2011级大学英语C——试题册(非艺术学生版)

科文学院2011级大学英语C 期末复习题集（非艺术类）Time and tide wait for no man.大学英语教研室2012年12月Part I Reading comprehensionPassage 1When it comes to health, the poor are doubly cursed. Not only are they more prone to deadly infectious diseases than the rich, but they have far less access to the means of improvement. Twenty years ago, Paul Farmer, an American doctor and anthropologist(人类学者), set out to do something about this. Amid the political turmoil(混乱)and poverty of rural Haiti, he created a community based health care system called Zanmi Lasante, or Partners in Health. It not only delivers appropriate, affordable medical treatment to thousands of poor people, but goes beyond the clinic to address the social causes making them sick and keeping them from getting better.As Dr. Farmer argues, improving the health of the poor is not just a medical challenge, but a question of human rights. Tackling the inequality, racism, sexism and other forms of ―structural violence‖ which oppress the poor is as critical as extending the drugs. Or as his Haiti patients put it, medicine without food is like washing one’s hands and drying them in the dirt.Unfortunately, Dr. Farmer’s powerful message is often weakened by his book’s academic tone. It does, however, scream out in passages describing the human face of ―structural violence‖. It is these personal stories that make Dr. Farmer’s anger at such ―st upid deaths‖ so compelling.The good doctor’s motives and methods are better described in Mountains Beyond Mountains. This biography by Tracy Kidder traces Dr. Farmer from his unconventional upbringing and unusual education, shuttling (来回穿梭于) between the shacks of central Haiti and the halls of Harvard Medical School, to his later work around the world. Though well w ritten, Mr. Kidder’s book also makes for uncomfortable reading. The author is clearly close to his subject, having traveled with Dr. Farmer from the green poverty of Haiti to the tubercular whiteness of Russia. Too close, perhaps. The biographer seems to b e seeking his subject’s approval, rather than the other way round. Mr. Kidder writes, rather disturbingly, about his fear of disappointing Dr. Farmer, his own pain at wounding him with a critical remark and his relief at the doctor’s forgiveness.When Mr. Kidder’s health falls, this dependence becomes all the more intense. But rather than compromise the book’s equity(公正), this intimacy serves to highlight Dr. Farmer’s admirable, yet ultimately irritating, character. As Mr. Kidder observes, ―Farme r wasn’t put on earth to make anyone feel comfortable, except those lucky enough to be his patients or those unlucky enough to need him.‖1. What makes the ―Partners in Health‖ system unique compared with traditional hospitals?A) It makes attempts to help the poor on a social level.B) It is aimed at treating poor people for free.C) It is designed to help the poor rise from poverty.D) It offers community help to those who are poor.2. What can be inferred from the last sentence of the second paragraph?A) Hands should not be dried in the dirt after washing.B) Medicine is also needed for cleaning hands.C) Medicine is not a long term cure to their poor health.D) Food can cure their disease better than any medicine.3. The disadvantage of Dr. Farmer’s book seems to be that_________.A) the plots in the book are not attractive enoughB) the way he tells the stories is not compelling enoughC) the anger he expresses at "stupid deaths" is too strongD) the tone is not strong enough to arouse people's attention4. Mr. Kidder’s book also makes for uncomfortable reading because _________ .A) Mr. Kidder himself has never been involved in Dr. Farmer’s lifeB) Mr. Kidder is afraid of making true comments on Dr. FarmerC) Mr. Kidder’s emotions prevent him from independent writingD) Mr. Kidder is always waiting for Dr. Farmer’s forgiveness5. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _________ .A) Dr. Farmer only helped those who are lucky enoughB) Dr. Farmer may have severely criticized the societyC) Dr. Farmer was not actually making his patients comfortableD) Dr. Farmer's job is not to make people comfortablePassage 2Many visitors finds the fast pace at which American people move very troubling. One's first impression is likely to be that everyone is in a rush .City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going and are very impatient if they are delayed even for a brief moment.At first, this may seem unfriendly to you. But drivers will rush you; storekeepers will be in a hurry as they serve you; people will push past you as they walk along the street. You will miss smiles, brief conversations with people as you shop or dine away from home. Do not think that because Americans are in such a hurry they are unfriendly. Often, life is much slower outside the big cities, as is true in other countries as well.Americans who live in cities such as New York, Chicago, or Los Angeles, often think that everyone is equally in a hurry to get things done; they expect others to "push back", just as city people do in Tokyo, Singapore or Paris, for example . But when they discover that you are a stranger, most Americans become quite kindly and will take great care to help you. Many of them first came to the city as strangers and they remember how frightening a new city can be .If you need help or want to ask a question , choose a friendly looking person and say," I am a stranger here. Can you help me?"Most people will stop, smile at you, and help you find you way or answer