八年级英语下册语法填空专题(含答案)(word)

八年级英语下册语法填空专题(含答案)（word）
一、八年级英语下册语法填空专项练习（含答案解析）
1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。

It's autumn now. The weather is cool and comfortable. It's a good time for ________ （walk）. So, our teacher organized a climbing for us. We decided ________ （climb） the mountains in our city.
We went there ________ bus and arrived there at 9 a.m. ________ we got off the bus, we started to climb the mountain. The mountain is high. We were so excited ________ we climbed fast at first. But after a while, some of us ________ （be） tired, especially for girls. They did not want to go on anymore. ________, the others encouraged（鼓励）and helped them. All of ________（we） climbed slowly so that no one was left behind. ________ about 11:00 a. m, we ________ （get） to the top of the mountain. We were tired but really happy.
【答案】 walking；to climb；by；After；that；were；However；us；At；got
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了作者和伙伴们爬山的经历。

（1）句意：这是散步的好时光。

for是介词其后是动名词，故填 walking。

（2）句意：我们决定去爬山。

decide to do，固定搭配，决定做某事，故填 to climb。

（3）句意：我们坐公共汽车去那里，早上9点到达那里。

by bus，固定搭配，乘坐公共汽车，故填by。

（4）句意：我们下了公共汽车后，开始爬山。

此处是时间状语从句连词，先下车后爬山，故此处是在……之后，故填 After。

（5）句意：我们非常兴奋，以至于开始爬得很快。

so...that，固定搭配，如此……以至于，故填that。

（6）句意：但是过了一会儿，我们中的一些人累了，尤其是女孩。

描述过去是一般过去时，主语是some故be用复数形式，故填were。

（7）句意：但是其他人鼓励并帮助他们。

根据 They did not want to go on anymore和the others encouraged（鼓励） and helped them，可知语境是转折关系，有标点故用however，但是，故填 However。

（8）句意：我们所有人都爬得很慢，所以没有人被落下。

of是介词其后是代词宾格，we 是主格，宾格是us，故填us。

（9）句意：在大约上午11点，我们到达山顶。

根据11点是具体时刻，故其前是at表示在，故填At。

（10）句意：在大约上午11点，我们到达山顶。

描述过去是一般过去时，get的过去式是got，故填got。

【点评】考查语法填空，注意谓语的时态，语态，非谓语动词，词性，连词搭配等多种用法。

2．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。

It's autumn now. The weather is cool and comfortable. It's a good time for ________ （walk）. So, our teacher organized a climbing for us. We decided ________ （climb） the mountains in
our city.
We went there ________ bus and arrived there at 9 a.m. ________ we got off the bus, we started to climb the mountain. The mountain is high. We were so excited ________ we climbed fast at first. But after a while, some of us ________ （be） tired, especially for girls. They did not want to go on anymore. ________, the others encouraged（鼓励）and helped them. All of ________（we） climbed slowly so that no one was left behind. ________ about 11:00 a. m, we ________ （get） to the top of the mountain. We were tired but really happy.
3．根据短文内容及括号内所给单词的提示填空
My good friend is Bill. He is twelve years old. He ________（be） born （出生） in New York in 2005. At the age of seven, he ________ （start） to go to school. When he was eleven，he ________（leave） New York with his parents and moved to Washington D.C. At his new school, he ________ （meet）me. He became my deskmate （同桌）. Because some terrible things were going on, at that time I wasn't enjoying ________（I）. I didn't want to say anything to ________ （anyone）. So of course, I didn't say hello to him. However, Bill said to me with a smile （微笑） on his face, "Hi, Dale! Do you need my help?" Bill's smile made me feel better. I didn't keep silent （沉默的） anymore.
I ________ （decide） to say something to him. After that Bill and I became good friends.
Now Bill is still my deskmate. Every day he ________ （take） the subway to school with me. Like me, he ________ （study）and exercises hard. We are in good health. We always ________ （get） good grades.
4．语法填空
"Dreams may be more important than sleep. We all need ________ （dream）," some scientists say. Dream take up about one quarter of our ________ （sleep）time. People have several dreams each night. Dreams are like short movies. They are usually ________ colour. Some dreams arc like old movies. They come to us over and over again. That may be because the dreamer is ________ （worry）about something. Dreaming may try to find ________ answer. Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams. They may think ________ their work all day. These ideas can carry over into dreams.
Sometimes we wake up with a good ________ （feel）from a dream. But often we can't ________ （remember）the dream. The dreams can go away ________ （quick）from memory. Too much dreaming can be harmful. The more we sleep, the ________ （long）we dream. The mind is hard at working when we dream. That's why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.
5．阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。

