Pedal AngioplastyNew Techniques
2024年中国专家关于慢性阻塞性肺疾病的新观点英文版
2024年中国专家关于慢性阻塞性肺疾病的新观点英文版Title: New Perspectives on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in China by Experts in 2024In 2024, experts in China have put forward new perspectives on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This respiratory disease is a significant health concern globally, with a high prevalence in China. The experts have highlighted the importance of early detection and intervention in managing COPD. They emphasize the role of personalized treatment plans tailored to the individual needs of patients. Additionally, they stress the importance of lifestyle modifications, such as smoking cessation and regular exercise, in improving COPD outcomes.Furthermore, the experts have proposed novel approaches to COPD management, including the use of telemedicine and digital health technologies to monitor patients remotely. They also advocate for greater awareness and education about COPD among healthcareproviders and the general public. The experts believe that a multi-disciplinary approach involving collaboration between pulmonologists, primary care physicians, and respiratory therapists is essential for optimal COPD care.In conclusion, the new perspectives on COPD in China by experts in 2024 underscore the need for a comprehensive and holistic approach to managing this complex respiratory condition. By adopting personalized treatment plans, leveraging technology, and promoting education and awareness, it is hoped that the burden of COPD can be reduced and patient outcomes improved in the years to come.。
美国德州大学医学中心国际颅底外科新技术操作训练课程面向中国招生
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超声引导下单次髂筋膜阻滞复合丙泊酚麻醉在股骨粗隆间骨折手术中的应用效果及对患者认知功能的影响
2020年3月超声引导下单次髂筋膜阻滞复合丙泊酚麻醉在股骨粗隆间骨折手术中的应用效果及对患者认知功能的影响靳闪（郑州市第一人民医院，河南郑州，450000）摘要：目的探讨超声引导下单次髂筋膜阻滞复合丙泊酚麻醉在股骨粗隆间骨折手术患者中的应用效果及对患者认知功能的影响。
方法将在本院接受手术治疗的98例股骨粗隆间骨折患者按电脑数字表法随机分为对照组与试验组，各49例。
对照组给予丙泊酚全身麻醉，试验组在此基础上给予超声引导下单次髂筋膜阻滞。
比较两组麻醉效果、认知功能及S100β水平。
结果试验组患者的拔管与麻醉苏醒时间短于对照组，丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼用量少于对照组，术后2h VAS 评分低于对照组（P <0.05）。
术后，两组患者的MMSE 评分均降低，S100β水平均上升，但试验组均优于对照组（P <0.05）。
结论超声引导下单次髂筋膜阻滞复合丙泊酚在股骨粗隆间骨折患者中的麻醉效果显著，可减轻麻醉对患者认知功能的影响。
关键词：股骨粗隆间骨折；超声引导；单次髂筋膜阻滞；丙泊酚；认知功能中图分类号：R614文献标志码：A 文章编号：2096-1413(2020)09-0089-02DOI:10.19347/ki.2096-1413.202009037作者简介：靳闪（1991-），女，汉族，河南郑州人，住院医师，学士。
研究方向：麻醉学。
Effect of ultrasound-guided single iliac fascia block combined with propofol anesthesia for intertrochanteric fracture of femur and its influence on cognitive function of patientsJIN Shan(Zhengzhou First People's Hospital,Zhengzhou 450000,China)ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the application effect of ultrasound-guided single iliac fascia block combined with propofol anesthesia in the operation of intertrochanteric fracture of femur and its influence on cognitive function of patients.Methods A total of 98patients with intertrochanteric fracture of femur who accepted operation in our hospital were randomly divided into control group and experimental group according to the method of computer digital table,with 49cases in each group.The control group underwent general anesthesia with propofol,while the experimental group received ultrasound-guided single iliofemoral block on this basis.The anesthesia effects,cognitive function and S100βlevels between the two groups were compared.Results The recovery time of extubation and anesthesia in the experimental group were shorter than those in the control group,the dosage of propofol and remifentanil were less than those in the control group,and the VAS score at 2hours after operation was lower than that in the control group (P <0.05).After operation,the MMSE scores of the two groups decreased,and S100βlevels increased,but those in the experimental group were better than the control group (P <0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided single iliac fascia block combined with propofol anesthesia for patients with operation of intertrochanteric fracture of femur has significant effect,it can reduce the influence of anesthesia on patients'cognitive function.KEYWORDS:intertrochanteric fracture of femur;ultrasound-guided;single iliac fascia block;propofol;cognitive function临床医学股骨粗隆间骨折属于常见骨折类型的一种，多发生于老年人群，临床多以手术方案进行治疗，然而老年患者各项机体机能下降，对麻醉的耐受性较低，术后认知功能障碍的发生风险较大[1]。
《2024版中国抑郁症诊疗新方针》更新要点英文版