your questions. But you must let them know that you need help. Otherwise they are likely to pass you by, not noticing that you are new to the city and in need of help. Occasionally, you may find someone too busy or perhaps too rushed to give you aid. If this happens, do not be discouraged; just ask someone else. Most Americans enjoy helping a stranger.1. Many people who first visit the United States will find that _______.A) America is a highly developed countryB) American city people seem to be always in a rushC) the fast pace in American life often causes much troubleD) Americans are impatient and unfriendly people2.When the author says " You will miss smile ", he means ___________.A) you will fail to notice that Americans are pleasant and happyB) you will be puzzled why Americans do not smile at youC) you will feel that Americans do not seem very friendlyD) you will find that Americans don't have much sense of humor3. In the author's opinion, ___________.A) it is true that life in New York is much faster than that in any other cityB) people living outside big cities are lazy and miserableC) most American people enjoy living in the suburbs of big citiesD) those who are busy are not necessarily unfriendly4. The author mentions big cities such as Tokyo, Singapore and Paris ___________.A) to show that city people all over the world have a lot in commonB) to let his readers be aware that they are some of the world's biggest citiesC) to illustrate their difference from American citiesD) because they are some of the cities that attract visitors most5. If you say to an American that you are a stranger there, most probably be will _________.A) offer his help B) stop smiling at youC) help you find the way D) reply that he is pleased to meet youPassage 3The thousands of people forced to abandon their homes in recent weeks to floodwaters are victims not just of nature but of human error as well. Years of mismanagement of the vast Mississippi River ecosystem --- the continuous and often inadvisable construction of levees (堤坝) and navigation (导航) channels, the paving over of wetlands, the commercial development of flood plains --- have made the damage worse than it might otherwise have been.The Obama administration is now completing an inspection of the guidelines governing dams, levees and other water-related projects built with federal money.Historically, projects had been shaped by two main factors: the Army Corps of Engineers’ conviction that nature can be subdued by levees and dams, and its reflexive green-lighting of any flood control project that encouraged commercial or agricultural development. The new rules, Congress said, should require the Corps and other federal agencies to give equal weight to less easily measurable benefits like wildlife habitat and to ―nonstructural‖ solutions to flood control like preserving wetlands, flood plains and other ―natural systems.‖To give the Corps its due, it has performed nobly in the present emergency. Its main-stem levees have held. Its decision to blow holes in levees guarding the New Madrid floodway in Missouri clearly saved Cairo, Illinois, and other places downstream. These methods had long been part of Corps emergency plans, and they worked.The question the environmental community and many in Congress are asking is whether this would have been necessary if the river had been better managed. In populated areas, some levees were built solely to attract more development, while others closed off flood plains that could have acted as a natural safety valve.Meanwhile, over the years, the upper Mississippi watershed has lost millions of acres of wetlands that could have served as a natural sponge for floodwaters.So-called 100-year floods seemed to be hitting the Mississippi with scary regularity --- a $16 billion flood in 1993, a bad one in 2001, another in 2008, and now this one. Climate change, which some suspect of causing violent downpours, may be part of the problem, though the connection is unclear. What is clear is that we should learn from our mistake, let nature help out where it can, and not build or farm in places where it makes no sense to do so. As the saying goes, nobody ever beats the river.1. Why have the levees, navigation channels, etc. made the situation worse?A) Because the development of them only emphasizes economic benefits.B) Because the design and construction of them are unrealistic.C) Because they haven’t met the actual demand of people nearby.D) Because they are a wrong management of the ecosystem.2. What is the Congress’s suggestion to the Corps and federal agencies?A) They should pay equal attention to nature and its function.B) They should encourage commercial and agricultural development.C) They should replace their projects with ―nonstructural‖ solutions.D) They should give wildlife habitat more attention and protection.3. What is the author’s assessment of the Corps?A) It has done nothing useful in flood control.B) It has caused great damage to ecosystem.C) It has played an important role in emergency.D) It has justified its projects effectively.4. What function are flood plains supposed to fulfill?A) Expanding populated areas. B) Acting as a natural safety valve.C) Attracting more development. D) Closing off some levees.5. What can we learn from the last paragraph about climate change?A) It has nothing to do with the violent downpours and floods.B) It is the main cause of the violent downpours and floods.C) It has been proved to be related to violent downpours and floods.D) It