Mike is ________ 8-year-old Australian boy. He stays in China now, and his parents work in China. He has been in China ________three years.
Mike likes to collect stamps. He ________ （have） a lot of Chinese stamps since he came to China. Mike is learning Chinese now. He studies very hard, but he usually has many mistakes. He tries to spend more time reading Chinese________（story）. He often loses________ （he） in reading. Sometimes, mistakes make him learn much ________（fast）. Now he can write lots of Chinese words ________working hard. He was so lucky________he will have the chance to enter a competition called Chinese Bridge in Hunan.
Mike likes Beijing Roast Duck very much, because it tastes delicious. He wants to learn how________（cook）Roast Duck because his parents also like it. He hopes he can live and study ________ （happy） in China.
6．用所给词的适当形式填空。

Danny is my friend. He ________（live） in a rich family. His parents always________（give）him lots of pocket money. But Danny always ________（try） his best________（save） money. He has some good ways to do it.
Danny enjoys________（read）.He ________ （buy） lots of books since he was young. He tells me he often buys books online, because they're cheaper. And when he has free time, he often goes to bookstores or libraries to do some reading. Last Saturday, he ________（（invite）me to our city library to read.
Danny usually ________（go）to school by bike instead of ________ （take）a bus. Sometimes when it rains or snows, he walks. Danny ________（become）very healthy and saved much money by these two ways.
7．阅读下面短文，在空格处填入适当的词或使用括号内词语的正确形式填空。

Do you have any special memories that you still remember when you grow up? Actually, there are a few memories in our ________ （child） that will stay with us forever. Some that seemed so terrible at that time may make us ________（smile） years later.
One such memory is a phone call I got ________I was about four years old. My mother took part in a competition on a radio show. Competitors would tell ________ interesting story about their children and the ________ （win）would get a phone call from Mr. Santa Claus who worked at the radio station. Mr. Santa Claus would give the winner's child some gifts.
When the call came, Mom talked to Mr. Santa Claus ________ （one） and then she gave me the phone. At that time, Mom had told Mr. Santa Claus that I ________（draw） on a wall with crayons. Then Mr. Santa Claus asked me about my art work ________ the phone. I regarded that man as the real Santa Claus, so I threw down the ________ and ran crying out of the room. Santa Claus would know that I had been bad!
However, I did get two soft ________ （toy） from the radio station. And I guessed Santa Claus didn't find out about the wall. Maybe he did but just forgot about it.
8．【答案】best；through/to；educational；if /when；trouble；lying；thinking；badly；his；to
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章讲述了作者的叔叔在开车的时候救助一位生病老人的故事。

（1）句意：他告诉我最好的放松方式是锻炼。

根据定冠词the可知应使用good的最高级，good的最高级是best，故答案是best。

（2）句意：他告诉我最好的放松方式是锻炼。

is之后的是表语，如果exercise作动词用，可以使用动词不定式，如果作名词用则需要加介词，可以理解为“通过锻炼”，应使用through，故答案是to/through。

