西安市高考英语一模试卷分类汇编 阅读理解(及答案) (3)

西安市高考英语一模试卷分类汇编阅读理解(及答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
At first, Michael Surrell didn't see the black smoke or flames shooting from the windows of his neighbors' home. He and his wife had just parked around the corner from their own house in Allentown, Pennsylvania, when they got a call from one of his daughters, "The house next door is on fire!" He went to investigate. That's when he saw two women and a girl hysterical (歇斯底里的)on their porch.
"The baby's in there!" one of the women cried. Though the fire department had been called, Surrell, then 64, instinctively ran inside. "The baby" was 8-year-old Tiara Roberts, the woman's granddaughter and a playmate of Surrell's three youngest kids, then 8, 10, and 12. The other two on the porch were Tiara's aunt and cousin.
Entering the burning house was like "running into a bucket of black paint," Surrell says. The thick smoke caused him to stumble blindly around, burned his eyes, and made it impossible to breathe. The conditions would have been hazardous for anyone, but for Surrell, who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (慢性阻塞性肺疾病), they were life-threatening. He was the last person who should have run into a burning building--- he has lung disease. But that didn't stop him.
After a few minutes in the smoke filled house, he retreated outside to catch his breath. "Where is Tiara?" he asked desperately." The second floor." her aunt shouted back.
Surrell knew he couldn't hold his breath for long. So he uttered a little prayer, "Well, Lord, this is it. You gotta help me, because I'm not coming out without that little girl." Taking a deep breath, he went in a second time.
The darkness was overwhelming. Yet because the house had a similar layout to his, he found the stairs and made it to the second floor. He turned to the right and was met by intense heat. He was already out of breath.
"Baby girl, where are you?" His throat and lungs burned as if he'd inhaled fire instead of the smoke and soot in the air. Every blink stung his eyes. All he could hear was the crackling and popping of burning wood. ①.Still unable to see, Surrell fell to his knees on the hot wood floor. He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the girl. An ominous thought crossed his mind: I'm probably gonna die up here.
Finally he touched something. A shoe, then an ankle. He pulled Tiara toward him. ②Her body was limp and she wasn't breathing. He scooped her into his arms and stood. He felt the heat of the flames on his cheeks. Turning, he fought through the smoke and ran blindly into the blackness. The next thing he knew, he was at the front door, then outside. Surrell put Tiara down on the porch.
③. A voice told him, "You have to breathe for her." He started CPR -the first time he'd ever done so. The women stood behind him, praying silently. Soon a soot-filled cough came from Tiara's throat. Surrell gave five more breaths. She coughed again. Her eyes flickered. He gave one final breath. She opened her eyes and took a breath on her own.
④.Their eyes met. Surrell hugged her tight and said, "Uncle's got you." Soon after, his throat closed off.
Surrell woke up in the hospital a couple of days later, having suffered severe burns to his windpipe and the upper portion of his lungs. He spent over a week in the hospital. Tiara was released from the hospital after a few days. The fire exacerbated Surrell's pulmonary condition, and he feels the effects even two years later. As a result, he takes extra medication that helps open his airways. "It's a small price to pay," he says. "I'd do it again in a heartbeat. Wouldn't give
it a second thought."
（1）Michael Surrell ran to save "the baby" mainly because______.
A.he was on the scene casually
B.he was driven by instinct
C.his daughter was in danger
D.his own house was at risk
（2）Why should Surrell be the last person to run into a burning building?
A.The fire department had been called.
B.He was 64 years old at that time.
C.The condition was life-threatening.
D.He had chronic pulmonary disease.
（3）In the course of rescue, Surrell______.
A.had to move out for breath because of smoke
B.was prevented by the overwhelming smoke
C.made it to the second floor without any trouble
D.could clearly hear the sound made by the baby
（4）Which blank could the sentence "Then a weak but distinct voice emerged" be best put in?
A.①
B.②
C.③
D.④
（5）From the last paragraph, we can learn that______. .
A.Surrell came back to life a week later
B.Tiara had to stay in hospital for weeks
C.Surrell's disease became more serious
D.Tiara needed further extra medication
（6）What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A.Breathe for Her
B.Struggle to survive
C.A small price to pay
D.A man with lung disease
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）A
（4）A
（5）C
（6）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一个患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的人不顾个人安危去邻居家着火的房子里成功救出小女孩，因此造成他肺部疾病加重，但是他对自己所做的从不后悔。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Though the fire department had been called, Surrell, then 64, instinctively ran inside.”虽然已经给消防队打电话了，但当时64岁的萨雷尔还是本能地跑了进去，可知Surrell跑进去救婴儿是因为本能驱使，这里instinctively本能地是instinct的副词形式，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“but for Surrell, who has chronicobstructive pulmonary disease （慢性阻塞性肺疾病），they were life-threatening” 但对于患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的Surrell来说，当时的火势对他来说是危及生命的，所以Surrell是最不应该冲进着火大楼的人，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“After a few minutes in the smoke filled house, he retreated outs ide to catch his breath.”在烟雾弥漫的房子里呆了几分钟后，他退到外面喘口气，可知在烟雾弥漫的房子里救人，期间Surrell不得不出来喘口气，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