《2024版中国抑郁症诊疗新方针》更新要点英文版New Guidelines for Depression Diagnosis and Treatment in China in 2024In 2024, China has introduced updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of depression. The key focus of these new guidelines is to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and provide more effective treatment options for individuals suffering from depression.One of the main updates in the guidelines is the emphasis on early detection and intervention. Healthcare professionals are encouraged to screen for depression symptoms in routine medical appointments and refer patients for further evaluation if necessary. This proactive approach aims to identify depression in its early stages and prevent it from worsening.Another important aspect of the updated guidelines is the incorporation of holistic treatment approaches. In addition to traditionalmedication and therapy, the guidelines recommend the use of alternative treatments such as mindfulness meditation, exercise, and dietary changes. These holistic approaches aim to address the physical, emotional, and social aspects of depression to improve overall well-being.Furthermore, the guidelines highlight the importance of personalized treatment plans. Healthcare providers are encouraged to consider individual factors such as age, gender, and co-occurring medical conditions when designing treatment plans for patients with depression. This personalized approach is intended to improve treatment outcomes and ensure that patients receive the most effective care.In addition, the updated guidelines emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring and follow-up care. Healthcare providers are advised to regularly assess the progress of patients undergoing treatment for depression and make adjustments to their treatment plans as needed. This continuous monitoring is crucial for ensuring that patients receive the support they need to manage their symptoms and prevent relapse.Overall, the 2024 guidelines for depression diagnosis and treatment in China reflect a comprehensive and patient-centered approach to addressing this mental health condition. By focusing on early detection, holistic treatment, personalized care, and ongoing monitoring, these guidelines aim to improve outcomes for individuals living with depression in China.。
智能科技让我们哑口无言英语作文
智能科技让我们哑口无言英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Intelligent Technology Leaves Us SpeechlessAs a student, I often find myself in awe of the rapid advancements in intelligent technology that have taken place over the past few years. From artificial intelligence (AI) assistants that can engage in natural conversations to self-driving cars and robots that can perform complex tasks, it seems like the stuff of science fiction is quickly becoming a reality.Just a few years ago, the idea of having a digital assistant that could understand and respond to voice commands was revolutionary. Now, it's commonplace for people to use AI assistants like Siri, Alexa, or Google Assistant to set reminders, play music, or even control their smart home devices with simple voice commands. And these assistants are only getting smarter, with the ability to understand and respond to more complex queries and even engage in back-and-forth conversations.One of the most mind-blowing developments in AI has been the rise of large language models like GPT-3 and ChatGPT. Thesemodels have been trained on vast amounts of data from the internet, allowing them to generate human-like text on virtually any topic. From writing essays and articles to coding and even creative writing, these AI models are capable of producing content that would have been unimaginable just a few years ago.As a student, I can already see the potential for these AI writing assistants to revolutionize the way we learn and study. Imagine being able to ask an AI to explain a complex concept in simple terms, or to generate study materials tailored to your specific learning needs. The possibilities are endless, and it's both exciting and a little daunting to think about how this technology might change the way we approach education in the future.But it's not just in the realm of language and writing that AI is making waves. Computer vision technology, which allows machines to recognize and interpret visual data, has also made significant strides in recent years. From facial recognition systems to self-driving cars that can navigate complex environments, this technology is already being integrated into our daily lives