（3）句意：他认为阅读是有教育意义的。

education不能直接作表语，意思讲不同，改为educational形容词就讲得通，故答案是educational。

（4）句意：如果你喜欢阅读/当你喜欢上阅读，你总是能够使自己开心。

根据两个句子之间的关系，既可以是一个条件，也可以是一个时间，因此可以用if连接成条件状语从句，也可以用when连接成时间状语从句，故答案是if/when。

（5）句意：他经常帮助那些处于困境中的人。

in trouble有麻烦，处于困境，固定搭配，故答案是trouble。

（6）句意：上周，当他开车的时候，发现一个老人躺在路边。

see sb. doing sth看到某人正在做某事，固定搭配，应使用现在分词，lie的现在分词是lying，故答案是lying。

（7）句意：当他看到的时候，毫不犹豫，就停下了车，without介词，介词之后的动词使用ing形式thinking，故答案是thinking。

（8）句意：当他知道这个老人病得厉害的时候，他让所有的乘客下车等下一趟车。

ill形容词，bad在这里修饰ill，应使用副词badly，故答案是badly。

（9）句意：但是，让他吃惊的是，他们都同意跟他一起去。

to one's surprise固定搭配，让某人吃惊的是，应使用形容词性物主代词his，故答案是his。

（10）句意：多亏了我的叔叔和乘客，这位老人被医生及时救了。

thanks to 固定搭配，多亏……，故答案是to。

【点评】考查单词在语境中的具体运用，先跳过空格阅读全文，理解文章大意，然后根据语法、句法、语境和固定搭配等完成答案，再读全文，检查并订正答案。

二、八年级英语下册阅读理解专项练习（含答案解析）
9．阅读理解
In your life, there are a lot of people around you. They are your relatives, neighbors, friends or classmates. Sometimes you get along well with them, but sometimes don't. What can you do when someone hurts you? Most people may be angry or even fight with him. But it's not a good idea. You'd better forget all this and forgive（宽恕，原谅） him.
Maybe it's not easy for you to do that, but it's possible. Please remember: Keep a good mood, and you will keep healthy. Staying angry with others, in fact, means letting others' mistakes treat yourself unfairly.
How can you forgive others?
First，think of something pleasant and try to get yourself happy.
Second, don't wait others to say sorry to you. If anyone hurts you，he won't say sorry to you. He may just want to hurt you or just don't see things the same way.
Third, try to see things in others' shoes. You can understand their minds better and make yourself a little happier.
At last, try to know yourself very well. Whose mistakes caused that，yours or others'? If it's our fault，try to say sorry to them. If it isn't，smile at the thing.
（1）This passage tells us _______.
A. to get along well with others
B. to say sorry to others bravely when we hurt them
C. not to hurt others
D. to forgive others when they hurt us
（2）Forgiving others is _______ according to the writer's opinion.
A. easy
B. foolish
C. possible
D. impossible
（3）The underlined sentence means "_______" in Chinese.
A. 尽力坚持自己的观点
B. 尽力让别人接受自己的观点
C. 尽量站在别人的立场上看问题
D. 尽量看到别人立场中的实质问题
（4）The writer gives us _______ ideas to forgive others.
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
（5）Forgetting others' mistakes and staying happy can make us _______.
A. sad
B. disappointed
C. upset
D. healthy
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）C
（4）B
（5）D
【解析】【分析】本文介绍别人伤害我们时要原谅他们，同时提出几点看法。

（1）主旨题。

根据本文介绍别人伤害我们时要原谅他们，同时提出几点看法可知，文章主要告诉我们原谅伤害我们的人，故选D。

（2）细节题。

根据Maybe it's not easy for you to do that, but it's possible 也许你不容易做到，但这是可能的，可知根据作者的观点，原谅他人是可能的，故划线部分的意思是试着从别人的角度看问题，故选C。

（3）词义猜测题。

根据You can understand their minds better and make yourself a little happier你可以更好地理解他们的想法，让自己更快乐，可知这是站在别人的角度看待问题，故选C。

（4）细节题。

根据first，second，third和at last，可知作者给出4个意见，故选B。

（5）推理题。

根据 Keep a good mood, and you will keep healthy，保持好心情，你会保持健康，可知忘记别人的错误并保持快乐会让我们健康，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型，
细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

10．阅读理解
Below is an advertisement of a restaurant
Tea Cottage Wants You!
Join us in Tea Cottage – the best Chinese restaurant in town. We are now looking for someone interested in working with us.
2 Cooks
At least two years' work experience in a restaurant kitchen
Good at making Chinese dishes
Able to work at weekends
Work Time 16:00 – 21:00 every day （$600 / week）
3 Waiters / Waitresses
At least one year's work experience in cafes or restaurants
Part-time welcome
Work Time 11:00 – 15:00 or 17:00 – 22:00 （$16 / hour）
2 Cleaners
No experience needed
Part-time welcome
Work Time 12:00 – 15:00 or 17:00 – 22:00 （$12 / hour）
We are also looking for singers and bands （乐队） for Wednesday nights!
Which job could be for him in Tea Cottage?
A. Cook.
B. Cleaner.
C. Singer.
D. None.
（2）Ronald is a college student. He is looking for his first job that he can do in the daytime. He could find a job of the ______ in Tea Cottage.
A. singer
B. cook
C. cleaner
D. waiter
（3）What can we learn about Tea Cottage from the advertisement?
A. They are looking for singers and bands for weekend music shows.
B. They need cooks who can work both at lunchtime and dinner time
C. One who knows about tea-making has a better chance of working there.
D. They will pay the waiters over $60 a day for working during lunchtime.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是关于一个餐馆招聘工作人员的一篇广告。