may be part of the reason causing violent downpours and floods.Passage 4No one knows for sure why birds migrate. One theory of migration says that ancient birds of the northern part of the earth were forced southward during the ice age, when ice covered large parts of Europe，Asia and north America. as the ice melted，the birds came back to their homelands, spent the summer, and then went south again in winter. Gradually, these comings and goings became habits, and birds now migrate though much of the ice has gone.Another theory proposes that the ancient home of all modern birds was the tropic areas. There they lived so well that the region became overcrowded. Many species had to move northward. During the summer，these birds found plenty of room and food. In winter，however，food became scarce and they had to return to the south.A newer theory is that increasing daylight stimulates certain glands(腺) in the bird's body and prepares it for migration. One scientist is able to make birds migrate in midwinter by exposing them for two months to artificial daylight. Recoveries of marked birds indicate that they fly north as soon as they are set free. The conclusion is that the urge to migrate is determined by changes in the bi rd’s body which take place under seasonal changes in the length of daylight.This theory would account for the fact that not all birds migrate at the same time. Each species seems to have its own schedule. The theory would also account for the regular time and routes of migration. Birds arrive at a given place year after year. Unfavorable weather delays them only a few days. Total hours of daylight，rather than weather，start them on the way.How birds find their way to the same place year after year and why they follow their own particular route are still mysteries. They evidently do not follow known landmarks，for many young birds migrate alone without the help of experienced adults.1. We can conclude from the first paragraph that ______.A) during the ice age, the whole Europe was covered with iceB) the south used to be the homelands of all birdsC) scientists can confidently explain why birds migrate nowD) migration of birds can be explained by the change of ice on earth.2. The birds mentioned in the third paragraph fly north in midwinter because ______.A) they are specially trained by a scientist B) they are affected by seasonal changesC) there is a change in their body temperature D) they are exposed to extra daylight3. The phrase ―account for‖(line 2，Para. 4) most probably means ______.A) indicate B) explain C) prove D) provide4. Which of the following can not be inferred from the passage？A) birds do not migrate at the same time.B) birds usually follow regular routes of migration.C) each species has a special reason for migration.D) birds migrate to their own particular places every year.5. The best title for the passage is ______.A) different accounts of migration B) migration and weatherC) new discovery of bird migration D) routes of bird migrationPassage 5Art is considered by many people to be little more than a decorative means of giving pleasure. This is notalways the case, however; at times, art may be seen to have a purely functional side as well. Such could be said of the sand-paintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these have a medical as well as an artistic purpose.According to Navaho traditions, one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in some way disturbed or come in contact with the supernatural(超自然的)—perhaps a certain animal, a ghost, or the dead. To counteract this evil contact, the ill person or one of his relatives will employ a medicine man called a ―singer‖ to perform a healing ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being. During the ceremony, which may last from 2 to 9 days, the ―singer‖ will produce a sand painting on the floor of the Navaho house. On the last day of the ceremony, the patient will sit on this sand painting and the ―singer‖ will rub the sick parts of the patien t’s body with sand. In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes strong like it. After the ceremony, the sand painting is then destroyed so its power will not harm anyone.The art of sand painting is ha nded down from old ―singer s‖ to their students. The material s used are easily found in the areas the Navaho inhabit: brown, red, yellow, and white sandstone, which is ground into powder by being crushed between 2 stones much as corn is ground into flour. T he ―singer‖ holds a small amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his thumb and forefinger onto a clean, flat surface on the floor. With a steady hand and great patience, he is thus able to create designs of people, snakes and other creatures that have power in Navaho belief system.1. Which of the following refers to the same thing as ―decorative‖ in Para.1?A) Functional. B) Medicinal. C) Artistic. D) Pure.2. According to the Navaho traditions, one is ill because he has met with ________.A) something with supernatural powers B) a dead goatC) any animal D) too many dead people3. How can a sick person recover from his illness according to the passage?A) He must avoid the evil contact.B) He needs help from another powerful supernatural being.C) He must draw a sand painting.D) He must sing at a ceremony.4. The reason for the san painting to be destroyed after the ceremony is ________.A) not to allow others to use it freely B) to harm the patientC) not to harm others D) to protect the patient5. Which of the following is TRUE of the designs of people created by the ―singer‖?A) They are sand paintings. B) They attract supernatural beings.C) They have healing powers. D) All of the above.Passage 6We may all like to consider ourselves free spirits. But a study of the traces left by 50,000 cell phone users over three months has conclusively proved that the truth is otherwise.