第一个空前“All he could hear was the crackling and popping of burning wood.” 他只能听到燃烧木头的噼噼啪啪声，选项A“Then a weak but distinct voice emerged” 然后出现了一个微弱但清晰的声音，句子中的Then在时间上承接前一句，空格后一句“Still unable to see” 还是看不见，承接选项A“一个微弱但清晰的声音”，可以判断听到声音但还是看不见人，故选A。

（5）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“The fire exacerbated Surrell's pulmonary condition.” 大火加剧了Surrell的肺部疾病，可知Surrell的病情变得更严重了，故选C。

（6）考查主旨大意。

根据倒数第三段中的“A voice told him, ‘You have to breathe for her.’ He started CPR ... She opened her eyes and took a breath on her own.”可知，Surrell给女孩做人工呼吸，女孩最终可以自己呼吸活过来了，人能活下来要呼吸给心肺供氧，呼吸非常重要，用breathe for her做主题引申Surrell挽救了女孩的生命，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．假定你是李华,收到英国笔友George的邮件,请你介绍中国家庭聚会的情况(饮食、时间、活动等)。

请给他写一封邮件。

注意:⒈词数100左右；
⒉可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

Dear George,
Yours,
Li Hua 【答案】 Dear George,
Knowing that you're interested in what our Chinese family gatherings are like, I'm glad to introduce some of my experience with you.
We Chinese like to get together with our family very much, especially on important days such as festivals and birthdays. Most of the time, we bring gifts to the elders and the kids. Eating is one of the most necessary part of the gathering, which is usually prepared by family members together. Not only is the various food delicious but the time we spend making and enjoying it together is enjoyable. Adults chatting and children playing around, this is the typical scene of a happy family gathering.
Hope one day you can come and experience by yourself!
Yours,
Li Hua 【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份给英国笔友George写一封邮件，介绍中国家庭聚会的情况(饮食、时间、活动等)。

考生要认真阅读提示，列出提纲和要点，并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识，采用不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来。

写作时注意时态、语态的合理运用，主次分明，同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。

例如：Knowing that you're interested in what our Chinese family gatherings are like, I'm glad to introduce some of my experience with you.运用了现在分词作原因状语和宾语从句；Eating is one of the most necessary part of the gathering, which is usually prepared by family members together. 运用了非限制性定语从句；Not only is the various food delicious but the time we spend making and enjoying it together is enjoyable. 运用了倒装句，并列句和限制性定语从句；Hope one day you can come and experience by yourself!运用了祈使句和并列句。