（1）细节理解题。

根据文中信息Cooks At least two years' work experience in a restaurant kitchen Good at making Chinese dishes可知Giorgio 可知在这饭店当厨师，故选A。

（2）细节理解题。

根据文中信息Ronald是刚毕业的大学生，所以只有清洁工适合他，这个工作不需要工作经验，故选C。

（3）计算分析题。

根据文中有关服务生的信息Work 11:00—15:00 or 17:00—22:00 （USD$16 / hour）可知在午饭时间工作的报酬是4×16=64，故选D。

【点评】此题考查阅读理解。

这篇短文内容简单，容易理解。

先阅读短文理解大意。

然后根据问题仔细阅读短文细节，从短文的细节中找出问题答案。

11．阅读短文，选择正确的选项。

Babies born after 2017 may never need to take a driving lesson because of the development of self -driving cars. Some scientists say that self -driving or driverless cars（无人驾驶汽车）may hit the roads within 15 years, and it is possible that driving may become unnecessary, or more relaxing and enjoyable.
Companies like Google, Baidu, Apple and Alibaba are working on driverless cars. But, if the tests are successful, these electric self- driving cars could be put into use very soon. This kind of cars may change the way we live in the future. All you have to do is to type in the address!
According to Baidu, driverless technology has the following four advantages. Firstly, driverless cars are actually safer. With driverless cars, the number of deaths caused by accidents will decrease. Secondly, driverless cars are more efficient（效率高的）than manned cars. Thirdly, driverless cars follow the traffic rules. Therefore traffic control will be easier to achieve. At last, the cost of transportation will be reduced as the labor cost becomes less.
There are many different technologies needed to make a successful self -driving car. The most difficult technologies of all are environmental perception（感知）, behavior prediction, planning control, HD mapping, and exact GPS.
（1）According to some scientists, driverless cars may make driving become______.
A. necessary
B. difficult
C. enjoyable
D. boring
（2）Which of the following is NOT true about driverless cars?
A. Google, Baidu, Apple and Alibaba are working on driverless cars.
B. This kind of cars may change the way we live in the future.
C. Driverless cars are safer than manned cars.
D. Passengers don't need to tell the cars where they want to go.
（3）The third paragraph mainly talks about the ________of driverless cars.
A. instructions
B. standards
C. advantages
D. theories
（4）What does the underlined word “decrease” in the third paragraph mean?
A. 减少
B. 增加
C. 培养
D. 建造
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】这篇文章介绍了正在研发的无人驾驶汽车的特点、无人驾驶技术的优点和需要解决的技术难题。

（1）细节理解题。

根据it is possible thatdriving may become not necessary, or more relaxing and enjoyable.可知是更加轻松有趣的，故选C。

（2）细节理解题。

A. Google, Baidu, Apple andAlibaba are working on driverless cars. 谷歌、百度、苹果和阿里巴巴都在研发无人驾驶汽车。

B. This kind of carsmay change our living conditions in the future.这种汽车将来可能会改变我们的生活条件。

C. Driverless cars aresafer than man-controlled cars.无人驾驶汽车比人控制的汽车更安全。

D. Passengers don't need to tell the carswhere they want to go.乘客不需要告诉汽车他们想去的地方。

根据All you have to do is typing in the address! ，可知需要键入想去的地址，故选D。

（3）细节理解题（段落大意题）。

根据According to Baidu, driverlesstechnology has the following four advantages.，可知介绍的是无人驾驶技术具有四个优点,故选C。

（4）词句猜测题。

根据上文Firstly, driverless cars are actually safer.首先，无人驾驶汽车实际上更安全。

下文driverless cars are more efficient（效率高的） than manned cars. Thirdly, driverless cars follow the traffic rules.其次，无人驾驶汽车比有人驾驶的汽车更有效。