in ways that would have seemed like science fiction not too long ago.One of the most impressive examples of computer vision technology is the development of robots that can perform intricate tasks with precision and accuracy that far exceeds human capabilities. These robots are being used in everything from manufacturing and assembly lines to surgery and even space exploration. It's mind-boggling to think about the level of complexity and coordination required for a robot to perform delicate surgical procedures or to navigate the treacherous terrain of another planet.As amazing as these technological advancements are, they also raise important questions and concerns. One of the biggest issues is the potential impact on employment and the workforce. As AI and automation become more advanced, there is a real possibility that many jobs currently performed by humans could become obsolete. This could lead to widespread job displacement and economic disruption, which would havefar-reaching consequences for society as a whole.Another concern is the ethical implications of these technologies, particularly in areas like AI decision-making and facial recognition. As AI systems become more sophisticated and are entrusted with making important decisions that could impactpeople's lives, it's crucial that we ensure these systems are transparent, accountable, and free from bias or discrimination.Privacy is also a major issue when it comes to technologies like facial recognition and data collection. As these systems become more pervasive, there is a risk of mass surveillance and erosion of personal privacy rights. It's important that we strike a balance between leveraging these technologies for their potential benefits while also protecting individual privacy and civil liberties.Despite these concerns, it's hard to deny the incredible potential of intelligent technology to transform our lives in ways we can barely imagine. From revolutionizing healthcare and scientific research to solving global challenges like climate change and food insecurity, AI and other advanced technologies could hold the key to addressing some of the biggest problems facing humanity.As a student, it's both exciting and a little intimidating to think about what the future might hold. Will AI assistants eventually replace human teachers and tutors? Will robots take over many of the jobs and professions we're currently studying for? Or will these technologies open up entirely new career paths and opportunities that we can't even conceive of yet?One thing is certain: the pace of technological change shows no signs of slowing down, and it's up to us to adapt and embrace these changes while also addressing the ethical and societal implications. As students, we have a unique opportunity to shape the future of these technologies and ensure that they are developed and deployed in a responsible and equitable manner.Whether it's through studying computer science, ethics, or policy-making, or simply by staying informed and engaged in the ongoing debates around these issues, we all have a role to play in navigating this brave new world of intelligent technology.In the end, while these advancements may leave us speechless in the moment, it's up to us to find our voices and ensure that we harness the power of these technologies for the greater good of humanity. The future is uncertain, but one thing is clear: intelligent technology is here to stay, and it's up to us to shape its impact on our world.篇2Intelligent Technology Leaves Us SpeechlessHave you ever felt like technology is advancing so rapidly that it's leaving you behind? Like you can barely keep up with the latest gadgets, apps, and innovations before something new andmind-blowing comes along? That's precisely how I've felt lately as developments in artificial intelligence and other cutting-edge fields have me constantly in awe and scratching my head wondering "How is this even possible?!"Maybe you've experienced that dumbfounded feeling when you first saw Boston Dynamics' terrifyingly agile robot dogs that can navigate all sorts of environments with ease. Or when you learned about AI language models like GPT-3 that can write shockingly coherent essays and stories after being given just a brief prompt. Heck, I wouldn't be surprised if an AI actually helped write this essay!The more I learn about the capabilities of modern AI, the more my jaw drops. It's astonishing to