高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day52

高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 52
Passage 1
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as nature vs nurture.
Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory mai ntai ns that Our behavior is Predeterm ine（注定）to SuCh a degree that We are almost completely gover ned by our in St in CtS本能）.
ProPonents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often Called, behaviorists, Claimed that our environment is more important than our biologiCally based instinCts in determining how we will aCt. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost Completely shaped by their surroundings.
The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite meChanistiC; they maintain that, like maChines, humans
respond to environmental stimuli (something that helps sb. / sth. to develop better and more quickly) as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political connections of these two theories are significant. In the United Sates, for example, blacks often below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some "nature" proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically worse than whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that white enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
1.The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem ______ .
A.why our personalities and behaviors differ
B.what makes different stages of intelligence
C.how social scientists form different theories
D.what causes the "nature / nature" argument
2.Which of the following statements may be supported by the "nature" school?
A.We are born with certain personalities and behaviors
B.Environment has nothing to do with our personalities
C.Abilities and characteristics are showed by behaviors
D.Only extreme behaviors are determined by instincts.
3.What can we learn about the behaviorists? ______
A.They believe human beings are mechanical
B.They compare our behaviors to the machines
C.They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do
D.They agree that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well
Passage 2
What is success? I am not going to try to explain success. I think a precise meaning is impossible! Is it winning a Gold Medal at the Olympic Games or winning Wimbledon, or being awarded a Nobel Prize? What else? I believe personal success could be anything at all —it does not have to involve public recognition. Who is more successful?
A millionaire who is unhappy, or an unnoticed person, who has led a simple, quiet, sincere and happy life? The simplest definition of success, I think, is “ to set o
something and to succeed in doing it ” .
The first step on the road to success starts with belief. Believe you can succeed and you will. Achieving success in whatever endeavor （努力） you choose may be the goal of life, because it gives you freedom from worry. Could that be?
Successmeans different things to every one of us. Some people believe it is measured in financial term; others believe it is helping others rather than helping themselves. However, most people are motivated to a great extent by public recognition. How many people are really happy?
How many people are really doing what they want to with their lives? Incidentally,
the ability to imagine makes us different from animals.
Most important of all, I believe success is a matter of personal growth. If every
day you are developing or growing just a millimeter, I believe one is successful. Just
being a slightly better person each day for me is success. I ' ve got a very long way
go them!
Finally, always remember successis a process and is not simply a matter of
arriving at a destination. It ' s the journey that really matters. Success is what you become
in the often very difficult and dangerous journey down the river of life.
1.What is personal success according to the author?
A.Winning public recognition.
B.Being an unhappy millionaire.
C.Something impossible to define simply.
D.Succeeding in doing what you want.
2.According to the text, humans are different from animals in.
A.belief
B. imagination
C. freedom
D. success
3.What can be the best title for the text?
A.What is success
B.No true success
C.How to be successful
D.Success is reaching a destination
Passage 3
One day, a poor man, who had only one piece of bread to eat, was walking past a restaurant. There was a large pot of soup on the table. The poor man held his bread over the soup, so the steam from the soup went into the bread, and gave it a good smell. Then he ate the bread.
The restaurant owner was very angry at this, and he asked the man for money, in exchange
for the steam from the soup. The poor man had no money, so the restaurant owner took him to Nasreddin, who was a judge at that time. Nasreddin thought about the case for a little while.
Then he took some money from his pocket. He held the coins next to the restaurant
