13广药专英语1功课
药学专业英语
广东药学院
精品课程、优质课程申报书
课程名称药学专业英语
课程性质□公共必修课□基础必修课
□专业主要课程□其它
申报类型□精品课程□优质课程
课程负责人曾爱华
所属二级学院药科学院（盖章）
所属教研室药学综合教研室
申报日期2009 年 5 月 18 日
广东药学院教务处制
1.课程基本信息及指导思想
说明：1、本申报书各项内容阐述时请注意以事实和数据为依据，各表格不够可加页。
2、申报精品课程必须有课程网站，未被评选为精品课程者自动参与优质课程评选。
2. 师资队伍
3. 课程教学
6. 教学效果
7. 课程特色
8. 课程建设计划。
药学专业英语
广东药学院精品课程、优质课程申报书课程名称药学专业英语课程性质□公共必修课□基础必修课□专业主要课程□其它申报类型□精品课程□优质课程课程负责人曾爱华所属二级学院药科学院（盖章）所属教研室药学综合教研室申报日期2009 年 5 月18 日广东药学院教务处制1.课程基本信息及指导思想课程教育思想观念《药学专业英语》课程是药学英语特色专业的一项重要专业课，是学生在学完公共英语之后的延续，其要旨在于帮助学生完成从基础英语到专业英语的过渡。
药学专业英语是一门英语与药学交叉的科目，在讲授专业英语课时，首先主要通过教师在课堂上用英语讲授，配以课堂讨论，并要求学生以英语发言，提高学生的英语听说能力；其次布置大量阅读材料让学生自学，通过教师的适当检查，或让学生在课堂上讲解，提高学生阅读专业英语书籍的能力；最后将部分专业阅读材料布置给学生做学习翻译的课外练习，在课堂上讨论学生作业中的错误和翻译技巧问题，提高学生翻译的技能。
在教学过程中，注意培养学生独立思考和学习的能力，使学生在课程结束后，在实际工作中，能较流畅地阅读专业英语资料，为进一步的工作和科研奠定基础。
我们认为，在当今社会发展日新月异的情况下，在授课过程中我们力争做到面向每个学生，充分考虑学生的个性，充分发挥每一位学生的主动性和潜能，进而建立平等、和谐的师生关系。
从教师的职责而言：（1）教师是学生学习的设计者与帮助者。
（2）教师应成为创新思维型、学者型教师。
（3）教师要与时俱进，终身学习。
为了提高教师本身的素质，我们认为：（1）积极参加教学研究活动是转变教师教育观念的最有效途径，鼓励教师参与教学研究，尤其是参与教学方法改革、课程改革等方面的研究。
多参加教学课题的申报、实施和积累。
（2）观察学习。
要求年轻教师积极参加听教学经验丰富老教师的授课，使教师能在学习别人良好经验的过程中更新自己的教育方式。
观察学习是学习者通过有意识的观察和学习，并对自己观察到的内容进行消化和吸收，在此基础上加以创新。
药理学I大纲.pdf
药理学—I大纲rmationCourse name: pharmacology-ⅠCourse number：50128050Course sort：basic medical sciences coursePeriod：5period/week，85period/semesterCredit：52.Objective and requestPharmacology is one of the important basic medical sciences. It is a interdisciplinary course which has close relationship with many other medical and disciplines, such as physiology, biochemistry, immunology, pathology, anatomy, histology, and clinical medicines as well, it is a bridge between the basic medical sciences and clinical medicines. It is a study of the pharmcodyanamics and pharmcokinetics, the course are grouped into five parts, these include general principle, autonomic agents, renal and cardiovascular drugs, central nervous systems agents, and chemotherapeutic drugs. This course is intended to introduce the basic knowledge about the structure of the drug, the mechanism of drug actions and the therapeutic usefulness of the drug in the treatment of diseases are stressed.3. ContentChapter 1General Pharmacologic principles iutroduction1.Drugs: concept2.Pharmacology: major content of pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics and pharmocokinetics. The responsibility of pharmaclogy.3.History of pharmacology.4.New drug development and research.Chapter 2Effects of drugs on the body – Pharmacodynamics1.Drug’s action and pharmacological effect.2.The basic display of Drug action.3.Specificity and selectivity.4.Treatment action and adverse reaction: (Side reaction, toxic reaction, residual effect, withdrawalreaction, allergic reaction and idiosyncrasy).5.Drug’s dose – effect relationship: Dose–effect curve, efficacy, Potency, ED50 , LD50 ; Therapeuticindex and Margin of safety.Drug’s mechanism: concept of receptor, affinity and intrinsic activity, agonist, antagonist and partial agonist, receptor dynamics. The concept and significance of PD2, PA2. Receptor classification and the second messenger. receptor of regulation of adjust.Chapter 3Effects of the body on drugs – pharmacokinetics Drug’s transport: Simple diffusion, active transport, facilitated diffusion. The feature of drug supply way. First pass elimination and the factor of effecting on absorption. The sense and regularity of plasma protein binding. The effect of drug distribution.Biotransformation: the way, the feature of liver drug’s enzyme, inducing and inhibiting agents of liver drug’s enzyme. Excretion: the feature of kidney excretion. Bile excretion: Hepatoenteral circulation.Time –concentration (or response ) relationship the basic concept and parameters of pharmacokinetics: zero–order kinetics and one–order kinetics, one compartment and two compartment model, bioavailability, apparent volume of distribution (Vd), clearance(CL), steady-state concentration(Css), the concept and sense of half –life time (t1/2).Chapter 4Factors affecting drug action and the rational clinical use of drugs Drug preparation , drug’s interaction , synergisin and antagonism, the effect factor of drug, habitation , tolerance, dependence, addiction. Drug abuse. Drug resistance: concept reasonable principle of drug usage.Chapter 5Introduction to autonomic nervous systemPhysiological function of autonomic nervous systemTransmitter and receptor of autonomic nervous systemTransmitter synthesis, deposition, release and disappearance of autonomic nervous system.Chapter 6Cholinoceptor agonistsPharmacological effects and clinical uses of pilocarpine.Pharmacological effects of acetylcholine.Adverse reactions of pilocarpine.Chapter 7anticholinesterase and cholinesterase reactivator Pharmacological effects and clinical uses of neostigmine.The mechanism and clinical sign of acute organophsphates poisoning. The priciple of treatment with acute organophsphates poisoning.Action mechanism of anticholinesterase.The action mechanism of cholinesterase reactivator.Chronic toxicity of organophsphates.Chapter 8M-cholinoceptor blocking drugsPharmacological effects and clinical uses of atropine.Side effects of atropine. Pharmacological effects and clinical uses of anisodamine and scopolamine. Atropine related derivatives.Chapter 9N-Cholinoceptor Blocking drugsThe action mechanisms of N2 receptor blocking agents.Clinical use of competitive neuromuscular blockersClinical use of suxamethonium.Chapter 10Adrenoceptor agonistsPharmacological effects and clinical uses of adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline. Pharmacological effects and clinical uses of ephedrine and dopamine.Structure-effects relationshipPharmacokinetics of adrenaline and noradrenaline.Other adrenoceptor agonists.Chapter 11Adrenoceptor blocking drugsPharmacological effects and clinical uses of β receptor blocking agents.Pharmacological effects and clinical uses of phentolamine and henoxybenzamine.Classification of α adrenoceptor blocking drugs.Adverse effects of β receptor blocking agents.Chapter 12Local anesthetics1.The concept of local anesthetics:Local anesthetics, mechanism , action .2.Prcaine, Tetracaine, Lidocaine:pharmacological effects and mechanism of action, clinical uses, adverse reaction.3.The way of local anesthetics supply, selective drug , the principle of uses.4.The affecting factor of local anesthetics.Chapter 13Sedative – hypnotics1.Concept and classification of sedative – hypnotics .2.Benzodiazepines: Diazepam, Flurazepam, Oxazepam, Triazolam: pharmacokinetics. pharmacological effects and mechanism of action, clinical uses, adverse reaction.3.Barbiturates: Phenobarbital, amobarbital, secobarbital, thiopentall: actions, mechanism, uses, adverse reaction.Chapter 14Drug used to treat epilepsy and anticonvulsants1.classification of epilepsy, the action way of ant- epilepsy .2.Phenytoinn sodium (dilantin ): pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, uses, adverse reaction.3.Carbamazepine: action, uses, adverse reaction.4.Sedium V alproate: action, mechanism, adverse reaction.5.Phenobarbital and other drugs: therapeutic uses.6.Anticonvulsants: Barbitarates, Chloral hydrate, diazepam, magnesium sulfate: therapeutic uses and adverse reaction.Chapter 15Drugs used in the treatmaut of psychiatric disorders1.Concept of psychiatric disorders and classified psychotropic drugs.2.Chlorpromazine ( wintermine ): pharmacokineties, pharmacological effects and mechanism of action, clinical uses, adverse reaction.3.Perphenazine, fluphenazine, trifluoperazine, chlorprothixene, Haloperidol penfluridol, Sulpiride , clozapine : feature of the action , uses, adverse reaction .4.Imipramine, amitriptyline: the action of antidepressant, therapeutic uses, adverse reaction.5.Lithium carborate : the action uses, therapeutic uses ,adverse reaction.Chapter 16opioid Analgesics and antagonists1.the concept and structure relationship of analgesics.2.Opium alkaloids: Opium receptorMorphine: history, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological effects, mechanism therapeutic uses, acute toxicity, addictions, treatment of naloxane, contradiction.Codeine: pharmacologic effects ,. therapeutic uses,3.Semisynthetic analgesiesPethidine (Dolatin) pharmacologic effects, pharmacokinetics clinical uses, addication, adverse reaction.Methadone, Pentazocine , fentanyl: feature of action, use, adverse reaction .Chapter 17Central stimulantsClassified central stimulants.1Nikethamide: pharmacologic effects, mechanism , therapeutic uses, adverse reactions.2Caffeine: pharmacologic effects, therapeutic uses.Chepter 18Antipyretic – analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs Antipyreic, analgesic and anti – inflamatory: association with in hibiting PG sunthesis.3Salicylates: Aspirin: pharmacokineties, pharmacologic effects, mechanism , therapeutic uses adverse reactions.1.Paracetal: pharmacologic effects, therapeutic uses and adverse reaction.2.Phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone: pharmacokinetics, pharmacologic effects, therapeuticuses adverse reaction.3Other drugs: indomethacin, sulindac, mefenamic acid, ibuprofen piroxicam and meloxicamChaptor 19Antiarrhythmic drugs1.The electrophysiology of normal myocardia and the cause of arrhythmias.2.The basic electrophysiological action of antiarrhythmic drugs.3.Classification of antiarrhythmic drugs.4.The major antiarrhythmic drugs:1) Group I: sodium channel blocking agents.IA: Quinidine: basic action: blocking sodium channelInfluence on autonomic nerves.Pharmacologic manifestation: decreasing autorhythmicityand slowing conduction velocity; prolong refractory period;blocking