2021届新高考英语二轮专题：阅读理解技能保分练(十一) 主旨大意题——文章大意类
2021年高考英语二轮复习讲练测阅读理解I 主旨大意题 考点2 概括文章大意讲案(教师版)
2022年高三二轮复习英语精品资料【讲】专题03 阅读理解I主旨大意考点2概括文章大意主旨大意题考点1精确归纳标题考点2概括文章大意考点3总结段落大意【考纲解读】考试大纲要求考纲解读要求考生阅读4篇短文，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。
题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。
体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。
考查主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、篇章结构等题型。
主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。
【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向考点2概括文章大意2022年命题解读和近年考点再现1.C【2021天津第一次高考卷】A trial project by the Montreal Children's Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis(催眠)can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging imaging(医学影像) procedures.“During the examination children don't move. It works perfectly. It's amazing,“ said Johanne L'Ecuyer, a medical-imaging technologist at the hospital.The project was inspired by a French team from Rouen University Hospital Centre where examinations are done under hypnosis instead of general anesthesia(麻醉）.A French medical-imaging technologist-also a hypnotist — was invited to train a few members in the medical-imaging department of the children's hospital. In all, 80 examinations were conducted for the project between January and September, 2019, focusing on the imaging procedures that would cause anxiety.Hypnosis is not a state of sleep: It is rather a modified(改变的)state of consciousness. The technologist will guide the patient to this modified state—an imaginary world that will disassociate itself more and more from theprocedure that follows.“The technologist must build up a story with the patient," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "The patient is left with the power to choose what he wants to talk about. Do you play sports? Do you like going to the beach? We establish a subject that we will discuss throughout the procedure."Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related to this story — an injection （注射）becomes the bite of an insect; the heat on the skin becomes the sensation of the sun and a machine that rings becomes a police car passing nearby.“The important thing is that the technologist associates what is happening outside the patient's body with what the patient sees in his head," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "It requires creativity on the part of the technologist, imagination, a lot of patience and kindness."The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January. It spread like wildfire that someone from France was here to train the technologists," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. She added that she had a line of staff at her door wanting to take the training.50．What is the passage mainly about?A．An easy way to communicate with patients.B．The standard method of conducting hypnosis.C．An introduction of medical-imaging technology.D．The use of hypnosis in medical-imaging procedures.【答案】50．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。
2021年高考英语二轮复习讲练测阅读理解I 主旨大意题 考点2 概括文章大意测案(学生版)
专题03阅读理解I 主旨大意题考点2概括文章大意--讲•练•测---测案时间：45分钟满分：50I.阅读理解（概括文章大意）A【江苏省苏北六市（南通、徐州、淮安、宿迁、泰州、扬州）2021-2022学年高三第一次调研】Christmas wouldn’t be Christmas without mountains of wrapping paper covering the floor on 25 December. Or would it?A rise in interest in crafting(手工艺)，coupled with a greater awareness of the environment under lockdown, has led to an increase in interest in furoshiki-the Japanese art of fabric wrapping this year.Furoshiki are traditional Japanese cloths used to transport food, clothes or gifts. They are increasingly being accepted by shoppers as an alternative to paper. The cloths are easy to use: gifts are placed in the centre of the fabric, which is then tucked(卷起)around the object and fastened with a knot (结).Because fabric is so much more malleable (可塑的)than wrapping paper, it can be used to make even the most awkward-shaped gifts look professionally wrapped. The Covid-19 pandemic(大流行病)has brought the environment into a new focus for people, causing people all to make more environmentally conscious decisions around what we buy.Part of the appeal of fabric wrapping is that it is a present in itself. The receiver can not only enjoy a beautifully wrapped gift but can then reuse the cloth to give a gift of their own.Some customers use their cloth within family or friendship circles, so that it eventually makes its way back to them. There’s a certain magic and tradition in passing it from person to person.Then there’s the rising interest in craft. Fabric wrapping is often handmade. Compare d to standard wrapping paper, fabric wrapping offers more chances to experiment with different folding techniques and the way it lends itself to botanical decoration. There is a huge appetite for people wanting to learn new craft skills and perhaps create their own gifts for friends and family.The practice of using furoshiki became widespread during Japan’s Edo period (1603-1868), when people bundled(捆)their clothes in fabric while visiting public baths. The custom was generally the preserve of older people in Japan, but younger generations are getting on board as a result of the pandemic. They have started to reconsider their ways of life.1．Which of the following can best describe furoshiki?A．Sustainable.B．Wasteful.C．Complex to knot.D．Awkward to carry.2．What is the advantage of furoshiki over standard wrapping paper?A．It has less human touch.B．It improves gardening skills.C．It stimulates appetite for food.D．It offers more space for creativity.3．Why does furoshiki begin to be accepted by younger people?A．It has a long family tradition.B．Pandemic promotes green rethink.C．Public baths are gaining popularity.D．It’s their turn to preserve the custom.4．What is the text mainly about?A．The history of furoshiki.B．The benefits of furoshiki.C．Ways to wrap a gift with furoshiki.D．Reasons for a growing interest in furoshiki.B【广东省梅州市2021-2022学年高三下学期2月总复习质检（一模）】A research team led by Chunshui Yu and Mulin Jun Li of Tianjin Medical University has discovered two new genes potentially involved in Alzheim er’s disease. They identified them by exploring which genes were turned on and off in the hippocampus of people who suffered from the disease. The team’s new findings are published on February 25th in PLOS Genetics.Alzheimer’s disease is a type of brain disorder that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. This is a gradually progressive condition. The hippocampus, part of the brain involved in memory, is one of the first regions to sustain damage. To better understand which genes contribute to the progression of this heritable disease, the researchers identified genes expressed at higher or lower levels in the hippocampus of people with Alzheimer’s disease compared to healthy brains. They identified 24 Alzheimer’s-related genes that appear to have an effect through the hippocampus, using previous genomic and hippocampus gene expression data. Many genes were already known to contribute to the disease, such as APOE, but two were unknown, PTPN9 and PCDHA4. Additionally, several are involved in bio logical process related to Alzheimer’s disease, such as cell death.The research team further validated their findings by comparing gene expression for the two dozen genes to images of the individuals’ brains. In Alzheimer’s disease, damage and loss of ne urons causes the hippocampus to decrease, which can be measured through medical imaging. The researchers established that expression of two of the genes is related to the size of the hippocampus of Alzheimer’s disease.Overall, the new findings improve our understanding of the genetic and cellular mechanisms that cause Alzheimer’s disease. The next step will be to investigate the roles of the two novel genes and how they contribute to this harmful disease.5．