必修ModuleASocialSurveyMyNeighbourhood重难知识点总结

Unit 4. A Social Survey—My Neighbourhood
一．重点词汇及拓展
1.investigation n．调查
2.sound vi.听起来
3．bother vt.打扰；麻烦 4.approach vt.接近
5．exchange vt.交换
6．afford vt.买得起,有能力支付
7．contact vt.联络；联系(某人)
8．fortunate adj.幸运(de)；吉祥(de)→unfortunate(反义词)adj.不幸(de)→fortune n．运气
9.starve vi.饿死→starvation n．饥饿
10．occupation n．职业→occupy v．占据
11．fascinating adj.迷人(de)；吸引人(de)→fascinate v．使着迷→fascination n．魅力
12．survive vi.幸存→survival n．幸存,侥幸活下来
13．attracting adj.有吸引力(de)→attract v．吸引→attraction n．吸引力
二．重点短语
1. as a result 因此,结果
2．such as诸如……之类(de)
3．go up上升；上涨
4．put up建造；张贴
5. get away from摆脱
6．pay back归还；报复
7．a_great_many许多,大量
8．so far到目前为止
三．重点句型
1.It's been six years since we last saw each other...自从上次我们见面以来已有六年了……
2．It/This/That is the first time that...这/那是第一次……3．What＋be＋主语＋like(用来征求对方意见)询问某人或某些情况怎样四．语法Present perfect tense(现在完成时)
一．重点词汇及拓展
1．bother vt.打扰,麻烦,使烦扰vi. 操心,花费时间、精力
n．[U](做某事)不便；[C]引起麻烦或不便(de)人或事
归纳拓展
(1)bother sb.with/about sth.拿某事烦扰某人
bother about/with sb./sth.为某人/某事而烦恼；操心某人/某事bother to do sth.烦心/费力做某事
be bothered about sb./sth.关心某人/某事
(2)have no/much/little bother (in) doing做……不费力/很费力/几乎不费力
例句：I don't want to___________________my problems at the moment.我此刻不想让她为我(de)事操心.
Don't _________ the letters,they're not urgent.不要为这些信操心,它们不是急件.
We had a lot of___________ our way there.
链接训练
I know this is not quite the right word,but I can't be ________ to think of a better one.
A．disturbed B．bothered
C．troubled D．worried
2．approach v．& n．靠近；着手处理(事务等)；接近；通道；方法
归纳拓展
(1)at the approach of 在……快到(de)时候
at one's approach某人一接近
approach to ...……(de)方法、步骤(其中to是介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词形式)
make an approach to对……进行探讨
(2)approach sb.on/about sth.为某事与某人打交道
例句：Now we're leaving the business district and approaching the harbour.
现在我们正离开商业区,前往港口.
All approaches to the town were blocked.所有进城(de)道路都被封锁了.
They presented a new approach to learning computer skills.他们提出了学习电脑技术(de)新方法.
链接训练
①In some cases,different approaches ________ the same scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.
A．to B．with C．about D．of
②As I________the little grass house in the forest,my heart beat more and more quickly.
A．approached B．walked
C．ran D．stepped
3．contact vt.与(某人)接触；与(某人)联系n．[U]接触,传达,交流意见；[C]有联系；关系,接触
归纳拓展
come into/be in contact with sb.与某人有来往；和某人接触
get in/into contact with sb.＝make contact with sb.与某人取得联系
keep in contact/touch with sb.与某人保持联系
be out of/lose contact with...与……失去联系
例句：The journalists contact related people and fix a time for a face-to-face interview.
They have been/have remained ____________________ each other all these years.
After the earthquake,people ______________ outside.地震后,人们与外界失去了联系.
It's good manners to maintain eye________when talking or listening
to others.
A．contact B．touch
Cmunication D．connection
4．afford v．担负得起(费用),抽得出(时间),提供
(1)afford意为“买得起,负担得起”,常与can,could,be able to连用,后接名词、代词或不定式.
(2)afford sth.负担得起某物(de)费用
afford to do sth.负担得起做某事(de)费用
例句：The price of homes goes up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there.
His own garden affords fresh vegetables to the family.
他自家(de)菜园为一家人提供新鲜蔬菜.
Music affords us pleasure.音乐给我们带来欢乐.
—Aren't you going to buy that carIt is modern and comfortable.—Yes,it is.But I can't________such an expensive car now. A．afford B．live C．hope D．offer
5．survive vt.比……活得长,幸免于……；从……中逃生
vi.活下来,幸存
(1)A survive B A比B活得时间长
survive the accident/fire/earthquake在事故/火灾/地震中幸免于难survive from...从……幸存下来
survive on...靠……维持生活,靠……存活下来
(2)survival n．幸存
survivor n．幸存者,死里逃生(de)人
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例句：All these things mean that many villages in Western Europe are fighting to survive.
She survived her husband for 10 years.
She is barely surviving on her monthly social security payment. It was lucky that he survived the big earthquake.
链接训练
There's little chance that mankind would ________ a nuclear war. A．retain B．endure C．maintain D．survive
二．重点短语
1．put up建造,搭起；张贴；为……提供食宿
put away 储存(钱)；储存……以备用；储蓄
put forward 提出(意见、建议等)
put off 延期；推迟
put on 假装；伪装；表演,上演(戏剧)；穿上,戴上
put through 接通
例句：They've put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently.