第三，无人驾驶汽车遵守交通规则。

可知With driverless cars, the number of deaths caused by accidents will decrease.交通事故会减少，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。

12．阅读理解
If you watch the sky for about an hour after the sun goes down, you may see some "moving stars". But they are not real stars. They are man-made satellites. And the biggest of all is the International Space Station （ISS）. From May to July, it is the best season to watch the ISS flying over the earth. And people can see it with their eyes during the time.
The scientists want to live on the ISS. They think that the best way to learn more about space is to live there.
When the space station is finished, it will be like a city in space. People will stay and study there with many of the things they have at home. Laboratories, living rooms and power stations are being built. The ISS is the most expensive program. Billions of dollars are spent on it every year. Scientists hope that the ISS will be a stepping stone for future space exploration. "The ISS will be more useful some day. The ISS will help us understand the human body better, explore space and study the earth. It can help us make life on the earth better," said Kathryn Clark, an ISS scientist.
Sixteen countries are part of the space program, the US, Russia, Canada, Japan, Brazil, and 11 European countries. China isn't an ISS country, but it has helped with some of the experiments. In 2003, China sent some rice up to the ISS to find out what space would do to it.
（1）From the first paragraph, we can learn .
A. we can't see the ISS with our eyes
B. March is the best time to watch the ISS flying over the earth
C. all the moving stars are real stars
D. the biggest man-made satellite is the ISS
（2）Which do the scientists think is the best way to learn more about space?
A. To live on the earth.
B. To watch the ISS flying over the earth.
C. To live on the ISS.
D. To make life on the earth better.
（3）China sent some rice up to the ISS to .
A. be used as astronauts' food
B. sell it to aliens
C. do some science experiments
D. make it grow better in space
（4）From the passage we know that .
A. 16 countries are members of the space program
B. people can see the International Space Station with their eyes whenever they want
C. building the ISS is only for scientists to live there
D. scientists can do anything they like on the ISS now
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【解析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了国际空间站是最大的人造卫星。

有十六个国家是太空项目的成员，国际空间站是最昂贵的程序。

数十亿美元每年花在它上，它会帮助我们更好地了解人体，空间探索和研究地球等。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第一段第一行最后一句They are man-made satellites. And the biggest of all is the International Space Station （ISS）.可知，最大的人造卫星是国际空间站，故选D。

（2）细节理解题。

根据第二段They think that the best way to learn more about space is to live there.可知，最好的了解太空的方式是住在那里，故选C。

（3）细节理解题。

根据最后一句China sent some rice up to the ISS to find out what space would do to it.可知，是为了做一些实验，故选C。

（4）细节理解题。

根据最后一段Sixteen countries are part of the space program. 可知，16个国家是太空计划的成员，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文主要考查细节理解题，首先仔细阅读文后的问题，弄清问题的大意；然后带着问题阅读短文，抓住关键信息，选择正确答案。

13．阅读理解
The film Forever Enthralled was directed by the director（导演）Chen Kaige, and famous stars
acted in it, such asZhang Ziyi and Chen Hong. This film shows Mei Lanfang's life.
Mei, a master of Beijing opera, grew up in a family of Beijing opera performers. He began to perform on the stage（舞台）in 1904 when he was 10 years old. He learnt his acting skills and played female roles and became highly good at singing, dancing and acting. He turned himself into a performer of almost all types of the "Dan" female roles.
In July 1937, the Japanese army occupied（占领） Beijing. The officer of the army told Mei to perform for them and promised to give him a lot of money. Mei refused to do so, and from then on, he gave up performing on stage during the war. This made him poor until the war ended in 1945.
After 1949, he made the Dan have an important place in Beijing opera through many years of hard working. In his 50-year stage life, he used new acting skills and made lots of good operas. So he became the symbol of Beijing opera.
（1）The movie Forever Enthralled shows the life of_________ .
A. a famous actress
B. a film director
C. an unknown film star
D. a master of Beijing opera
（2）During the war, Mei refused to appear on stage because he _______.
A. had a lot of other things to do
B. did not like to perform Beijing opera
C. had enough money to live a good life
D. hated performing for the Japanese army
（3）How does the writer mainly introduce Mei's life in the passage?
A. By presenting several facts.
B. By discussing a point of view.
C. By using a timeline of events.
D. By listing a group of examples.
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）C
【解析】【分析】主要讲了梅兰芳的京剧生活。

