议论文不仅需要说明自己的观点，而且还要让读者接受自己的观点。
因此，在词语表达上除了客观之外，还比较注重委婉。
作者的写作态度一般也较诚恳，在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交流的语气，不会给人以居高临下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉，在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can, may, might, could, would, should等情态动词。
为了辩证推理的条理性和逻辑性，往往较多地使用像since, now that, therefore, in that case, because, so, but, however等过渡词和连接词。
分类例析1.把握首段和首句完整的信息，把握全文的主旨大意典例1(2015·合肥高三质检）All of us go through some difficult times as we approach teenage years . It's the age when we have to deal with the most 36_____ in our life . This transition(过渡）from childhood to adulthood is 37_____ for some , but rough for others . The most important thing about being a teenager is 38______ . When we are teenagers , we would get blamed or even punished for anything wrong we do.36.A.chances B. changes C. feelings D. expectations【解析】：在这个阶段我们需要面对生活中的很多改变(changes)。
2020年高考英语专题训练系列 5-3 完形填空议论文(含答案)
5.3完形填空议论文-2020年高考英语专题训练系列(一)阅读下面短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I think that the most basic and powerful way to connect to another person is to listen. Just listen. Perhaps the most important thing we ever give each other is our 1 , and es pecially if it’s given from the 2 . When people are talking, there’s no need to do anything but 3_ to them. Just take them in. Listen to what they’re 4__. Care about it. Most times caring about it is even more 5 than understanding it.One of my patients told me that when she 6 to tell her story, people often 7 to tell her that they once had something just like that happening to her. 8 she stopped talking to most people. We connect through 9 . When we interrupt what someone is saying to let them know that we understand, we move the10 of attention to ourselves. But when we listen, they know we care.I have ever learned to respond to someone 11 by just listening. In the old days I used to reach for the tissues until I 12 that passing a person a tissue may be just another __13 to take them out of their experience of __14 and pain. Now I just listen. When they have cried all they __15 to cry, they find me there with them.This simple thing has not been that __16 to learn. It certainly went against everything I had been __17 since I was very young at school. I thought people listened only because they were too __18 to speak or did not know the answer. A loving silence often has far more power to _19 than the most kindest __20 .1. A.introduction B. situation C. attention D.expression2. A. head B. memory C. mind D. heart3. A. talk B. listen C. turn D. stick4. A. saying B. reminding C. announcing D. calling5. A. boring B. useful C. careful D. important6. A. managed B. tried C. hoped D. expected7. A. encouraged B. interrupted C. agreed D. continued8. A. Finally B. Immediately C. Completely D. Especially9. A. attracting B. speaking C. listening D. sharing10. A. problem B. focus C. interest D. choice11. A. crying B. shouting C. complaining D. failing12. A. misunderstood B. promised C. realized D. refused13. A. way B. direction C. attitude D. style14. A. pride B. surprise C. enjoyment D. sadness15. A. need B. dare C. require D. choose16. A. difficult B. easy C. complicated D. interesting17. A. attended B. advertised C. taught D. proved18. A. proud B. eager C. active D. shy19. A. compete B. confuse C. connect D. contain20. A. scold B. praise C. consideration D. words助读词汇interrupt vt. 打断praise n./vt. 表扬complain v. 埋怨complicated adj. 复杂的tissue n. 纸巾；(生物的)组织stick to 坚持take in 吸收respond to 回应care about 在意；在乎complain about 抱怨……go against 违反；与……相违背(二)阅读下面短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020江苏高考英语二轮培优新方案：专题限时检测(十六)+阅读理解A篇送分练(一)+Word版含解析