cholinergic receptor and alpha adrenergic receptor.Procainamide: feature of effect.I B Lidocaine: blocking sodium channel slightly, opening potassium channel, the His–purkinjesystem is the major site of action, depressing autorhythmicity influencing conduction velocity, refractory period and action potential period. Used to ventricular arrhythmias.Process in the body, side effects.Phenytoin: pharmacologic effects and uses are similar to Lidocaine, especially used to cardiac glycosides poisoning.Ic: propafenone: blocking sodium channel obviously, slowing conduction velocity of the auricle, ventricles and His–purkinje system, depresing autorhythmicity of His–purkinje system, prolong refractory period and action potential period.Used to supraventricular arrhythmias and ventricular arrhythmias.2). Group II: beta – adrenergic blockersPropranolol: antiarrythmic action and uses.3). Group III: drugs of prolonging action potential period.Amiodarone: prolonging action potential period and effective refractory period.4). Group IV: Calcium channel blocking agents.V erapamil: the electrophysiologic actions, clinic uses and side effects.Diltiazem: effectsChapter 20Drugs used to treatment congestive heart failure (CHF)Classification of anti – congestive heart failure1 Cardiac glycosides:resource and structure function relationshipthe major drugs: Digoxin, Digitoxin, strophanthin K, Cedilanidpharmacologic effects: mechanism of positive inotropic effect, negtive frequence effect, electrophysiologic effect (autorhythmicity, conduction velocity and effective refractory period) electrocardiacgram’s feature. Other effects, such as diuretic action, etc.Process in the body.Clinic uses (CHF atrial flutter, atrial fibrillatio，and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia) Side effects (gastrointestinal, nervous system’s, cardiac toxicity) and the treatment method of cardiac poisoning.2 Effects and uses of non –cardiac glycosides: positive inotropic drugs.3 V asodilators:the major drugs: ACEI and AT1 antagonists, nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside, hydrazine, prazosin, nifedipine.Chapter 21Antianginal drugs1 Effects and mechanism of antianginal drugs.2 Nitrates (nitroglycerin): effects, mechanism, adverse reaction and uses.3 Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents: effects, uses.4 Calcium channel blockers: antianginal mechanism and uses.The major drugs: nifedipine, verapamil, diltrizem.Chapter 22Antihypertensive drugsAntihypertensive drugs influence on sympathetic nerve system, renal, blood vessel, renin angiotensin aldosterone system and endothelin system.Classification (according to the effects site).1 Inhibiting sympathetic nerve drugs.1) influencing sympathetic center.Clonidine: antihypertensive mechanism, uses, adverse reaction.2)drugs blocking nervous node;3)drugs influencing adrenergic nerve terminal: Reserpine: antihypertension mechanism, uses,adverse reaction and caution of uses.4)Adrenergic receptor blocking agents.Prazosin: antihypertension effect, indication, adverse reaction.propranolol: effects, antihypertensive mechanism, therapeutic uses.2 Relax vascular smooth muscle’s drugs:Hydralazine Diazoxide Minoxidil Sodium nitroprusside: pharmacological effects, therapeutic uses, adverse reaction.1.3 Diuretics :Hydrocholorothiadize: pharmacology effects, antihypertensive mechanism,therapeutic uses. adverse reaction.4 Angiotension converting enzyme inhibitors and A T1blockers:angiotension converting enzyme inhibitors: Captopril: pharmacology effects, mechanism, uses, adverse reaction.A T1 blockers: Losartan: pharmacological effects,, mechanism, uses, adverse reaction.5 Calcium Channel blocker:Nifedipine: effects and uses.The principle of using antihypertesive drugs.Chapter 23Diuretics and dehydrantsDiuretics:conception, site of action and classification .1.high – rate diuretics:furosemide: pharmacological effects, mechanism, uses and adverse reaction,etacrynic acid, bumetanide.2.Moderate –rate diuretics:Hydrochlorothiazide: pharmacological effects, mechanism, therapeutic uses adverse reactions.3.Low –rate diuretics:spironolactone: effects and mechanism.triamterence amiloride : effects and mechanism.Dehydrants:mannitol: effects and usesSorbitol, 50%glucose, urea.Chapter 24Drugs acting on the blood and theblood – forming organs1Anticoagulantsprocess of blood coagulatingHeparin, coumarin, anti –blood – plate drugs. Fibrinolytic drugs:pharmacological effects, uses and adverse reaction.2Coagulants:vitamin Kantifibrinolysin: PAMBA, AMCHA: pharmacological effects, therapeutic uses Antianemic drugs: ferric agents, Flic acid. Vitamin B12: process in the body effects.3Increasing blood volume drugs: dextran.Chapter 25Histamin receptor blocking agents1Effects of Histamin: types and effects of Histamin receptors.2 H1– receptor blocker: therapeutic uses, adverse reaction.the major drugs: Diphenhydamine promethazine, chlorphenamine3H2– receptor blocker:Cimetidine: pharmacological effects, therapeutic uses, adverse reactions.Ranitidine, Famotidine:Chapter 26Antiasthmatic drugs antitussives and expectorants1 Antiasthmatics:Adrenergic recptor stimulants, aminophylline, Ipratropine.Adrenocortical hormones. Sodium cromoglicate: pharmacological effects, mechanism, therapeutic uses and cautions of uses.2Antitussives:Codeine, pentoxyverine, Benzonatate: pharmacological effects, therapeutic uses.3Expectorants:Ammonium chloride, Acetylcysteine : effects and uses.Chapter 27Drugs acting on the gastrointestinal tract1 Anti-ulcer drugs:effect and uses Magnesium, magnesinm hydroxide, Magnesium trisilicate, Aluminum hydroxide pirenzepine Omeprazole, Misoprostol: effects.The drugs inhibiting gastric acid:H2 receptor blockers: cimitidine, ranitidine, famotidine,M receptor blockers: pirenzepine,H+-K+-A TPE inhibitor: omeprazole: effect and mechanism,The drugs facilitating gastrointestinal movement: metoclopramide, domperidone.2Laxatives:Magnesium sulfate: action and therapeutic uses.Bisacodyl, Glycerin.Chapter 28Oxytocics1.Oxytocin①st i mulating effects on the gravid uterus.②Relationship between dose, physiologic state and effect.③Uses and caution of uses.2.Ergometrine:①features of action .②uses and adverse reaction.3.Leonurus heterophyllus: action and uses.4.Prostaglandins : stimulating effects on the gravid uterus.Chapter 29Sex hormones and contraceptives1.Secretion and mechanism of action of sex hormones.2.Estrogens:①estradiol, diaethylstilbestrol, quinestrol.②Physiologic and pharmacologic effects, therapeutic uses.3.Progestogens:①Progesterone, medroxyprogesterone.②effects on uterus, mammary gland and ovary.4.Contraceptives:①1) composition , 2)action and mechanism of action. 3) uses and adverse reaction.②other contraceptivesaction and mechanism of actionChapter 30Adrenal corticosteroids1 Classification, structure and function relationship:cortisone, Hydrocortisone, prednisone prednisolone, Dexamethasone Betamethasone，2Glucocorticoids: physiologic effects.Pharmacologic effects: anti – inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-toxicity, anti – shock and mechanism, influence blood system and central nerve system.Process in the body, usefulness, adverse reactions, caution of uses.Chapter 31Antithyroid drugs and hypoglycemic drugs1.Insulinpharmcological effects, mechanism and therapeutic uses.2.Oral hypoglrosemic agents①sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic agents action , mechanism of action , uses andadverse reaction .②Biguanidespharmcological effects, mechanism, therapeutic uses and adverse reaction.3.Thiourea①pharmcological effect, mechanism and therapeutic uses of methylthiouracil, propylthiuacil,thiamazole and carbimazole.4.Iodine and Iodide①pharmcological effect, mechanism and therapeutic uses of 131I.Chapter 32General Consideration of Antimicrobial DrugsConcept and significance of MIC and chemotherapeutical index.Concept of the bacterial resistance , the possible mechanisms of bacterial resistanceGeneral mechanisms of antimicrobial drugsConcept of antimicrobial drugs. The interrelation of body, pathogen, and antimicrobial drugs.Chapter 33β-lactam antibioticsAntimicrobial spectrum and mechanism of action, the bacterial resistance of penicillins and cephalosporins.The clinical use and adverse reactions of penicillins and cephalosporins.Physical characteristics, chemical characteristics of penicillins and cephalosporins. The pharmacokinetic properties. Otherβ-lactams.Chapter 34Macrolides, lincomycins and vancomycinCommon properties of macrolides. The antimicrobial spectrum and mechanism of action, the bacterial resistance of macrolides.adverse reactions and clinical uses of macrolides and lincomycin.Antibacterial spectrum and adverse reactions of vancomycin.Chapter 35Aminoglycosides and polymyxinsThe antibacterial spectrum and mechanisms of aminoglycosides.The resistance and adverse reactions of aminoglycosides.Pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides. Antibacterial characters and clinical uses of polymyxinsChapter 36Tetracyclines and chloramphenicolAntibacterial spectrum of tetracyclines and chloramphenicol.Clinical uses of tetracyclines and chloramphenicol. Pharmacokinetics of tetracyclinesAdverse reactions of tetracyclines and chloramphenicol. Pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol.Chapter 37Synthetic antibacterial drugsAntibacterial spectrum and antibacterial mechanism of quinolones.Mechanism of synergistic antibacterial effects with sulfonamides and trimethoprim.The clinical uses of fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides.Adverse reactions and prophylactic