―We are all in one way or another boring,‖ says Albert-Laszlo Barabasi at the Center for Complex Network Research at Northeastern University in Boston, who co-wrote the study. ―Spontaneous individuals are largely absent from the population.‖.Barabasi and colleagues used three months’ worth of data from a cell phone network to track the cell phone towers each person's phone connected to each hour of the day, revealing their approximate location. They conclude that regardless of whether a person typically remains close to home or roams far and wide, their movements are theoretically predictable as much as 93 per cent of the time.Surprisingly, the cell phone data showed that individuals’movements were more or less as predictable at weekends as on weekdays, suggesting that routine is rooted in human nature rather than being an effect of work patterns.The cell phone records were processed to identify the most visited locations for each user. Then the probability of finding a given user at his or her most visited location at each hour through the day was calculated.People were to be found in their most visited locations for any given hour 70 per cent of the time. Not surprisingly, the figure increased at night, and decreased at lunchtime and in the early evening, when most people were returning home from work.The team analyzed the randomness（随意性）of people’s traces to show it was theoretically possible to predict the average person’s whereabouts as much as 93 per cent of the time.― Say your routine movement is from home to the coffee shop to work: if you are at home and then go to the coffee shop it’s easy for me to predict that you are going to work,‖ says co-author Nicholas Blumm.This predictability was not much affected by differences in age, gender, language spoken or whether a person lived in a rural or urban setting.1. The ―spontaneous individuals‖ are most probably people who _____.A）rely much on a cell phone in life B）can live without a cell phoneC）act without much restraint D）are boring in some way2. A phone user’s location is shown by _______.A）which cell phone tower he is connected to B）which cell phone network he is connected toC）how often he uses the phone every day D）the content of his every phone call3. What did the cell phone data show about ―routine‖?A) One’s routine affects his work pattern. B) Our routine affects our human nature.C) One’s work pattern determines his routine. D) Our human nature determines our routine.4. According to the sixth paragraph, a person is more likely to ______ at night than in the early evening.A)be found at home B）return home from workC）go to his most visited place D）take home as his most visited place5. What is that passage mainly about?A) The new application of cell phones.B）The predictability of one’s routine.C) The influence of cell phones on one’s routine.D) The factors that help determine one’s routine.Passage 7After inventing dynamite, Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man. However, he foresaw its universally destructive powers too late.Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine, and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first award ceremony.Nobel's original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is used for the awards which vary from $30,000 to $125,000.Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death, the awards (gold medal, illuminated diploma, and money) are presented to the winners. Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judge' decision. Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes. No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War II. Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare; others have shared prizes.1. When did the first award ceremony take place?A) 1895 B) 1901 C) 1962 D) 19682. Why was the Nobel Prize established?A) To recognize worthwhile contributions to humanity.B) To resolve political differences.C) To honor the inventor of dynamite.D) To spend money3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A) Awards vary in monetary value.B) Ceremonies are held on December 10 to commemorate Nobel's invention.C) Politics can play an important role in selecting the winners.D) A few individuals have won two awards.4. In which area have Americans received the most awards?A) literature B) peace C) economics D) science5. In how many fields are prizes bestowed（授予）?A) 2 B) 5 C) 6 D) 10Passage 8Earlier this year I met with a group of women in Matela, a small farming village in Tanzania, and we discussed something that's been on all of our minds lately: finding a safe place to save money. The women said their babies were getting sick from malaria(疟疾), and they could afford the drugs if they saved money over time---but with no access to formal savings accounts, they had a hard time safeguarding cash. So they saved in risky and inefficient ways. They made loans to each other, or bought goats or jewelry, then sold them if they suddenly needed money.The success of microloans has opened new opportunities for many poor people and has been a crucial factor in reducing poverty. But loans are not enough. Savings accounts could help people in the developing world with unexpected events, accumulate money to invest in education, increase their productivity and income, and build their financial security. Fortunately, this is a moment of opportunity. New policy ideas are uniting in ways that will lower the cost of savings and bring safe financial services to the doorsteps of the poor.One exciting trend is agent banking, in which stores and post offices serve as banking outlets. Banks still manage and guarantee the deposits, but they rely on the infrastructure (基础设施) of other outlets to deal with clients where there are no bank branches．