3．阅读理解
One of my favorite hobbies is exchanging old-fashioned, paper-with-a-stamp-on-it postcards with random strangers around the world.
The Postcrossing Project was created by Paulo Magalhaes in 2005. He liked getting mails—especially postcards. He thought others did, too—but how could he connect with them? That's when he came up with the idea of an online platform (): There, postcard lovers like me can sign up to send a postcard to someone who has registered online, and receive a postcard in return.
Along with a randomly selected address, participants get a unique code to put on the postcard. When the postcard arrives, the recipient registers that code with the site, which then causes the sender's address to be given to another postcrosser in turn. In practice, this means that for nearly every postcard I send (a few get lost in the mail) I get one back. And since I never know who will send me a card or where in the world they live, every trip to the mailbox holds the potential for a
wonderful surprise.
Privacy-conscious Americans might worry about sharing their address with strangers overseas. But postcrossers are friendly, polite, respectful folks—in more than 450 cards exchanged, I've yet to have a bad experience.
On days when the international news is depressing, postcrossing is my comfort. There's nothing like getting a card from a child in China just learning to write in English, or a grandmother in Belarus describing her most recent gardening success to remind me that we truly are members of one global family, far more similar than we are different.
It seems like such a small thing to send out a postcard. But as travel and communication technology continue to shrink the world, it's important to remember that it isn't just for diplomats and politicians to represent our country anymore. All of us have the power—and perhaps the responsibility—to be ambassadors, to show the best of your country to the world.
And it's good to know that what you need to accomplish this is not necessarily complicated or expensive. It can be as simple as a postcard.
（1）Why did Paulo set up ?
A. To discuss personal hobbies with strangers.
B. To exchange postcards with others in the world
C. To collect different postcards from other countries.
D. To provide a platform for communication online.
（2）According to the passage, postcrossers __________.
A. don't know who will send them postcards
B. are sure to get a postcard back immediately
C. often choose a receiver's address carefully
D. register every postcard they receive online （3）What did the writer learn from postcrossing?
A. The international news is usually depressing.
B. Americans are more conscious about privacy.
C. Postcrossers sometimes describe their bad experience.
D. The whole world is actually a big family.
（4）What does the underlined word "this" refer to?
A. Choosing a diplomat to represent a country.
B. Having the responsibility to be an ambassador.
C. Showing the best of your country.
D. Shrinking the world with communication technology.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了网站，一个可以让世界各地的陌生人交换老式的、带有邮票的明信片的网站，由Paulo Magalhaes 在2005年创立。

文章说明了在这个网站和他人交换明信片的方式，以及作者认为这是一种能够向世界展示自己国家最好的一面的方式，而且它并不复杂也不昂贵。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“That's when he came up with the idea of an online
platform (): There, postcard lovers like me can sign up to send a postcard to someone who has registered online, and receive a postcard in return.”就在那时，他想到了一个在线平台():在那里，像我这样的明信片爱好者可以注册，向网上注册的用户发送明信片，并收到明信片作为回报。

可知保罗建立了是为了和世界上的其他人交换明信片。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“And since I never know who will send me a card or where in the world they live, every trip to the mailbox holds the potential for a wonderful surprise.”因为我不知道谁会给我寄贺卡，也不知道他们住在世界的什么地方，所以每次去邮箱都有可能带来惊喜。

可知postcrosser并不知道谁会给他们寄明信片。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第三段中的“There's nothing like getting a card from a child in China just learning to write in English, or a grandmother in Belarus describing her most recent gardening success to remind me that we truly are members of one global family, far more similar than we are different.”在中国，没有什么比收到孩子们寄来的贺卡更能提醒我，我们是同一个全球大家庭的一员，相似之处远远多于不同之处。

）可知作者从postcrossing中认识整个世界实际上是一个大家庭。

故选D。

（4）考查代词指代。

根据倒数第二段中的“All of us have the power—and perhaps the responsibility—to be ambassadors, to show th e best of your country to the world.”我们所有人都有能力——或许也有责任——成为大使，向世界展示你们国家最好的一面。

可知要向世界展示自己国家最好的一面，你需要做的并不复杂也不昂贵。

故this指代“展示你国家最好的一面。

”故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和代词指代两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
Sales of Apple's new iPhone 11 in China began on Friday, but were met with a cooler reception from consumers than in previous years. Unlike in previous years, no long lines were seen outside Chinese shops on Friday for the new iPhone, and the product release only made the headlines in a few media outlets.
Huawei unveiled(公布)its Mate 30 smartphone series on Thursday night. Its new devices have won consumers' hearts at home and abroad. Many compared it with Apple's new iPhone 11, saying that beats the new iPhone in terms of innovation and quality. One customer surnamed Zhao, an IT specialist who pre-ordered a Mate 30 Pro on Friday, said that he chose Mate 30 without hesitation. Zhao said, "It's obvious that Huawei's new phone with its advanced 5G mode would lead the future global telecommunication market, and its new innovative features in gesture and side control attracted my attention, too."
In contrast with iPhone 11's lukewarm(冷淡的)sales, Chinese netizens have engaged in discussions on Mate 30 and Mate 30 Pro. An online poll on the Mate 30 and iPhone 11 on Weibo on Friday showed that more than 60 percent of netizens chose the Mate 30, while less than 20 percent chose the iPhone 11. Many chose Huawei not out of patriotism (爱国主义)but for its technology.
Overseas consumers also engaged in active discussions on Huawei's new flagship devices on technology sites and social media platforms. On Twitter, many netizens said "nice", "best phone ever" and "my favorite one" on Huawei's Twitter account. Some netizens in countries like the UK, the Netherlands and Argentina asked when Huawei's new devices would be released in their countries.
（1）How did customers react to Apple's new product?
A. They thought it was cool to use it.
B. They stood in long lines to purchase it.
C. They thought its quality was worse than before.
D. They were less interested in it than former years.
（2）In what aspect is Mate 30 better than iPhone 11 according to paragraph 2?
A.The price and the weight.
B.The appearance and the speed.
C.The quality and innovation.
D.The service life and function.
（3）What does the underlined word "poll" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Store.
B.Vote.
C.Account.
D.Exam.
（4）What could be the best title for the text?
A.A New Era—5G
B.Huawei Is Better than Apple
C.Apple's New iPhone 11
D.Huawei's Mate 30 Defeats iPhone 11
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了比起苹果iPhone11来说，华为Mate30 更受大众的青睐。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”Unlike in previous years, no long lines were seen outside Chinese shops on Friday for the new iPhone, and the product release only made the headlines in a few media outlets.“与前几年不同的是，上周五在中国的商店外看不到为新iPhone排起的长队，产品发布也只是在几家媒体上登上了头条。

