2018届高三第一次月考

2018届高三第一次月考
本试卷分为第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分，满分120分，考试用时100分钟。

注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上相应的位置准确填写自己的姓名、准考证号，并将条形码粘贴在指定位置。

2．选择题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号按要求涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

非选择题用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

第Ⅰ卷
第一部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A
If you like tasting food from different countries, here are some events you shouldn’t miss in New York City this year. Chinatown Restaurant Week---March 14-30
Various meals will be offered for $18.88 per person at particip ating Chinatown restaurants such as Golden Unicorn, Nom W ah Tea Parlor, HK Wonton Garden, Pho Grand, Red Egg and Shanghai Gourmet. Peking Duck House will offer a special at lunch only.
More Info:
Martini Week---March 15-30
Martini Week is a two-week-
long celebration of America’s proudest invention. It will be hel d at 23 bars and restaurants across the town. They’ll be offeri ng their own unique specialities at low prices. Choose from pl aces including Ava Lounge, Beaumarchais, Catch, Abe & Arth ur’s. Sons of Essex, Bounce Sporting Club, Aspen Social, Re vel, Rayuela, and more.
More Info:
Malaysian Restaurant Week---June 18-24
Malaysian restaurants will offer various $20.12 meals, while A sian-influenced restaurants will feature a special limited-time-only menu inspired by the country’s special flavors. Participati ng restaurants include Fatty Crab, Michelin-
starred Laut, Penang and Spice Market.
More Info:
Italian Restaurant Week ---June 26-July 6
Celebrate New York City’s fifth Italian Restaurant Week---
the Italian Dine Out. The 11-
day event will offer special discounted lunch and dinner prices of $23 at New York City’s most authentic Italian restaurants. Sponsored(赞
助) by the Italian Trade Commission, the Italian Dine Out offer s diners special 3-course menus for lunch and dinner.
More Info:
Belgian Restaurant Week---July 21-28
This is your chance to enjoy tasty multi-
course meals and some of the world’s finest beers. The Belgi an restaurants in NY bring you amazing cuisines and great be ers during a week-long celebration of Belgian food.
More Info:
I’m sure you’ll have a great time during the events. Remembe r: don’t eat too much for the sake of you health.
1. To enjoy an $18.88 supper during Chinatown Restaurant W eek, you probably should avoid going to _______.
A. HK Wonton Garden
B. Nom Wah Tea Parl or
C. Golden Unicorn
D. Peking Duck House
2. If you love eating at Michelin-
starred Laut, you’d most probably expect _________.
A. Martini Week
B. Italian Restaur ant Week
C. Malaysian Restaurant Week
D. Chinatow n Restaurant Week
3. Which of the following is a feature of the Belgian Restauran t Week?
A. Bringing you free Chinese food.
B. Providing authentic Italian food.
C. Having a special limited-time-only menu.
D. Offering some of the world’s finest beers.
B
In 1943, when I was 4, my parents moved from Coeur d’Alene , Idaho, to Fairbanks, Alaska, where adventure was never far away.
We arrived in the summer, just in time to enjoy the midnight s un. All that sunlight was fantastic for Mom’s vegetable garden. Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off, so she didn’t care much about my bedtime.
Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk. Th
at left me in a mess. I usually managed to find some trouble t o get into. Once I had a little fire going in the dirt basement of a hotel. I had tried to light a barrel（桶）
of paint but couldn’t really get a good fire going. The smoke g ot pretty bad, though, and when I made my exit, a crowd and t he police were there to greet me. The policemen took my mat ches and drove me home.
Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me, and they did! I had a tour of the prison befo re Mom rescued me. I hadn’t turned 5 yet.
As I entered kindergarten, the serious cold began to set in. W ould it surprise you to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail（栏杆） at school?
As for Leonhard Seppala, famous as a dog sledder（驾雪橇者）, I think I knew him well because I was taken for a ride wit h his white dog team one Sunday. At the time I didn’t realize what a superstar he was, but I do remember the ride well. I w as wrapped heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and b lowing weather.
In 1950, we moved back to Coeur d’Ale ne, but we got one mo re Alaskan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years la ter by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former n eighbors of Alaska.
4. What can be inferred about the author’s family?
A. His father was a cruel man.
B. His parents didn’t lo ve him.
C. His parents used to be very busy.
D. His mother didn’t have any jobs.
5. What happened when the author was 4?
A. He learned to smoke.
B. He was locked in a base ment.
C. He was arrested by the police.
D. He nearly caused a f ire accident.
6. Which of the following is true?
A. Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds.
B. The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.
C. Leonhard often visited the author’s family after 1950.
D. The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alas ka.
7. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text?
A. To look back on his childhood with adventures.
B. To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.
C. To express how much he misses Leonhard.
D. To show off his pride in making trouble.
C
Are morning people born or made? In my case it was definitel y made. In my early 20s, I hardly went to bed before midnight, and I would always get up late the next morning.
But after a while I couldn’t ignore the high relationship betwee n success and rising early. On those rare occasions when I di d get up early, I noticed that my productivity was always highe r. So I set out to become an early riser. But whenever my alar m went off, my first thought was always to stop that noise and go back to sleep. Eventually some sleep research showed th at my strategy(策
略)was wrong. The most common wrong strategy is this: supp osing you’re going to get up earlier, you’d better go to bed ear lier. It sounds very reasonable, but will usually fail.
There are two main schools of thought on sleep patterns. One is that you should go to bed and get up at the same time ever y day. The second school says you should go to bed when yo u’re tired and get up when you naturally wake up. However, I have found both are wrong if you care about productivity. If yo u sleep at fixed hours, you’ll sometimes go to bed when you a ren’t sleepy enough. You’re wasting time lying in bed awake. My solution is to combine both methods. I go to bed when I’m sleepy and get up with an alarm clock at a fixed time. So I alw
ays get up at the same time (in my case 5 a.m.), but I go to be d at different times every night.
However, going to bed only when I’m sleepy, and getting up a t a fixed time every morning are my ways. If you want to beco me an early riser, you can try your own.
8.Why did the author want to become an early riser?
A. Because he found that the productivity was higher.
B. Because he wanted to do morning exercise.
C. Because he wanted to test which school is better.
D. Because he wanted to have more sleep time.
9. The author experienced all the following EXCEPT ________ _.
A. going to bed after midnight
B. asking scholars for advice on sleeping habits
C. getting up early occasionally