me that machines can now beat humans at tasks we once thought required true intelligence and creativity - like defeating grandmasters at chess and go, generating photorealistic artwork and music from scratch, and even developing innovative ideas fornext-generation batteries or cancer drugs.And we're still just scratching the surface of what may be possible with AI. Companies like Google, OpenAI, and DeepMind are making breathtaking advances year after year. A few decades from now, will we have hyper-intelligent AI assistants that cantutor us in any subject, diagnose our illnesses with remarkable accuracy, or optimize our households and cities for maximum efficiency and sustainability? The mind boggles at the potential implications.Of course, there are also very real concerns and risks around increasingly powerful AI that we need to thoughtfully grapple with as a society. What happens when AI surpasses human-level abilities across most domains? Will we become reliant on and subservient to superintelligent machines that could potential become unstable or pursue goals misaligned with our own wellbeing? These aren't just plots from ominous science fiction stories anymore - they're challenges we may have to confront in the coming decades if we can't develop advanced AI in a controlled and constrained manner.Not all recent technological upheavals have been in the AI realm either. Innovations in fields like quantum computing, nanotechnology, biotechnology, and material science often leave me awestruck too. Just think about groundbreaking advances like the quantum computers that can perform certain calculations exponentially faster than classical computers by exploiting quantum phenomena. Or scientists' newfound ability to not just read, but actually edit genomes with precision geneediting tools like CRISPR. Or the discovery of wonder materials like graphene - a hexagonal lattice of carbon just one atom thick that is stronger than diamond yet incredibly lightweight and conductive.Wrapping my head around the huge implications of these breakthroughs is incredibly tough. How will quantum computing impact fields like cryptography, materials design, andlogistics/optimization problems? Could gene editing allow us to not only treat genetic diseases, but actually upgrade humans with enhanced traits like higher intelligence or resistance to viruses? Will graphene or other nano-architectured metamaterials spawn a revolution in electronics, energy, and manufacturing? The possibilities are at once thrilling and overwhelming.Sometimes it feels like the science and technology sector has become a high-octane disruptor - constantly upending our core assumptions about what's possible and introducing capabilities that seem ripped from the pages篇3Intelligent Technology Leaves Us SpeechlessIn today's rapidly evolving world, technological advancements have become an integral part of our daily lives. From smartphones to artificial intelligence, we are constantly surrounded by innovations that were once deemed science fiction. Among these marvels, intelligent technology stands out as a realm that leaves us in awe, challenging our very understanding of what is possible.As a student, I find myself both fascinated and intimidated by the incredible strides made in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. These technologies have the potential to revolutionize various aspects of our lives, from education to healthcare, and even the way we interact with our environment.One area where intelligent technology has made remarkable progress is natural language processing (NLP). The ability of machines to understand, interpret, and generate human language has reached astonishing levels. Language models like ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, can engage in coherent and contextual conversations, answering complex queries and even assisting with writing tasks. It's mind-boggling to witness an AI system compose eloquent essays, poems, or even computer code with such fluency.As a student, the implications of NLP are far-reaching. Imagine having a virtual tutor that can explain complex concepts in a personalized manner, adapting to your learning style and pace. Or envision a world where language barriers are virtually non-existent, with real-time translation capabilities that facilitate seamless communication across cultures.However, the progress in AI raises ethical concerns that cannot be