（1）细节题，根据Mei, a master of Beijing opera, grew up in a family of Beijing opera performers.可知梅兰芳是京剧的大师，故选D。

（2）细节题。

根据In July 1937, the Japanese army occupied（占领） Beijing. The officer of the army told Mei to perform for them and promised to give him a lot of money. Mei refused to do so可知日本军队占领北京、日本人让梅兰芳给他们表演，梅兰芳拒绝了，故选D。

（3）细节题。

根据He began to perform on the stage（舞台）in 1904.In July 1937, the Japanese army occupied（占领） Beijing.This made him poor until the war ended in 1945.After 1949, he made the Dan have an important place in Beijing opera through many years of hard working.可知是按照时间先后顺序介绍的，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

14．阅读下面的材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

In every country, there are thousands of people who want to help out. Many join organizations run （管理）by their governments, for example, the Peace Corps in the United States and Voluntary Service Overseas in Britain. Since the powerful （猛烈的） earthquake took place in Sichuan, more than 200 thousand volunteers across China have been helping there! They do all kinds of work or come up with ways to help improve life. Some offer their professional skills for free. Others have no qualifications （资历）, but they love to work hard to help.
One of the most famous volunteers in the world was Mother Teresa. She could be the best volunteer because she gave her life to helping the poorest people of Calcutta. She helped the homeless, cared for the sick, gave out food, and became the mother of those without families.
Now more and more teenagers actively look for volunteering opportunities, too. They volunteer because they think it will be fun or they will learn something. They also like the idea of being helpful to others, even if it is just handing out books for the teacher. As they get older, these reasons are still the same, but there are other important reasons for volunteering such as learning on-the-job, getting work experience, and improving their social life.
All volunteers bring joy to the people they help in so many ways. They might read books to the blind, fix up broken homes, find ways to get water for villages, Could you be a volunteer? What kind of volunteer work could you do? There is someone in the world who needs you.
（1）The Peace Corps is ________ in the United States.
A. a city
B. an organization
C. a volunteer
D. a school
（2）The underlined word "those" in the passage means "________".
A. the homeless
B. the sick
C. the poor
D. the kids
（3）What is NOT the reason for teenagers to be volunteers according to the passage?
A. They want to make more friends.
B. They want to be helpful.
C. It helps them get work experience.
D. It can improve their social life.
（4）What is the main idea of this passage?
A. The world needs volunteers.
B. Mother Teresa was a great volunteer.
C. Volunteers do all kinds of work.
D. There are different ways of volunteering.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）A
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了在每个国家，有成千上万的人需要帮助，世界需要志愿者。

现在越来越多的青少年积极寻找志愿服务机会。

他们做志愿者，因为他们认为这会很有趣，或者他们会学到一些东西。

（1）推理题。

根据第一段前两句In every country, there are thousands of people who want to help out. Many join organizations run （管理） by their governments, for example, the Peace Corps in the United States and Voluntary Service Overseas in Britain.可推知，the Peace Corps是美国的一个组织机构。

故选B。

（2）词义猜测题。

根据本句the mother of those without families.她帮助无家可归的人，照顾病人，分发食物，成为那些没有家人孩子的母亲，可知those指代“无家可归的孩子”。

故选D。

（3）细节题。

根据第三段最后一句but there are other important reasons for volunteering such as learning on-the-job, getting work experience, and improving their social life.可知，文中未提到“想交更多的朋友”这一原因，故选A。

（4）主旨题。

根据文章大意可知，本文主要讲述了世界上有很多人需要帮助，现在越来越多青年参与志愿活动，所以“The world needs volunteers.世界需要志愿者”最符合文意。

