unit实用PPT课件
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a. ridiculous or unreasonable 荒谬的， 荒唐的
a. (of a price or sum of money) very small (价格或金额) 微不足道的
v. to punish 予以处罚
a. (of a price or charge) excessively high （价格或收费）使人望而却步的
penalize prohibitive
第11页/共66页
PartB_1_a_1 Listening Tasks
Speaking Tasks
第6页/共66页
PartA_2
Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
• In politics, polls are used to obtain information about people’s (voters’) attitudes toward issues and candidates / help politicians make decisions / help analysts predict the result of an election, a political campaign, etc.
PartA_1_a Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
Questions for Discussion
1. What is an opinion poll? 2. How are opinion polls conducted? 3. What topics are usually surveyed in opinion polls? 4. Have you ever been asked to participate in an opinion
第3页/共66页
PartA_1_demo_a Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
7. Do you think opinion polls are true reflections of public opinion? Why or why not?
No, I don't think opinion polls are true reflections of public opinion. Sometimes, polling organizations try to use polls to influence rather than to reflect public opinion. For example, early in 1945 the Gallup Poll released results of a survey which showed that a majority of voters favored a "work or fight" bill rather than attempts to get people into war jobs by voluntary methods. The division of opinion was reported that "Favor keeping voluntary methods"
• A biased sample, no matter how large, cannot be trusted.
• Inappropriately phrased questions may affect poll results and reduce the reliability of a poll.
第8页/共66页
PartA_2
Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
• In order to ensure the accuracy of poll results, interview questions must be properly worded and tested before use, the sample scientifically selected, and the data from the poll correctly analyzed.
第10页/共66页
PartB_1_a_1 Listening Tasks
Speaking Tasks
Word Bank
Language and Cultural Notes Exercise 1
Exercise 2
percentage absurd nominal
n. a rate, number, or amount in each hundred 百分比
第9页/共66页
PartA_2
Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
• If the sample of a poll is well selected, it represents a near replica of the entire population.
• Some polls are unreliable / biased / not accurate. They are based on samples that are too small or badly chosen. / The questions they ask are confusing and can actually distort public opinion.
• Many people doubt the reliability of opinion polls / are not convinced that the opinions of a small sample of the population are a reliable representation of the opinions of the whole / think poll results are not objective.
PartA_2
Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
• Public opinion surveys are conducted by telephone / by mail or email / in person / online.
• Polling topics can be as diverse as public policies, controversial social issues, elections, consumer preferences, and academic research projects.
opinion? Why or why not?
第2页/共66页
PartA_1_demo_a Pre-listening Task
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Language Focus
6. What factors affect the accuracy of opinion polls?
The accuracy of opinion polls is the extent to which they accurately reflect the true population opinions that they are intended to measure. Various factors may affect public opinion poll results' accuracy, including the sampling frames and the procedures used to select individuals from these, the questions asked and the response mechanisms employed, the interviewer's characteristics, the timing of polls, the identification of likely voters, and the treatment of undecided respondents. These
第4页/共66页
PartA_2
Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
Here are some sentences and structures that you might find useful in discussing the above questions.
• An opinion poll is a survey of public opinion on a certain subject / a study in which people are asked for their opinion about a certain subject or a certain person / a snapshot of the opinions of a group of people at a particular time.
• Polls sponsored by interest groups should always be taken with caution. Poll questions can be framed and samples chosen to produce answers favorable to the interest group.
poll? If yes, what was it about?
第1页/共66页
PartA_1_a Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
5. What is the use and value of opinion polls? 6. What factors affect the accuracy of opinion polls? 7. Do you think opinion polls are true reflections of public
第7页/共66页
PartA_2
Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
• In general, the larger the size of the sample, the more reliable the results.
• The sample of a poll must be representative of the whole population.
• When conducting a sur vey, pollsters ask a representative sample of their opinions and then generalize their findings to the larger population.
第5页/共66页
• Opinion polls provide the best direct source of information about public opinion.
• Polls give people an opportunity to express their views on issues that affect their lives.
• In business, polls are used to find out what potential customers want / what customers like or dislike about a product or service.