可知，消费者不再热衷于苹果手机。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的”Many compared it with Apple's new iPhone 11, saying that beats the new iPhone in terms of innovation and quality.“许多人将其与苹果的新iPhone 11相提并论，称其在创新和质量方面胜过新iPhone。

知，华为Mate30 在创新和质量方面比苹果iPhone 11有优势。

故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的”An online poll on the Mate 30 and iPhone 11 on Weibo
on Friday showed that more than 60 percent of netizens chose the Mate 30, while less than 20 percent chose the iPhone 11.“后半部分的描述：超过60%的网民选择了Mate30，而选择iPhone 11的不到20%。

可知，大家在网络投票。

因此poll与vote同义。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

纵观全文可知，本文讲述了比起苹果iPhone 11来说，华为Mate30
更受大众的青睐。

因此选项D Huawei's Mate 30 Defeats iPhone 11符合标题。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报
道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
We spend a great amount of time listening to music. Most college students listen to music at
least three or four times a week, and more than 50 percent of them go to at least one concert per year.
According to new research, we may be born liking music, because human beings are born to
find certain combinations of sounds attractive. For example, young children can recognize a familiar Song even when its key is changed. Similarly, they respond with more emotions to their mothers' singing than to their mothers' speech. Careful analysis of mothers' child-directed songs indicates that each mother's songs remain stable from one "performance" to the next, and this
may encourage children's engagement with the songs.
Research with adults suggests that music catches our attention by activating(激活) brain pathways that are most suited to processing music than to processing other kinds of sound. Specifically, music appreciation relies on the auditory cortex(听觉皮层) on the right side of the brain, which is specialized to process sound that characterizes music-in contrast to the left auditory cortex, which processes the stop-and-start bursts of sound that characterize speech.
Although some Psychologists remain skeptical about whether music may have powerful effects
on our thinking, a number of studies have shown that listening to music can increase people's spatial reasoning abilities Furthermore, It is clear that music can greatly influence our emotions. Personally significant music activates areas of the brain associated with pleasure and reward, the same areas that are activated by sex and good food.
Researchers do not agree about how humans' abilities to process and enjoy music have come
into being. Anyway, the next time you enjoy listening to a piece of music, remember that the
most complex pieces of audio equipment are the ones between your headphones.
（1）Which of the following might belong to the "certain combinations of sounds" in paragraph2?
A. A song.
B. A debate.
C. A quarrel.
D. A dialogue.
（2）It can be learned from paragraph 4 that .
A.no doubt music can increase people's thinking ability
B.music simply gives people positive emotions
C.only music can give people pure pleasure and reward
D.music has a great influence on human beings
（3）According to the passage, the most complex pieces of audio equipment lie .
A.at a college
B.in a concert
C.in the brain
D.in the headphone
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，根据一项新的研究，人类可能天生就喜欢音乐，因为人类天生就会发现某些声音的组合很有吸引力。