treatment indications of sulfonamides.Chapter 38Antifungal and antiviral drugsProperties of antifungal effects.Clinical uses of antifungal and antiviral drugs.Adverse reactions of antifungal and antiviral drugs.Chapter 39Antituberculosis and leprosy drugsBactericidal effects of isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampin and ethambutol to mycobacterium tuberculosis.Mechanism of action and the resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis.Principles of using antituberculosis drugs.Pharmacokinetics, asverse reactions, prophylactic treatment, clinical indication.Clinical use of antileprosy drugs.Chapter 40Antimalarial drugsClinical uses of chloroquine.Clinical uses of primaquine and pyrimethamineAntimalarial mechanism and adverse reactions of antimalarial drugs.Chapter 41antiameba and antitrichomonad drugsClinical use of metronidazole.Adverse reactions of metronidazole.Clinical use and adverse reactions of emitineChapter 42Antischistosomal and antifilariasis drugsClinical use of praziquantelClinical use of diethylcarbamazineAdverse reactions of praziquantel and diethylcarbamazine.Chapter 43Antihelminthic drugsClinical use of mebendazole and albendazole.Adverse reactions of mebendazole and albendazole.Clinical use other antihelminthic drugsChapter 44Antineoplastic drugsClassification of cell cycle specific or cell cycle nonspecific agents, and action mechanisms. Adverse reactions of antineoplastic drugs.Antitumor drug resistance. Principles of combined use of antineoplastic.Chapter 45ImmunomodulatorsClinical use of cyclosporin A.Clinical use of interferon, colony stimulating factor, and transfer factor.Adverse reactions of Immunomodulators.4.Text bookPharmacology edit by Marry J,Mycelc published by Xiehe mecical university5.Reference:1.Basic and clinical pharmacology, Bertram G.. Katzung, McGraw-Hill2.Goodman and Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of theraputics, Joel G. Hardman, Lee.E Limbird, McGraw-Hill6.Score assessthe score is determined by examination of end of term。
广东药科第二学期英语期末考试试卷
广东药科第二学期英语期末考试试卷1. They provided us a lot of food when we were in trouble.A. forB. ofC. withD. at2. What can we do ______ themselves from heart disease?A. to causeB. to admitC. to controlD. to protect3. It is important we should learn it well.A. too…lateB. such …thatC. very …thatD. so…that4. You will have to arrive there on time, you will miss a good chance.A. but soB. but alsoC. or soD. or else5. She is very nice and never talks .A. after others’ facesB. to others’ nosesC. bfore others’ eyesD. behind others’ backs6. Either his children or his wife his work when he lives far away.A. supportB. supportedC. supportsD. have supported7. I’m beginning to like Japanese food. I certainly rice to potatoes.A. likeB. wantC. preferD. love8. The next day the patient ______ a bedside telephone.A. made sureB. brought aboutC. asked forD. looked as9. In 1963 we moved to Boston, my grandparents lived.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. there10. It was a difficult time, but finally everything to be all right.A. worked outB. turned outC. hung outD. thought out11.They managed to a date for the wedding.A. agreeB. agree onC. agree withD. agree to 12. The report ______ the difficult types of home computer available.A. contactsB. commentsC. comparesD. cherishes13. I really must my studies, I have been lazy too long.A. make sureB. get down toC. end upD. turn in14. Tickets are selling well for the Olympic Games.A. upcomingB. generalC. optionalD. intelligent15. Have you been to the new shop is just opened in town?A. whatB. whereC. thatD. why16. ______ go straight on to university why not get some work experience first?A. Rather thanB. More thanC. Less thanD. Other than17. When he heard the good news, he with a smile.A. spokeB. behaveC. reactedD. asked18. Losing weight now is difficult, but you will feel betterif you lose it.A. in the long runB. above allC. not at allD. that way19. It was a difficult situation, but she with it very well.A. copedB. changedC. madeD. looked20. The factory workers have to work so as to finish their task today.Section ADirections:There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. Fill in each of theblanks with an appropriate word in the box given below. Change the form if necessary.1.Could you be ________ for a minute and stop making jokes?2.The story has a strong regional ______.3.Can you ________ some time to go and visit your friend?4.________ the chance, I will do better.１5.The ________ fan began following pop singer.6.________, I do not think much of the idea.7.The trip to a swimming pool is a ______ for most families.8.We asked high school students to ________ in sports.9.Whom will you vote for in the _________ election?10.Children were _________ by singer and dancers.Section BDirections:There are 10 incomplete statements in this section. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in the brackets.1.Friends do not argue, defend or attack during times of __________ (agree).2.Students and teachers should have a __________ (respect) attitude toward each other3.He sees smoking as _________ (health).4.He picked up the phone and __________ (dial) her number.5.There is a _________ (child) innocence between friends.6.He hoped to __________ (overcome) some hardship.7.I’ll lose my job if the factory __________ (close)8.It is unnecessary for friends to be ______ (exact) the same.9.After the guests left, he spent half an hour __________ (clean) the sitting room.Things started to go wrong as soon as we got to the hotel. We were all completely 1 after our long trip and looking forward to a shower and a rest. 2 we found that our room was not ready, which made us angry, although the manager was extremely apologetic. While we 3 , we asked about the excursions to places of interest which we had read about in the brochure. Imagine 4 we felt when we were told they had all been canceled! Apparently, the person responsible 5 organizing them had left suddenly and had not been replaced. Then Sally saw a notice pinned to the door of the restaurant, saying it was 6 for redecoration, and Peter discovered that the swimming pool was 7 . When we finally got to our room we were 8 to find that it was atthe back of the hotel, and we had a view of a car park, 9 seemed to be used as arubbish dump. We seriously began to wonder whether 10 not to stay.1. A. tired B. happy C. excited D. sad2. A. If B. And C. However D. When3. A. are waiting B. had waited C. wait D. were waiting4. A. how B. which C. when D. what5. A. of B. to C. for D. in6. A. open B. closed C. accessible D. said7. A. full B. available C. good D. empty8. A. surprise B. surprising C. surprised D. to surprise9. A. what B. which C. it D. thatPassage 1Christmas is the traditional time for having parties, meeting old friends, reuniting families, giving and receiving presents, and eating and drinking too much. All these activities go on at the time of the year when the Christian churches are celebrating the birth of Christ some 2000 years ago. Christmas is a time for carol-singers (mainly groups of children who go from house to house singing traditional religious songs and receive money from the householders). It’s also a time of Christmas s tockings hung by the chimney or at the foot of the bed by children who believe that Father Christmas comes down the chimney and brings them their presents. It’s a time of rich, heavy food and plenty of drink. Christmas is the only time of the year that many families can afford to have alcoholic drink in the house.Traditionally, children who have grown up and left the family home return at Christmas to celebrate the festival with their parents.Commercial exploitation is increasing every year, and all the big department stores make a lot of money from the sale of presents, many of which will soon be forgotten both by the giver and the receiver. In almost every large store there is a “Father Christmas”, complete with a long white beard, red coat and trousers and snow-covered boots. December 25th and２26th (Boxing Day, named after the “boxes” or presents that used to be given to servants on that day) are both national holidays, but New Year’s Day (January 1st) is not, except in Scotland, where it is more important than Christmas.Every home tries to obtain a Christmas tree, which is a type of fir tree. This is hung with presents and decorations and electric lights and forms the focus of the room in which the celebrations are taking place.1. At Christmas, Christian churches will ______.A) meet old friends B) receive giftsC) have parties D) celebrate the birth of Christ2. Carol-singers ______.A) are young children B) sing traditional religious songsC) rob money from house to house D) both A and B3. Children hang Christmas stockings ______.A) by the chimney B) at the foot of the bedC) on the wall D) both A and B4. Father Christmas ______ with a long beard, red coat and trousers and snow-covered boots.A) is a man B) is imagined to be a manC) lived D) likes a man5. Boxing Day is on ______.A) December 25th B) December 26thC) January 1st D) December 1stPassage 2Time spent in bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book lover or merely there to buy a book as a present. Whatever the person, you can soon become totally in aware of your surroundings. You soon become engrossed（全神贯注) in some books, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment --- without buying a book, of course. This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. A music shop is very like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart's content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting:" Can I help you, sir?" You needn’t buy anything you don't want. In a bookshop, an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing（游览）.Then, and only then, are his services necessary.You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing -- something which had only vaguely interested you up until then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section. Booksellers must be both long-suffering and indulgent（宽容）.6. You may be unaware of the time passing by in a bookshop because ______.A) you want to escape the reality of everyday lifeB) you have to finish browsing one of the booksC) you don't want to waste your moneyD) you have to make sure you don't buy a dull book as a present7. In a good bookshop _______.A) the shop assistant greets you in a friendly wayB) you feel obliged to buy one of the booksC) your heart is contentedD) no shop assistant will approach you unless his service is called8. It is very unwise to enter a bookshop and buy ______.A) a best-selling novel on brass-rubbingB) a book on ancient coinsC) a book on the subject that vaguely interests youD) a book well illustrated and expensive9. According to the writer, the best way to escape the realities of routine life is _____.A) to have a long chat with assistant in a bookshopB) to stay in a bookshop, being absorbed in reading books of various kindsC) to buy a best-selling novel to read３D) to wander about in the streets10. The best title of this selection would be 632A) On buying booksB) Bookshops and AssistantsC) Booklovers and BookshopsD) How to Escape the Realities of Everyday Life in a BookshopPassage 3Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society, There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes readily on human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.11. According to the passage, one of the factors that tend to promote social change is _____.A) mutual interest B) different points of viewC) more worldly people D) advanced technology12. Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in manyways because______.A) people there are always satisfied with their living conditionsB) people there have identical needs that can be met without much disputesC) people there have got accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think itnecessary to changeD) people there are less emotional and easy to please13. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A) Social values play an important role in social change.B) Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspects of society.C) Social change is more likely to occur if it comes graduallyD) Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects ofsociety.14. The expression "greater tolerance" in Paragraph 1 refers to ______.A) greater willingness to accept social changeB) quicker adoption to changing circumstancesC) more respect for different beliefs and behaviorD) greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas15. The passage mainly discusses______.A) two different societiesB) the necessary of social changeC) different social changesD) certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occurPassage 4An ebook (also referred to as an electronic book, Ebook, or e-book) is a digital version (版本) of a print book that you download and read. But if you want to read an ebook, you must have an Ebook Reader, which is a kind of free software used by your computer. Make sure you have installed the appropriate Reader before you download your ebook from the Internet. The software allows you to turn the words on the screen into the size you like. It４also helps you trun pages and change your viewing options (计算机屏幕上的阅读选择). Ebook are a fun alternative to regular books. You can download them to any computers and create your own library of hundreds of titles. If you load them onto your portable computer, you can take them with you when you travel. Some ebooks are even interactive! Best of all, when you order an ebook, there is no waiting and no shipping charges. The amount of time it takes to download your ebook depends on the speed of your connection and the size of your ebook.16. Form this passage, we learn that an ebook ______.A. can be found in any library.B. can be read directly from the Internet.C. can be read by any one who has a computer.D. can be read when special software is installed.17. The Ebook Reader is used for ______.A. reading an ebook you’ve downloadedB. turning a print book into a digital version.C. downloading an ebook from the Internet.D. copying an ebook onto a portable computer.18. From this passage, we can learn that ______.A. you can read an ebook on a laptop when you travelB. you can order an ebook using the Ebook ReaderC. the ebooks ordered have to be shipped to youD. it takes a lot of trouble reading an ebook19. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. An ebook is ordered in the same way as a print book is.B. The size of the words in an ebook cannot be changed.C. The downloading time is decided by the ebook’s size.D. There is less fun reading an ebook than a print book.20. The passage is mainly about ______.A. a better way to download an EbookB. a new kind of book—the EbooksC. the new version of EbooksPart A: Put the following into Chinese1.他的错误将会导致失败。
2013年广州中医药大学研究生英语考试
1、What is a reductionist ideology?It seeks to understand a system by breaking it down into its constituent parts.2、What are the proofed benefits of Chinese“soft exercises”?Symptomatic relief and improved health and well-being3、What’s the fundamental difference between the western logic and the Chinese concept of yin-yang?The former is based on opposition of contraries while the latter represent opposite but complementary qualities.4、What does“drain and not store”mean?“Drain and not store”refers to the role of the Yang organs in the transformation and disposal of food and waste.All the Yang organs receive food or a product of food and pass it along.5、How does the concept of the organs in Chinese medicine differ from that of contemporary western medicine?The organs in Chinese medicine do not refer to the specific tissue,but rather to semi-abstract concepts which are complexes of closed interrelated functions.6、What’s the main function of blood?To nourish the whole of the body.7、What’s the transformation of fluids into sweat dependent on?The lung’s function of ensuring diffusion and depurative downbearing.8、What’s the function of protective qi?Protecting the body surface and warding off external pathogens9、When can an emotion generate illness?When an emotion is either excessive or insufficient over a long period of time,or when it arises very suddenly with great force,that it can generate imbalance and illness.10、Please list three symptoms in the case that an emotion disturbs the function of the heart.Dizziness:a feeling that you are about to fall,lack of blood in the headPalpitation:a rapid and irregular heart beatInsomnia:not being able to fall asleepFlowery vision:not being able to see clearly11、What’s the physiological characteristic of the liver in terms of the five phase theory?The liver likes orderly smoothness and governs uprising and motion and has the dredging function.12、What are the related procedures that fall into the range of acupuncture treatments?Electro-acupuncture,moxibustion,cupping and acupuncture pressure13、Please list at least three diseases that can be treated successfully by acupuncture or its related treatments.Lower backache,cervical spondylosis,condylitis,arthritic conditions,headaches or all kinds(migraine),allergic reactions,etc.14、A foreign student is learning Chinese medicine.One day,he followed Dr.Wang in the clinic and a patient came in.The patient had a horrible cough and wanted to take some herbal medicine to take care of it.Dr.Wang looked at her tongue,took her pulse and wrote out a formula for her. The thing is,he put in a whole bunch of Chai Hu that were for Liver,which cause the student to wonder:Why use Liver herbs like Chai Hu for a Lung problem?Please use the knowledge you have learned in the book to explain the problem to the foreign student.It’s actually not that unusual in Chinese medicine to see a problem manifest in one place, but think that its origin is somewhere else.In this case,the lungs were where the problem manifested,but they were really just the weak link in the chain.From what you describe,Dr. Wang obviously thought that the cough was a Liver cough.In Chinese medicine we say “Wood fire is punishing Metal”.15、Mark:“I am reading a book on Chinese medicine and am having a problem understanding how Yin-Yang works.How Yin can change into Yang and Yang can change into Yin.I mean,surely once you say a thing is Yin or Yang it must be fixed?What About the fact that men are Yang and women are Yin.Everybody says it and everybody accepts it as true.You can’t just go around changing your gender at the drop of a hat,so their Yin-Yang designations must be fixed.”Please use the knowledge you have learned from the book to answer Mark’s question.Not really.Everything is relative and whether something is considered Yin or Yang depends on the angle you are looking at it from.From the point of view of the whole human race,men are Yang and women Yin.However,within the group of men there will be some that could be categorized as Yin,while others would be more Yang.The trick with using Yin-Yang theory is to see what you are looking at as a complete whole and then divide it into Yin and Yang aspects.医学英语实用翻译教程Chapter3I.Translate the following sentences into Chinese1.Archimeds first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.译文：阿基米德最先发现固体排水的原理。