The phenomenal growth of mobile phones in the developing world presents another opportunity．M-Pesa，the mobile-phone cash-transfer service in Kenya，has signed up more than 5 million subscribers in two years and recently expanded to Tanzania．This new idea is opening markets and transforming lives．A split-second M-Pesa transaction costs as little as 30 cents and replaces a day of risk and expense just to send someone money or carry earnings home．．At the Gates Foundation，it has been committed more than $350 million to make financial services widely accessible to the poor because safe places to save can help break the cycle of poverty．If action is taken on this moment，then within a generation，billions of people will have the chance to build up their savings and live the healthy，productive lives that they deserve．1. According to the first paragraph，people in Matela are most likely to expect that ．A) they can afford the cure for malaria B) they can save their cash efficientlyC) they can live safely in the village D) their can get rid of poverty soon2. What can help the poor build financial security?A) Getting microloans．B) Lower cost of savings．C) Chances for education．D) Savings services．3. What is the role of post offices in“agent banking”?A)They are subordinate to banks．B)They are cooperative with banks．C)They are taking the place of banks．D)They are being changed into banks．4. Compared with agent banking，M-Pesa most probably ．A) is less practical for poor people B) is more popular among clientsC) costs less except transaction fees D) provides safer savings accounts5. Gates Foundation intends to make financial services ．A) affordable B) widely recognized C) influential D) easily obtainedPassage 9The market is a concept. If you are growing tomatoes in your backyard for sale you are producing for the market. You might sell some to your neighbor and some to the manager of the local supermarket. But in either case, you are producing for the market. Your efforts are being directed by the market. If people stop buying tomatoes, you will stop producing them.If you take care of a sick person to earn money, you are producing for the market. If your father is a steelworker or a truck driver or a doctor or a grocer, he is producing goods or service for the market.When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market. You may spend money in stores, supermarkets, gas stations, and restaurants.Still you are buying from the market. When the local grocer hires you to drive the delivery truck, he is buying your labor in the labor market.The marker may seem to be something abstract. But for each person or business who is making and selling something, it's very real. If nobody buys your tomatoes, it won't be long before you get the message. The market is telling you something. It's telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing something the market doesn't want you do.1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A) Selling and Buying B) What Is the MarketC) Everything You Do Is Producing for the Market D) What the Market Can Do for You?2. All of the following acts are producing for the market except _________.A) working in a bank B) printing a bookC) attending a night school D) growing beans for sale3. You are buying from the market when you ________.A) borrow a book from the library. B) look after your childrenC) drive to the seaside for a holiday D) dine at a restaurant4. The word "real" in the last paragraph may most probably mean ______.A) serious B) true C) important D) concrete5. In what way is the market very real for each person or business who is making and selling something?A) It tells you what to produce. B) It tells you how to grow tomatoes.C) It provides you with everything you need. D) It helps you save money.Passage 10Marriage and divorce are life-changing events, the effects of which are evident in innumerable ways.Both marriage and divorce appear to lead to weight gain among couples, but each occasion affects men and women differently. Researchers from Ohio State University found that women tended to gain more weight than men after marriage, while after a divorce, men’s girth (腰围) expanded more than women’s.Previous studies of weight gain have looked at average gains and losses, but Prof. Zhenchao Qian and his student Dmotry Tumin decided to break down the weight effects by gender to better understand whether marital (婚姻的) transitions affected men differently than women.The researchers looked at survey data from a nationally representative sample of more than 10000 men and women who were 14 to 22 years old when the survey began in 1979. The participants were questioned every year until 1994, and then every other year afterward.The scientist found interesting gender differences when they focused on the two-year mark after a marriage or divorce. Although both men and women who married tended to gain weight compared with their counterparts。