专题限时检测（十六）阅读理解A篇送分练(一)(共5篇，限时25分钟)ACorfu, GreeceCorfu may be well-known for its party atmosphere, but it's beneath the surface of its shining Mediterranean waters that things get really lively.Here, you can put on your diving equipment on the beach andhead out into the bay where you'll find a rock wall reaching to depthsof around 30 meters, sheltering a wide variety of impressive wildlife.Normandy, FranceAs one of the most fascinating dive sites in the world, the shores off the coast of Normandy in France offer divers a look into the destruction of the Second World War's most memorable battle.This Normandy dive is a beautiful, yet haunting view into the past,the dark and cloudy waters only adding to the fascinating atmosphereof the location.Lanzarote, SpainOut on the eastern reaches of the Atlantic Ocean, Lanzarote sits inthe Canary Islands and is the finest of the lots when it comes to diving.An active volcanic island. The explosive power of Lanzarote hascarved out some truly beautiful landscapes over the years, both aboveand below the water's surface. Just off the coast of the island, you'llfind deep rock walls, caves and trenches; striking, dramatic andteeming with (遍布) life.Lofoten, NorwaySet in the southern reaches of the Arctic Ocean, the waters that surround the Lofoten Islands of Norway are teeming with life. The Lofoten Islands offer striking scenery as a backdrop to your Arctic diving adventure.Beneath the waves, Lofoten is just as magnificent. Largespecies of coral, plants, fishes, crustaceans (甲壳纲动物) and jellyfishall call the waters around Lofoten home, making for some trulybreathtaking diving experiences.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。
高中英语 高三精准培优专练 完形填空之议论文(含答案)
完形填空之议论文真题在线1.应用①2020（2020·全国III卷·完形填空）As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 41 can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, 42 their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll 43 that they left it in the changing room, create havoc(混乱) and then 44 it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a 46 colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 47 .I remember the first really 48 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was 49 absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather 50 that she became a “regular”. After a while, she 51 for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat 52 , and since she’d found it too much to cope with(应对), she’d taken it out on 53 people.That taught me a valuable 54 and I pass it on to the people who 55 in the market. Don’t take it 56 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not 57 .” Always water it down and don’t let your ego(自我) get 58 . If you do, you won’t be able to 59 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyone’s day.41. A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists42. A. saying B. pretending C. guessing D. replying43. A. agree B. promise C. imagine D. swear44. A. forget B. decide C. discover D. assume45. A. foods B. catalogues C. belongings D. goods46. A. particular B. different C. matching D. natural47. A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing48. A. generous B. polite C. careless D. difficult49. A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. uncertain about50. A. relaxed B. delighted C. surprised D. embarrassed51. A. searched B. argued C. prayed D. apologized52. A. by chance B. by herself C. on purpose D. on duty53. A. rude B. such C. other D. lonely54. A. lesson B. trick C. skill D. trade55. A. work B. shop C. meet D. quarrel56. A. kindly B. secretly C. personally D. casually57. A. ready B. away C. up D. well58. A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. above the law59. A. stress B. expect C. handle D. blame60. A. ruins B. makes C. starts D. saves2.