How did the research team find the two genes rela ted to Alzheimer’s disease?A．By closing the hippocampus of people.B．By exploring the switch state of the genes.C．By turning on and off the genes of the patient.D．By discovering genes in the hippocampus of people.6．What does the underlined word “validated” mean in Paragraph 3?A．Reported. B．Conducted. C．Confirmed. D．Exposed.7．What can we infer about the size of the hippocampus in Alzheimer’s disease.A．It comes in a smaller size. B．There is no way to measure its size.C．It results in damage and loss of neurons. D．It helps to identify Alzheimer’s disease.8．What is the main idea of this passage?A．It is vital to continue the study of Alzheimer’s disease.B．The cause of Alzheimer’s disease has been found.C．The Alzheimer’s disease will be cured soon by th e research team.D．Two novel genes likely linked to Alzheimer’s disease have been discovered.C【贵州省贵阳市2021-2022学年高三适应性考试一（一模）】The 33-year-old Australian is actually a student in international relations completing his PhD through Griffith University. He came to Beijing for cooperative research at Peking University less than two years ago. Such an academic life was just added color with a chance offered by the cultural exchanges project, “I’m in China”.Bradley was lucky to win the most “likes” for his phot o story about his life in China and became one of 20 winners to visit locations after a global recruitment (招募) by the project this summer. All the winners’ experiences were filmed to produce a reality show, My Chinese Working Day, which will be broadcast bymid-September.Bradley was chosen to work as a recreational manager for a Chinese wedding. The film crew took the 20 winners to many “amazing sites” and the staff at the resort taught them a lot about how to “show modern Chinese traits (特色) while still keeping traditional customs“”, Bradley said. “I would have to say two things stick out as the most memorable: the helicopter ride and talking with the staff at the hotel about how they organize weddings here in China,” he said. That was Bradley’s first tim e to be in a helicopter, and he was too absorbed with the view of the beautiful coastline.“I think it is so important to show other Australians the different sceneries in China. I think so many Australians, when they think about China, they will imagine the historical sites of Beijing and the exciting things to see in Shanghai but have no idea about other beautiful places like Sanya or the many other places people have been taken to in this TV series,” Bradley saidAs to the Chinese wedding, the ceremony w as quite familiar to Bradley, which he said was “very much like any wedding he had been to back in Australia”. But it was still “interesting to see how Chinese couples balance the desires of a modern wedding while keeping Chinese traditions”.9．Why did Bradley come to China?A．To visit Peking university. B．To do the cooperative research.C．To produce a reality show. D．To attend a wedding party.10．What made Bradley chosen from the cultural exchanges project?A．His appealing photo story. B．His academic life.C．His working day. D．His colorful exchange project.11．What can we learn from paragraph 4?A．Australians don’t know anything about China.B．Bradley has been to Beijing and Shanghai before.C．Australians know a variety of beautiful places in ChinaD．Bradle y wants to broaden Australians’ eyes of China12．What is the passage mainly about?A．Bradley’s helicopter.B．Bradley’s wedding.C．Bradley in China. D．Bradley in Sanya.II．语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
阅读04 阅读理解微技能——主旨大意题-2023年高考英语二轮复习
阅读04 阅读理解微技能—主旨大意题之真题引领
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or higher，while 92 women were in the medium fitness category.A total of 59 were of low fitness level，with a peak workload of 80 watts or less，or having their tests stopped because of health problems.
阅读04 阅读理解微技能—主旨大意题之真题引领
30.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia B.Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
阅读04 阅读理解微技能—主旨大意题之考情分析
年份 2022 2021
2020
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体裁
应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 应用文·说明文
记叙文·夹叙夹议文 应用文·说明文 说明文·说明文 应用文·说明文 记叙文·说明文 说明文·说明文 记叙文·议论文 应用文·记叙文 说明文·议论文
阅读04 阅读理解微技能—主旨大意题之题型分析
思维品质体现英语学科核心素养的心智特征，而主旨大意题较 好地反映了学生的思维品质。主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过阅读文 章正确获取文章主旨，推断文章的主题、标题、段落大意、中心思 想的能力，即考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能 力。它既考查阅读理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力。此 类题目可分为三大类：标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
2021届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧11文章大意的概括策略含解析
典型技巧11 文章大意的概括策略【考情角度】Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her ebook as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me”time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？”Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a firstname basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，”he said. “It's a chance for selfreflection. You return to work rechargedand with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，”said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.1.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A. Food variety.B. Eating habits.C. T able manners.D. Restaurant service.2.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A. T o meet with her coworkers.B. To catch up with her work.C. T o have some time on her own.D. T o collect data for her report.3.What do we know about Mazoleny?A. He makes videos for the bar.B. He's fond of the food at the bar.C. He interviews customers at the bar.D. He's familiar with the barkeeper.4.What is the text mainly about?A. The trend of having meals alone.B. The importance of selfreflection.C. The stress from working overtime.D. The advantage of wireless technology.答案与解析： 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A1.根据题干中的关键词statistics可观察原文第二段数据，三个数据涉及早、午、晚三餐独自就餐的数据，与人们就餐习惯有关。
专题 阅读理解主旨大意题---2023年高考英语二轮复习专题
recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
阅读理解专项——主旨大意题课件-2023届高三英语二轮复习
plastic products. 主题句 概括了本文的主要内容
故选D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 海洋塑料转化为雕塑
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,”…
3. 段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式
(1) The main idea of the second paragraph probably is that . (2) What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with? (3) Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph one? (4) What’s the main idea discussed in the first paragraph?