D. pressing off the alarm to go on sleeping
10. According to the passage, the underlined “an early riser” p hrase refers to _________.
A. A person who stays up late until the next morning
B. A person who feels sleepy in the morning
C. A person whose productivity is the highest in the morning
D. A person who gets up early in the morning
11.The passage is mainly about _________.
A. main schools of thought on sleep patterns
B. how to have a good sleep
C. wrong strategies for getting up early
D. how to become an early riser
D
Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laug hing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons (神经元) in our brains.
Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that ever y time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This e xplains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, d ance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us th at there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use lan guages, and to understand how other people feel. Researcher
s have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language.
A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people se ntences to listen to (for example:“The hand took hold of the b all”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the acti on was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hol d of a ball).
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with soci al and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how the se discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders. Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interac t. Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent (对等物）
for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the ci nema when someone else does—
well, perhaps you’ll understand why.
12. Mirror neurons can explain _____.
A. why we cry when we are hurt
B. why we cough when we suffer from a cold
C. why we smile when we see someone else smile
D. why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late
13. The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph pro bably means “____”.
A. set off
B. cut off
C. built up
D. broken up
14. We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons _____.
A. relate to human behavior and interaction
B. control human physical actions and feelings
C. result in bad behavior and social disorders
D. determine our knowledge and language abilities
15. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Ways to find mirror neurons.
B. Problems of mirror neur ons.
C. Existence of mirror neurons.
D. Functions of mirror neur ons.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Humor Is Everywhere
Humor has close relationship with our daily life. It may appear in the speech of politician；
it may appear in an advertisement or newspaper, even it may appear in our daily conversation. It brings us happiness, joy a nd love. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key. 16_
17 Many scholars try to define the essence(本
质) of humor from sociological and psychological, as well as fr om linguistic perspective. However, most of them just present some of the historical theories or an individual theory. Up to n ow, there has still been no agreement on how humor should d efine, nor has there been agreement on how to appreciate or understand humor.
18 On one hand, people fail to define humor, because peo ple hold wrong understanding of humor. On the other hand, p eople define humor only from one perspective, such as psych ological, philosophical, or sociological perspective. Their theor ies just are limited. Finally, humor varies by culture. 19 Eve n in one country, there still exist some differences.
So many difficulties in comprehending humor, why is there stil l so many scholars studying it? First, English humor has not r eceived enough attention that it deserves in China .Little hum or with distinctive linguistic and cultural characteristics has sat isfactorily introduced to China. Consequently, many Chinese people fail to appreciate the charm beauty of English humor.
Second, if we study humor well, we will have a good understa nding of English language. 20 They have close contact. Th ird, the more we study English humor, the more we appreciat e the culture of other country. If we have a better understandi ng of other language, it will help us to communicate with forei gners.
A. Different countries have different cultures.
B. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values.
C. In a word, humor has significant uses in our daily lives.
D. English humor is one important part of English language.
E. Humor is an active part of both written and oral language.
F. There are some specific reasons why humor study is not enough.
G. Humor has always been a hot topic among linguistics, phi losophers, and psychologists.
第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Thirteen years ago I fell in love with a white ball of fur that w agged its tail at me from a city dog pound (狗的收留
所). Although I was about to___ 21__a steady job to follow my
dream of becoming a travel writer, I decided to adopt it withou t a second ___22__. Layla had me at the first wag.
Although disappointed when I went traveling, Layla was alw ays happy when I returned. And when I sat down to write my __23__, she would station (安
置) herself next to my desk and we would have long (often no nverbal) conversations about where I’d been and what I’d see n. We ___24__ with each other as only animals and those wh o love them can.
I would read aloud to her what I’d ___25__. Sometimes she’d offer a “woof.” for emphasis. If she turned away to concentr ate on cleaning a paw, I knew I had to ___26__
Of course she didn’t __27__what I was writing, but this exercis e with her was my__28_ of self-
editing. It was my way of pushing a story to a higher level. Re ading to Layla turned a task into a __29___.She became my a ctual___30___ in my travels.
Watching her reactions to my__31___ forced me to pay atte ntion to details. I was telling her the story ____32__ she were a reader. This helped ___33___ what I put on the page. Havin g such a __34___and patient audience critiquing(评
论) my writing made me a better writer. In this way, I traveled t he world, with Layla ___35___ at my side.
Today I am a travel writer, and I am __36__ because my fri end of so long is gone. Like many old friends, she and I __37_ _ much over the years, and I’m so ___38__to her. Whatever _ _39___ I’ve had as a travel writer, I owe a large part to her bei ng at my side for all those years, __40__ and simply loving.
21.A.quit B.find C.offer
D.keep
22.A.time B.excuse C.chance
D. thought
23.A.stories B.letters C.papers
D.emails
24.A.cooperated peted C. communicate
d D. celebrated
25.A.seen B.heard C.written D.collected
26.A.show off B.start over C.count out
D.give in
27.A.understand B.repeat C.expect D.recognize
28.A.memory B.promise C.purpose D. mean s
29.A.step B.dream C.duty D.joy
30.A.doctor B.guest C.partner D.guide
31.A.advice B.reply C.action D.work
32.A.as though B.in case C. now that
D.even if
33.A.shape B.replace C.print D.voice
34.A.qualified B.skilled C.ready
D. curious
35.A.possibly B. actually C.finally
D.mentally
36.A.worried B.heartbroken C.scared
D.disappointed
37.A. received B.shared
C. cherished
D.controlled
38.A.faithful B.blind C.grateful
D.cruel
39.A.problem B.experience C.option
D.success
40.A.listening B.talking
C. recording
D.reviewing
第Ⅱ卷
注意：将答案做在答题卡上, 在试卷上作答无效。

