湖北省武汉市武钢三中2023-2024学年高三上学期8月月考英语试题

湖北省武汉市武钢三中2023-2024学年高三上学期8月月考
英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Eight steps to refocus your anxiety
Thinking of issues that seem unfixable can lead to an anxious paralysis, but there’s hope.
This is some of the advice I give to those in need of help.
Take a break from the news. Doomscrolling can be addictive and increase the tragic nature of events. In one study, researchers found that those who were immersed in the Boston Marathon bombing news for multiple hours a day in the week after the event experienced higher stress than individuals who were on the scene. I advise those who are feeling depressed by the headlines to read the news just once a day, turn off alerts on their phone and, if possible, check social media less often.
Take care of yourself. You have to be in good fighting shape to cope with the current problems. That means boosting your resilience (韧性) by taking care of your nervous system (sleep well, eat well, exercise wisely) and engaging in positive activities.
Focus on the present. Get in the habit of putting yourself in the here and now. Worrying about the future is not helpful.
Try a breathing exercise. Taking a few deep breaths — for instance, breathing in into the count of five and breathing out to the count of five — will help calm your sympathetic nervous system (the fight or flight response) and lower your anxiety. At the very least, breathing gives you something to do when your feel your heart rate pounding quickly.
Think about your victories. Remind yourself of what’s working well in your own life — whether it’s your job, friendships, or the array of houseplants you cultivated during the pandemic.
Be your own therapist. Ask yourself, what do I specifically feel hopeless about and why? Being able to put into words what’s getting you down can help you feel less flooded by emotions and better able to process the information rationally(理性地).
Take action. Worrying doesn’t help one’s mental health, but taking action does. Look around your community. Maybe your local playground would benefit from a basketball court, or your church could sponsor a refugee family. When people engage in local issues, they have
a renewed sense of optimism.
Join forces with a friend. Pick a cause. There are hundreds of nonprofits dedicated to addressing some of the most biggest challenges on the planet. Donate money to an inspiring organization or volunteer.
1．What’s the purpose of writing this passage?
A．To encourage people to help those in need.
B．To help those in need of help relieve anxiety.
C．To urge people to take action to help themselves.
D．To cheer readers up and boost a feeling of optimism.
2．What does the underlined part of the sentence mean?
A．“stopping moving and staying where you are”
B．“focusing on the present moment”
C．“placing yourself in a favorable environment”
D．“forgetting about the losses and gains”
3．Which of the following statements is in line with the author’s advice?
A．Only check social media once a day.
B．Involve oneself in activities that boost one’s nervous system.
C．Think of the past victories.
D．Engage in local issues and make contributions.
It is a cold November evening and I am sitting at the top of a tall stepladder in a village hall. On the floor. 16 dogs stare up at me curiously. They are arranged in a square, four by four. I watch through the viewfinder of my x video camera. This. I think to myself, could make me famous.
I hadn’t thought up the idea myself—it all came about at the request of my editor. “We want you to write about viral video”, he had told me a couple of weeks earlier, “Go and find out why some videos go viral. What makes people share them?” It sounded straightforward enough. He sent me a link to Chcirlie Bit My Finger, a video of a baby biting his little brother. It is currently YouTube’s most watched video of all that time. “I want you to make your own viral and become internet famous.” he said. “If this can get 135 million hits, you can do it too.”
To better understand what makes people share videos. I turned to Judith Donath of MIT,
who studies online social networks. She argues that the factors driving people to share stuff over the web are not that different from the reasons apes pick bugs out of each other’s fur: it’s a way of establishing social bonds. Other researchers have argued that in human societies, language—especially gossip—has taken on the social function of such grooming. Sharing videos through email or within social networks is just the next step, Donath argues. “Sharing online is equivalent to small talk,“‘ she says. ”It’s a little gift of information. It shows I’m thinking of you.’’
Video sharing is also a way of making a statement. “In addition, people use videos as a way of showing their position in the ‘information-technology ecology’,” Donath says. “A video reflects on the person who sends it.” In other words, people will pass on a video if they think it’s cool—because it makes them look cool too. I have friends and colleagues who are cool, so I quizzed them for inspiration. Eventually, we hit upon a winning idea. I called it Pets Teach Science. The aim is to demonstrate tricky concepts ranging from quantum physics to chemical structure with the help of man’s best friend and other furry companions.
4．The writer is on a ladder at the beginning of the passage because________.