可知，独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the
2021高考英语必考点妙解专题主旨大意(含答案及解析)
高考英语必考点妙解专题：主旨大意本类考题解答锦囊一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。
不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，特别是新闻报道，第一小段通常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想；在文章的段落中，则通常由开头的一句作为主题句(topic sentence)来概括该段的中心思想。
主题句一般具有三个特点：1．表述的意思比较概括，相对主题句来看，这种概括性更为明显。
2．句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。
3．段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。
理解一篇文章的主旨大意首先要学会寻找主题句。
一般来说，在一个段落中，主题句的位置有五种情况：1．主题句在段首：在有主题句的段落中，主题句位于段首的可能性最大。
通常用演绎法撰写的段落，往往遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即以概述开始，随之详细解说。
2．主题句在段尾：与主题句位于段首的情况相反，主题句位于段尾时，通常用归纳法撰写。
表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此而结尾。
位于段尾的主题句往往陈述依据上文的细节的结论或建议，归纳的要点或共性以及得出的观察印象或结果。
3．主题句在段中：当主题句位于段中，开段的句子往往表述段落要论述的主题，而主题则由随之引出的句子来表达。
此外，为阐明主题思想，在主题句之后，仍有一些句子陈述细节，或作合乎逻辑的引申。
这一类的段落包括三个层次：引题——主题——解释，或提问——回答——解释。
屯主题句在段首和段尾：在一些文段中，作者为了突出主题思想，并暗示读者，这段文章中的意思比其他的段更重要。
采用了前后呼应、两次点题的写作乎法。
值得注意的是，表述同一主题思想的两个主题句，在句型结构和用词方面往往不尽—致，而且在内容上后者也不是前者的简单重复，多半有所引申或顺应其向细节的铺叙而有所侧重。
5．主题句暗含在段中：不是所有的段落都有主题句。
尤其是在多段文章中，主题句并没有明确表述。
阅读这样的文段，主要通过对细节的陈述或概括各段的主题思想，含蓄地表达文段的主题思想。
人教版新高考英语二轮复习习题训练--阅读理解 主旨大意题——标题归纳类(含答案)
考点分类练(八)主旨大意题——标题归纳类A(2021·山东济宁一模)During a decline in tourism, one national park in Thailand has seen a dramatic rise in “visitors”recently. So many are the hermit crabs(寄居蟹) flooding into the otherwise empty beaches of Koh Lanta that shells for them to live in have become in short supply.The Thai government moved quickly to ease the housing shortage, launching a public appeal for empty shells that netted over 200 kg. On December 5 these were distributed around the park in a ceremony.Hermit crabs rely on shells to protect their soft bodies, moving to larger shells as they grow. On Koh Lanta and the surrounding smaller islands, their rapid increase seems to be a natural phenomenon, rather than directly related to the absence of tourists. But the shortage of shells may be man-made: pretty ones have long been gathered to be sold as goods. Crabs begun to make do with potential deathtraps such as plastic caps and bottles.The shell drive is part of a government initiative to regain the balance of nature.“I have instructed all national parks to do whatever it takes,” says the minister for natural resources. His inspiration comes from the pause in tourism brought on by the epidemic. A ban on international visitors and the closure of national parks have helped nature recover, bringing endangered leatherback turtles back onto Thai beaches. In the coastal provinces of Phang Nga and Phuket, turtles have laid the largest number of eggs for 20 years.The government has decided to try to copy the policy during the epidemic in future. From now on, all national parks will be required to close for a short period during the off-season and to limit the number of tourists through a reservation system when they are open. Although such restrictions mean reduced earnings from tourism in the short term, in the longer run more parks may help to keep the tourists coming.1.What happened to the beaches of Koh Lanta recently?A.They got flooded by seawater.B.They became completely empty.C.They were packed with hermit crabs.D.They saw a constant stream of tourists.2.What contributed to the housing shortage for hermit crabs?A.Natural disasters.B.Human activities.C.Their preference for bottles.D.The government’s involvement.3.Why are turtles mentioned in paragraph 4?A.To warn turtles are dying out.B.To prove beaches are their ideal habitats.C.To stress the ecological diversity of Thailand.D.To illustrate the birth of the minister’s inspiration.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Developing Economy or Protecting Animals?B.Closing National Parks or Drawing More Visitors?ernments Are Responsible for the Balance of NatureD.Authorities Help to Find Shelters for Homeless Hermit CrabsB(2021·山东烟台一模)Many teachers believe frequent quizzes(小测验) help students better grasp classroom material. Crede, an associate professor of psychology, was skeptical that something as simple as a quiz could positively affect students’ academic performance. He decided to dig deeper and conduct an analytic study of existing research to see if there was any proof of the idea. What he discovered truly surprised him.Crede analysed data from previously published studies that examined 52 classes with almost 8,000 students, to determine if frequent quizzes improved the students’ academic performance. Laboratory settings were kept out of the study because Crede wanted to observe whether similar studies from labs would apply to general classrooms.Crede discovered that when students were quizzed over classroom material at least once a week, they tended to perform better on midterm and final exams compared to students who did not take quizzes. He also found that students who took frequent quizzes were less likely to fail the class, especially if they were struggling with the course content. Students who struggled the most in a class seemed to benefit the greatest from frequent quizzes. The other surprising thing was how much quizzes helped reduce failure rates in classes. The chances of passing a class went through the roof where instructors used this. In addition to quiz frequency, another factor that seemed to positively affect students’ performance was immediate feedback from instructors. Also, quizzes that required students to answer with written responses proved more beneficial to their understanding of classroom material compared to multiple-choice questions.Asking teachers to grade written quizzes daily or weekly may discourage some from carrying them out in their classes. Instead, it is recommended that instructors give online quizzes that can be automatically graded by a course management system. Quiz attributes(属性) proved insignificant in the study, including whether the tests were pop quizzes or planned, or if they were online or on paper.5.What did Crede do to ensure his study’s accuracy?A.He focused on what happened in classrooms.B.He researched as many students as he could.C.He made laboratory settings as real as possible.D.He gave easy quizzes to make every student do well.6.What did Crede discover in his study?A.Frequent quizzes could remove students’ failure in classes.B.Instructors’ feedback was more important than frequent quizzes.C.Frequent quizzes were especially useful to the struggling students.D.Multiple-choice questions shouldn’t be included in frequent quizzes.7.What may be a disadvantage of frequent quizzes for teachers?A.Accessing the Internet less frequently.B.Having too many exam papers to mark.C.Being unable to get appropriate test material.D.Finding it hard to choose the right type.8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Quizzes Stimulate a Passion for CreationB.Quizzes Improve Academic PerformanceC.Quizzes Create a Heavy BurdenD.Quizzes Increase BoredomC(2021·安徽安庆高三二模)Becoming a parent brings out the best in many animals. Although parenting is usually left to the females, the males from many species will also care for the offspring. Take anemone fish(海葵鱼) for example.Despite their smaller size, the males help the females defend the nest, but only the males take care of it. They use their fins as fans to provide a constant flow of oxygen and keep the surroundings clean. They also put a lot of effort into the nest.The eggs take about five days to hatch. During this important period, the males fan them to provide oxygen and remove the rubbish. They also pick up the eggs in their mouths and move them around to remove any bacteria. One of the biggest threats comes from female sticklebacks(刺鱼), who form organised groups and attack the nests to eat all the eggs.The males defend the newborn fish and bring back the ones who move too far from the nest. Once the fish grow up, they become a little bit more independent and start to swim away. The dad swims after them, picks them up in his mouth, and spits them back into his nest. Eventually, he gets to the point where he can’t keep track of them and that’s when they separate.Doting(宠爱的) fathers are not restricted to the world of fish. In some poison frog species, the dads also warn the mums when the young ones are hungry and need to be fed.9.What does the underlined word “offspring” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Children.B.Relatives.C.Friends.D.Colleagues.10.What can we infer about the male anemone fish?A.They take full responsibility for building the nest.B.They are much larger than the female anemone fish.C.They are actually extremely excellent fathers.D.They frequently make attacks on other animals.11.What does it mean when the dad can’t track its young fish?A.The dad can’t tend to the young fish.B.The young fish are already independent.C.The living environment is worse.D.The dad is in a state of aging.12.What can be the best title for the text?A.The Model Father in the Animal KingdomB.The New Role of the Male Anemone FishC.The Really Caring Caregivers in LifeD.A Strange Phenomenon in Nature考点分类练(八)主旨大意题——标题归纳类【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。