OWner' S ear, and shook them, SO that they made a dinglingj当声）noise.
“What was that? ” asked the restaurant owner.
“That Was payment for you, ” ansWered Nasreddin.
“What do you mean? That Was just the sound of coins! ” said angrily the restaurant
oWner.
“The sound of the coin is payment for the smell of the soup, ” ansWered Nasre “NoW go back to your restaurant. ”
1.The poor man held his bread over the soup to _____ .
A.make it heated
B.Warm his cold hands
C.avoid paying the restaurant oWner
D. make it smell and taste a little better
2.Why did Nasreddin make a noise with the coins?
A.To make the poor man relaxed.
B.To pay for the smell of the soup.
C.To make the restaurant owner happy.
D.To show that he was a rich person.
3.Nasreddin thought that the smell of the soup ____ .
A.was worthless
B. should be paid
C. was pleasant
D. could be sold
4.The writer ' s purpose in telling the story is mainly to _____ .
A.show the bad restaurant owner
B.describe the poor ' s unhappy life
C.show Nasreddin ' s cleverness and humor
D.prove the value of the sound of coins
Passage 4
Driving is one of necessary skills that each person should have if they wish not to get trouble during their life. You had better start learning to drive when you are eighteen. Experience tells that the older you become, the harder it is to learn to drive.
Learning to drive may be the very last thing on your mind when you graduate from a university, but it is helpful to look for a job and pay off the money which is spent on your study.
So, the best way is to start out early to take driving lessons. Many teens in recent
times are choosing not to drive. If so, you are really missing out on a huge part of
growing up and losing lots of benefits on a whole. The top reason for not learning to drive is
the high costs of driving lessons. But, we are here to tell you why you should ignore the costs and pay much attention to the many advantages.
At times you aren't or can't be depending on public transportation. Those are the
times you are probably depending on a friend, or your parents for a ride. Knowing how
to drive yourself will make you independent and you wouldn't have to fit your plans according to other people s plans.
In the recent job world, there may be plenty of jobs. However, you won ' t be th
to be an eligible Can didate （合格的候选人）because you don' t know how to drive.
1.When is the best time to learn to drive according to the text?
A.When you are in your free time.
B. When you are eighteen.
C. After you have some driving experience.
D. After you find a job.
2.Why do many teens give up learning to drive?
A.They are busy looking for jobs.
B.They find public transportation more convenient.
C.They are unwilling to pay high cost.
D.They show no interest in driving.
3.How will you be if you can drive according to paragraph 4?
A.Independent of parents.
B.Easy-going for your workmates.
C.Reliable for your boss.
D.Eligible for jobs.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Why Is Driving Comfortable?
B. Why Should You Learn to Drive?
C. The Methods of Learning to Drive
D. Learn to Drive to Find a Job
Passage 5
Alice Walker makes her living by writing. And her poems, short stories, and novels have won many prizes for her. She was born in Eatonton, Georgia; she went to public schools there, and then to Spelman College in Atlanta before coming to New York to attend Sarah Lawrence College, from which she graduated in 1965. For a time she lived in Jackson, Mississippi, with her lawyer husband and small daughter.
About Langston Hughes: American Poet, her first book for children, she says, “ After my first meeting with Langston Hughes, I promised I would write a book for children someday. Why? Because I, at twenty-two, knew next to nothing of his work, and he didn ' t scold me. He just gave me a pile of his books. And he was kind to me. I will always be thankful that in his warmth he fulfilled my deepest dream (and need) of what a poet should be. ”
“ To me he is not dead at all. Hardly a day goes by when I don ' t think of him or
speak of him. Once, just before he died, when he was sick with the flu, I took him a full basket of oranges. The joy I felt in giving that simple gift is undiminished (没有减弱) by time. He said he liked oranges, too. ”
1.In the passage, Alice Walker is __ .
A. a researcher at Sarah Lawrence College
B. a professor at Sarah Lawrence College
C. a prize-winning writer
D. a writer of plays for children
2.From the passage we can conclude that Alice Walker was twenty-two years old when
A. she moved to Jackson, Mississippi
B.she moved to New York
C.she first met with Langston Hughes
ngston Hughes died
3.What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Langston Hughes ' books about Alice Walker.
B.The childhood of Alice Walker and Langston Hughes.
ngston Hughes, American poet.
D.Alice Walker ' s reflection on Langston Hughes.
参考答案
Passage 1
1.A主旨大意题。