A．some dogs are watching him from below B．he is being filmed with some animals C．he is trying to make a special type of video D．he is observing people making a film
5．What does the writer’s editor want him to do?
A．To make them both famous.
B．To get a film of some rare dogs.
C．To investigate the success of video-sharing websites.
D．To discover the reasons for some videos’ popularity.
6．The phrase “such grooming” (in paragraph 3) refers to________.
A．using small talk
B．sharing stuff on the web
C．looking after each other like animals do
D．establishing social networks through gossiping
7．Which of following does Donath give as a further reason why people share videos?
A．To entertain their friends.B．To give them a good image.
C．To use videos as a statement.D．To practice their technical skills.
The latest bad but unsurprising news on education is that reading and writing scores on the SAT have once again declined. The language competence of our high schoolers fell steeply in the 1970s and has never recovered. This is very worrisome, because the best single measure of the overall quality of our primary and secondary schools is the average verbal(语言的) score of 17-year-olds. This score correlates with the ability to learn new things readily, to communicate with others and to secure a job. It also predicts future income.
The most credible analyses have shown that the chief causes are vast curricular changes, especially in the critical early grades. In the decades before the Great V erbal Decline, a content-rich elementary school experience evolved into a content-light, skills-based, test-centered approach. Cognitive psychologists agree that early childhood language learning (ages 2 to 10) is critical to later verbal competence, not just because of the remarkable linguistic plasticity of young minds, but also because of the so-called Matthew Effect.
The name comes from a passage in the Bible: “For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath.” Those who are language-poor in early childhood get relatively poorer, and fall further behind, while the verbally rich get richer.
The origin of this cruel truth lies in the nature of word learning. The more words you already know, the faster you acquire new words. This sounds like an invitation to vocabulary study for babies, but that’s been tried and it’s not effective. Most of the word meanings we know are acquired indirectly, by intuitively(凭直觉的) guessing new meanings as we understand the main idea of what we are hearing or reading. The Matthew Effect in language can be restated this way: “To those who understand the main idea shall be given new word meanings, but to those who do not there shall follow boredom and frustration.”
Clearly the key is to make sure that from kindergarten on, every student, from the start, understands the main idea of what is heard or read. If preschoolers and kindergartners are offered substantial and coherent lessons concerning the human and natural worlds, then the results show up five years or so later in significantly improved verbal scores. By staying on a subject long enough to make all young children familiar with it (say, two weeks or so), the main idea becomes understood by all and word learning speeds up. This is especially important for low-income children, who come to school with smaller vocabularies and rely on school to pass on the knowledge base children from rich families take for granted.
Current reform strategies focus on testing, improving teacher quality, and other changes.
Attention to these structural issues has led to improvements in the best public schools. But it is not enough.
8．The drop in verbal scores on the SAT is worrisome because ________.
A．it will lead to a short supply of talents in the labor market
B．it reveals young people’s negative attitude towards verbal study
C．it shows the schools’ inability to meet the national requirements
D．students’ reading and writing ability affects their future development
9．Which of the following is the reason for the falling verbal competence?
A．Children’s lack of language learning ability.
B．Fewer courses on reading and writing in school.
C．The shift of curricular focus from content to skills.
D．Heavy pressure that numerous tests have resulted in.
10．The implication of Mathew Effect in language is that ________.
A．children should be trained to understand the content
B．teachers should focus on one topic in language teaching
C．children’s family background determines their verbal ability
D．teachers should make everything understandable for students
11．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Mathew Effect in Language Learning
B．How to Stop the Drop in Verbal Scores
C．Try to Understand the Main Idea
D．Don’t Overestimate Your Verbal Scores
At the start of nearly every doctor’s visit, chances are you will be asked to step on a scale and get your weight measured for that day’s exam record. But many conversations around weight have become an obstacle, not a help, in the campaign to make people healthier.
Higher body masses are associated with increased risk for diseases like hypertension, diabetes and coronary disease. Many studies of hundreds of thousands of patients have shown that heavier people are at higher risk for these illnesses. But the big picture is not the whole picture. Researchers have identified a subset of obese people considered to be “metabolically healthy”—meaning they do not exhibit elevated blood pressure or the diabetes indicator called insulin resistance, for example. Although the numbers vary greatly depending on the
study, the “metabolically healthy” population could account for anywhere from 6 to 75 percent of obese individuals.