ignored. The potential for misuse, such as the generation of convincing misinformation or the perpetuation of biases inherent in the training data, is a real threat. As students, we must develop a critical mindset and learn to navigate this new landscape responsibly.Beyond language, intelligent technology has made remarkable strides in computer vision and pattern recognition. Algorithms can now identify objects, recognize faces, and even interpret complex visual scenes with accuracy rivaling human capabilities. This has far-reaching applications in fields like security, autonomous vehicles, and medical diagnostics.Imagine a future where self-driving cars are the norm, with AI systems capable of navigating complex urban environments with unprecedented precision. Or consider the potential ofAI-assisted medical imaging, where algorithms can detectcancerous growths or anomalies with greater accuracy than human radiologists, potentially saving countless lives.Yet, as we marvel at these achievements, we must also grapple with the ethical implications of such powerful technologies. Questions of privacy, bias, and the potential displacement of human labor loom large, demanding thoughtful discussions and responsible governance.Intelligent technology has also made significant inroads into decision-making and problem-solving domains. Advanced algorithms can now analyze vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with uncanny accuracy. From predicting stock market trends to optimizing supply chains, AI systems are becoming indispensable tools in various industries.As students, we are fortunate to witness the dawn of this technological revolution. However, we must also recognize the importance of developing a deep understanding of the underlying principles and algorithms that drive these systems. Only by cultivating a strong foundation in fields like mathematics, computer science, and statistics can we truly harness the potential of intelligent technology while mitigating its risks.Furthermore, the rise of intelligent technology calls for a multidisciplinary approach to education. Collaboration betweenfields such as computer science, ethics, psychology, and sociology is crucial to ensure that these technologies are developed and deployed responsibly, with a keen awareness of their societal implications.As we stand in awe of the remarkable achievements of intelligent technology, we must also acknowledge the challenges and uncertainties that lie ahead. The rapid pace of progress raises existential questions about the nature of intelligence, consciousness, and what it means to be human.Will we one day create an artificial general intelligence (AGI) that surpasses human capabilities across multiple domains? If so, how will we coexist with such a superintelligent entity? These are profound questions that require careful consideration and responsible stewardship.In conclusion, intelligent technology has truly left us speechless, both in awe of its achievements and in contemplation of its implications. As students, we stand at the forefront of this technological revolution, poised to shape the future with our knowledge, creativity, and ethical responsibility.It is our duty to embrace these advancements while remaining vigilant about their potential misuse. We must strive to foster a deep understanding of these technologies, cultivatecritical thinking skills, and engage in interdisciplinary collaborations to ensure that intelligent technology serves the greater good of humanity.Only by striking a balance between innovation and ethical considerations can we truly harness the transformative power of intelligent technology, leaving a lasting and positive impact on our world.。
内侧固定平台单髁置换术治疗膝关节前内侧骨关节炎或自发性骨坏死的近期临床疗效
内侧固定平台单髁置换术治疗膝关节前内侧骨关节炎或自发性骨坏死的近期临床疗效发布时间：2022-01-13T02:31:59.912Z 来源：《世界复合医学》2021年11期作者：刘培明[导读] 目的分析内侧固定平台单髁置换术治疗膝关节前内侧骨关节炎或自发性骨坏死的近期临床疗效。
刘培明哈尔滨市第五医院 150040【摘要】目的分析内侧固定平台单髁置换术治疗膝关节前内侧骨关节炎或自发性骨坏死的近期临床疗效。
方法选取本院2020年3月-11月期间收治的62例膝关节前内侧骨关节炎或自发性骨坏死患者进行回顾性研究，所有患者均实施内侧固定平台单髁置换术进行治疗。
并对治疗前后膝关节功能和影像学结果进行对比。
结果术后患者的V AS、KSS、OKS、ROM、HKA评分优于术前（P＜0.05）。
结论对膝关节前内侧骨关节炎或自发性骨坏死患者使用内侧固定平台单髁置换术进行治疗，能够显著改善患者的膝关节功能，值得推广。
