stepbystep3000第二册1到5答案解析和原文

Unit 1
Part I - A
87, 80, 53, 48, 24, 17
Script:
The Porter Family
Mr William Porter is very old. He is 87. And Mrs Catherine Porter is 80. Mr Porter is from Wales. John Porter and Mary are brother and sister. John Porter is 53 and he is a lawyer. His wife Susan is 48, and she is an architect. James Porter and Joan Lee are cousins. James Porter is 24 and Joan Lee is 17.
Part I - B
1.spending special time together.
2.specific, complain, request, praise.
3.fatigue, insecurities, foxhole, striking out , protect.
4.distant
5.all marriages, Work together o understand
6.Respect, danger, professional, physical, verbal
7.Understand, win
Part I - C
40, excel, domestic argument, losing
win-win, lose-lose, win, a gift, returns
argue over, aren't, who, in control, fear, didn't need, ought not to , couldn't, tried to, destroy, marriage
love, loved, secure, discover, garden, cultivate, the most precious, own self, bloom.
obtain, our partner, loved and respected, control.
Part II- A
A2
1.similar social backgrounds.
2.the same race or same ethnic background.
3.the same religion.
A3
Japan / 9.2% / arranged marriages
3% / between blacks and whites
Many people in Western cultures choose their own wives and husbands. In many other countries, spouse are often chosen by the parents. In China and Japan before this century (20th century), upper-class marriages were arranged by the older males. In many cultures in the Middle East, Asia, and pre-industrial Europe, the man's family negotiated a "bride price"
with the woman's family; the man's family was expected to pay it. In Hindu India, the bride's family paid a "groom's price" to the family of the man. These customs are weakening;for intance, only 9.2 percent of Japanese marriages are now arranged.
What are the criteria for choosing mates? Most marriages-whether arranged by families or occurring from personal attraction or love--are based on similar social backgrounds. In other words, the man and the woman come from the same social class (or else a class that is only slightly higher or slight lower). Among many people in Egypt, key members of the man's family must go to the family of the woman and propose marriage. These family members must be able to show that the man's family is at least of the same social class as the woman and that a certain amount of money exists to allow the marriage to go forward.
Having the same race or the same ethnic background is the second main criterion for marriage throughout the world. In the U.S,. Where there are many different races, only 3 percent of all marriages are between blacks and whites, meaning that the races are still largely separate in marriage.
In many countries, marriage is also based on the woman and man having the same religion; this is a third common criterion for choosing a mate. In
culture in which religion is very strong value, marriages would often not take place if there were religious differences.
Part II - B
1.physical appearance;
2.what somebody looks like, ....., look beyond the physical appearance
3.the high percentage of divorces.
4.falling love with somebody,..... ,loving somebody
Script:
What do you think it is that attracts people to each other, that makes people want to be together?
I think that perhaps unfortunately in the initial stages it's the physical appearance that attracts. I think unless you find somebody attractive, unless there's something about them-it could only perhaps be the way they smile or they laugh, or a twinkle in their eye, or the way of a curl falls over their forehead. But something like that has to make you interested enough to find out more about that person, unless that's there I think you just don't bother. So initially physical attraction I think is all important.
Why do you say "unfortunately"?
Because in fact it shouldn't be what somebody looks like that is important.
You should be able to look beyond he physical appearance and see what sort of a person he or she is, whether they are selfish or selfless, whether they are kind, caring. But I think initially you are not bothered with that. That come perhaps later.
In pop songs and magazines and newspapers and son on, the idea of falling love in s always emphasized, so people have this idea that you have to fall in love. Do you think this is misleading for people? Do you think people expect something that in fact doesn't exist?
Yes, I do. In fact I think we can probably lay the blame for the high percentage of divorce--it's a third I think now, isn't it? I think one in three people get divorced. Probably as far as I can see it, the reason is that they go into marriage or into a relationship with a very romantic view of love which I think has been created by the pop songs, by all the love stores, by the Barbara Cartland novels, etc. , that young people read. Really, you meet someone, you fall in love, and that's it., it's the beginning, they live happily even after. And I think that's the problem, because people just expect that, and it's not like that.
So what is it, do you think, that really sustains a relationship, that keeps a relationship going?
Well, I think you have to differentiate between falling in love with
somebody, which I see as more superficial, and loving somebody, which I see as a deeper emotion and one that perhaps lasts. Falling in love is superficial attraction, being attracted to somebody physically, having fun together, whereas loving somebody I think is an emotion that grows, it comes with shared experiences, perhaps enjoying doing the same things together, shared hobbies, shared interests, suffering together as well, going through the bad times, helping each other, supporting each other.
I think all that needs time to grow, and I'd call that love, and I think that's what makes a relationship last.