新版广东药科大学中药学考研经验考研参考书考研真题
考研真的是一件考研耐力和意志力的事情，需要你不断坚持和努力才能获得成功，所以你必须要想清楚自己为什么要考研，这一点非常重要，因为只有确认好坚定的动机，才能让你在最后冲刺阶段时能够坚持下来。
如果你只是看到自己周围的人都在考研而决定的考研，自己只是随波逐流没有坚定的信心，那么非常容易在中途就放弃掉了，而且现在考研非常火热，这就意味着竞争也会非常激烈，而且调剂的机会都会非常难得，所以备考时的压力也会比较大，所以大家一定要调整好心态，既不能压力太大，也不能懈怠。
虽关于择校问题是非常重要的，个人建议一定要趁早，因为即使同一专业，不同学校的考试科目也未必完全一致。
如果同学们一时之间不知道选择那所学校，千万不要把过度的精力浪费在这上面，因为，备考复习工作是一天都不能丢的，所以在未定学校之前千万要保持学习进度。
因为考试内容都是一样的，大家可以筛选一些目标院校，有了一个大致方向，现阶段自己的不会过于慌乱，不会整天胡思乱想。
介于考研方面有太多的问题要讲，所以这篇文章便是我的种种干货和经验的整理，篇幅会比较长，希望大家耐心看完后会有所帮助，结尾处附赠我的学习资料。
广东药科大学中药学的初试科目为:(101)思想政治理论(201)英语一(350)中药专业基础综合参考书目为：1.匡海学《中药化学》2.杨明《中药药剂学》3.谈献和《药用植物学》4.赵越《中药学》先说说真题阅读的做法…第一遍，做十年真题【剩下的近三年的卷子考试前2个月再做】，因为真题要反复做，所以前几遍都是把自己的答案写在一张A4纸上，第一遍也就是让自己熟悉下真题的感觉，虐虐自己知道英语真题的大概难度，只做阅读理解，新题型完形填空啥的也不要忙着做，做完看看答案，错了几个在草稿纸上记下来就好了，也不需要研究哪里错了为什么会错…第一遍很快吧因为不需要仔细研究，14份的试卷，一天一份的话，半个月能做完吧，偷个懒一个月肯定能做完吧【第一遍作用就是练练手找到以前做题的感觉，千万不要记答案，分析答案…】ps：用书选择：木糖英语闪电单词+木糖英语真题。
药学院研究生课程清单
Molecular Basis and Functional Regulation of Signal Transduction
选修
2
60
3
沈晓燕
硕士
博士
考查
药理学
新增
38
中药药理学
Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine
必修
1
60
3
杜军/李丁
硕士博士
考试
微生物与生化药学/可供药学各专业选修
8
分子免疫学
Molecular immunology
必修
2
40
2
杜军
硕士博士
考试
微生物与生化药学/可供药学各专业选修
9
流式细胞术基本原理与实用技术
Basic introduction and Application of Flow Cytometry
必修
1
80
4
药化所
硕士
博士
考试
药物化学/有机化学
18
高等药物化学
Advanced Medicinal Chemistry
必修
2
60
3
卜宪章
硕士
博士
考试
药物化学/有机化学
19
生物有机化学
Bioorganic Chemistry
必修
1
60
3
黄志纾
硕士
博士
考试
药物化学/有机化学
20
文献综述
Literature Review
选修
2
60
3
新版南方医科大学中药学考研经验考研参考书考研真题
回首过去一年的各种疲惫，困顿，不安，怀疑，期待等等全部都可以告一段落了，我真的是如释重负，终于可以安稳的让自己休息一段时间了。
虽然时间如此之漫长，但是回想起来还是历历在目，这可真是血与泪坚坚实实一步步走来的。
相信所有跟我一样考研的朋友大概都有如此体会。
不过，这切实的果实也是最好的回报。
在我备考之初也是看尽了网上所有相关的资料讯息，如大海捞针一般去找寻对自己有用的资料，所幸的是遇到了几个比较靠谱的战友和前辈，大家共享了资料和经验。
他们这些家底对我来讲还是非常有帮助的。
而现如今，我也终于可以以一个前人的姿态，把自己的经验下下来，供大家翻阅，内心还是比较欣喜的。
首先当你下定决心准备备考的时候，要根据自己的实际情况、知识准备、心理准备、学习习惯做好学习计划，学习计划要细致到每日、每周、每日都要规划好，这样就可以很好的掌握自己的学习进度，稳扎稳打步步为营。
另外，复试备考计划融合在初试复习中。
在进入复习之后，自己也可以根据自己学习情况灵活调整我们的计划。
总之，定好计划之后，一定要坚持下去。
由于篇幅较长，还望各位同学能够耐心看完，在结尾处附上我的学习资料供大家下载。
南方医科大学中药学的初试科目为:(101)思想政治理论(201)英语一(350)中药专业基础综合参考书目为：1.《中药化学》（新世纪第三版），匡海学主编，中国中医药出版社。
2.《中药药剂学》（第二版），李范珠李永吉主编，人民卫生出版社。
3.《中药鉴定学》（新世纪第四版），康廷国主编，中国中医药出版社。
4.《中药学》（新世纪第二版），高学敏主编，中国中医药出版社。
首先简单介绍一下我的英语复习经验。
⑴单词：英语的单词基础一定要打好，如果单词过不了关，那你其他可以看懂吗？？单词可以用木糖英语单词闪电版就够了。
也可以用app软件。
但是这样就会导致玩手机（如果你自制力超强），单词的话到考前也不能停止的。
我的单词并没有背好，导致英语后来只有60+，很难过…⑵阅读：阅读分数很高，所以一定要注重，可以听木糖英语的名师讲解，或者木糖英语的课程，阅读最重要的是自己有了自己的方法，有一个属于自己的做题方法可以节省很多时间，如果初次做题还没有什么思路，那就可以多看看真题里面的答案解析考研英语很难，和四六级是完全不同的！大家肯定都听说过，所以阅读暑假就可以开始做了，真题反复摸索，自己安排好时间。
2013年考研英语(一)大纲
2013年考研英语(一)大纲英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2013年版)I. 考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II. 考试形式和试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和答题卡。
答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。
考生应将1~45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将46~52题的答案写在答题卡2上。
(二)试卷结构试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。
第一部分英语知识运用该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力等。
共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
第二部分阅读理解该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。
A节(20小题)：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。
要求考生根据所提供的4篇(总长度约为1 600词)文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
B节(5小题)：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。
本部分有3种备选题型。
每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
备选题型有：1)本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。
广东外语外贸大学硕士研究生入学考试英语水平考试样题
广东外语外贸大学硕士研究生入学考试初试笔试样题科目代码:601科目名称:英语专业水平考试英语专业水平考试试题I.Cloze (30 points, 1 point for each)Read the following passage and choose a proper word from the Word List to fill in each of the blanks in the passage. Each word can be used only once. Write the words you choose for each blank on YOUR ANSWER SHEET in the following way:ExampleI. Cloze1. paper2. continuously3. …Now, do the Cloze.WORD LISTstay form fictional there Begun classicsnovel whose published of One relatedaway In After When with mostdisliked until hide aboard destroying againstBut then finished who Rebellion onMost of Mark Twain’s books bubbled out 1 him like water out of a fountain. 2 of his gifts was the capacity to take a scene and fill it 3 every sparkling detail of nature and of human action, to put in every spoken word and accompanying gesture, and to slowly exaggerate the successive moments 4 the whole episode reached a climax of joyous, sidesplitting laughter. 5 he had trouble weaving his incidents into meaningful plot patterns. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain’s masterpiece, came into __6 slowly. 7 in 1876, immediately after he had dashed off The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, he wrote 400 manuscript pages quickly and 8 stalled; in disgust he meditated 9 the work. __10 the winter of 1879-1880 he penned further sections; again the spark of enthusiasm died. __11 taking a journey down the Mississippi River in April, 1882, he quickly completed Lift on the Mississippi(1883) and with unabated zest 12 the novel. The trip had reawakened his boyhood memories and suggested new episodes; the two books became 13 , the weaker travel account serving as scaffolding for the great edifice.__14 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was 15 in 1884, it met a mixed reception. A Brooklyn lady protested 16 its presence in the children’s room of the public library; the librarian reshelved the volumein the adult area to 17 Huck’s and Tom’s “mischievous and deceitful practices which made them poor example s for youth.” Today the novel is among the world’s 18 and vies with Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter(1850) for the position of American’s _19 artistic work of fiction.The reader is reminded at the outset that in 1850 Huck Finn had beena playmate of Tom Sawyer in St. Petersburg, Missouri, the 20 nameof Mark Twain’s native village of Hannibal. For three months Huck had lived with the lady 21 life he had saved, the Widow Douglas, “fair, smart, and forty”; her hill mansion was “the only palace in the town, and the most hospitable and much the most lavish in the matter of festivities” that the town could boast. The lad 22 had run away from elegance was againa candidate for the major role in a rags-to-riches tale. Huck wanted it otherwise. Like Tom, whose name turns up throughout the __23 . Huck wanted adventure. For six months Huck endured starched clothes and virtual imprisonment within the mansion. When Pap returned on April 1 and took Huck 24 from the Widow, Huck came to prefer his slovenly island home.25 against Pap’s cruelty led Huck to plan his own “murder” andto decamp about two months later. He discovered Jim 26 June 4 andstarted the rafting trip down the river on June 22. On July 7 he reached the Grangerfords and stayed __27 about a month. On August 10 the Duke and Dauphin came 28 the raft; their shenanigans ended at Pikeville onSeptember 18. The 29 at Aunt Sally’s lasted twen ty-six days,until October 15. Then Huck decided to light out for Indian Territoryand forever depart from a “civilization” that he 30 .II. Proofreading and Error Correction (30 points, 2 points for each) The following passage contains fifteen errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. Correct the errors and write the answers on YOUR ANSWER SHEET in the following way:For a wrong word, write the correct one on Your Answer Sheet.For a missing word, write the missing word with a “∧” signbeforeit on Your Answer Sheet.For an unnecessary word, write the unnecessary word with a deletingline on it on Your Answer Sheet.ExampleWhen ∧art museum wants a new exhibit, it 31. _____never buys things in finished form and hangs 32. _____them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. 33. _____Write on your Answer Sheet:II. Proofreading and Error Correction31. ∧an 32. never 33. exhibitNow, do the Proofreading and Error Correction.Scientists claim that air pollution causes a decline in theworld average air temperature. In order to prove that theory, [31] ___ecologists have turned to historical datum in relation to [32] ___especially huge volcanic eruptions. They suspect that volcanoesaffect weather changes that are similar to air pollution. [33]___ One source of informations is the effect of the eruption [34]__ of Tambora, a volcano in Sumbawa, the Dutch East Indies, inApril 1815. The largest recorded volcano eruption, Tambora [35]___ threw 150 million tons of fine ash into the stratosphere. Theash from a volcano spreads around worldwide in a few days [36] ___or remains in the air for years. Its effect is to turn incoming[37] ___solar radiation into the space and thus cool the earth. For [38]___example, records of weather in England shows that between [39] ___April and November 1815, the average temperature had fallen4.5 F. During the next twenty-four months, England sufferedone of the coldest periods of their history. Farmers’ records [40]___ from April 1815 to December 1818 indicate frost throughoutthe spring and summer and sharp decreases at crop and [41]___livestock markets. Since there was a time lag of several yearsbetween cause and effect, by the time the world agriculturalcommodity community had deteriorated, no one realizes the [42]___ cause.Ecologists today warn that we face a twofold menace. Theever-present possibility of volcanic eruptions, such as those [43]___of Mt. St. Helens in Washington, added man’s pollution of [44]___the atmosphere with oil, gas, coal, and other pollutingsubstances, may bring us increasingly colder weather. [45]___III. Gap-filling (30points, 2 points for