【关键词】内侧固定平台单髁置换术；膝关节前内侧骨关节炎；自发性骨坏死；膝关节功能[Abstract] Objective To analyze the short-term clinical effect of medial fixed platform single condylar replacement in the treatment of anteromedial osteoarthritis or spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee. Methods 62 patients with anteromedial osteoarthritis or spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee treated in our hospital from March to November 2020 were studied retrospectively. All patients were treated with medial fixed platform single condylar replacement. The knee function and imaging results before and after treatment were compared. Results the scores of vas, KSS, OKs, ROM and HKA after operation were better than those before operation (P < 0.05). Conclusion single condylar replacement with medial fixed platform can significantly improve the knee function of patients with anteromedial osteoarthritis or spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee, which is worthy of popularization.【 key words 】 medial fixed platform single condylar replacement; Anterior medial osteoarthritis of knee joint; Spontaneous osteonecrosis; Knee function治疗膝关节前内侧骨关节炎或自发性骨坏死患者的阶梯治疗方法是单髁关节置换术，固定平台单髁置换术不会出现无垫片脱位并发症，且和活动平台单髁置换术的效果和假体生存率差不多，临床中越来越广泛的应用【1】。
获得科研idea的途径分类
获得科研idea的途径分类第一类称为Horizontal growth，所谓横向长。
比如有人在某乳腺癌细胞系做出一个新的结果，我现在手头有肝癌细胞系，用类似的方法和思路试试如何？这类的思路，显然没有什么创新性，但是这类似的思路，个人认为也并非完全不可取，比如最近有人在肿瘤学的著名期刊Cancer Research发文报道过量服用鱼油可使老鼠（记不得是小鼠还是大鼠了）增加得结肠癌的风险，但是类似的工作在人身上就从来没有人做过（不一定要给给人大剂量服用鱼油），这样的思路仍然很有意义，也很有希望发表很好的论文，所以做临床的医生多和搞基础的合作、交流，多看基础类的相关论文，就比较容易产生此类的新的科研思路。
第二类为Filling gaps。
这种思路在细胞信号传导研究中尤为常见，比如有人已经报道A 蛋白是B蛋白的上游蛋白，另外有人报道B蛋白是C蛋白的上游，但是A和C蛋白之间的关系就是个gap，无人报道，所以我就研究A和C的关系，这种结果一般都是可以预测的，创新性不大，尽管如此，这类的发现也照样可以发表文章，只是不大可能入CNS（Cell, Nature, Science）之类的牛刊的法眼。
第三：Working out details，比如著名期刊Cell在2010年曾报道了标题为“GPR120 is an omega-3 fatty acid receptor mediatingpotent anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects”的牛文。
虽然欧米伽-3脂肪酸(鱼油的主要活性成分）已经研究了很久了，但是这篇文章是一个里程碑式的突破，发现了欧米伽-3的受体GPR120。
但是两者作用的很多细节上不清楚，比如哪些是GPR120作为欧米伽-3的受体关键位点？两者在体外作用的动力学研究等等，事实上，这类的思路在我们国家（甚至整个世界）的研究中占了很大的比例，我们美其名曰跟踪世界前沿，这样的思路/idea尽管一本人系天天论文网就职11年的资深论文编辑；工作中与各大医学期刊杂志社进行学术交流过程中建立了稳定的编辑朋友圈，系多家医学杂志社的特约编辑，常年为医学期刊杂志供稿，负责天天论文网医学论文·分检·编校·推送·指导等工作！工作企鹅1:1550116010工作企鹅2：766085044般不能出第一流的成果，但是也能发二三流的文章。
2024年亚洲心肺复苏研究进展英文版
2024年亚洲心肺复苏研究进展英文版Research Progress on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Asia in 2024In 2024, the field of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in Asia has seen significant advancements. Various studies have focused on improving survival rates and outcomes for individuals experiencing cardiac arrest. Research has emphasized the importance of early recognition of cardiac arrest, prompt initiation of CPR, and effective post-resuscitation care.One key area of progress is the integration of technology into CPR training and delivery. Virtual reality simulations and mobile applications have been developed to enhance CPR education and provide real-time guidance during resuscitation efforts. These technological advancements aim to improve the quality of CPR performed by both healthcare professionals and laypersons.Additionally, research has highlighted the importance of bystander CPR in improving survival rates. Community-based CPR training programs have been implemented to empower individuals to respond effectively in emergency situations. These programs have been successful in increasing bystander CPR rates and ultimately saving more lives.Furthermore, studies have explored the use of novel CPR techniques and devices to improve outcomes. From mechanical CPR devices to targeted temperature management strategies, researchers have been investigating innovative approaches to enhance resuscitation efforts and optimize patient outcomes.Overall, the research progress on cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Asia in 2024 reflects a commitment to improving the quality of care for individuals experiencing cardiac arrest. By leveraging technology, promoting bystander CPR, and exploring novel techniques, researchers are working towards enhancing survival rates and outcomes in the region.。
开启片剂完整性的窗户(中英文对照)
开启片剂完整性的窗户日本东芝公司，剑桥大学摘要：由日本东芝公司和剑桥大学合作成立的公司向《医药技术》解释了FDA支持的技术如何在不损坏片剂的情况下测定其完整性。
太赫脉冲成像的一个应用是检查肠溶制剂的完整性，以确保它们在到达肠溶之前不会溶解。
关键词：片剂完整性，太赫脉冲成像。
能够检测片剂的结构完整性和化学成分而无需将它们打碎的一种技术，已经通过了概念验证阶段，正在进行法规申请。
由英国私募Teraview公司研发并且以太赫光（介于无线电波和光波之间）为基础。
该成像技术为配方研发和质量控制中的湿溶出试验提供了一个更好的选择。
该技术还可以缩短新产品的研发时间，并且根据厂商的情况，随时间推移甚至可能发展成为一个用于制药生产线的实时片剂检测系统。
TPI技术通过发射太赫射线绘制出片剂和涂层厚度的三维差异图谱，在有结构或化学变化时太赫射线被反射回。
反射脉冲的时间延迟累加成该片剂的三维图像。
该系统使用太赫发射极，采用一个机器臂捡起片剂并且使其通过太赫光束，用一个扫描仪收集反射光并且建成三维图像(见图)。
技术研发太赫技术发源于二十世纪九十年代中期13本东芝公司位于英国的东芝欧洲研究中心，该中心与剑桥大学的物理学系有着密切的联系。
日本东芝公司当时正在研究新一代的半导体，研究的副产品是发现了这些半导体实际上是太赫光非常好的发射源和检测器。