大量的研究表明，听音乐可以提高人们的空间推理能力，还可以极大地影响我们的情绪。

研究人员对人类处理和欣赏音乐的能力是如何形成的看法不一。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“For example, young children can recognize a familiar song even when its key is changed.”例如，孩子们可以识别一首熟悉的歌曲，即使它的调子改变了。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Although some Psychologists remain skeptical abou t whether music may have powerful effects on our thinking, a number of studies have shown that listening to music can increase people's spatial reasoning abilities.”虽然一些心理学家对音乐是否会对我们的思维产生强大的影响持怀疑态度，但大量研究表明，听音乐可以提高人们的空间推理能力。

从第四段可以得知，音乐对人类有很大的影响。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Anyway, the next time you enjoy listening to a piece of music, remember that the most complex pieces of audio equipment are the ones between your headphones.”无论如何，下次你喜欢听音乐的时候，记住最复杂的音频设备是你耳机之间的那个。

可知最复杂的音频设备位于大脑中。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
"What kind of rubbish are you?" This question might normally cause anger, but in Shanghai it was brought about weary complaints over the past few months. On July 1st, the city introduced strict rubbish-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Citizens must divide their waste into four separate categories and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure that rules are obeyed and to examine the nature of one's rubbish.
Violators could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29). For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain hank loans or even buy train tickets.
Shanghai authorities are responding to obvious environmental problem. It produces 9 million tons of garbage a year. But like other cities in china, it lacks a recycling system. Instead, it has relied on rubbish pickers to pick out whatever can be reused. This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps piling up.
China produces 80 billion pairs of one-off chopsticks a year.
Many citizens appear to support the idea of recycling in general but are frustrated by the details. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous(有害的), the distinctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out. Some have complained about the rules surrounding food waste. They must put it straight in the required public bin, forcing them to tear open plastic bags and toss(投掷）it by hand, Most annoying are the short periods for throwing trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening. Along with the monitors at the bins, this means that people go at around the same time and can keep an eye on what is being thrown out; no one wants to look bad.
（1）What's the purpose of Paragraph 1?
A. To complain about rubbish dividing.
B. To explain the four categories of the waste.
C. To introduce the rules on waste sorting.
D. To show the goal of rubbish, sorting regulations.
（2）What does the underlined word "Violators" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. People who don't pay for train tickets.
B. People who argue with the monitors.
C. People who obtain bank loans.
D. People who are against the regulations.
（3）What makes the citizens upset most about the rules?
A. Complex distinction among the four categories of rubbish.
B. Short scheduled time for tossing rubbish.
C. Being observed by monitors when throwing the garbage.
D. Being fined when blamed due to improper behavior.
（4）What can be the best title for the text?
A. A Restart of Waste-sorting
B. A New Age of Garbage Classification
C. Learning to Classify Rubbish
D. Rubbish-sorting Benefits the World
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了7月1日上海市出台的垃圾分类规定，有望成为我国的一个典范。

文章说明了垃圾分类规定的部分内容以及违反者将面临的处罚，这项政策出台的原因是上海日益增多的垃圾，以及居民们对此政策的看法和态度。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Citizens must divide their waste into four separate categories and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ens ure that rules are obeyed and to examine the nature of one's rubbish.”市民必须将垃圾分为四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。

他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监督员在场时，以确保规则得到遵守，并检查垃圾的性质。

可知主要是在说明垃圾分类的相关规定，故第一段的目的是介绍垃圾分类的规则。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“They could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29).”他们将面临最高200元(29美元)的罚款。

可推测他们此处指违反垃圾分类规定的人们，故
划线单词意思为“违反规定的人”，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Most upset are the short windows for throwing trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening.”最让人心烦的是扔垃圾的短暂开放期，通常是早上和晚上的几个小时，可知，扔垃圾的时间很短让居民对这些规定最不满。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“On July 1st, the city introduced strict trash-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Residents must divide their waste into four separate kinds and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure compliance and to inquire into the nature of one's rubbish.”7月1日，该市出台了严格的垃圾分类规定，有望成为我国的一个典范。

