新教材2023年高中英语Unit1SectionⅡ 课件新人教版选择性必修第四册

3．“半系动词＋形容词”结构，look，smell, taste, sound, feel， prove，turn out等。
The food in this restaurant tastes good. 这家餐馆的饭菜味道很好。 The news turned out (to be) true. 这消息原来是真的。
shall /will be done
should/would be done
进行时态 am/is/are being done was/were being done
无
无
完成时态 has/have been done
had been done shall/will have
been done should/would have been done
He was very interested in science. 他对科学有极大的兴趣。(系表结构) I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn’t know what to do. 我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。(被动语态)
单句语法填空 ①I was pleased __t_o_h_e_a_r__(hear) you’ve been promoted. ②He was pleased __b_y__ his teacher’s praise. ③I was quite surprised __w__it_h__ the significance of the findings. ④Everyone was surprised __b_y__ the speed with which the dispute was settled.
二、被动语态常用于以下两种情况： 1．不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行 者。 Rice is grown in the south of China. 中国南方种植水稻。 2．强调动作的承受者。 The tree was broken by that boy. 这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
③By last December three ships __h_a_d__b_e_e_n_b_u_i_lt__ by them. 到去年十二月他们已建造了三艘船。 ④I have some clothes __to__w_a_s_h__. 我有一些衣服要洗。 ⑤Your idea __p_r_o_v_e_d_t_o_b_e__ wrong. 你的想法证实是错的。
完成句子 ①A person who is truly honest ___is__c_al_l_ed___ a straight arrow. 直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。 ②You __w_i_ll_b_e__a_s_k_ed___ a lot of strange questions by them. 他们将问你许多奇怪的问题。
一、各种时态的被动结构 一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时 和过去完成时的被动结构是考查重点。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变 化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。以do为 例：
现在 过去
将来
过去 将来
一般时态 am/is/are done was/were done
单句语法填空 ①He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he __w_a_s_b_e_i_n_g_ __f_o_ll_o_w_e_d___(follow). ②They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals _w_i_l_l _h_av_e__b_e_e_n_ __i_n_st_a_ll_e_d__ (install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics. ③Amy, as well as her brothers, _w__a_s_g_i_v_en___(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
Who has broken the cup? 谁打碎了杯子？ →By whom has the cup been broken? 杯子被谁打碎了？
完成句子 ①My English name is Walter. It __w_a_s__g_iv_e_n__b_y_m__y_E_n_g_l_is_h__p_ro_f_e_s_s_o_r _ when I was at the university. 我的英文名是Walter，它是我上大学时我的英语教授取的。 ②Her money __h_as__b_e_en__r_u_n_o_u_t_o_f__ and her patience is also running out. 她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也要耗尽了。 ③_I__w_a_s_m__a_d_e_t_o_c_r_y_ by the moving movie. 我被这部感人的电影弄哭了。
三、将主动语态变为被动语态应注意的几种情况 1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法： (1)间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变； (2)直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
He told us a story. 他给我们讲故事。 →We were told a story by him. 我们听(他讲)故事。 →A story was told to us by him. 故事由他给我们讲。
Everyone’s pay will be increased next year by 5%. 明年每人的工资将增加五个百分点。
It was the first time that I had been criticized in public. 那是我第一次在公众场合挨批。 The work will have been finished by the end of next month. 到下月底前这项工作将会完成。 The house is quite old. It was built in 1950． 这座房子很古老了。它是1950年建造的。
四、被动语态和过去分词作表语 1．意义差别：被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或事物 的特征及状态。 The window is broken. 窗子破了。 The window is broken by him. 窗子被他打破了。
2．用法差别：过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征，可以被 so， very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而 需用 much，very much，so much, too much修饰。
⑥The book ___se_l_ls___ quickly. 书销售得快。 ⑦Will more gas _b_e__n_e_e_d_ed___? 需要更多的煤气吗？ ⑧The music isn’t pleasant ___to__li_s_te_n_t_o___. 这音乐不好听。
语法专题练习 Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．They are going __t_o_b_e__s_en_t__(send) to work in Tibet for two years. 2．—Do you have any problems if you ___a_re__o_ff_e_re_d___(offer) this job? —Well，I’m thinking about the salary. 3．Though we don’t know what was being discussed，yet we can feel the topic __h_a_s__b_ee_n__c_h_a_n_g_e_d_(change).
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
单元语法精析
被动语态
英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语 是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。汉语中常用 “被”“给”“由”“受”等词来表示被动，而英语中由“be＋及物动 词的过去分词”构成。
2 ． 在 某 些 形 容 词 (hard ， difficult ， easy, heavy ， fit, good ， comfortable，convenient，impossible, cheap, expensive等)后的不定式用主 动形式表被动。
English is easy to learn. 英语很容易学。 The box is heavy to carry. 这箱子重得搬不动。
(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)The elderly residents(居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
位于伦敦养老院的老年居民正在给母鸡提供照顾，以防止他们感到 孤独。
六、有些及物动词或短语不用于被动语态。 如：fit, have，marry, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。
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4．need, want, require, deserve，be worth 后面接动词的-ing形式，主 动表被动。
The novel is worth reading. 这本小说值得一读。 The old house requires repairing. 这所旧房子需要修理。
单句语法填空 ①This kind of knife __c_u_t_s__(cut) well. ②Your writing is really difficult __to__r_e_ad___(read). ③That __s_o_u_n_d_s__(sound) great. Deal me in! ④All the old carpets need __r_ep_l_a_c_in_g_/_to__b_e_r_e_p_la_c_e_d___(replace).
Someone saw him swim in the lake yesterday. 昨天有人看见他在湖里游泳。 →He was seen to swim in the lake yesterday. 昨天他被看见在湖里游泳。
4 ． 特 殊 疑 问 句 转 换 成 被 动 句 时 要 注 意 词 序 ： 一 般 用 “By ＋ 疑 问 词”开头。
2．动词短语视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。 She will take good care of the children. 她将会好好照顾孩子们。 →The children will be taken good care of by her. 孩子们将由她来好好照顾。
3．复合宾语通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为 主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to必 须补上。
五、常见主动表被动的情况 1．有些动词(cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等) 常用主动形式表被动。 This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔写起来很流畅。 This car sells well. 这车很畅销。