The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.
链接训练
An industry-theme museum is to________where there was once an iron
factory, which did a lot for the country in the past.
A．put off B．be put up
C．put out D．be put down
2．go up(价格、温度等)上升,上涨；被兴建,被建造；攀爬
归纳拓展
go up to上升至go up by以某种速度(比例)上升
go after追求,追逐go back to追溯到,起源于
go out出去；熄灭go over复习,仔细检查
go through浏览,翻阅；遭受；经历；仔细检查
go without没有……也勉强过得去
例句：I believe prices might go up next week.
New office blocks are going up everywhere.
They went up the hill the other day.
链接训练
The price of the goods has________but our income doesn't increase. A．gone up B．been gone up
C．brought down D．been brought down
3．a great many许多,大量(de)
英语中有些表示“许多,大量”(de)短语后接可数名词与不可数名词(de)情况不同,归纳如下：
例句：A great many books have been published this year.
It seems that a great number of them are out of work now.
The number of people invited was one hundred,but a number of them were absent for different reasons.
Large quantities of water have been polluted with the development of industry.
链接训练
①I hear ________ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time,though others prefer basketball.
A．quite a lot B．quite a few
C．quite a bit D．quite a little
②This year an increased number of drivers ________ for speeding. A．have punished B．have been punished
C．has punished D．has been punished
三．重点句型
It's been six years since we last saw each other...
归纳拓展
(1)“It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句(从句中(de)动词为短暂性动词(de)过去时)”,是一个短暂性动词表示延续性(de)句型.
(2)如果表示“在过去以前某人做某事持续了一段时间”则用句型“It was/had been＋一段时间＋since从句(从句中用短暂性动词(de)过去完成时)”.
(3)此句型结构中,从句中(de)动词若为短暂性动词,则动词词义和句意相同,即“自从……至今已有多久了”；若从句中(de)动词为延续性动词或状
态动词,则动词词义和句意相反,即“自从不……已经多久了”.
例句：It is/has been 5 years since he left Beijing.他离开北京已5年了.
It is/has been 5 years since he lived in Beijing.他不在北京住已经有5年了.
It was several years since the war had broken out.战争已经爆发好几年了.
链接训练
①—Is it for two months ________ they have stayed here
—No, it is only three weeks ________ they arrived here. A．that；since B．that；when
C．when；that D．since；before
②It is almost five years ________ we saw each other last time. A．before B．since
C．after D．because
现在完成时
现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,但与现在(de)情况有关系,即用一个过去(de)动作来说明现在(de)情况,现在完成时是现在时态.
现在完成时(de)构成是助动词“have/has＋done(过去分词)”.其否定形式为：have/has＋not＋done(过去分词)；其被动形式为：have/has＋been done(过去分词)
现在完成时(de)基本用法：
(1)表示过去发生(de)动作,其后果和影响现在仍存在,过去(de)动作和现在(de)结果相联系.此时句中常有already,ever,never,yet,just,before 等副词作状语,也可不用任何时间状语.
例句：I have seen the film The Gold Rush before.
(2)表示过去开始并延续到现在(de)动作或状态.肯定句中只能用延续性动词；否定句中用延续性、终止性动词均可.常和表示一段时间(de)状语连用,如for two months,since等,也可以表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内(de)时间状语连用,如this morning,recently,in the past few years等.
例句：He has worked here for 20 year
He hasn't spoken English since he left school.
注意：在肯定句中非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间(de)状语连用,需要时要用延续性动词或表示状态(de)动词替换.
I have kept/had the new car for a month. (此时不能用bought)
Mr Black has been back to China twice since 2006. (此时不能用come back)
(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来完成(de)动作.
例句：I will lend you the book as soon as I have finished reading it.
(4)与表示不确定(de)时间状语及包括有现在时间意义在内(de)状语连用,如already,ever,never,yet,just,recently等.
例句：Now I've got used to having Chinese food.
(5)先行词是最高级形式或被最高级形容词修饰时,定语从句常用现在完成时.
例句：This is the most moving story that I've heard about.
(6)被the first time,several times,again and again等表示次数或重复(de)状语修饰,所说(de)又是现在(de)事情时,用现在完成时(尽管动作行为发生或开始于过去某一时间).
例句：This is the first time that I have been here.
链接训练
①—You don't have to play that record so loud,do you
—I'm sorry.________ you
A．Has it been bothering B．Did it bother
C．Will it bother D．Had it bothered
②—Why do you look so worried
—My computer broke down and my essay ________ since.
A．has been left unfinished
B．has left to finish
C．was left to finish
D．had been left unfinished
③With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ________ in the past years.
A．discovered
B．have discovered
C．had been discovered
D．have been discovered
④This is one of the happiest days ________ spent in my life. A．that have ever been B．that have never been
C．which was ever D．which we have never
⑤Ever since the Greens ________ to the countryside half a year ago,the family ________ better health.
A．move；have been enjoying
B．moved；have enjoyed
C．moved；have been enjoyed
D．moved；enjoying。