Part II - C
one of the biggest decisions they will make in life,
as the "just-right" wife for him,
definition of what the "just-right"wife is,
the millionaire man and the poor man ,
her physical qualities,
different words,
by her physical qualities,
in two different atmospheres,
also have their definition of the "just-right" wife,
the German man's definition is different from the Spanish man's. Script:
Part III
A baseball diamond frizzly hair / glasses/ funny/ monologue
A wine bar pizza
A fancy-dress party the man dressed as Cheshire Cat
Outside a cinema coincidence/ he'd also missed the film
A boat/ the river bank fell in river/ he dived in and rescued her
Script:
Kate: I was on my way home from junior high and in order to get to my house you have to walk by this baseball diamond. And there was a game of baseball going on and it looked kind of interesting, so I stopped. There weren't very many people watching. And there was this guy and he wasn't really very good-looking, but he had frizzly hair and glasses and he was really funny. He did this kind of monologue thing, which war great. And I went home and I told my mother I was going to marry him after talking to him for half an hour. And when I got to high school, he was president of the student body and he asked me out and...we've got our picture in the yearbook together holding hands, and it's really nice.
Ke: Well, I'd arranged to have a drink with a friend of mine, a woman friend
of mine who's a platonic friend of mine. And she insisted on bringing this friend of hers who she said I'd like to meet and I thought she was trying to fix us up and I said, "Please don't!" But she did bring this friend and we hit it off. And after the wine bar we went to have a pizza and we all had a few more drinks and the other woman who ended up ordering a pizza that had a bunch of stuff on it that she really liked, so we picked at each other's pizzas all night and we realized that we were sort of had an ideal relationship, so that we could order really any pizza on the menu and we'd both be happy. And anyway we ended up living together and still are.
Coralyn: We met at a party and it was fancy-dress party. A friend of mine's twenty-first and it was quite big and I went dressed as Alice in Wonderland and this person, this guy that I married was dressed as the Cheshire Cat. And it just seemed so amazing that, you know, we were both from the same thing and we started chatting and ended up being together.
Jill: I'd arranged to go to the cinema with a group of friends and unfortunately I missed the train that would have got me to standing outside--the film had started. So I wasn't allowed in. And there was a chap outside, he'd also missed the film and we started to talk and we talked quite a bit and he said,"Let's go down the road and see that film, because
that one hasn't started at the Odeon." So we went down there and we've been going out ever since!
Carole: I first met my partner when he was on a boat and I was on the river bank, standing and looking generally into the distance and he was coming in to land with his boat and he threw me a rope and said,"Would you mind catching this?" and I caught it and missed and tripped over it and fell in the river and he had to dive in and rescue me. And that was it!
Part IV
Book, choked, disappointment, take you to dinner, tolerant smile, went by, rose, big restaurant, test, understand and admire
Script:
John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose. His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the previous
owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell.
With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War through the mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding. Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt that
if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like. When the day finally come for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting --7:00p.m. At the Grand Hotel Station in New York. "You will recognize me,"she wrote, "by the red rose I'll be wearing on my lapel." So at 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd never seen. I'll let Mr Blanchard tell you what happened.
A young woman was coming toward me, her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears. Her eyes were as blue flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like spring time coming alive. I started toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, provocative smile curved her lips. " Going my way, sailor?" she murmured. Almost uncontrollably I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Holllis
Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl. A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat. She was more than plump, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. The girl in the green suit was waking quickly away.
I felt as thought I was split into two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own. And there she stood. Her pale plump face was gentle and sensible, her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle. I did not hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify me to her. This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love.
Unit 2 Shaping and reshaping personality
Part I-A
1- h, 2-d, 3-j, 4-k, 5-b, 6-i,
7-g, 8-e, 9-l, 10-f, 11-c, 12-a
Tape script:
1.Taurus April 21- May12, is represented by a bull.
2.Virgo is represented by a young woman.
3.Capricorn......... by a goat.
4.Pisces................by two fish.
5.Aquarius............by the water-bearer.
6.Leo.....................by a lion
7.Cancer ...............by a crab
8.Aries....................by a ram
9.Gemini.................by twins
10.Sagitarus............by a centaur shooing an arrow
11.Scorpio................by a scorption
12.Libra...................by a pair of measuring scales.
Part I - B
Very, not very, extremely, sort of, very
Tape script:
W: Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality survey. It'll be fun. M:Oh, I don't know...
W: Oh, come on... Ok, here's the first one--what should I put for "aggressive"?
M:Oh, I....I'd say "very".
W: Very? Really?
M: Yeah, sure. Look at the way you drive!