语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或者括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为41~50的相应位置上。

My father has an exceptional(罕见
的) talent: the ability to understand people. When I have a pro blem that I think no one else will understand, I take it 41._____ __ my father. He listens carefully, asks me some questions, a nd then seems to know 42._______ (exact) how I feel. Even m y twin sister can talk to him more easily than to me. Many peo ple seem too busy 43._______ (take) time to understand one a nother. 44._______ my father sees taking time to listen as ess ential to any relationship, whether it involves family, friendship , or work.
At work, my father’s friends and colleagues benefit from his talent. His job requires him to attend 45._______ (society) eve nts and sometimes I go along. I often watch him at dinner; his eyes 46._______ (fix) on whoever is speaking, and he nods hi s head at every remark. After such conversations, my father h as acquired what I believe is 47. _______ true sense of the sp eaker’s meaning.
My father’s ability to listen affects his whole life. His ability 4 8._______ (allow) him to form strong relationships with his cow
orkers and earns him 49._______ (last) friendships. It also ma kes it possible for him to have open conversations with his chi ldren. Furthermore, it has 50._______ (strong) his relationship with my mother. Certainly, his talent is one that I hope to deve lop as I grow up.
第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜钱（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分.
Many years ago, I see one of the films in the Harry Potter se ries. I was so impressing by the magical world that it created. The main character Harry was so a tough boy and appealed g reatly to a wide audience. After seeing the movie, I started to r ead the books, that are much better than the movies. Only a t
alented writer could have written down all those amazing boo ks. Now J.K.Rowling is one of my favorite writer. Not only do her works impress me, but also her experience of life inspire me a lot. She began her writing career at very late age, during which time she was very poor, but he never gave up her writi ng even in very bad situations. Later , she became successful ly.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
假设你是李华, 交换生Tracy 刚刚结束在你们学校的学习生活，已经返回英国。

作为班长，请你根据以下内容用英语写一份感谢信，感谢她一学期以来带给大家的美好回忆：
1. 怀念与她相处的快乐时光；
2. 感谢她对大家英语学习的帮助以及她为班级捐赠的英文书籍；
3. 欢迎她有机会再来中国。