应用②2019（2019·天津卷·完形填空）I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus, which was now speeding in the dark to some 21 station.The 22 moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the 23 of that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver’s license, the cash, all lost to the bus.Two hours later, back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband 24 it while I was on the phone in the dining room. “Does Jennifer live here?” I heard a lady say. In my husband’s hand was my wallet, with not a penny 25 . She left before I could 26 make it to the door to offer my thanks.After sharing the story online, I heard from someone, who 27 the lady as Erin Smith. Without 28 , I called to thank her. She said she 29 my wallet on a bus seat. She 30 that going to a stranger’s house was a 31 move, but she decided to take the chance. “If I were in that 32 , I would want someone to try to find me.” she said.This one stranger responded beautifully to my small 33 , but she actually wasn’t the only one. Right after Erin 34 my wallet on the bus, she posted a picture of my driver’s license to an online forum(论坛), trying to see 35 anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son’s nursery and who recognized my face. I’ve never 36 words with those moms beyond small tall, but they wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever, but that’s not how the people I 37 tend to act.38 , I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone 39 what almost anyone would have done, finding my house on a bitterly cold night, and for that I was extremely 40 .21. A. accessible B. hidden C. unknown D. convenient22. A. face-saving B. brain-washing C. eye-catching D. heart-stopping23. A. parts B. contents C. details D. ingredients24. A. ignored B. answered C. examined D. interrupted25. A. missing B. returned C. remaining D. abandoned26. A. still B. ever C. yet D. even27. A. selected B. appointed C. identified D. defined28. A. delay B. alarm C. regret D. invitation29. A. moved B. placed C. opened D. spotted30. A. disagreed B. complained C. calculated D. recommended31. A. selfless B. risky C. slow D. personal32. A. site B. direction C. situation D. atmosphere33. A. crisis B. danger C. threat D. failure34. A. got rid of B. made use of C. had control of D. took possession of35. A. if B. where C. how D. when36. A. recalled B. exchanged C. repeated D. whispered37. A. encounter B. follow C. consult D. accompany38. A. Going away B. Turning around C. Looking back？ D. Coming along39. A. into B. against C. over D. beyond40. A. longing B. enthusiastic C. concerned D. gratefulPassage 1Imagine that your life is like a treasure hunt. One day, a particular goal 1 your attention and you decide to 2 on a treasure hunt. You begin the long hike and encounter a 3 or two along the way. Already the 4 path is starting to look different from the buried treasure that you have been imagining. Things get 5 when you finally arrive at the spot. You say to yourself, “This doesn’t look like the treasure I 6 imagined! I must be on the wrong path. I 7 all this time!”You wonder, “Hmm...maybe I should 8 goals?” after thinking for a few moments. It’s 9 to feel a sense of disappointment or 10 when this occurs, but I think the deeper problem is 11 in how we approached the treasure in the first place.The 12 is that most people spend all of their time thinking about the treasure. The fastest way to get to a particular spot, 1 ,is to set your compass and start walking. The idea here is to commit to your goal with the strongest 14 . Develop a clear, single-minded 15 for where you are. And then 16 all of your energy to the journey and be committed to the path you are walking.In other words, your goal becomes your compass, not your buried treasure. The goal is your 17 , not your destination. The goal is a mission that you are on, a path that you 18 . That is just fine and worthwhile, 19 comes from that path. It is the commitment to walking the path that 20 .1. A. reminds B. turns C. pays D. grabs2. A. set out B. work out C. give out D. turn out3. A. challenge B. misfortune C. story D. surprise4. A. smooth B. actual C. narrow D. false5. A. better B. more complex C. more relaxing D. worse6. A. hardly B. usually C. previously D. normally7. A. forgot B. wasted C. valued