• Factors that affect the accuracy of opinion polls include sample size, question wording, order of questions, interviewing skills, etc.
a. (of a price or sum of money) very small (价格或金额) 微不足道的
v. to punish 予以处罚
a. (of a price or charge) excessively high （价格或收费）使人望而却步的
penalize prohibitive
第11页/共66页
PartB_1_a_1 Listening Tasks
Speaking Tasks
第6页/共66页
PartA_2
Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
• In politics, polls are used to obtain information about people’s (voters’) attitudes toward issues and candidates / help politicians make decisions / help analysts predict the result of an election, a political campaign, etc.
PartA_1_a Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
Questions for Discussion
1. What is an opinion poll? 2. How are opinion polls conducted? 3. What topics are usually surveyed in opinion polls? 4. Have you ever been asked to participate in an opinion
第3页/共66页
PartA_1_demo_a Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
7. Do you think opinion polls are true reflections of public opinion? Why or why not?
No, I don't think opinion polls are true reflections of public opinion. Sometimes, polling organizations try to use polls to influence rather than to reflect public opinion. For example, early in 1945 the Gallup Poll released results of a survey which showed that a majority of voters favored a "work or fight" bill rather than attempts to get people into war jobs by voluntary methods. The division of opinion was reported that "Favor keeping voluntary methods"
• A biased sample, no matter how large, cannot be trusted.
• Inappropriately phrased questions may affect poll results and reduce the reliability of a poll.
第8页/共66页
PartA_2
Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
• In order to ensure the accuracy of poll results, interview questions must be properly worded and tested before use, the sample scientifically selected, and the data from the poll correctly analyzed.
第10页/共66页
PartB_1_a_1 Listening Tasks
Speaking Tasks
Word Bank
Language and Cultural Notes Exercise 1
Exercise 2
percentage absurd nominal
n. a rate, number, or amount in each hundred 百分比
第9页/共66页
PartA_2
Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
• If the sample of a poll is well selected, it represents a near replica of the entire population.
• Some polls are unreliable / biased / not accurate. They are based on samples that are too small or badly chosen. / The questions they ask are confusing and can actually distort public opinion.
• Many people doubt the reliability of opinion polls / are not convinced that the opinions of a small sample of the population are a reliable representation of the opinions of the whole / think poll results are not objective.
PartA_2
Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
• Public opinion surveys are conducted by telephone / by mail or email / in person / online.
• Polling topics can be as diverse as public policies, controversial social issues, elections, consumer preferences, and academic research projects.
opinion? Why or why not?
第2页/共66页
PartA_1_demo_a Pre-listening Task
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Language Focus
6. What factors affect the accuracy of opinion polls?
The accuracy of opinion polls is the extent to which they accurately reflect the true population opinions that they are intended to measure. Various factors may affect public opinion poll results' accuracy, including the sampling frames and the procedures used to select individuals from these, the questions asked and the response mechanisms employed, the interviewer's characteristics, the timing of polls, the identification of likely voters, and the treatment of undecided respondents. These
第4页/共66页
PartA_2
Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
Here are some sentences and structures that you might find useful in discussing the above questions.
• An opinion poll is a survey of public opinion on a certain subject / a study in which people are asked for their opinion about a certain subject or a certain person / a snapshot of the opinions of a group of people at a particular time.
• Polls sponsored by interest groups should always be taken with caution. Poll questions can be framed and samples chosen to produce answers favorable to the interest group.
poll? If yes, what was it about?
第1页/共66页
PartA_1_a Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
5. What is the use and value of opinion polls? 6. What factors affect the accuracy of opinion polls? 7. Do you think opinion polls are true reflections of public
第7页/共66页
PartA_2
Pre-listening Task
Language Focus
• In general, the larger the size of the sample, the more reliable the results.
• The sample of a poll must be representative of the whole population.
• When conducting a sur vey, pollsters ask a representative sample of their opinions and then generalize their findings to the larger population.
第5页/共66页
• Opinion polls provide the best direct source of information about public opinion.
• Polls give people an opportunity to express their views on issues that affect their lives.
• In business, polls are used to find out what potential customers want / what customers like or dislike about a product or service.
• Factors that affect the accuracy of opinion polls include sample size, question wording, order of questions, interviewing skills, etc.