新高考一轮复习英语全景考点讲练 专题 11 阅读之主旨大意题(含答案)
专题11 阅读之主旨大意【考纲解读】阅读理解在高考中的比重非常大。
所谓“得阅读者得天下”，拿下了阅读就等于拿下了高考的半壁江山。
所以提分的重点就在于阅读。
而阅读理解中主旨大意题是常考题型，也是容易出错的题型之一。
掌握解题步骤，确保主旨大意题的正确率是非常重要的。
【核心考点】一、识别主旨大意题；二、主旨大意题解题方法；考点一【主旨大意的识别提分秘籍】题干主要设置：1.What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text?2.The main topic / subject of the passage is _________.3. The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme of this passage is…4.The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _________.5. What is mainly discussed in the text?6.What is the main idea of the passage?7. What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?8. The purpose of this passage is.9. Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?10. Which of the following best summarized the passage?11.The passage mainly focuses on.归纳：文章中如何寻找关键词1.举例中的关键词一定不是文章关键词2.Timex是细节词，细节词不能有3.首段出现疑问句时，对该疑问对回答就是主题句考点二【主旨大意提分秘籍】Main idea 题型的解题步骤1.关键词一定要有2.细节词不能有3.主题句一般在段首断尾，首段尾段提升训练1.【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解C篇】Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.“That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s c all, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signalling: “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mother’s back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter.Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”.“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little tocommunicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.”30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthroughB. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skillsC. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdomD. Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated【参考答案】D 主旨大意题文章第一句即点明主旨，研究人员表明，他们已经破译出野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义。
专题02 阅读理解之主旨大意题(课件)-2024年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)
us about mobile phones?
2021年6月浙江 C篇10. What is the last paragraph mainly
卷
about?
考点 段落大意 段落大意 段落大意 段落大意 段落大意 段落大意
考情分析
考点要求
文章标题 文章大意
段落大意
考题统计
考情分析
3年8考
【命题规律】
Solar真p题ro研je析ct·s规n律ee探d寻to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
阅读C27. Which can be a suitable title for the text? 文章标题
专题1 阅读理解：主旨大意题-高考英语二轮复习
• (1)掌握部分的俚语习语有助于正确选择标题。
• (2)以偏概全、大而化之、张冠李戴不可有。
1. 标题提炼题——寻根溯源 画龙点睛
2020年全国Ⅱ卷·35
I have a special place in my heart for libraries… while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further— changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions…
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Can we grow more glowing plants? B. How do we live with glowing plants? C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
2021届高考英语二轮温习阅读理解主旨大意题专练题目归纳类
阅读理解主旨大意题专练(一) 题目归纳类A(2021·安徽合肥高三第二次教学质量检测)Susan Brownell Anthony was a lady ahead of her time. She fought for women's rights long before they became a popular issue.Susan was born on February 15,1820, in Adams, Massachusetts. At that time, women had few rights. They could not own property. Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband. Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers. Women could not vote.At the age of 15, Susan became a schoolteacher. She taught for 15 years. Then she began organizing women's groups to promote causes that were important to women. She helped gain better educational rights for women. She helped give married women possession of their earnings.After the Civil War, Susan became very involved in the women's suffrage movement. After years of lecturing, writing, and appealing by Susan and other women, some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote. The first state was Wyoming in 1869. Other areas and states gradually followed Wyoming's decision. It was not until 1920 that the U．S. Constitution was changed to give all women voting rights.Susan Brownell Anthony died in 1906 at the age of 86. She was elected to the Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1950. She was the first American woman to have a likeness (肖像) of her face on a coin. It was the 1979 Susan Brownell Anthony dollar.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖Susan Brownell Anthony。
2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解完形填空解题策略汇编【精华】
阅读理解完形填空解题策略汇编专题突破解题策略（一）阅读理解之主旨大意题主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。
主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，是作者的文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明的中心话题。
把握主旨大意对正确理解全文具有重要意义。
主旨大意题旨在考查考生对文章主旨大意的理解和概括能力。
考题中往往出现下列词语：subject, topic, theme, title, man idea等命题形式1.考查文章的中心思想Then main idea/key point of this passage is that ./The passage is mainly about .From the passage we can learn/conclude that ./What`s the main idea of theParagraph…..?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? /What does the passage mainly talk about?2.考查文章标题的选择The best title/headline for this passage is ./ Which of the following is thebest title?What would be the best title for the text? /The title that best expresses the ideaof this passageis .3.考查作者意图The author writes the passage mainly to .What`s the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph…..?解题策略1.采用浏览法抓住主题句。
2021年新课标版英语高考真题练习：专题十 主旨大意
专题十 主旨大意探考情 悟真题【考情探究】考卷年份 课标全国Ⅰ 课标全国Ⅱ 课标全国Ⅲ 2019 第33题,第35题 第31题,第35题 第27题 2018 第27题,第31题 第28题,第35题 第27题, 第35题 2017 第31题 第28题,第31题 第28题,第35题 2016 第35题 第32题 第35题 2015 —— 第28题 —— 考点内容 主旨大意题要求学生在理解全文后归纳文章要点,概括中心思想,因此需要学生能够分析文章的篇章结构,抓住文章开头的主题或文章最后的结论,从而找出文章主旨或文章的标题。
分析解读1.主旨大意题有一个明显的特点:要求学生通读全文,从四个选项中选出最佳标题或能够说明文章或段落大意的选项。
通常情况下,考查对象分为两大类:即篇章主旨和段落主旨。
篇章主旨是针对全文主题进行．．．．．．．．．．．．．提问．．,．而段落主旨是针对某一段落或几个段落的主题进行提问．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。
2.主旨大意题考查的是学生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求学生必须在充分理解全文的前提下,梳理出整篇文章的主旨大意。
它既考查阅读理解能力．．．．．．．．．．,．又考查深层次的推理、概括能力．．．．．．．．．．．．．．,．所以在阅读理解试题中．．．．．．．．．．难度相对较大．．．．．．。
课标全国卷近五年考查主旨大意题的题量相对较少,但考查深度、难度却不断增加,解题时需对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳、推断后方可得出正确答案 。
考查形式由简单的主题归纳变得综合性越来越强,同时文章的跳跃性强,隐含信息增多,常以标题归纳的形式出现,这就要求学生在理解文章主旨大意的基础上注意标题的三个特点:概括性、针对性和醒目性。
【五年高考】A 组 统一命题·课标卷题组Passage 1(2019课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:370During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers. The likables ’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there ’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein ’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究).“We found that the least well-likedteens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates.But so had those who were high in status.It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment,high status has just the opposite effect on us.”Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness,openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research,Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusion:Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes,but it is also responsible for those outcomes,too.“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,”he said.1.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.2.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The classification of the popular.B.The characteristics of adolescents.C.The importance of interpersonal skills.D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.3.What did Dr.Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?A.They appeared to be aggressive.B.They tended to be more adaptable.C.They enjoyed the highest status.D.They performed well academically.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Be Nice—You Won’t Finish LastB.The Higher the Status,the BetterC.Be the Best—You Can Make ItD.More Self-Control,Less Aggressiveness答案1.C2.A3.B4.APassage2(2019课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:348Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself,quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad.What is she reading?None of your business!Lunch is Bechtel’s“me” time.And like more Americans,she’s not alone.A new report found46percent of meals are eaten alone in America.More than half(53percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46percent)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore,74 percent,according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out.Alone,but together,you know?”Bechtel said,looking up from her book. Bechtel,who works in downtown West Palm Beach,has lunch with coworkers sometimes,but like many of us,too often works through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeling energized.“Today,I just wanted some time to myself,”she said.Just two seats over,Andrew Mazoleny,a local videographer,is finishing his lunch at the bar.He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流).“I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,”he said.“It’s a chance for self-reflection.You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one,but those days are over.Now,we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.“It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,”said Laurie Demeritt,whose company provided the statistics for the report.1.What are the statistics in paragraph2about?A.Food variety.B.Eating habits.C.Table manners.D.Restaurant service.2.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A.To meet with her coworkers.B.To catch up with her work.C.To have some time on her own.D.To collect data for her report.3.What do we know about Mazoleny?A.He makes videos for the bar.B.He’s fond of the food at the bar.C.He interviews customers at the bar.D.He’s familiar with the barkeeper.4.What is the text mainly about?A.The trend of having meals alone.B.The importance of self-reflection.C.The stress from working overtime.D.The advantage of wireless technology.答案1.B2.C3.D4.APassage3(2018课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数:264Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under￡5per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay￡5for a portion(一份),but Matt makes them for26p a portion,because they are flour,water, sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.1.What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.She has had a tight budget for her family.2.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for Less答案1.B2.C3.C4.DPassage4(2018课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:294Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun,according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers,some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives,and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the report’s key findings,“the proportion(比例)who say they‘hardly ever’read for fun has gone from8percent of13-year-olds and9percent of17-year-olds in1984to22percent and27percent respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children,ages2—8,remain largely the same.But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined,from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading,the report does little to counsel(建议)parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading.It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently,compared to infrequent readers,have more books in the home,more books purchased for them,parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches,and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近)ahead,parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.1.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A.Children’s reading habits.B.Quality of children’s books.C.Children’s after-class activities.D.Parent-child relationships.2.Where can you find the data that best supports“children are reading a lot less for fun”?A.In paragraph2.B.In paragraph3.C.In paragraph4.D.In paragraph5.3.Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A.E-books are of poor quality.B.It could be a waste of time.C.It may harm children’s health.D.E-readers are expensive.4.How should parents encourage their children to read more?A.Act as role models for them.B.Ask them to write book reports.C.Set up reading groups for them.D.Talk with their reading class teachers.答案1.A2.B3.C4.APassage5(2018课标全国Ⅲ,B)词数:312Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are,like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City,for example,is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over300years its population grew gradually from800people to8million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,was unmapped wilderness(荒野).But gold was discovered there in1897,and two years later,it was one of the largest cities in the West,with a population of30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche(雪崩)once closed the path, killing63people.For many who made it to Dawson,however,the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20,000people who dug for gold,4,000got rich.About100of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were,Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon,the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down,and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska,they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today,people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is762.1.What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A.Its business culture.B.Its small population.C.Its geographical position.D.Its favourable climate.2.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?A.Two-thirds of them stayed there.B.One out of five people got rich.C.Almost everyone gave up.D.Half of them died.3.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?A.They found the city too crowded.B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.C.They were unable to stand the winter.D.They were short of food.4.What is the text mainly about?A.The rise and fall of a city.B.The gold rush in Canada.C.Journeys into the wilderness.D.Tourism in Dawson.答案1.C2.B3.B4.APassage6(2017课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:325Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and CulturalOrganization)recently set April30as a day to raise awareness of jazz music,its significance,and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations,though,in the U.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz,Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz,make the music more accessible,and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan.“What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore.It’s actually color,and it’s actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in1908or1958.It has to continue to move,because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.Last year,Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For me,it’s the recontextualization.In music,where does the emotion(情感)lie?Are we,as humans,gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran,“so I want to continue those dialogues.Those are the things I want to foster.”1.Why did UNESCO set April30as International Jazz Day?A.To remember the birth of jazz.B.To protect cultural diversity.C.To encourage people to study music.D.To recognize the value of jazz.2.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph3refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.3.What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?A.It will disappear gradually.B.It remains black and white.C.It should keep up with the times.D.It changes every50years.