D. managed8. A. attain B. assess C. switch D. achieve9. A. natural B. necessary C. obvious D. strange10. A. failure B. confusion C. shame D. ignorance11. A. buffed B. lost C. absorbed D. rooted12. A. evidence B. lesson C. truth D. problem13. A. anyway B. however C. otherwise D. therefore14. A. belief B. feelings C. support D. nerves15. A. habit B. desire C. focus D. interest16. A. preserve B. improve C. research D. devote17. A. dream B. motto C. direction D. schedule18. A. follow B. show C. recommend D. demand19. A. whichever B. whatever C. whoever D. whenever20. A. deserves B. counts C. works D. gathersPassage 2To most people, winter is dull and grey which raises many emotional problems. 21 the flowering blossoms(花) by my front gate bring their bright beauty to the 22 of winter. I feel they are astonishingly stunning(极其漂亮的). Why do these small blossoms 23 me so much, even more than a large number of wildflowers and roses in long summer days? When most of the trees and bushes are 24 , these tiny rose-colored blossoms are a rare 25 . In my eyes, they are predictors of 26 .Rushing from one task to another and moving mindlessly 27 our days, we become accustomed to or 28 good and beautiful things in our lives. We focus, 29 , on what’s wrong with our world, our jobs, our health and relationships, 30 what Shakespeare called “the thousand natural shocks that flesh is heir to(是……的继承者)”.But a moment of beauty can 31 us up, especially when it is 32 . We are filled witha sense of awe(敬畏)and 33 when we see blossoms in winter, a ray of sunlight through the clouds of a rainbow arching overhead. These positive emotions can 34 us. They strengthen our immune systems, develop our personal 35 , open our mind, and enable us to explore the 36 of the world. As Emerson, Thoreau, and centuries of poets have realized, a moment of beauty can 37 our world view on the whole and thus 38 change our lives.If you’re experiencing “the winter of discontent”, 39 during these dark days, look around you at the 40 world to experience the healing power of beauty.21. A. But B. And C. So D. Or22. A. abundance B. authority C. darkness D. departure23. A. control B. affect C. defeat D. bother24. A. blank B. loose C. small D. bare25. A. exception B. advantage C. value D. tendency26. A. contentment B. faith C. demand D. hope27. A. across B. beneath C. around D. through28. A. replace B. overlook C. doubt D. misunderstand29. A. instead B. anyway C. even D. still30. A. made up with B. caught up in C. looking down on D. coming up with31. A. move B. wake C. bear D. dig32. A. absurd B. convincing C. unexpected D. automatic33. A. appreciation B. belief C. regret D. commitment34. A. nurse B. remind C. heal D. save35. A. resources B. force C. experiences D. stability36. A. connection B. impression C. ambition D. diversity37. A. approach B. determine C. transform D. honor38. A. immediately B. actually C. readily D. briefly39. A. entertaining B. surviving C. escaping D. struggling40. A. natural B. familiar C. mysterious D. complex（2020·全国III卷·完形填空）【答案】41-45 BADCD46-50 ABDBC51-55 DBCAA56-60 CDBCA【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。
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专题限时检测(十五)完形填空之议论文体(共2篇，每篇限时18分钟)A(2019·无锡模拟)Why study history?People live in the present. They plan for the __1__. History, however, is the study of the past. Given all the __2__ and pressures that come from living in the present and __3__ what is yet to come, why bother with what has happened? Given all the available branches of knowledge, why insist — as most __4__ systems do — on history? And why urge many students to study even more history than they are __5__ to?Any subject of study needs __6__：supporters must explain why it is worth __7__. Like most widely accepted __8__，history attracts people who simply __9__ the information and modes of thought involved. But for people who are less interested in the subject and more __10__ about why they should bother with it, a clearer explanation of its purpose is required.