英语句子成分及简单句分析讲解

练习：找出下列句子的谓语部分 The bus stopped. He smiles. The concert has ended. We must wait for her. The car won't go. The baby can talk. He walked to the store. Our house lies between the trees and the river. She is doing well at school. Beautiful flowers bloom（盛开） in the garden in spring. It rained heavily last night. The old lady was cheated by the man. She graduated from the language college. The child behaved（举止） badly at the party.
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物 get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物 make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物 prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某 物
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词（短语） 原形构成，可构成某种时态或语态。（初中英语8中时态： 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去 进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时）如： You may keep the book for two weeks. I will go to Beijing tomorrow. He has caught a bad cold. Suddenly,the clouds cleared and the rain stopped. we would never permit such a thing. He is looking for his English book. She was watching TV at 8 o’clock yesterday evening. A tiger was killed by the hunter.
The plate was broken by the dog. Our work will be finished by the end of next week. The plane will take off soon. They talked for two hours. He will fly to Beijing tomorrow. A lot of trees are being cut down. I come to see you. He was running on the playground . My father went to the beach to spend his weekend.
The river has been polluted. He comes back to look for his wallet. We went to the theater last night to watch a new play. I get up early in order to have time to read English. He hurried so as to catch the sky train. Most of the things can be bought on the Internet. He ran to the station only to find the train left. They walked into the garden.
系动词的分类： 1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。 2）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有 keep,remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 The shop stays open until 9 o’clock.
3）表像系动词 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作 形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
主语谓语主语谓语宾语主语谓语间接宾语指人直接宾语指物主语谓语宾语宾语补足语主语系动词表语be句型由此可见一个句子的核心是谓语动词那么谓语句的6种基本句型： 主语+谓语 主语+谓语+宾语 主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语 （指物） ④主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 ⑤主语+系动词+表语 ⑥There be句型
五、宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要 有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语 补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等)+宾 语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分 词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. （不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 6）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,trun out, 表达"证实"，" 变成"之意，例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）
一、谓语 由此可见，一个句子的核心是谓语动词，那么，谓语 动词的形式有哪些呢？ 谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。 动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成 如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语（动词+介词/副 词）构成。如： He works in this factory. I like reading books. They look after the old man.
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、 代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及 表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
二、主语 从位置关系上看，主语通常是在谓语之前（除了倒装句）， 因此，找准了谓语，主语自然就显露出来了。 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名 词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语 从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
四、宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词（短语） 和介词后面，因此在学习中，要注意掌握动词（短语）的词 性。例如： They saw an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词 化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如： Lend me your dictionary, please. bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况
三、表语 明确了系动词，表语就容易了。系动词后所给的就是表语， 但要注意be动词的使用，并非be动词所跟的都是表语，要注 意区分；be+V-ing构成进行时，be+V-ed构成被动语态；在 这两结构中的be动词没有实际意义；而做系动词使用的be动 词，表示“是”的意思，或者表示主语所处的状态。 判断这些句子的类型并理解be动词的用法（连系动词／助动 词） 1.The boy is asleep (_______________式) 2.The boy is sleeping. (_______________式) 3.The boy is playing the guitar. (_____________式) 4.He is playing happily. (____________式) 5.His music is very beautiful. (_______________式) 6.It is beautiful music. (_____________式)