each)Fill in the following banks with the correct words and the correct forms of the words given according the meanings of the sentences. Write the answers on YOUR ANSWER SHEET in the following way:Example46. prolong, refuse, delay, postpone, lengthenI hope the __________ of the appointment will not cause you much inconvenience.Write on your Answer Sheet:III. Gap-filling46. postponement 47. … 48. …Now, do the Gap-filling.46. affect, influence, effect, impactWe have tried our best to ________ a reconciliation between the two parties.47. attain, acquire, obtain, gain, secure, procureChrysler, including sales of newly ________ American Motors,delivered 1.01 million cars, down 17.7 percent and amounting to 9.6 percent of the market.48. ensure, assure, guaranteeThe Labor Department issued guidelines to_________ equal jobopportunities for women on work paid for by federal funds.49. ability, capability, competence, capacity, aptitudeResearchers using the new measuring technique found the skull to havea ________ of only about 515 cubic centimeters (about 31 cubic inches).50. take part in, attend, participate in, enter for, joinTo the amazement of the organizing committee, so many professional singers ________ the singing competition to be held next month.51. insist on, persist in, stick/adhere to, persevere inDue to the bankruptcy of the company, they failed to ________ the original agreement.52. stable, secure, steady, firm, durablePolitical ________ and wars in many sub-Saharan countries have also contributed to poverty. As a result of such factors, the number of people living in extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa grew from 217 million in 1987 to more than 300 million in 1998.53. manager, director, headmaster, proprietor, governorAs one of the four ________ of the company, he often had to attend Board meetings.54. permit, allow, approve, accept, consent, endorseEligible paper, as defined in 1951, is a negotiable note, draft, or bill bearing the ________ of the member bank, the proceeds of which have been or are to be used in producing, purchasing, carrying, or marketing goods in one or more steps of the process of production, manufacture, or distribution55. income, wages, dividend, salary, earnings, pensionNow that he has retired, he lived partly on his ________ and partly on the interest on his post office savings account.56. complain, grieve, reclaim, grumbleThe peasants’ many ________ resulting from ill-treatment by their landlords led finally to rebellion.57. renew, renovate, refresh, recreateHe had been completely exhausted but felt considerably ________ aftera meal and a good rest.58. view, scene, scenery, sight, natureSwitzerland is well-known for its impressive mountainous ________.59. nevertheless, accordingly, however, yet, eventuallyHe has impressed his employer considerably and ________ he is soon to be promoted.60. gap, pause, space, interruption, intervalDuring the ________, the audience strolled and chatted in the foyer.IV. Reading Comprehension (60 points, 2 points for each)In this section, there are six reading passages followed by a totalof thirty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully andthen write your answers on YOUR ANSWER SHEET.ExampleWrite on your Answer Sheet:IV. Reading Comprehension61. A 62. B 63. …Now, do the Reading Comprehension.Text ATommy Albelin, a Devils defenseman, was the team’s most effective performer the night the Stanley Cup champions played their best game of the young season. Playing left wing instead of defense against theDetroit Red Wings last Thursday night, Albelin scored the second goal of the game and made the pass that set up the fourth one.Albelin played so well in the 4-2 victory that Coach JacquesLemaire said, “Tommy, you lost your job.”“I was kind of surprised,” Albelin said today. “When he saw the look on my face, he said very quickly ‘as a defenseman’ and I knew then he was joking.”Lemaire had Albelin right back on defense in the next game, last Saturday’s 4-1 triumph over the Ottawa Senators. Albelin responded just as well, making the pass for the winning goal.With Brian Rolston leaving today’s practice because of a foot problem and ready to join Bobby Holik and Bob Carpenter as injured Devils, look for Albelin to return to left wing when New Jersey plays the Vancouver Canucks Wednesday night at the Meadowlands.This season, the 31-year-old Albelin has played left wing three times and defenseman four. In addition, because Albelin is so adept at skating and puck-handling, Lemaire has been using him for penaltykilling and the power play.“It’s a big advantage to have a player like him,” Lemaire said after today’s practice. “When you don’t have the necessary play er to play against a player, you can use Abbey because he adjusts very well. He listens to all the things I tell the defensemen and all the things I tell the forwards. “Lemaire’s decision to shuttle Albelin is not prompted by a desire to find the best pos ition for him. Rather, it is testimony toAlbelin’s ve rsatility.Albelin was used as a left wing for the first time by Herb Brooks, the man whom Lemaire replaced after Brooks resigned three summers ago, but he played only a handful of games in that position.The Devils changed coaches frequently in Albeli n’s early years with the team. As a result, Albelin contemplated returning home to Sweden several times. But he said today he was glad he never did.Albelin came to the Devils from Quebec in 1988 and has been a solid player. Year after year, despite coaching changes, injuries and the presence of marquee names like Scott Stevens, Slava Fetisov, Stephane Richer and Claude Lemeiux, Albelin’s dedication and consummate professionalism have made him an integral part of the team.“My philosophy has always been to play where the team needs me,” Albelin said. “I don’t question the decisions by the coaches. As long as I’m out there on the ice, I don’t care what position I play.”Albelin has performed effectively at wing and on defense despite the different responsibilities. Judging by the way Albelin described them, it is clear he prefers to play defense.“There are a lot of adjustments you have to make as a forward,” Albelin said, “You have to be a little more creative, do more things with the puck. Improvise somewhat, but to a point. As a defenseman, you can get by most of the time by giving the puck to your forwards and support the play.”Albelin said today that the uncertainty over whether he will play defense or offense on any given night was not much of a concern in terms of preparing himself.“I don’t mind as long as I know before the warm-ups,” he said.61. Tommy Albelin is _______ defenseman.A. Red WingsB. CanucksC. DevilsD. Brooks62. Albelin has played defenseman _______ this season.A. three timesB. four timesC. two timesD. five times63. Coach Lemaire shuttles Albelin because he _______.A. is versatileB. is a solid playerC. is very dedicatedD. is docile64. The Devils changed coaches frequently ________.A. in the late 1980sB. in Albelin’s years with the teamC. as many of them resignedD. during Albelin’s stay in the team65. Albelin prefers to play _________.A. forwardB. left wingC. defenseD. offense66. Among the following titles, ________ is suitable for the article.A. The Defenseman Albelin in Red WingsB. The Best Player in DevilsC. The Versatile Albelin in CanucksD. Versatile Albelin Brings Devil VictoriesText BThe effect of any writing on the public mind is mathematically measurable by its depth of thought. How much water does it draw? If it awaken you to think, if it lift you from your feet with the great voice of eloquence, then the effect is to be wide, slow, permanent, over the minds of men; if the pages instruct you not, they will die like flies in the hour. The way to speak and write what shall not go out of fashion is, to speak and write sincerely. The argument which has not power to reach my own practice, I may well doubt, will fail to reach yours. But take Sidney’s maxim: —“Look in thy heart, and write.” He that writes to himself writes to an eternal public. That statement only is fit to be made public, which you have come at in attempting to satisfy your own curiosity. The writer who takes his subject from his ear, and not from his heart, should know that he has lost as much as he seems to have gained, and when the empty book has gathered all its praise, and halfthe people say, “What poetry! What genius!” it still needs fuel to make fire. That only profits which is profitable. Life alone can impart life; and though we should burst, we can only be valued as we make ourselves valuable. There is no luck in literary reputation. They who make up the final verdict upon every book are not the partial and noisy readers of the hour when it appears; but a court as of angels, a public not to be bribed, not to be entreated, and not to be overawed, decides upon every man’s title to fame. Only those books come down which deserve to last. Gilt edges, vellum, and morocco, and presentation-copies to all the libraries, will not preserve a book in circulation beyond its intrinsic date. It must go with all Walpole’s Noble andRoyal Authors to its fate. Blackmore, Kotzebue, or Pollok may endure for a night, but Moses and Homer stand forever. There are not in the worldat any one time more than a dozen persons who read and understandPlato: — never enough to pay for an edition of his works; yet to every generation these come duly down, for the sake of those few persons, asif God brought them in his hand. “No book,” said Bentley, “was ever written down by any but itself.” The permanence