__11__ do not perform heart transplants, improve highway design, or arrest criminals. In a society that quite correctly expects education to serve __12__ purposes, history's functions can seem more difficult to __13__ than those of engineering or medicine. History is in fact very useful, actually __14__，but the products of historical study are often less __15__ and immediate than those of other subjects.History helps us understand people, societies and how they __16__. For example, how can we __17__ past wars and future threats without using historical materials? Unfortunately, major aspects of the society's operation cannot be set up as precise experiments. __18__，history must serve, however imperfectly, as our __19__，helping us understand who we are and why we do what we do. This, fundamentally, is why we cannot __20__ history.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。
很多人有这样的疑惑：我们所有的需求和压力都来自于活在当下，以及对未来的预期，为什么还要在已经发生的事情上花费时间呢？虽然历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科那样立竿见影，但是，历史学科实际上是非常重要的，它能帮助我们了解我们是谁、我们为什么要做我们所做的事情。
1．A.process B．resultC．future D．environment解析：选C根据上句“We live in the present.”和该句中的“plan for”，并结合常识可知，人们为未来做计划。
C项意为“未来”，符合语境。
A项意为“过程”；B项意为“结果”；D项意为“环境”。
2．A.causes B．demandsC．choices D．orders解析：选B根据该句中的“and pressures that come from living in the present”并结合选项可知，空处与名词“pressures”对应，表示“来自活在当下的需求和压力”。
B项意为“需求”，符合语境。
A项意为“原因”；C项意为“选择”；D项意为“次序”。
3．A.avoiding B．fearingC．celebrating D．anticipating解析：选D根据上文的“They plan for the ________”以及该句中的“________ what is yet to come”，并结合语境可知，此处是说对未来的预期。
D项意为“预期”，符合语境。
A 项意为“避免”；B项意为“恐惧”；C项意为“庆祝”。
4．A.financial B．socialC．educational D．political解析：选C根据下文中的“urge many students to study even more history”可知，我们总是敦促学生学习更多历史知识；结合该句的内容可知，考虑到所有可用的知识分支，为什么大多数教育体系坚持教授历史？C项意为“教育的”，符合语境。
A项意为“财政的”；B项意为“社会的”；D项意为“政治的”。
5．A.required B．invitedC．forced D．permitted解析：选A根据该句的内容，并结合常识可知，此处表示为什么要敦促许多学生学习比他们被要求学习的还要多的历史呢？A项意为“要求”，符合语境。
B项意为“邀请”；C项意为“强迫”；D项意为“允许”。
6．A.direction B．explorationC．justification D．revolution解析：选C根据该句的内容，并结合常识可知，任何学科的研究都需要正当的理由(justification)，支持者必须解释其值得关注(attention)的原因，故C项正确。
A项意为“方向”；B项意为“探索”；D项意为“改革”。
7．A.assessment B．attentionC．expectation D．mention解析：选B参见上题解析。
B项意为“关注”，符合语境。
A项意为“评估”；C项意为“期望”；D项意为“提及”。
8．A.subjects B．conceptsC．topics D．concerns解析：选A根据该段第一句中的“subject”，并结合语境可知，该处指“正如大多数被普遍接受的学科”。
A项意为“学科”，符合语境。
B项意为“概念”；C项意为“话题”；D项意为“忧虑”。
9．A.provide B．receiveC．share D．like解析：选D根据该句中的“history attracts people who simply ________ the information and modes of thought involved”并结合语境可知，历史吸引了喜欢这些信息以及有相关思维方式的人。
D项意为“喜欢”，符合语境。
A项意为“提供”；B项意为“收到”；C项意为“分享”。
10．A.doubtful B．worriedC．thoughtful D．certain解析：选A根据该句中的“why they should bother with it”可知，对于那些对这门学科不太感兴趣，而且对为什么要花费时间学这门学科有疑问的人来说，需要更清楚地解释学这门学科的目的。
A项意为“怀疑的”，符合语境。
B项意为“担心的”；C项意为“思考的，深思的”；D项意为“肯定的”。
11．A.Supporters B．HistoriansC．Audiences D．Teachers解析：选B根据上文可知，文章主要是论述历史研究的，因此该处是在说明历史学家的特点，并引出对上述问题的解释。
B项意为“历史学家”，符合语境。
A项意为“支持者”；C项意为“观众”；D项意为“老师”。
12．A.public B．multipleC．different D．useful解析：选D根据该句中的“In a society that quite correctly expects education to serve ________ purposes”，并结合该段尾句中的“History is in fact very useful”和常识可知，社会期望教育有作用。
D项意为“有用的”，符合语境。
A项意为“公共的”；B项意为“多种多样的”；C项意为“不同的”。
13．A.define B．expectC．satisfy D．ignore解析：选A根据该句中的“history's functions can seem more difficult to ________ than those of engineering or medicine”，并结合常识可知，历史学科的功能似乎比工程或医学学科的功能更难定义。
A项意为“给……下定义”，符合语境。
B项意为“预期”；C项意为“满足”；D项意为“忽视”。
14．A.optional B．attractiveC．accessible D．essential解析：选D根据该句中的“History is in fact very useful, actually ________”，并结合语境可推知，空处和“very useful”对应，说明历史事实上是非常有用的，实际上是非常重要的。
D项意为“极其重要的”，符合语境。
A项意为“可选择的”；B项意为“吸引人的”；C项意为“可进入的”。
15．A.valuable B．interestingC．instructive D．accurate解析：选C根据该句中的“but the products of historical study are often less ________ and immediate than those of other subjects”可知，历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科的成果更有教育意义和即时的效果。