A .首段首句指出作者要讨论的问题，第2段开始从两个方面解释该问题，末段是总结段，由此看来，首段首句和末段首句提到的"human behavior"是本文的中心内容；B.虽然文章首段第2句就提到intelligent —词，但该句的intelligent，cooperative，competitive 等都只是举例说明首句有关
PerSOnalities和behaviors的问题；由此可见，选项B并非本文主旨；CD.作
者提到两种理论是为了解释性格和行为形成的原因，并非讨论这两种理论形成的原因。

因此CD 两项均不正确。

因此答案为 A
2.A 细节理解题。

第 3 段首句的H IargeIy determi ned by biological a nd gen etic factors"和末句的"governed by our inStinets"都表明天性论”派会认同A的看法。

故选 A
3.C 主旨大意题。

本题实际上考查第 4 段末句的正确理解。

原文该句中的
"like maehines, humans respond •表明作者并非单纯把人类比作机器，而是把人
类对环境的反应与机械对环境的反应作对比。

由此可见， C 为正确的理解。

Passage 2
1.细节理解题。

根据第一段“The simplest definition of success, I think, is
“to
Set out to do SOmething and to SUeeeed in doing it （我认为成功最简单的定义是怀着目标开始做某件事并成功做成这件事。

）可知作者认为人的成功是做成你想做
的事情。

故选D。

2.细节理解题。

根据第四段“Ineidentally,the ability to imagine makes us
different from animals. （顺便”说一句, 是想象的能力使我们与动物不同。

）可知人
和动物的区别在于有没有想象力。

故选 B
3.主旨大意题。

根据第一段“ WhatS SuCCeSS什么是成功”第二段
“ ThfirSt
SteP On the road to SUCCeSS StartS With belie通往成功的第一步是从信念开始的。

”
第五段“Most important of all, I believe SUCCeSS is a matter of PerSonal growth最重要的是, 我相信成功是个人成长的过程”第六段“Finally, alwayS remember SuCCeSS iS a proCeSS and iS not Simply a matter of arriving at a deStination. 最后, 永远记住, 成功是一个过程, 而不是简单地到达一个目的地”可知, 短文是围绕着“什么是成功而展开的”。

所以本文的最佳标题是
“What is SUCCeS故选A。

PaSSage 4
1.B 细节理解题。

根据第一段中YoU had better Start learning to drive when yoU
are eighteen. 你最好在十八岁时开始学开车。

可知, 学习驾驶的最佳时间在18岁时。

故选 B 项。

2.C 细节理解题。

根据第三段中The top reaSon for not learning to drive iS the high CoStS of driving leSSonS. 不学开车的首要原因是驾驶课程的高昂成本。

可知, 许多青少年放弃学开车是因为不愿支付驾驶课程的高昂费用。

故选 C 项。

3.D 细节理解题。

根据第五段中However, yoU won 't be thoUght to be an eligible Candidate （合格的候选人）because you don' t know how to drive.然而,你不会被认为是合格的候选人, 因为你不会开车。

可知, 因为你不会开车, 你不会被认为是合格的候选人, 换句话说如果你能开车, 你可能会获得工作资格。

故选 D 项。

4.B主旨大意题。

根据第一段中Driving iS one of neCeSSarySkillS that eaCh perSon Should have if they wiSh not to get trouble during their life. 开车是一个必要的技能, 如果他们不希
望在他们的生活中遇到麻烦, 每个人都应该拥有。

以及第
二段中but it is helpful to look for a job and pay off the money which is spent on your study.
但它有助于你找到工作, 并把花在学习上的钱还清。

可知, 本文介绍了应该尽早学习开车，学习开
车的好处，因此选项B “你为什么要学开车？”适合做文章标题。

故选 B 项。

Passage 5
1. C 细节理解题。

根据第一段“ Alice Walker makes her living by writing. And her poems, short stories, and noVelS have WOn many PriZeS for her.（爱丽丝沃克以” 写作为生。

并且她的一些诗, 短篇故事和小说得过很多奖。

）可知爱丽丝是一个得过奖的作家。

故选C。

3. C 细节理解题。

根据第二段“ After my first meet ing With Lan gston Hughes,
（在我第一次见到兰斯顿修斯之后）和“ BeCauSe at twe nty-two, kn ew n ext to nothing of his work, and he didn ' t SCOlib我e.22 岁的时候对他的作品几乎
一无所知, 但是他并没有责备我。

）可知爱丽丝在22岁的时候第一次遇见了兰斯顿修斯。

故选CO
3. D主旨大意题。

本文第一段介绍了爱丽丝的个人情况，第二段和第三段的内容讲述了爱丽丝对休斯顿的回忆。

可知本文的中心是爱丽丝对休斯顿的回忆。

故选D。