故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

15．阅读理解
Mary complained to her father about how hard she thought life was. She didn't know how to make it and wanted to give up.
Mary's father took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and put each on a big fire. Soon the pots started to boil（沸腾）. In one he put carrots, in the second he put eggs, and in the last he put coffee powder. He watched them boil, without saying a word.
Mary waited, wondering what he was doing. In about twenty minutes he turned off the fire. He took the carrots and eggs out and put them on different plates. Then he poured the coffee in a cup. He asked, "Mary, what do you see?"
He asked Mary to touch the carrots. She found that they were soft. He then asked her to take an egg and break it. She saw a hard-boiled egg after taking off the shell. Finally, he asked her to taste the coffee. Its rich smell brought a smile to her face.
Each of them had the same trouble, but each reacted differently. The carrot was strong and hard at first, but it became soft and weak. The egg was weak, too. But after going through the boiling water, its inside became hard. The coffee powder changed the water, and created something new. "Which one is you?" he asked Mary. "When trouble comes to you, are you a carrot, an egg, or the coffee powder?"
（1）Mary complained to her father about .
A. how sad her school life was
B. how bad the weather was recently
C. how hard she thought life was
D. how unlucky she was recently
（2）What's the meaning of the underlined word "rich" in Paragraph 4?
A. Having a lot of money.
B. Strong and pleasant.
C. Containing a lot of something.
D. Full of interesting or important facts.
（3）Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The coffee powder changed the water into coffee.
B. The hard-boiled egg used to be hard inside.
C. The boiling water is the same challenge for the three.
D. After going through the boiling water, the carrots became soft.
（4）What does Mary's father want to tell her the most?
A. Hard carrots turn soft in boiling water.
B. Learn from the hard-boiled egg when facing trouble.
C. Always ask for help when you don't know what to do.
D. If you can't change the situation，change yourself.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】短文大意；玛丽向父亲埋怨生活的艰辛，后来父亲在她面前做了一个实验，告诉玛丽，如果改变不了困境，就尝试改变自己的心态。

（1）细节题。

根据文章提到的Mary complained to her father about how hard she thought life was可知，玛丽向父亲抱怨她的生活有多艰难，故选C。

（2）推断题。

根据后文提到brought a smile to her face可知，这种味道很强并且甜美，故选B。

（3）推断题。

根据文章提到的She saw a hard-boiled egg after taking off the shell可知，过去，鸡蛋里面不硬，故选B。

（4）主旨题。

根据文章提到"When trouble comes to you, are you a carrot, an egg, or the coffee powder可知，当困难来临的时候，我们如果不能改变困难处境，就只能改变我们自己，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

16．阅读理解
Thousands of years ago, people couldn't live for long. Most people only lived to be twenty-five or thirty years old. 20% of people died before they were twelvemonths old and another 30% could not live to be five years old.
Today, people can live much longer. One reason is that the water we drink is cleaner. Clean water does not cause diseases（疾病）. Besides, medical treatment is better today. More and more people live to be over eighty.
Women often live longer than men. For example, in Japan, women usually can live to be eighty-five, but men can only live to be eighty.
In the future, people will probably live longer than today. Here are many things we can do to
help people live longer. For example, we can make sure that everyone has enough medicine to fight against diseases. Also, it is necessary for everyone to have enough to eat. Today many people die because they do not have enough food.
（1）Thousands of years ago, of people couldn't live to be 5 years old.
A. 20%
B. 30%
C. 50%
D. 80%
（2）Why can people live much longer today according to the passage?
A. We drink cleaner water and eat better food.
B. We eat better food and get better medical treatment.
C. We get better medical treatment and do enough exercise.
D. We drink cleaner water and get better medical treatment.
（3）From paragraph 3，we can know that .
A. women often live longer than men
B. all Japanese women can live to be eighty-five
C. most men can live longer than women
D. husbands often live longer than their wives
（4）What can we know from the passage?
A. People will live longer and longer if they get enough food to eat.
B. Enough medicine can help people fight against diseases.
C. People won't get enough food in the future.
D. Everyone can get good medical treatment now.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了随着人类生活水平和医疗水平的进步，人们会更长寿。

（1）细节题。

根据 20% of people died before they were twelvemonths old and another 30% could not live to be five years old，可知几千年前，50%的人不能活到5岁，故选C。

（2）细节题。

根据 One reason is that the water we drink is cleaner和 medical treatment is better today，可知我们喝更清洁的水，得到更好的医疗护理使得今天人们能活得更长，故选D。

（3）细节题。

根据Women often live longer than men 可知女人往往比男人长寿，故选A。

（4）推理题。

根据we can make sure that everyone has enough medicine to fight against diseases 可知足够的药物可以帮助人们对抗疾病，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。