of all books is fixedby no effort friendly or hostile, but by their own specific gravity, orthe intrinsic importance of their contents to the constant mind of man. “Do not trouble yourself too much about the light on your statue,” said Michelangelo to the young sculptor; “the light of the public square will test its value.”In like manner the effect of every action is measured by the depthof the sentiment from which it proceeds. The great man knew not that he was great. It took a century or two for that fact to appear. What he did, he did because he must; it was the most natural thing in the world, and grew out of the circumstances of the moment. But now, every thing he did, even to the lifting of his finger or the eating of bread, looks large,all-related, and is called an institution.67. The following statements are wrong EXCEPT _________.A. Only the thing that is profitable profits.B. If the pages do not instruct you, they will not die like fliesinthe hour.C. Only the statement, which you have come at in attempting to satisfyyour reader’s curiosity, is fit to be made public.D. He that writes by himself writes to an eternal public.68. “How much water does it draw?” means__________.A. How much content does it have?B. How much influence does it exert?C. How much value does it have?D. How important is it?69. A writer’s fame is decided upon by __________.A. partial and noisy readersB. a court of angelsC. an angel-like public not to be bribedD. a public to be bribed70. At any time in the world Plato’s work are read and understood by__________.A. less than a dozen personsB. more than a dozen personsC. many peopleD. no one71. The permanence of all books is fixed by__________.A. no effortB. friendly effortC. hostile effortD. their own specific gravityText CPsychologists study memory and learning with both animal and human subjects. The two experiments reviewed here show how short-term memory has been studied.Hunter studied short-term memory in rats. He used a special apparatus which had a cage for the rat and three doors. There was alight in each door. First the rat was placed in the closed cage. Next one of the lights was turned on and then off. There was food for the rat only at this door. After the light was turned off, the rat had to wait a short time before it was released from its cage. Then, if it went to the correct door, it was rewarded with the food that was there. Hunters did this experiment many times. He always turned on the lights in a random order. The rat had to wait different intervals before it was releasedfrom the cage. Hunter found that if the rat had to wait more than ten seconds, it could not remember the correct door. Hunter’s results show that rats have a short-term memory of about ten seconds.Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 students at the University of California in Los Angeles. They represented all levels of ability in English: beginning, intermediate, advanced, and native-speaking students.To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording. Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Some of them had four unrelated choices. For instance, weather, method, love, result could be used as four unrelated words. Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test.Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning’s results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, and advanced students hold the meaning of words in their shot-term memory.72. In hunter’s experiment, the rat had to remember_________.A. where the food wasB. how to leave the cageC. how big the cage wasD. which light was turned on73. Hunter found that rats_________.A. can remember only where their food isB. cannot learn to go to the correct doorC. have no short-term memoryD. have a short-term memory of one-sixth a minute74. Henning tested the students’ m emory of _________.A. words copied several timesB. words explainedC. words heardD. words seen75. Henning concluded that beginning and advanced students________.A. have no difficulty holding words in their short-term memoryB. differ in the way they retain wordsC. have much difficulty holding words in their short-term memoryD. hold words in their short-term memory in the same way76. The following statements are wrong EXCEPT_________.A. The rat could find the correct door when the light of the next doorwas turned offB. The rat could find the correct door to get the food whenever it wasreleased from its cageC. Each of the three doors had a light that was turned onD. The rat could remember where to find the food if it waited for lessthan ten secondsText DA Frenchman, the psychologist Alfred Binet, published the first standardized test of human intelligence in 1905. But it was an American, Lewis Terman, a psychology professor at Stanford, who thought to divide a test taker’s “mental age”, as revealed by that score, by his or her chro nological age to derive a number that he called the “intelligence quotient”, or IQ. It would be hard to think of a pop-scientific coinagethat has had a greater impact on the way people think about themselves and others.No country embraced the IQ – and the application of IQ testing to restructure society –more thoroughly than the U.S. Every year millions of Americans have their IQ measured, many with a direct descendant of Bin et’s original test, the Standford-Binet, although not necessarily for the purpose Binet intended. He developed his test as a way of identifying public school students who needed extra help in learning, and that is still one of its leading uses.But the broader and more controversial use of IQ testing has its roots in a theory of intelligence – part science, part sociology –that developed in the late 19th century, before Binet’s work and entirely separate from it. Championed first by Charles Darwin’s cous in Francis Galton, it held that intelligence was the most valuable human attribute, and that if people who had a lot of it could be identified and put in leadership positions, all of society would benefit.Terman believed IQ tests should be used to conduct a great sorting out of the population, so that young people would be assigned on the basis of their scores to particular levels in the school system, which would lead to corresponding socioeconomic destinations in adult life. The beginning of the IQ-testing movement overlapped with the eugenics movement –hugely popular in America a nd Europe among the “better sort” before Hitler gave it a bad name –which held that intelligence was mostly inherited and that people-deficient in it should be discouraged from reproducing. The state sterilization that JusticeOliver Wendell Holmes notoriously endorsed in a 1927 Supreme Court decision was done with an IQ score as justification.The American IQ promoters scored a great coup during World War I when they persuaded the Army to give IQ tests to 1.7 million inductees.It was the world’s first m ass administration of an intelligence test, and many of the standardized tests in use today can be traced back to it: the now ubiquitous and obsessed-over SAT (Study Ability Test); the Wechler, taken by several million people a year, according to its publisher; and Terman’s own National Intelligence Test, originally used in tracking elementary school children. All these tests took from the Army the basic technique of measuring intelligence mainly by asking vocabulary questions (synonyms, antonyms, analogies, reading comprehension).77. According to Terman’s theory, a twelve-year-old boy’s mental ageis 10, then his IQ number is about __________.A. 0.8B. 0.9C. 1.0D. 1.278. IQ test is originally used to ___________.A. find out the students who need extra help in learningB. assign young people to different majorsC. select the acceptable recruits for armyD. select the leaders for society79. The viewpoint that intelligence was mostly inherited and peopledeficient in intelligence should be discouraged from reproducing was held by ___________.A.IQ-testing movementB. Eugenic movementC.HitlerD.both IQ-testing and Eugenic movements80. Wha t does the author probably mean by “scored a great coup” (seePara. 5)?A. FailedB. SucceededC. CriticizedD. AdvocatedText EHistorical developments of the past half century and the invention of modern telecommunication and transportation technologies have created a world economy. Effectively the American economy has died and been replaced by a world economy.In the future, there is no such thing as being an American manager. Even someone who spends an entire management career in Kansas City is in international management. He or she will compete with foreign firms, buy from foreign firms, sell to foreign films, or acquire financing from foreign banks.The globalization of the world’s capital markets that has occurred in the past 10 years will be replicated right across the economy in the next decade. An international perspective has become central to management. Without it managers are operating in ignorance and cannot understand what is happening to them and their firms.Partly because of globalization and partly because of demography, the work forces of the next century are going to be very different from those of the last century. Most firms will be employing more foreign nationals. More likely than not, you and your boss will not be of the same nationality. Demography and changing social mores mean that white males will become a small fraction of the work force as women and minorities grow in importance. All of these factors will require changes in the traditional methods of managing the work force.In addition, the need to