One interesting report published in 2016 found that a higher body mass index (or BMI, the ratio of weight to height) “only moderately increased the risks for diabetes among healthy subjects” and that unhealthy thin people were twice as likely to get diabetes as healthy fat people. Clearly, there is more to the equation than weight.
Despite such findings, doctors routinely recommend dieting for weight loss as a means to “treat” poor health indicators such as high cholesterol and insomnia in fat patients. Virtually no diet works in the long term. The result: 95 to 98 percent of those who attempt to lose weight fail, and up to two thirds end up heavier than when they began. Spending years trapped in a cycle of losing weight, regaining it, then losing it again is associated with poorer health outcomes. It is time that doctors give up the scale-centric health care practice and focus on behaviors that have proven positive outcomes for health.
Among the more dangerous by-products of weight-centric health care are the increased shame experienced by the overweight. The well-reported anecdotal experience of innumerable fat people is that doctors often prescribe weight loss without examining them, running tests or performing other normal procedures for conditions that thin people would be screened for automatically. Research over the past two decades has shown that health professionals have negative attitudes toward fat people, as the authors of a large review paper wrote in 2013 in Current Obesity Reports. Not only that but doctors’ appointments with fat patients are shorter on average, and physicians routinely use negative words in their medical histories of such people. Such practices keep people from regular annual exams and prevent the detection of serious underlying conditions.
To practice evidence-based medicine, doctors should stop relying on weight alone as an indicator of health. Instead practitioners should focus on behavioral changes to improve health outcomes.
12．By “the big picture is not the whole picture” (paragraph 2), the writer means
that_______.
A．there are some exceptions
B．more evidence should be presented
C．some health risk has been neglected
D．people don’t care much about health
13．Why does the writer mention the report published in 2016?
A．To call attention to those who are thin but unhealthy.
B．To explain what “moderately increase” means in real life.
C．To argue against BMI being used as an indicator of fatness.
D．To show that weight may not be associated with poor health.
14．What can be inferred from the passage about fat people?
A．Most of them worry about their weight.
B．Some of them can’t be diagnosed correctly.
C．They need at least one exam every half year
D．They don’t follow doctors’ recommendations.
15．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Weight-watching health care is common but may do harm.
B．More care should be taken of those overweight people.
C．Fat people are sometimes treated unfairly in society.
D．It’s time that we should be more health-conscious.
二、七选五
How to support a struggling friend
We’ve all been in situations like this, both big and small and everything in between: from missing the bus to work to struggling with the loss of a loved one. 16 We really want to help, yet we don’t quite have the words or the tactics.
Research shows that many people don’t really know what works best to help their friends effectively. 17 A survey of the methods that people used to manage their friends’ emotions identified 378 distinct strategies. The good news is that there are simple strategies you can learn that will help you provide more effective support to your friends.
Ask questions and really listen
Just as playing down a friend’s problem is unwise, so is trying to empathize too quickly. While this impulse is understandable and quite normal, it is also likely to go wrong. 18 So how might you best address the situation instead? A recent research suggests that it would be better to slow down and start by asking directly how your friend is feeling, rather than thinking about how you might feel in a similar situation.
A related technique to try is active listening, which is commonly used by therapists, and relatively simple to implement. 19 For example, your friend might spend some time explaining a series of stressful events across their week, describing arguments with their spouse, a mounting workload and some worries about debt, and you might respond by saying that it sounds like they are overwhelmed both at home and at work right now.
Don’t take charge
If your support is too directive and take-charge, it might make your friends feel like they aren’t able to handle things on their own, like a kid who needs their parent’s help to manage their problems.
Instead, it would have been better to ask them what they want, and how they might be able to change this situation, and then listen to them talk through their options one by one. In doing this, you provide a sounding board for them to take control of the situation on their own.
20 This will help them organise their thoughts and come to some solutions, without feeling like you did it for them.
A．It’s important not to put too much pressure on your friend to talk.
B．Common wisdom suggests that a problem shared is a problem halved.
C．A friend who is going through hardship may benefit from a helpful gesture.
D．Part of the challenge is that there are just so many possible ways to intervene.
E．One useful skill is to paraphrase what your friend is saying in your own words.
F．Research has shown that we’re actually really bad at taking other people’s perspectives.
G．Your aim should be to facilitate the other person’s choices, rather than dominating them.
三、完形填空
The Maranhão region of northern Brazil is my ancestral home. For centuries, we have
people took matters into our own hands to 27 our land. For me, there was no question I would be part of this 28 .