二十世纪九十年代后期，日本东芝公司授权研究小组寻求该技术可能的应用，包括成像和化学传感光谱学，并与葛兰素史克和辉瑞以及其它公司建立了关系，以探讨其在制药业的应用。
虽然早期的结果表明该技术有前景，但日本东芝公司却不愿深入研究下去，原因是此应用与日本东芝公司在消费电子行业的任何业务兴趣都没有交叉。
这一决定的结果是研究中心的首席执行官DonArnone和剑桥桥大学物理学系的教授Michael Pepper先生于2001年成立了Teraview公司一作为研究中心的子公司。
TPI imaga 2000是第一个商品化太赫成像系统，该系统经优化用于成品片剂及其核心完整性和性能的无破坏检测。
下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的腔内治疗基本技巧
下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的腔内治疗基本技巧刘昌伟;刘暴【摘要】@@ 随着腔内介入技术的日新月异和腔内材料的不断更新,腔内治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的范围逐渐扩大,从2000年TASC(Transatlantic Inter-Society Consensus)到2007年TASC Ⅱ可以看出,腔内治疗的病例正在增加,腔内治疗的指征也逐渐扩大,越来越多的血管外科医师对TASC C、D级病变尝试腔内介入治疗.本文结合我科多年的腔内治疗经验,对下肢动脉闭塞腔内介入的技巧进行了总结.【期刊名称】《中国微创外科杂志》【年(卷),期】2011(011)001【总页数】2页(P13-14)【作者】刘昌伟;刘暴【作者单位】中国协和医学院北京协和医院血管外科中心,北京,100032;中国协和医学院北京协和医院血管外科中心,北京,100032【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R654.3随着腔内介入技术的日新月异和腔内材料的不断更新,腔内治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的范围逐渐扩大,从 2000年 TASC(Transatlantic Inter-Society Consensus)到2007年TASCⅡ可以看出,腔内治疗的病例正在增加,腔内治疗的指征也逐渐扩大,越来越多的血管外科医师对 TASCC、D级病变尝试腔内介入治疗。
本文结合我科多年的腔内治疗经验,对下肢动脉闭塞腔内介入的技巧进行了总结。
1 掌握治疗指征是成功的前提下肢缺血的外科手术或腔内治疗的指征是针对重症下肢缺血患者采取的积极救肢的方法,而对于症状较轻的患者,不应过于积极采取外科手术。
换言之,对于下肢缺血患者究竟是选择外科手术或腔内治疗还是保守治疗应当根据临床症状而定,根据Rutherford分级标准来选择治疗方法。
一般情况下,0～Ⅱ级的病例,应优先考虑药物治疗和行走锻炼,而对于RutherfordⅢ～Ⅵ级的病例大多需要外科手术或血管腔内的微创治疗。
对于具有外科治疗指征的患者,应当选择传统的动脉旁路手术还是血管腔内微创治疗主要根据TASCⅡ(2007)分级标准而定。
雅思考试阅读核心认知词-医学健康篇
雅思考试阅读核心认知词-医学健康篇advent [ˈædvent] n.到来，出现acupuncture [ˈækjupʌŋktʃə（r）] n.针刺疗法，针灸afflict [əˈflɪkt] v.使苦恼；折磨ailment [ˈeɪlmənt] n.疾病allergy [ˈælədʒi] n.过敏反应，过敏anatomy [əˈnætəmi] n.解剖学；解剖antidote [ˈæntidəʊt] n.解毒药artery [ˈɑːtəri] n.动脉；要道arthritis [ɑːˈθraɪtɪs] n.关节炎asthma [ˈæsmə] n.哮喘症athlete [ˈæθliːt] n.运动员；擅长运动的人audio [ˈɔːdiəʊ] a.听觉的；声音的autoimmune [ˌɔːtəʊɪˈmjuːn] a.自身免疫的backbone [ˈbækbəʊn] n.脊柱；骨干，支柱bacterial [bækˈtɪəriəl] a.细菌的bruise [bruːz] n.挫伤v.受挫；擦伤bulk [bʌlk] n.大量a.大批的cardiology [ˌkɑːdiˈɒlədʒi] n.心脏病学cardiovascular [ˌkɑːdiəʊˈvæskjələ（r）] a.心血管的cervical [ˈsɜːvɪkl] a.子宫颈的；颈部的check-up [ˈtʃek ʌp] n.检查；体格检查chemotherapy [ˌkiːməʊˈθerəpi] n.化学疗法clinic [ˈklɪnɪk] n.门诊部；诊所complementary [ˌkɒmplɪˈmentri] a.补足的，补充的concur [kənˈkɜː（r）] v.同意，一致consultation [ˌkɒnslˈteɪʃn] n.咨询；磋商coordinate [kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪt] v.协调，调节；配合curative [ˈkjʊərətɪv] a.有疗效的defective [dɪˈfektɪv] a.有缺陷的，不完美的detection [dɪˈtekʃn] n.侦查；察觉deviance [ˈdiːviəns] n.异常者的行为/特征diabetes [ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz] n.糖尿病；多尿症diagnose [ˈdaɪəɡnəʊz] v.诊断；判断disfigure [dɪsˈfɪɡə（r）] v.毁容dizziness [ˈdɪzinəs] n.头昏眼花，眩晕domesticate [dəˈmestɪkeɪt] v.驯养；教化dose [dəʊs] n.剂量，一剂dubious [ˈdjuːbiəs] a.怀疑的；靠不住的dumb [dʌm] a.哑的，无说话能力的；不说话的，无声音的dynamic [daɪˈnæmɪk] a.动力的，活跃的dystrophy [ˈdɪstrəfi] n.营养障碍；营养不良elbow [ˈelbəʊ] n.肘；（衣服的）肘部embryo [ˈembriəʊ] n.胚，胚胎；事物的萌芽期emerge [ɪˈmɜːdʒ] v.出现；显露，（事实等）暴露emotion [ɪˈməʊʃn] n.感情；情绪epidemic [ˌepɪˈdemɪk] n.流行病；流行a.（疾病）流行性的esoteric [ˌiːsəˈterɪk] a.只有内行才懂的；难懂的essence [ˈesns] n.本质；精髓ethanol [ˈeθənɒl] n.乙醇excess [ɪkˈses] n.超越；过量a.过量的，额外的excessively [ɪkˈsesɪvli] ad.过分地；过度地exclusively [ɪkˈskluːsɪvli] ad.专有地，专门地exhaustive [ɪɡˈzɔːstɪv] a.详尽的；彻底的extract [ɪkˈstrækt] v.取出；提取[ˈekstrækt] n.摘录；提出物extraction [ɪkˈstrækʃn] n.提取，提炼；抽出，拔出；开采feeble [ˈfiːbl] a.虚弱的；无效的female [ˈfiːmeɪl] n.女子a.女（性）的；雌性的foetus [ˈfiːtəs] n.胎儿fungus [ˈfʌŋɡəs] n.真菌；霉菌gene [dʒiːn] n.基因gene recombination 基因重组germ [dʒɜːm] n.微生物；细菌；胚芽gland [ɡlænd] n.腺glow [ɡləʊ] n.灼热；色彩鲜艳v.发热；洋溢；绚丽夺目glutamate [ˈɡluːtəmeɪt] n.谷氨酸盐heal [hiːl] v.治愈，康复；调停healing [ˈhiːlɪŋ] n.康复，复原a.有疗效的hypnotic [hɪpˈnɒtɪk] a.催眠的n.安眠药inflammable [ɪnˈflæməbl] a.易燃的；易怒的influenza [ˌɪnfluˈenzə] n.流行性感冒instinct [ˈɪnstɪŋkt] n.本能，直觉；天性intensity [ɪnˈtensəti] n.强烈，剧烈；强度intestine [ɪnˈtestɪn] n.[pl.]肠a.内部的iris [ˈaɪrɪs] n.[pl.irises，irides]虹；（眼球的）虹膜jaw [dʒɔː] n.颌；颚liver [ˈlɪvə（r）] n.肝脏；居住者meagre [ˈmiːɡə（r）] a.痩的；（尤指食物）粗劣的meditation [ˌmedɪˈteɪʃn] n.冥想；沉思，深思melatonin [ˌmeləˈtəʊnɪn] n.褪黑激素mental [ˈmentl] a.心理的，精神的；智力的modify [ˈmɒdɪfaɪ] v.更改，修改；（语法上）修饰molecule [ˈmɒlɪkjuːl] n.分子mood [muːd] n.心情，情绪musculo-skeletal [ˈmʌskjʊləʊˈskelətl] a.肌与骨骼的neural [ˈnjʊərəl] a.神经的；神经系统的；神经中枢的neurotrophic [ˌnjʊərəˈtrɒfɪk] a.神经营养的；亲神经的；向神经的obesity [əʊˈbiːsəti] n.肥大，肥胖odour [ˈəʊdə（r）] n.气味organ [ˈɔːɡən] n.器官；机构organism [ˈɔːɡənɪzəm] n.生物，有机体paralysis [pəˈræləsɪs] n.瘫痪，麻痹parasite [ˈpærəsaɪt] n.寄生虫pathology [pəˈθɒlədʒi] n.病理学；病变preserve [prɪˈzɜːv] v.保护，维护；保存，保养；保鲜，贮存pharmaceutical [ˌfɑːməˈsuːtɪkl] a.制药的n.药物physician [fɪˈzɪʃn] n.内科医生，医师poisonous [ˈpɔɪzənəs] a.有毒的；恶毒的predatory [ˈpredətri] a.