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Exploring the Future of JazzB.The Rise and Fall of JazzC.The Story of a Jazz MusicianD.Celebrating the Jazz Day答案1.D2.C3.C4.APassage7(2017课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:317Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight,bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats,four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition,which flew at1,400feet for eight minutes last month,can reach around70miles per hour on the road and115in the air.It flies using a23-gallon tank of gas and burns5gallons per hour in the air.On the ground,it gets35miles per gallon.Around100people have already put down a$10,000deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale,and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show.But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways.It’s expected to cost$279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic.The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the1930s,according to Robert Mann,an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft,which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete20hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition,a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The basic data of the Transition.B.The advantages of flying cars.C.The potential market for flying cars.D.The designers of the Transition.2.Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A.It causes traffic jams.B.It is difficult to operate.C.It is very expensive.D.It burns too much fuel.3.What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Flying Car at Auto ShowB.The Transition’s First FlightC.Pilots’Dream Coming TrueD.Flying Car Closer to Reality答案1.A2.C3.B4.DPassage8(2017课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:324The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named“DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people,leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝)and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe,the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(导航)tools,night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains:“For many older people,particularly those living alone or in the country,driving is important for preserving their independence,giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills.The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr Amy Guo,the leading researcher on the older driver study,explains:“The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”“For example,most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案)to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”1.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?A.To explore new means of transport.B.To design new types of cars.C.To find out older drivers’problems.D.To teach people traffic rules.2.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A.It keeps them independent.B.It helps them save time.C.It builds up their strength.D.It cures their mental illnesses.3.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A.Improve their driving skills.B.Develop driver-assist technologies.C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.anize regular physical checkups.4.What is the best title for the text?A.A New Model Electric CarB.A Solution to Traffic ProblemsC.Driving Services for EldersD.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road答案1.C2.A3.B4.DPassage9(2016课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:332The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful,or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness,uneasiness,or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people,just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore,when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops,what may be implied(暗示)is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures,silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways,particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example,Russian,French,and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However,Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use,persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect,particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.Anurse who understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A.It implies anger.B.It promotes friendship.C.It is culture-specific.D.It is content-based.2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C.The Mexicans.D.The Russians.3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make use of its healing effects.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver;Silence Is Gold答案1.C2.A3.D4.BPassage10(2016课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:254Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now,the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place,hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson,the managing director of BookCrossing,says,“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses,in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the“real”and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.1.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A.To explain what they are.B.To introduce BookCrossing.C.To stress the importance of reading.D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.2.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph2refer to?A.The book.B.An adventure.C.A public place.D.The identification number.3.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A.Meet other readers to discuss it.B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.C.Pass it on to another reader.D.Mail it back to its owner.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Online Reading:A Virtual TourB.Electronic Books:A New TrendC.A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD.A Website Links People through Books答案1.B2.A3.C4.DPassage11(2015课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:304Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn’t have enough window light,get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study,people who ate meals in a blue room consumed33percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it’s time to repaint,go blue.Don’t forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about70fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time,and try to make dinner last at least30minutes.And while you’re at it,actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down,turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about22percent more when using a12-inch plate instead of a10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake(摄入)jumps by14percent.And we’ll pour about30percent more liquid into a short,wide glass than a tall,skinny glass.1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about.A.their home comfortsB.their body shapeC.house buyingD.healthy diets2.A home environment in blue can help people.A.digest food betterB.reduce food intakeC.burn more caloriesD.regain their appetites3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A.Eat quickly.B.Play fast music.e smaller spoons.D.Turn down the lights.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Is Your House Making You Fat?B.Ways of Serving DinnerC.Effects of Self-ConsciousnessD.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?答案。
2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解考点讲解含解析202102221201
阅读理解Ⅰ.阅读理解题策略一、先看题干，带着问题读文章。
即先看试题，再读文章。
阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。
其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。
二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40词左右。
必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
速读全文对于主旨大意题的解决尤其有效，能快速抓住主干，确定好答案。
三、详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。
文章绝不是互不相干的句子的堆砌。
作者为文，有脉可循。
如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；议论文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。
四、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。
深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。
它必须忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想像，随意揣测；读者要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。
推理题在提问中常用的词有：conclude，infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
