句子成分的划分解析及练习

句⼦成分的划分解析及练习
句⼦成分的划分
英语句⼦成分：组成句⼦的各个部分即句⼦成分。

句⼦成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补⾜语等。

⼀、主语（subject）: 句⼦说明的⼈或事物。

1.The sun rises in the east.太阳从东⽅升起。

（名词）
2.He likes dancing.他喜欢跳舞。

（代词）
3.Twenty years is a short time in history. ⼆⼗年在历史中是个很短的时间。

(数词)
4.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

（动名词）
5.To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

（不定式）
6.What he needs is a book. 他所需要的是本书（主语从句）
⼆、谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

1.We study English. 我们学习英语
2. He is asleep. 他睡着了。

三、表语（predicative）:表⽰主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，表语前⾯的动词称为系动词。

1. He is a teacher.他是个⽼师（名词
2. Five and five is ten.五加五等于⼗（数词）
3.He is asleep.他睡着了（形容词）
4.His father is in. 他的⽗亲在家（副词）
5.The picture is on the wall.画在墙上。

(介词短语)
6.That sounds good 那听起来很好。

7.Tom looks thin. 汤姆看上去很瘦。

常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来)，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来、吃起来）...
四、宾语：动作、⾏为的对象
1.I like China.我喜欢中国。

（名词）
2.You can help me. 你能帮助我。

（代词）
3.How many do you need? We need two. 你们需要多少？我们需要两个。

（数词）
4. I like playing soccer. 我喜欢踢⾜球。

（动名词）
5.I want to have an apple. 我想要吃个苹果。

（不定式）
6.Did you write down what he said? 你写下他所说的话了吗？（宾语从句）
双宾语-----间接宾语（指⼈）和直接宾语（指物）
Tom’s mother buy him some books.汤姆的妈妈给他买了⼀些书。

五、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补⾜语。

1.We elected him monitor. 我们选他当班长（名词）
2.We will make them happy. 我们将让他们⾼兴。

（形容词）
3. We found nobody in. 我们发现没⼈在⾥⾯。

( 副词)
4.His father help him to do his homework. 他的⽗亲帮他做家庭作业。

（带to不定式）
六、定语：修饰名词或代词的词、词组或句⼦。

1. He is a Chinese teacher. 他是个语⽂⽼师。

（名词）
2. He is our friend. 他是我们的朋友。

（代词）
3. I have three books. 我有三本书。

（数词）
4. He is a good student. 他是个好学⽣。

（形容词）
5.The boy in red is my brother. 穿红⾐服的男孩是我的弟弟。

(介词短语)
七、状语：⽤来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句⼦。

表⽰⾏为发⽣的时间、地点、原因、⽬的、结果、程度、条件、⽅式等。

1.I go to school at seven o’clock.我在七点钟上学。

2.He reads the book in the room.他在房间⾥看书。

3.I don’t lik e thrillers because they are scary. 我不喜欢恐怖⽚因为它们太吓⼈了。

⼆、选出句中谓语的中⼼词（10分，10分钟）
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't
B. like
C. picture
D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get
B. longer
C. days
D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do
B. usually
C. go
D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A. Did
B. twins
C. have
D. breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom
B. didn't
C. do
D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this.
A. want
B. to tell
C. you
D. is
⑧ We had better send for a doctor.
A. We
B. had
C. send
D. doctor
⑨ He is interested in music.
A. is
B. interested
C. in
D. music
⑩ Whom did you give my book to?
A. give
B.did
C. whom
D. book
(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语。

① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑦ They made him monitor of the class.
⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas” really is.
(四) 挑出下列句中的表语。

① The old man was feeling very tired.
② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
(五) 挑出下列句中的定语。

① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.
② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补⾜语。

①Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语。

① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.。