produce goods and services at quality levels previously thought impossible to obtain in mass production andthe spreading use of participatory management techniques will require a work force with much higher levels of education and skills. Production workers must be able to do statistical quality control; production workers must be able to do just in-time inventories. Managers are increasingly shifting from a “don’t think, do what you are told” to a “think, I am not going to tell you what to do” style of management.Th is shift is occurring not because today’s managers are more enlightened than yesterday’s managers but because the evidence is rapidly mounting that the second style of management is more productive than the first style of management. But this means that problems of training and motivating the work force both become more central and require different modes of behaviour.In the word of tomorrow managers cannot be technologicallyilliterate regardless of their functional tasks within the firm. They don’t have to be scientists or engineers inventing new technologies, but they have to be managers who understand when to bet and when not to bet on new technologies. If they don’t understand what is going o n and technology effectively becomes a black box, they will fail to make the changes that those who do understand what is going on inside the black box make. They will be losers, not winners.Today’s CEOs are those who solved the central problems facingtheir companies 20 years ago. Tomorrow’s CEOs will be those w ho solve central problems facing their companies today. Sloan hopes to produce a generation of managers who will be solving today’s and tomorrow’s problems and because they are successful in doing so they will become tomorrow’s captains of business.。
2018年考研英语一大纲(精品文档).doc
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）考试大纲（非英语专业）（2018年版）I.考试性质英语（一）考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：（一）语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。
本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
2.词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容（详见附录1、2）。
除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。
英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。
这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。
此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。
考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。
（二）语言技能①1.阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。
对所选材料，考生应能：1）理解主旨要义；2）理解文中的具体信息；3）理解文中的概念性含义；4）进行有关的判断、推理和引申；5）根据上下文推测生词的词义；6）理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系；7）理解作者的意图、观点或态度；8）区分论点和依据。
《医药类一级大纲》word版参考模板
（2012试用版）医护英语水平考试(医药类)第一级考试大纲Medical English Test System (METS) For Medical Professionals—Level 1医护英语水平考试办公室目录一、METS（医药类）简介1.METS（医药类）考试体系的背景2.METS（医药类）考试的目标与宗旨3.METS（医药类）考试的设计原则4.METS（医药类）考试成绩的使用及适用范围5.METS（医药类）考试的组织实施二、METS（医药类）第一级考试级别与内容概述1.METS（医药类）第一级考试的语言能力描述2.METS（医药类）第一级考试的话题范围及交际任务描述三、METS（医药类）第一级考试结构与样卷1.METS（医药类）第一级考试结构2.METS（医药类）第一级考试样卷3.METS（医药类）第一级考试答题卡4.METS（医药类）第一级考试样卷听力录音文本5.METS（医药类）第一级考试样卷参考答案附录METS（医药类）第一级考试词汇表一、METS（医药类）考试简介1．METS（医药类）考试体系的背景为适应经济全球化、教育国际化、医药卫生人才专业化的发展，满足国内外人才资源合理配置的需要，促进医药卫生类专业人才英语水平的提高，同时为进一步贯彻落实《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010年-2020年）》和《医药卫生中长期人才发展规划（2011-2020年）》的文件精神，健全符合医药卫生人才特点的科学化、社会化评价机制，“以用为本”，促进医药院校的行业英语教育教学改革，为医疗机构选拔人才提供评价服务，根据医护英语水平考试主办机构的统一规划，医护英语水平考试办公室（简称METS办公室）总结了METS（护理类）考试的成功经验，力图在卫生行业除护理类以外，继续提供其他专业的医护英语考试评价标准。
经过几年的积累，METS考试办公室通过组织从事临床和科研工作的专家、语言测试专家和英语教学专家，根据医疗机构岗位的实际需求，开发设计了医护英语水平考试（医药类）考试大纲（试用版），其中涉及临床医学、预防医学、口腔医学、中医、药学、助产、检验、康复等不同的专业类别，以下简称METS （医药类）。
《药学专业英语》课程教学大纲
药学专业（专科）《药学英语》课程教学大纲一、教学对象药学英语课程为广播电视大学“开放教育试点”药学专业（专科）第三学期开设的公共必修课。
二、教学目的和要求本课程的教学目的是通过语音、语法、词汇、结构等知识的学习和读、写基本技能训练，培养学生运用英语的能力，侧重培养学生的阅读医学专业文章的能力，为学生进一步学习和运用英语打好基础。
本课程教学为一个学期，每周4学时，共72学时，4个学分。
通过一学期的学习，学生应在原有1500词汇的基础上，掌握的1-20课的所有词汇、结构、语法，能阅读并理解每课的课文内容，阅读每课后的补充材料，完成汉译英练习。
21—30课为补充阅读材料。
希望学生在课后阅读。
三、教材本课程选用的文字教材为人民卫生出版社，邵循道、周璐玲主编的《英语》第一册。
四、教学内容（详见教材）本学期完成教材第一册的前20课的内容。
本教材共有3个单元，30课。
每单元有10课。
第一单元：1-10课的重点主要是理解课文的内容，并能熟读。
掌握课文中的句子结构。
复习课后的语音和语言结构（已经学过）。
完成课后的练习。
每课后的汉翻英必做。
补充阅读材料也必须要读懂。
Lesson OneTEXT: A medical University---- A Manifold CenterLANGUAGE STRUCTURE PRACTICE: Sentence Pattern I: S + be + predicative SUPPLENTARY READING: Study Hard To Be DoctorsLesson TwoTEXT: A Hospital and Its DepartmentsLANGUAGE STRUCTURE PRACTICE: Sentence Pattern II: There + is (are) + S + modifier SUPPLENTARY READING: A Modern HospitalLesson ThreeTEXT: How Do We Know When Something Is Alive?LANGUAGE STRUCTURE PRACTICE: The Simple Tense: 1) Verb ‘to be’2) Notional VerbsSentence Pattern III: S + V + ____ (or modifier)Sentence Pattern IV: S + V + O (object)SUPPLENTARY READING: CellsLesson FourTEXT: The MicroscopeLANGUAGE STRUCTURE PRACTICE: The Simple Past Tense: 1) Verb ‘to be’: was, were2) Notional Verbs: SUPPLENTARY READING: The Light Microscope and the Electron MicroscopeLesson FiveTEXT: Use The Library OftenLANGUAGE STRUCTURE PRACTICE: The Simple Future Tense: 1) shall, will + V2) be going to + V SUPPLENTARY READING: Let’s Go To A LibraryLesson SIXTEXT: The word ‘Medicine’LANGUAGE STRUCTURE PRACTICE: The Present Continuous Tense: am, is are + V-ing Sentence Pattern III: S + V + ____ (or modifier)Sentence Pattern IV: S + V + OSUPPLENTARY READING: The Medical StaffLesson SevenTEXT: Health Informatics—New Solutions To Old ChallengesLANGUAGE STRUCTURE PRACTICE: The Passive Voice: be + P.P. (past participle) + (by-phrase)SUPPLENTARY READING: A Key ToolLesson EightTEXT: More Than Ever, We Need NursesLANGUAGE STRUCTURE PRACTICE: Sentence Pattern IV: S + V + I.O. + D.O.S + V + D.O. + to (for)-phraseKinds and Uses Of PrepositionsSUPPLENTARY READING: On The TelephoneLesson NineTEXT: An Ounce Of Prevention Better Than A Proud Of CureLANGUAGE STRUCTURE PRACTICE: The Present Perfect Tense: have (has) + P.P. Sentence Pattern III or IV: S + have (has) + P.P. +___ OSUPPLENTARY READING: A Heroic DoctorLESSON TENTEXT: How The Human Body Is BuiltLANGUAGE STRUCTURE PRACTICE: The Comparative & Superlative Forms of Adjective & Adverbs1) adj. + -er, the adj. + -est2) more + adj., the most + adj.3) irregular formsSUPPLENTARY READING: The Wonderful Human Body第二单元：11—20课的重点一是理解课文的内容，并能熟读是课文。
广中医研究生英语考试
一、中医翻译20分a. 英译汉（绿本，7unit，PPT、注释、练习、长难句）Uint1PPT:Pa1:原句：It’s based on the holistic concept of the universe outlined in the spiritual insights of Daoism.It’s based on the holistic concept of the universe.它建立在宇宙整体观的基础上。
This holistic concept is outlined in the spiritual insights of Daoism.该整体观在道家精神内涵里有描述道家精神内涵对此整体观作了描述/解释这种理解建立在道家精神内涵里面描述的宇宙整体观基础上。
It’s based on the holistic concept of the universe outlined in the spiritual insights of Daoism, and it has produced a highly sophisticated set of practices designed to cure illness and to maintain health and well-being.译文：它基于到家精神内涵解释宇宙的整体观念，并且衍生出一套高度成熟的治疗疾病及保健的方法。
Pa2:原句：Although they appear very different in approach, They all share the same underlying sets of assumptions about the nature of the human body and its place in the universe.Although they appear very different in approach尽管方法看似各不相同They all share the same underlying sets of assumptions他们有相同的基本认识Assumptions about...对……的认识他们对……的基本认识是相同的。
2013英一(完整版)
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
[C] transmits [C] crucial [C] picture [C] In principle [C] capable [C] to [C] though [C] share [C] status [C] found [C] replaceable [C] conducted [C] matched [C] gave [C] ever [C] marked [C] above [C] drop [C] maintain [C] necessary
The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须 书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在 草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
南方医药学考研初试准备心得
南方医科大学考研初试备考心得Schedule英语和药综从7月开始复习，政治从8月下旬开始复习（今年特daily：7： 00 起床7:10〜7：30边吃早餐边背单词7:30点〜8： 30回顾前一天的专业课知识点及背诵8:30点〜11:30看专业课的书+PPT （或政治）11:30~12:00午休（说明一下：我是在宿舍复习的）12： 00~12:40吃午饭+走动一下（去吃饭的路上背单词）12:40-1:55专业课（随后休息五分钟，准备复习英语）2： 00~5： 30复习英语5:30-6:00跑步（每隔四天或六天）（夏天可晚点去跑，11/126:00^7:00洗澡+吃晚饭7:00-9:30：专业课或政治（与早上相反）9:30〜睡前：总结回顾一天所学每个星期最后一天回顾一星期所学（很重要）专业课复习顺序：先复习药理药化，这两本书结合复习，然后复习药剂药分专业课复习进展：7月一9月中旬第一轮课本+PPT+整理笔记+白皮书9月中旬一11月中旬第二轮课本+真题+笔记+开始部分背诵11月中旬一一考前第三轮真题+笔记+背诵（形成完整框架）专业课题型：名词解释3题（4选3,中英随机）简答题3题（有时4选3）论述题2题（有时3选2）（考前可以随便拿一两套真题按考试时间闭卷练做题速度，我之前没练，考试很赶，到后面的题都是简略写的，考完手要废了/哭）英语复习心得：复习资料：文都：何凯文的阅读+单词+长难句；新东方：易熙人的完形，刘琦的新题型，唐静的翻译，王江涛的作文；书都可以在淘宝买（我英语考得不好,可以问问别人的心得，我这里也不多说了）1.每日坚持两篇阅读或一篇完型+一篇阅读或一篇匹配+一篇阅读或翻译+小作文2.第一遍刷真题（政治也是），要！用！铅！笔！，轻轻写，方便二刷。
考前用真题找两个下午2点开始模拟考，找手感。
3.遇到生词收录到默默背单词APP并背诵，单词很重要4.每当想玩手机，点开APP生词本，点开微博看看何凯文的每日5词5.阅读理解解题习惯：每道题目的答案都在文章中有对应的内容分布，看一道题目，读一段文章；圈写关键词；学会用排除法（KK三步法）6.翻译按得分点进行翻译（唐静翻译）7.新题型最重要的是找出关键词，时间线，逻辑线8.大作文不着急，可以在考前两个月开始背黄皮书范文或王江涛的范文。
南方医科大学考研英语-翻译专项试题
南方医科大学考研英语-翻译专项试题一、考研英语翻译英译汉1． As you have done the market survey, I would like to discuss with you the possibility of selling our products in the US.A) 因为美国产品有市场，所以我们要研究开发我们产品的可能性。
B) 因为你有市场资料，所以我希望与你讨论美国产品的销售情况。
C) 你已经作了市场调查，所以我想和你讨论在美国销售我们产品的可能性。
D) 你已了解了市场，因此我希望能与你商讨在美国开发我们产品的可能性。
【答案】C2． The study shows that our computers are superior to those of our competitors in terms of functions and speed.A) 研究表明，我们的计算机在功能和速度两方面都优于我们的竞争对手。
B) 研究表明，我们的计算机与我们竞争者的产品在功能和速度方面有差异。
C) 研究表明，我们的计算机在效率和速度方面都与其它厂商不同。
D) 研究表明，我们的计算机正面临着高速发展的其它厂商的竞争。
【答案】A3． If you require , your application should be in the Student Financial Aid Services at least three weeks before your registration date.A) 如果你需要资助学费，应向助学办公室提出申请，。
B) 如果你需要申请贷款交纳学费，你应该至少在三周内到助学办公室登记注册。
C) 如果你需要减免学费，应到助学办公室提出申请，手续。
D) 如果你需要学费资助，最迟应该在注册日期三周前将你的申请交到助学办公室。
【答案】D4． Women would double their risk of suffering from lung cancer if they were exposed to 40 or more years of household tobacco smoke.A) 妇女在家里吸烟长达410年或更长时间，她们患肺癌的痛苦就会加倍。