五、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语阅读的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词法，语法，定义，同位语，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
Ⅱ.阅读理解常见问题及原因分析问题一：已经找对了题干与原文对应处，为何还做错？原因：①精确定位：要看清真正的问题，即用信息词定位之后，要看清句子逻辑关系，弄清意思。
(江苏专用)2021高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破11主旨大意_文章段落大意题优选
十一、主旨大意——文章/ 段落大意题(2021·江苏，B)In the 1760s，Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有) a special meat soup called consommé.Although the main attraction was the soup，Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out，which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today，scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat：diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) when their plates matched their food.When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one，customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters，too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness，they couldn’t tell how much they’d had：those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else，but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller，and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money，but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.Unlike fast-food places，fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round：put on some Mozart(莫扎特)．When classical，rather than pop，music was playing，diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect：diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon，or no scent.Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad〞 tables，crowding，high prices—don’t necessarily.Diners at bad tables—next to the kitchen door，say—spent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables〞， given that they’re profitable.As for crowds，a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation，suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffet’s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。
2021届通用版高考英语二轮复习阅读理解解题与练习(十一)Word版含答案
2021高考英语二轮阅读理解解题与练习（十一）一：知识梳理细节题解题技巧1：什么叫定位（先看题；带着问题读文章）2：定位标志的选择原则(1.明显定位词（大写字母；数字；敏感词（最高级；序数词；唯一性(2.核心含义定位：优先考虑名词（多个）—以防定位不准；再找形容词副词；最后找动词）3：解题步骤：a：从题目中找寻定位标志（选多个词定位，以防1个词无法定位）b：文中找词（题文同序；均匀分布）一次性看完所有题；记忆定位c：确定答案所在句（定位标志出现后，开始详细翻译；发现是所问为答案；不是所问；非答案，陈述对象发生转变；非答案）d：选择答案：1：同义替换2：证明中心3：全面大于片面（A片面；证明中心，B全面；偏离中心）二：习题训练（A）I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright(剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing outof the theme. It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. However, a variety of types is represented here. These include edy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the versatility(多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play.Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience. The houselights dim(变暗). The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.1.What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?A.He has written dozens of plays.B.He has a deep love for the theater.C.He is a professional stage actor.D.He likes reading short plays to others.2.What does the author avoid doing in his work?A.Stating the plays’ central ideas.B.Selecting works by famous playwrights.C.Including various types of plays.D.Offering information on the playwrights.3.What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays?A.Control their feelings.B.Apply their acting skills.e their imagination.D.Keep their audience in mind.4.What is this text?A.A short story.B.An introduction to a book.C.A play review.D.An advertisement for a theater.（B）When a leafy plant is under attack,it doesn’t sit quietly.Back in 1983,two scientists,Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals e from the injured parts of theplant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic pounds,VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.It’s a plant’s way of crying out.But is anyone listening?Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive,the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now bees lunch.In study after study,it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors.The damage is usually more serious on the first plant,but the neighbors,relatively speaking,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists don’t know.Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches,and so,in effect,was talking to itself.Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear”the cry.So information was exchanged,but it wasn’t a true,intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin,over 150 years ago,imagined a world far busier,noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.There’s a whole lot going on.1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It makes noises.B.It gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain chemicals.2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph3?A.The attackers get attacked.B.The insects gather under the table.C.The plants get ready to fight back.D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The world is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than before.C.The world is more plex than it seems.D.People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.（C）There is an old Chinese proverb that states “One generation plants the trees;another gets the shade”,and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters.The relationship between a mother and a daughter is sometimes confusing.It can be similar to friendship.However,the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship.These characteristics include a level of responsibilities and unconditional love,which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.Marina,27 years old,said,“I love spending time with my mom,but I wouldn’t consider her my best friend.Best friends don’t pay for your wedding.Best friends don’t remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life!Best friends don’t tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.”This doesn’t mean that the mother and daughter relationship can’t be very close and satisfying.While some adult relationships are still troubled,many find them to be extremely rewarding.This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in mon,which increases the likelihood of shared panionship.Mothers and daughters have always shared the mon experience of being home-makers,responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions.Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of the workforce and technology,which may bring them even closer together.Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends,but for better or worse,the mother and daughter relationship is permanent,even if for some unfortunate reason they aren’t speaking.The mother and child relationship is closer than any other.There is not an equalrelationship.Daughters should not feel responsible for their mother’s emotional well-being.It isn’t that they don’t care deeply about their mothers.It’s just that they shouldn’t be burdened with their mother’s well-being.The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable for any other.Mothers never stop being mothers,which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness.Mothers always “trump(胜过)” friends.1.What does the underlined word “preclude” in Para.1 probably mean?A.differB.preventC.benefitD.change2.What do you know from the text?A.The mother and daughter relationship can be replaced by a best friend.B.A mother’s love brings her and her daughter a close friendship.C.The mother and daughter relationship goes beyond best friends’ friendship.D.Marina has a troubled relationship with her mother.3.How does the author mainly prove his statement?A.By listing data.B.By giving explanations.C.By quoting sayings.D.By making parisons.4.What is the best title for the text?A.How to be a good mother and daughter?B.Who is a mother’s best friend?C.Mothers or friends?D.Can a mother be a daughter’s best friend?参考答案：A篇：BACBB篇：DABCC篇：BCBD。