掠夺的，掠夺成性的；食肉的；捕食生物的pregnancy [ˈpreɡnənsi] n.怀孕，怀孕期prevention [prɪˈvenʃn] n.预防；防止；防范preventive [prɪˈventɪv] a.预防性的n.预防法psyche [ˈsaɪki] n.灵魂；心灵psychiatrist [saɪˈkaɪətrɪst] n.精神病学家；精神病医生psychology [saɪˈkɒlədʒi] n.心理学；心理特征quantitative [ˈkwɒntɪtətɪv] a.定量的；量的，数量的relentless [rɪˈlentləs] a.无情的，残酷的reproduction [ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃn] n.繁殖，生殖；复制；复制品respiratory [rəˈspɪrətri] a.呼吸的robust [rəʊˈbʌst] a.健壮的，强壮的sanitation [ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn] n.公共卫生；卫生设施sinew [ˈsɪnjuː] n.肌腱；[pl.]肌肉slumber [ˈslʌmbə（r）] v./n.睡眠span [spæn] n.跨距；一段时间v.持续；横跨spasmodic [spæzˈmɒdɪk] a.痉挛的；间歇性的specimen [ˈspesɪmən] n.标本speculation [ˌspekjuˈleɪʃn] n.猜测，推测；思索；投机买卖spine [spaɪn] n.脊柱stammer [ˈstæmə（r）] v.口吃n.结巴，口吃steady [ˈstedi] a.稳的；稳定的v.使稳定strain [streɪn] n.拉力；扭伤，拉伤；压力v.拉伤，扭伤；尽力；拉紧stroke [strəʊk] n.中风；用手划水；划桨v.抚摸succumb [səˈkʌm] v.屈服；因……死亡survive [səˈvaɪv] v.活下来；幸免于swap [swɒp] v./n.交换tablet [ˈtæblət] n.药片temper [ˈtempə（r）] n.情绪v.使缓和therapist [ˈθerəpɪst] n.（某种疗法的）治疗专家thigh [θaɪ] n.大腿toxin [ˈtɒksɪn] n.毒素，毒质uneasy [ʌnˈiːzi] a.心神不安的，担心的vary [ˈveəri] v.改变，变化；（使）多样化virus [ˈvaɪrəs] n.病毒waist [weɪst] n.腰，腰部wastage [ˈweɪstɪdʒ] n.消耗量；损耗womb [wuːm] n.子宫；发源地worm [wɜːm] n.蠕虫；[pl.]寄生虫，肠虫。
后再灌注时代
Circulation. 2003;107:2115-2119
ST段回落与T波倒置 ST段回落与 段回落与T
Resolution of ST-Segment Elevation and T-wave inversion
Reliability of Resolution of ST-Segment Elevation After Coronary Reperfusion in Predicting Myocardial Salvage in Anterior Wall Acute Myocardial Infarction
Am J Cardiol 2002;90:227–232
ST段回落 ST段回落
综合灌注指标
Combined Assessment of TIMI，MB ， and RSTE
Integrated Analysis of Myocardial Blush and ST-Segment Elevation Recovery After Successful Primary Angioplasty
Am J Cardiol 2004;93:1362–1367
Combined Assessment of Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Flow Grade,Myocardial Perfusion Grade，and ST-Segment Resolution to ， Evaluate Epicardial and Myocardial Reperfusion
Am J Cardiol 2002;90:227–232
Reliability of Resolution of ST-Segment Elevation After Coronary Reperfusion in Predicting Myocardial Salvage in Anterior Wall Acute Myocardial Infarction
angioplastyandstent冠脉血管成形术及支架
感谢您的观看！
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You can help prevent plaque buildup inside your arteries with a few changes to your lifestyle:
Exercise more Drop some pounds if you're overweight Quit smoking if you've got the tobacco habit Reduce stress Take all medications your doctor prescribes
Most of the time stents are placed during angioplasty.
Angioplas ty
PCI
经皮冠状动脉介入术
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Bypass Surgery
Stent
支架
Step 1
An angioplasty is done using a thin, soft tube called a catheter. A doctor inserts the catheter into a blood vessel in the groin or wrist.
Groin
腹股沟
Femoral Artery
股动脉
12
Cathete r
导管
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Heart
Step 2
A guide wire and balloon are placed in the coronary artery.After the catheter reaches the artery, your doctor will move the guide wire farther into the narrowed or blocked portion.
从btk到bta,cli腔内治疗新认识_包俊敏
Case1. 85yrs,m. forefoot ulceration 1mon.DM
Deep 2*120
spasm
Completion angiogram
after before
Case2. 72yrs,m. rest pain 1mon.DM
Deep 2*120
BTK Vessels
7 A. dorsalis pedi 8 A. plantaris medialis 9 A. lateralis 10 Arcus plantaris
From Dr.Aห้องสมุดไป่ตู้berto Cremonesi
×BTA腔内治疗径路的选择 对侧股A交叉径路(逆行穿刺)
Crossover access
穿刺成功率高，便于压迫止血 操作路径长，器具操控和推送有一定困难 球囊输送杆长度不够
从BTK到BTA, CLI 腔内治疗新认识
第二军医大学 上海长海医院血管外科
包俊敏 baojmxueguan
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD,周围动脉疾病)
无临床症状 80%
有临床症状
重症肢体缺血
Critical limb ischaemia(CLI)
•静息痛
•缺血性溃疡
腔内治疗 – 经皮血管成形术(PTA) – 支架成形术 – 置管溶栓术 – 斑块切除术 – 超声消融术
*腔内治疗技术的提高和经验的积累
*腔内治疗器具的不断更新和进步
● 小直径(0.014/0.018)导管系统 ● 自膨式镍钛支架 ● 新一代球囊
小外径（low profile） 高压力 低顺应性 高强度 长球囊
无症状
运动试验正常
神经外科宣传栏2
双微导管技术 Double Microcatheter Technique
弹簧圈固位技术
—— 针对颅内宽颈动脉瘤
表面改良弹簧圈
—— 降低颅内动脉Байду номын сангаас栓塞后再通率
带膜支架
—— 颅内动脉瘤和动静脉瘘的新克星
静脉入路
2．脑梗塞：导管内纤维碎片、凝血块进入脑动 脉。
3．特殊病例中常规操作亦可造成并发症：如基 底动脉大夹层动脉瘤正常量造影剂可致死 亡；有血液系统疾病的、血管脆性改变的， 即便轻柔操作也可出现血管破裂出血。
4．导管、导丝断裂。
开展神经介入的必须条件
Equipment---设备：我院引进CT,DSA为 神经介入开展提供了良好的基础设施
新技术新材料使神经介入 舞台更宽更大
• 更好的影像设备(MR、DSA) • 更好的导入方法与器具 • 基因及生物工程材料
弹簧圈固位技术 Coil-retention Technique
成篮技术 Basketing Technique
球囊再塑形技术 Balloon Remodeling Technique
并发症出现后难恢复
神经介入并发症
（一）分类有许多方法，比如：与病因有关。 1．缺血性：脑和脊髓梗塞；痉挛 2．出血性：脑动脉瘤、动静脉畸形 （AVM）破裂出血 3．过敏性或中毒性：材料过敏；造影剂 过敏 4．其它：
神经介入并发症
（二）与操作过程有关：
1．普通介入造影操作的并发症：穿刺点血肿， 假性动脉瘤，夹层动脉瘤，喉头痉 挛与水肿，下肢动脉缺血、闭塞（小儿大导管）。
Technique---技术：非一日之功，需要循 序渐进