W: Well, Ok, so I'm a very aggressive driver... But.. You have to drive like that in this city, or you're gonna be hit, because....
M:Uh,... What's the next one?
W: "Selfish".
M:Oh, not at all.
W: Really? Well... Maybe just a little... I mean, a lot of people are, right? Just a little bit? You know, I mean, I try to think of other people, but sometimes I do just think of myself, I guess.
M: Ok,Ok, so put "not very."
W: OK.
M: But you can put "extremely " for the next one.
W: What? Oh, "kind"?
M: Yes. Don't you think you are an extremely kind person?
W: I am? Ok, if you say so. Oh, look t this next one.
W: Yeah.
M: Hmm... I don't know. Sometimes you can be really patient, but other times you are not patient at all. Like remember that time in line at the supermarket when you got...
W: Ok, ok, I get your point. I'll put "sort of"/.
M: Ok, that's right.
W: Next one..."jealous"... I guess I am sort of jealous...
M: Sort of? I'd put "very". Remember how angry you got when my
ex-girlfriend called the other day? I remember you are gonna raise the roof...
W: All right, all right, " Very".
Part I- C
Ambitious and proud
Helpful and honest
Selfish and unreliable
Tape script:
George
W: So what are you going to do after you graduates, George?
G: I' m going to start my own business.
W: Oh, really? What type of business?
G: Well, I haven't decided yet, but I know I'll be successful in anything I do. In fact, I am going to be one of the top business people in town in less than five years. Just wait and see! I have everything it takes --I am smart, I can organize people. And I am full of ideas that can make money.
Karen
K: Hey! Look at this wallet on the sidewalk. Wow! There's lot of money
in it... But no identification. Mmm...I wonder how I can find the owner?
I guess I will take it to the police station and see if anyone has reported
a lost wallet.
Pam
M: What are you doing tonight, Pam?
P: Well, I was supposed to meet Bill after work for a movie, but I don't feel like going. I think I will go shopping instead.
M: Won't Bill get mad?
P: Oh, I am sure he can find something else to do.
M:Oh?
P: Besides, I really need some new clothes. I haven't bought any for nearly a month!
M:Huh!
Part II
Young boys
1. Measure the boys' abilities and how they felt about their own abilities;
2.Three groups--those with high self-esteem/middle self-esteem/low self-esteem
3. In all situation--at home/ at work/ in school/ with friends
1. Active/able to express ideas/successful in school and in relations with
other people/creative/led in discussions/interested in world problems/seldom tired or sick
2. Like the boys with high self-esteem/express ideas freely/saw the world as a good and happy place/ not sure of their own value
3. Sad most time/ afraid to start activities/ felt no love/ couldn't express ideas/ afraid of anger/no talk in discussion
a. closeness
b. good behavior b.almost anything
c.definite, strict, kind and thoughtful c. no definite
d. rewards d. harsh punishment
e. democratic, respected
f. importance, taken away f. didn't love them
Tape script:
Scientists have learned a great deal about the parts of brain and their functions. They have also studied the development of the personality, for example, how a baby learns to love. In recent studies at two universities in the United States, scientists have investigated the development of self-esteem.
Self-esteem is the respect a person has for himself, his belief in his ability and in the value of what he does. The scientists studied
self-esteem in young boys. They gave them many tests. These test measured the boys' abilities and also how they felt about their own abilities. After the tests, the boys were divided into three groups--those with high-esteem, those with middle-esteem and those with love self-esteem. The scientist continued to study the boys in all situations. They studied them at home, at work, in school, and with their friends.
From their studies, the scientists made some observations. Boys with high self-esteem were active. They were able to express their ideas. They were successful in school and in their relations with other people. In discussions, they led. They didn't just listen. They were interested in world problems. They were creative and believed that they could finish whatever they started. They seldom became tired or sick. In many ways, the boys with middle self-esteem were like the boys with high self-esteem. They too expressed their ideas freely and saw the world as a good and happy place. However, they were not sure of their own value as people. They did their best work when they were sure that other people liked them. The boys with low self-esteem were different from the other two groups. They were sad most of them time. They were afraid to start activities. They felt that no one loved them. They could not express their ideas. They were afraid of anger. In a discussion, they listened, but they didn't talk.