居民必须将他们的垃圾分成四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。

他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监督员在场时，以确保遵守和调查一个人的垃圾的性质）以及文章主要内容围绕着上海垃圾分类规定标志着一个垃圾分类的新时代的开始而展开，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
Scientists at the University of Oxford have developed new artificial intelligence(AI) software to recognize and follow up the faces of chimpanzees(黑猩猩)in the wild. The new software will allow researchers and wildlife conservationists to significantly cut back on time spent analyzing videos, according to the new paper published in Science Advances.
For species(物种)like chimpanzees which have complex social lives and live for many years, getting photos of their behavior taken from short-term field research can only tell us so much," says Dan Schofield, researcher and DPhil student at Oxford University's Private Models Lab, School of Anthropology. "By taking advantage of the power of machine learning to unlock large video files, it makes it possible to measure behavior over the long term."
The computer model was trained using over 10 million images(影像):from Kyoto University s Primate Research Institute(PRI) video files of wild chimpanzees in Guinea, West Africa. The new software is the first to continuously track and recognize individual a wide range of poses, performing with high accuracy in difficult conditions such as low lighting and poor image quality. "Access to this large video file has allowed us to use deep neural networks to train models to a degree that was previously not possible," says Arsha Nagrad, co-auther of the study and DPhil student at the Department of Engineer Science, University of Oxford." Additionally, our new software differs from previous primate face recognition software in that it can be applied to videos with limited manual intervention(人工干预), saving hours of time."
The technology can be potentially used to monitor species for conservation Although the present application focuses on chimpanzees, the AI software provided will be applied to other species, and help drive the adoption of AI systems to solve(解决)a range of problems in the wildlife sciences.
（1）What is the purpose of developing the new soft?
A.To save wildlife researchers' time spent in the labs.
B.To keep track of wildlife conservationists' behaviors.
C.To protect chimpanzees and help them to live longer.
D.To recognize and track the faces of wild chimpanzees.
（2）What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Getting photos.
B.Analyzing videos.
C.A powerful machine
D.The new AI software.
（3）What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A.The working principle of the new software.
B.Some limitations of using the new software.
C.The unique advantages of the new software.
D.Controversial attitudes to the new software.
（4）What can be known from the last paragraph?
A.Technology advance is the final goal of science
B.The new software won't just be applied to chimpanzees.
C.AI systems are widely used in the wildlife sciences.
D.The application of the new technology isn't easy.
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的人工智能软件，这种软件可以识别和追踪黑猩猩的面孔,大大节省了研究者和野生动物保护者的时间，而且它还可以应用到其他的物种研究。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”Scientists at the University of Oxford have developed new artificial intelligence(AI) software to recognize and follow up the faces of chimpanzees(黑猩猩)in the wild. ”可知，新软件的开发是为了识别和追踪野外黑猩猩的面孔。

故选D。

（2）考查代词指代。

根据第一段的叙述及第二段中的“By taking advantage of the power of machine learning to unlock large video files…”可推断it指代第一段中提到的新的人工智能软件。

故选D。

（3）考查段落大意。

根据第四段的叙述可知，本段主要介绍了新软件与其他软件相比所具有的独特的优势。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“The technology can be potentially used to monitor species for conservation Although the present application focuses on chimpanzees, the AI software provided will be applied to other species. 可知，新的软件不仅被用在黑猩猩身上，它还将被用于其他物种。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
Recently, as the British doctor Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself becoming steadily angry. A woman had picked up her phone and begun a loud conversation, which would last an unbelievable hour. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers.
When the train arrived at its destination, Winston rushed out. He'd had enough of the woman's rudeness. But the press were now waiting for her on the platform. And when they showed her Winston's messages, she used just one word to describe Winston's actions: rude.
Winston's tale is something of a microcosm(缩影) of our age of increasing rudeness, fueled by social media. What can we do to fix this?
Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly, almost like the common cold. Just witnessing rudeness makes it far more likely that we, in turn, will be rude later on. The only way to avoid it is to deal with it face to face. We must say, "Just stop." For Winston, that would have meant approaching the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time.
The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger can drive us to do odd things. In my own research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discovered that the acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous to the disturbing. Winston did shine a spotlight on the woman's behavior — but from afar, in a way that shamed her.
We must instead combat rudeness head on. When we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same way we'd defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ourselves. Because once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that strain themselves. As this tide of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility.
（1）What can you learn about Robert Winston from the passage?
A. He knows how to speak to rude people.
B. He behaved improperly and spoke loudly on the train.
C. He lost his temper due to other people's rudeness.
D. He reacted to a woman's rude behavior wrongly.
（2）What does "fueled by social media" mean in Paragraph 3?
A. Rude behavior is common on social media.
B. Rudeness can be avoided through social media.
C. People can easily get away through social media.
D. Social media may spread and cause rudeness.
（3）According to the writer, how should you respond when you meet rude people?
A. Record them and post it on the Internet.
B. Point it out in a polite and skillful way.。