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阅读理解技能保分练(十一)主旨大意题——文章大意类A[2020·兰州高三诊断考试]I wanted to be a journalist. But my parents reminded me that math makes money, so off to engineering school I went. In my post-university young-adult life, I've managed to become “traditionally successful”. As a female engineer, I worked for a big oil company and owned a home. My life was laid out in front of me, and I didn't like what I saw.So, I did what any respectable 24-year-old would do and left my life behind. I said goodbye to my boyfriend and pulled out my suitcase. I threw myself alone into the world with the grace and beauty of a baby deer taking its first steps with skateboards under its feet. I bloodied my knees mountain biking through the red rocks of Utah. I spent four days struggling through Yellowstone with 50 pounds on my back. Two Peruvian women along my Andean journey taught me how to roast coffee and helped me practice Spanish. It wasn't Vienna's cultural museums; it was a sunny piece of grass beside the Danube River with someone from my hostel (青年旅社) who quickly became a friend. It wasn't Yellowstone's Old Faithful geyser (间歇泉) launching hot water into the air; it was charging through Montana's ordinary landscape playing music so loud that the car windows shook. The truth is, I didn't actually need to be abroad to have almost any of my favorite experiences. They were just small everyday moments that happened to happen abroad, leading me to realize that the true value of my flight tickets were not the landmarks, but rather becoming an active participant in my own life.I now spend less time on online shopping and more time lying alone on the floor listening to an album cover-to-cover. I ask my friends how they're doing. Sometimes I surprise them with flowers to see them smile. I tell everyone to have a good day.1．What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 1?A．She found her work challenging.B．She was dissatisfied with her life.C．She preferred math to journalism.D．She dared not talk back to her parents.2．Why does the author mention the journeys she has taken in the text?A．To prove the importance of travel.B．To express her joy with new friends.C．To show what she learned from the travelling.D．To introduce the landmarks she was interested in.3．How has the travel probably changed the author?A．She has become more independent.B．She begins to enjoy her daily life more.C．She begins to value her family's opinion.D．She has become more interested in foreign cultures.4．What message does the author try to convey in the text?A．We shouldn't think life is better elsewhere.B．Interest is the best teacher in choosing jobs.C．Travel is the best way to spend your holidays.D．We shouldn't pay attention to what others say.B[2020·贵阳市高三适应性考试(一)]In a study of young people in the UK aged 12-20, half of them said they had been bullied (欺侮). Students who are bullied are more likely to suffer fromdepression and anxiety. They might lose interest in the activities they enjoy, avoid spending time with other people and not go to classes or school, which has a negative effect on their learning.Bullying is not just physical, like hitting or kicking someone, or taking their things without permission. Bullying can also be with words—saying or writing things that are not nice. Another type of bullying is social—choosing not to include someone, embarrassing someone or telling other people not to be friends with someone. Bullying can happen at school, on public transport, when you're walking home, surfing online... In fact, it can happen anywhere.Bullying usually involves more people than you think. There are the people who bully others and those who are bullied. Sometimes other people help the bully or join in. Then there are the kids that support bullying—they don't bully anyone directly, but they support the bullying by being the audience. They encourage the children who are bullying in other ways. This is why it's important for everyone to work together against bullying. Some children see what is happening and want to help, although they don't know how. Others may comfort and defend the person being bullied. To stop bullying we need everyone to be brave and take a stand.Does your school do anything to prevent bullying? Why don't you create a student anti-bullying group? This group can do many things. Let the head teacher know how well the school is doing with fighting bullying and give him advice. Choose an anti-bullying slogan for your school, make posters and displays or take over the school's social media for a week to send out anti-bullying messages.Bullying is a social problem and it needs a solution from society—in other words, everyone. Next time you see someone being cruel to someone else, take a stand! Don't laugh at or ignore what's happening — tell an adult as soon as possible and help everyone to realize that bullying is not OK.5．What may happen to the students when they were bullied at school?A．They have interest in the activities they enjoy.B．They are likely to talk with other people.C．They have to finish their learning.D．They become upset and anxious.6．What is the writer's attitude to being an audience for bullying?A．Supportive.B．Indifferent.C．Critical. D．Optimistic.7．What can we do to stop school bullying?A．Watch and laugh at it.B．Realize and fight against it.C．Comfort the victims.D．Stand by to be the audience.8．What is the text mainly about?A．School bullying and ways out.B．An introduction to school bullying.C．An anti-bullying slogan.D．A student anti-bullying group.C[2020·绵阳市高中第三次诊断性考试]The slogan for the Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Development Fund is “In Love With China”—and this special message has been shown in its own logo. The logo uses the characters for “wind”and “phoenix”(凤凰) in ancient oracle bone script (甲骨文) on a circular Chinese fan.Kang Jiaqi, the executive director of CHSDF, explains the many layers of meaning behind the logo: The logo adopts the writing style of oracle bone script—dating back over 3,000 years—carved onto either turtle shells or ox bones.“The Chinese character for ‘wind’ and the character for ‘phoenix’ are almost the same, with just one stroke difference. In China's ancient past, the phoenix was widely considered to bring peace and happiness and represent good fortune. The character for ‘wind’ has a long history and is also known as a name representing culture and spiritual power.”“Both the characters for ‘wind’ and ‘phoenix’ share the same component, which is also used in the logo. This extraordinary combination represents how experts lead fashion, which in turn leads culture—and that culture is the basis of creativity. Therefore, it represents the importance oftraditional Chinese culture in global creativity.”“Taking the Chinese oracle bone characters for ‘wind’and ‘phoenix’as our logo represents the beginning of Chinese civilization, which suggests that it can pass on Chinese culture through the cooperation between the CHSDF and the cooperative platform of global designers，”explains Jiaqi.Logo artist Sam Chung similarly explains her design process: The decision of the oracle bone script for “wind”comes from the root of the character itself. Originated from the character shape of “phoenix”，“wind's” oracle bone script still presents the ethereal beauty, despite its more circular shape. The three tassels (流苏) at the end of the moon-shaped fan further give a feeling of lightness while hinting at both the Eastern and Western flavor.9．What do we know about the logo?A．It's carved on turtle shells.B．It's drawn on a circular Chinese fan.C．It's designed in a new writing style.D．It's a combination of two similar characters.10．Why are the characters for “wind” and “phoenix” chosen?A．They are easily written.B．They symbolize good fortune.C．They represent Chinese cultural and spiritual power.D．They promote global creativity based on Chinese culture.11．What can we learn from the last paragraph?A．Sam Chung is the designer of the logo.B．The idea for the logo comes from abroad.C．The director has little say in the decision.D．Tassels are symbol of western culture.12．What's the passage mainly about?A．Chinese influence on the world.B．The making of the logo for CHSDF.C．Chinese culture and civilization.D．Chinese characters for “wind” and “phoenix”．阅读理解技能保分练(十一)A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我——个人生活——学会享受每一天[文章大意]文章讲述了作者本来打算成为一名记者，但是在父母的影响下，她选择了做工程师；虽然作者作为工程师的工作也非常出色，但是她放弃了自己的工作，开始四处旅行，寻找自己想要的生活，最后作者发现生活在此处而非别处。