2017年中考英语词组辨析：costspendpaytake

Ⅰ.cost 指某东西“值……钱”; “需要花费……钱/ 精⼒”等，它的主语⼀般为表⽰东西的名词，不能为表⽰⼈的名词，作及物动词和名词。可接双宾语，⽆被动语态。如：

① I’ll bet that dress cost a thousand dollars.我敢说那件⾐服得花1000美元。

② The chair cost me thirty yuan.这把椅⼦花了我30元。

③ The building of the dam cost many lives. 修建这个⽔坝使许多⼈丧⽣。(使花(某种代价);使损失)

④ Bad driving may cost you your life.开车技术不⾏可能使你丢掉性命。

⑤作名词时意为“花费;成本”→The cost of the house was too high for me.这房⼦的价钱太⾼，我买不起。

[常⽤搭配]：

① at all costs 不惜⼀切代价，—→The officer told the soldiers that they must defend the town at all costs. 军官对⼠兵们说要不惜⼀切代价保卫这座城市。

② at the cost of 以……为代价。

→1). He finished the work at the cost of his health. 他完成了这项⼯作，但失去了健康。

→2). She saved him from fire, but at the cost of her own life. 她从⽕中把他救出，但她⾃⼰却牺牲了。

③ cost of living ⽣活费⽤。

—→As the cost of living goes up my standard of living goes down. ⽣活费⽤越上涨，我的⽣活⽔准越降低。

Ⅱ.spend 的主语经常是⼈，⽤来表⽰⼈花钱买东西或花时间做某事，

常⽤的句型有：如：

① I spend 5 yuan on the book.我买这书花五元钱。

② The boy spent 10 minutes drawing a dog.那个男孩花了10分钟画⼀只狗。

Ⅲ.pay “⽀付，花费”，主语只能是⼈且只⽤于花费⾦钱，其结构是: pay + sb + some money + for sth. “为……付给某⼈多少钱” 其中的⼈、钱、事，可以根据具体情况取舍。如：

① I paid (him)5 yuan. 我付(给他)5元钱。

② I paid him 5 yuan for the book. 我买那本书付给了他五元钱。

③ I paid him for the book. 我买那本书付给了他钱。

④ I paid for the book. 我付了那本书的钱。

Ⅳ.take 也可表“花费时间和⾦钱”，(⼀般只指花费时间)

其常⽤结构为：It +take(各种时态)+time/money+to do sth. 如

It took me three hours to finish the work.