The scientists asked, "How do some boys develop high self-esteem?" :"What is different in their lives?" Some of the answers were surprising. High self-esteem did not depend upon physical appearance, or money, or size of family. It did not depend upon how much the mother was at home. The scientists found that there was a closeness between the boys with high self-esteem and their parents. Their parents showed real interest in them, and spend time with time . They listened to their sons and gave them help when the boys asked for it. They knew their sons' friends. The son knew that they were important to their parents. These parents demanded good behavior. They mad definite rules. They were strict, but not harsh. They corrected their sons' behavior by rewards, not by punishment. They never took away their love. On the other hand, the parents of boys with low self-esteem let their sons do almost anything. If a boy made a mistake, the parents punished him harshly. They boys believed that their parents didn't love them. There were no definite rules. The family life of the boys with high self-esteem was democratic. The parents made rules, but they led in a kind and thoughtful way. They showed respect for their children's ideas, even when they did not agree with them. They let the boys give their opinions in discussions of family plans. These boys were productive citizens. Now these scientists are studying other groups of children. They want to learn how to help children with low self-esteem
feel better about themselves. In this way, these children can become productive citizens too.
Part III- A
Sad, temporary, long, suffer from mental,
Anyone, ten , developing,
80 percent, drugs, effective, carefully
Without, activity, minor, walking, 30, four, improve, physical, traditional, hour, talking, doctors, Discussion, ways, problems Education, understand.
Part III - B1
Joyous, warm, loving
Manifest anger vent anger on somebody
Dump anger
Tape script
Speaker 1
I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like
if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.
Speaker 2
Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it.
Part III - B1
Punch bags with pictures of their boss
Laughing at it.
Tape script:
A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they go
back to work and they feel great.
B: Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.
C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.
Part IV
Classifying and organizing ideas
Ability, the facts or ideas, are related to one another
Roman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital
letters, small letters,
To the left, to the right, equal, the same distance, easy to see, the ideas before and after it.
No punctuation
Outlining, practice.
Unit 3 All can succeed
Part I-A
1. in your imagination
think into the future, possibilities, a positive way, the starting point
2. expect to win
fulfill the vision
3. opportunity
recognize, grab, a risk taker
Part I - B
1. organizational skills
2. results oriented
3. open-minded
4. in the decision process
5. parental and citizen
6. innovation and excellence
7. the develpment
8. Cooperation
9. students needs
10. ideas and plans
11. high quality performance
12. directly and clearly
13. continuous professional development
14. their background or position
15. a consensus builder
16. leardship skills
17. your bond, trustworthy
18. the position
19. personal integrity
20. work well with others
Part I- C
Escaped poverty, master's degree, worst slums, overwhelming odds, English university
Prospectus leaflet, discarded, set his heart, violent, crime-ridden, 13, principal breadwinner, drugs, beaten, attacked, came close, overdose, gaining a place, a visa, had doubts, genuine student, be rewarded
Part II - A
A1
mum, bringing up 3 children
physical disabilities, physical difficulty of arthritis, hold her back
a headmistress
an actor energy, self-publicist
A2
F T F F
Tape script:
Speaker 1
I think my mum's very successful because she's managed to bring up three children - excellently - in such a horrible society that we live in today. She's taught us to be kind and loving, she taught us to share, she taught us to love our family - be very family-oriented- and I think that's really important.
Speaker 2
The person that I can think of within my life, well, I probably can think of several but the one that instantly came to mind when you popped this question to me was somebody who lives in Harpenden and who has overcome physical difficulty of arthritis remarkably well, and not allowed it to
hold her back any more than is obviously necessary because of her physical disabilities. So I think she's made a very good - a great success of overcoming a difficulty.
Speaker 3
I think, Mable Davies, here who's very successful. She's a deaf lady who's now the headmistress and I think that must have been hard, so I've got a lot of respect for her, because my parents are also deaf so I know how difficult it is to work your way up having a handicap, so I've got quite a lot admiration to her.
Speaker 4
I think in professional terms Kenneth Branagh, the actor, has been very successful and I think the reason for this more than anything else is that he's a very good self-publicist. He is undoubtedly a very good actor. I've not seen him on stage, I've seen him on film and he's got an enormous amount of energy and as I say, he's a very good self-publicist.
A2
Statements:
13.According to the first speaker, the most important thing that mum taught her children is to love the family.
14.When the second speaker was interviewed, the successful person that immediately came to her mind was the one with arthritis.
15.The third speaker has a lot of respect for Mable Davies because she herself is a deaf.
16.The fourth speaker thinks that the actor has got an enormous amount of energy as he saw him on stage and on film.
Part II- B1
subordinate positions, serious responsibility, threshold, broom, sweeping out, salutary branch, future partner, try his hand, sweepers obtain employment, aim high, rest content, thoughts, concerns, at the top prime condition, energy, thought, captital, on that line, the most scattered their captial, brains, all wrong, watch that basket, take notice, fail, breaks, on his head, apt to tumble, lack of concentration
Part II- B2
Part III - B1
Joyous, warm, loving
Manifest anger vent anger on somebody
Dump anger
Tape script
Speaker 1
I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.
Speaker 2
Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something。