When we see an illegal camp or 29 a new incursion (入侵), we Guardians have an 30 in dealing with them. Our knowledge of the forest runs far deeper than theirs. Our networks coordinate (协同动作), study the area, and prepare to 31 . We agree on tactics(战术), then 32 the camps, and destroy their huts and equipment. We take their trucks apart, and burn their tractors. They are left with no choice but to go 33 Our resistance is 34 . Today there are only five illegal entry points into our land. This 35 extends beyond our territory’s borders – it’s about our grandchildren having a chance at a future.
21．A．escaped B．promoted C．explored D．preserved 22．A．traditions B．blessings C．possessions D．warnings 23．A．turns against B．provides for C．relies on D．submits to 24．A．charity B．mercy C．greed D．duty 25．A．logging B．advertising C．spying D．shipping 26．A．exposing B．closing C．confirming D．reserving 27．A．farm B．develop C．rent D．protect 28．A．liberation B．tolerance C．resistance D．construction 29．A．oppose B．identify C．visualize D．launch 30．A．option B．excuse C．impression D．advantage 31．A．act B．stay C．leave D．wait 32．A．sell B．empty C．surround D．repair 33．A．hiking B．packing C．boating D．sightseeing 34．A．working B．beginning C．ending D．withdrawing 35．A．investment B．arrangement C．negotiation D．struggle
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Nowadays, the Internet is changing the way people learn languages. There is still no way to avoid the hard work through vocabulary lists and grammar rules, but since the birth of the Internet, books, tapes and even CDs 36 (replace) by email, video chat and social
networks.
Livemocha, a Seattle-based company, has created a website helping people learn more than 38 languages by exchanging messages over the Internet and then 37 (correct) each other’s messages. The lessons, whatever form they are 38 , are delivered online.
The CEO of Livemocha says the website’s advantage is the context 39 you may practice speaking with a real person. “The great irony is that even if you have learned a foreign language in the classroom for years, you are not confident 40 (go) into a restaurant, striking up a conversation,” he said. The casual 41 (connect) with real people throughout the world are not just fun and surprising but reveal more about 42 the language is really used.
Livemocha is now experimenting with many ways that resemble the games 43 (find) on other social websites to motivate people. Besides, each person can set up a profile 44 includes a short self-description and what language he or she would like to learn. Therefore, if you want to learn one language, you will 45 (easy) find many people fluent in this language. And it becomes less challenging to find a study partner. An email or two is all it takes.
五、邀请信
46．假定你是李华。

你的英国笔友Chris对中国民族传统节日很感兴趣，请写信邀请他暑假来中国和你一起去内蒙古旅游，体验当地7月21日到23日举办的那达慕大会，内容包括：
1. 那达慕大会简介；
2. 旅游的基本计划。

注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

参考词汇：
1. the Naadam Festival那达慕大会
2. Inner Mongolia内蒙古
Dear Chris,
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ______
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

When Dr. Henderson was assigning (指定) project mates for his psychology class, I secretly hoped he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have some fun with. Above all, I hoped he wouldn’t assign me to work with the fiercely competitive, extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match. As fate (命运) would have it, Dr. Henderson very deliberately matched everyone in class and announced that I would be working with the one person in class I wanted to avoid.
I went up to my new teammate and introduced myself He looked at me as though I weren’t there. I felt he treated me as though I would hold him back and probably make him fail to get an A in the course. He wasn’t mean or rude; he just gave me the impression that he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone.
Needless to say, I didn’t look forward to an entire term of being brushed off, but I tried to make the best of it and didn’t say anything for fear that I would make things worse.
The project required each team to develop a hypothesis (假说), set up an experiment to test the hypothesis, do the statistical analysis (数据分析) and present the findings. Whatever grade the team received would be shared by both students.
When my teammate and I met to discuss our project, I was uneasy. Here was this challenging student who had a reputation for concentration and good grades — the exact opposite of me. I was completely at a disadvantage. I actually wanted to drop the class at one point, but stopped short because I didn’t want to give him the satisfaction of my chickening out and giving up halfway. I decided to stick to it no matter what.
After long discussions we somehow agreed to do a study on the mental well-being (健康)
of teenagers. I wasn’t sure what it meant exactly, but at least we had a topic.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Para 1：We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans.
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________
Para 2：One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease.
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________。