注意：
书信应包括以上所有要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；词数：100左右
Dear Tracy,
______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________
2018届高三第一次月考
本试卷分为第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分，满分120分，考试用时100分钟。

注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上相应的位置准确填写自己的姓名、准考证号，并将条形码粘贴在指定位置。

2．选择题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号按要求涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

非选择题用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

第Ⅰ卷
第一部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A
If you like tasting food from different countries, here are some events you shouldn’t miss in N ew York City this year.
Chinatown Restaurant Week---March 14-30
Various meals will be offered for $18.88 per person at participating Chinatown restaurants su ch as Golden Unicorn, Nom Wah Tea Parlor, HK Wonton Garden, Pho Grand, Red Egg and Shanghai Gourmet. Peking Duck House will offer a special at lunch only.
More Info:
Martini Week---March 15-30
Martini Week is a two-week-
long celebration of America’s proudest invention. It will be held at 23 bars and restaurants ac ross the town. They’ll be offering their own unique specialities at low prices. Choose from pla ces including Ava Lounge, Beaumarchais, Catch, Abe & Arthur’s. Sons of Essex, Bounce Sp orting Club, Aspen Social, Revel, Rayuela, and more.
More Info:
Malaysian Restaurant Week---June 18-24
Malaysian restaurants will offer various $20.12 meals, while Asian-
influenced restaurants will feature a special limited-time-
only menu inspired by the country’s special flavors. Participating restaurants include Fatty Cr ab, Michelin-starred Laut, Penang and Spice Market.
More Info:
Italian Restaurant Week ---June 26-July 6
Celebrate New York City’s fifth Italian Restaurant Week---the Italian Dine Out. The 11-
day event will offer special discounted lunch and dinner prices of $23 at New York City’s mos t authentic Italian restaurants. Sponsored(赞
助) by the Italian Trade Commission, the Italian Dine Out offers diners special 3-
course menus for lunch and dinner.
More Info:
Belgian Restaurant Week---July 21-28
This is your chance to enjoy tasty multi-
course meals and some of the world’s finest beers. The Belgian restaurants in NY bring you amazing cuisines and great beers during a week-long celebration of Belgian food.
More Info:
I’m sure you’ll have a great time during the events. Remember: don’t eat too much for the sa ke of you health.
1. To enjoy an $18.88 supper during Chinatown Restaurant Week, you probably should avoi
d going to _______.
A. HK Wonton Garden
B. Nom Wah Tea Parlor
C. Golden Unicorn
D. Peking Duck House
2. If you love eating at Michelin-starred Laut, you’d most probably expect _________.
A. Martini Week
B. Italian Restaurant Week
C. Malaysian Restaurant Week
D. Chinatown Restaurant Week
3. Which of the following is a feature of the Belgian Restaurant Week?
A. Bringing you free Chinese food.
B. Providing authentic Italian food.
C. Having a special limited-time-only menu.
D. Offering some of the world’s finest beers.
B
In 1943, when I was 4, my parents moved from Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, to Fairbanks, Alaska, where adventure was never far away.
We arrived in the summer, just in time to enjoy the midnight sun. All that sunlight was fantasti c for Mom’s vegetable garden.Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing o ff, so she didn’t care much about my bedtime.
Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk. That left me in a mess. I usually managed to find some trouble to get into. Once I had a little fire going in the dirt basement of a hotel. I had tried to light a barrel（桶）
of paint but couldn’t really get a good fire going. The smoke got pretty bad, though, and when I made my exit, a crowd and the police were there to greet me. The policemen took my matc hes and drove me home.
Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me, and they did!
I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me. I hadn’t turned 5 yet.
As I entered kindergarten, the serious cold began to set in. Would it surprise you to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail（栏杆） at school?
As for Leonhard Seppala, famous as a dog sledder（驾雪橇
者）, I think I knew him well because I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one Sund ay. At the time I did n’t realize what a superstar he was, but I do remember the ride well. I was wrapped heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.
In 1950, we moved back to Coeur d’Alene, but we got one more Alaskan adventure when Le onhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former n eighbors of Alaska.
4. What can be inferred about the author’s family?
A. His father was a cruel man.
B. His parents didn’t love him.
C. His parents used to be very busy.
D. His mother didn’t have any jobs.
5. What happened when the author was 4?
A. He learned to smoke.
B. He was locked in a basement.
C. He was arrested by the police.
D. He nearly caused a fire accident.
6. Which of the following is true?
A. Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds.
B. The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.
C. Leonhard often visited the author’s family after 1950.
D. The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alaska.
7. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text?
A. To look back on his childhood with adventures.
B. To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.
C. To express how much he misses Leonhard.
D. To show off his pride in making trouble.
C
Are morning people born or made? In my case it was definitely made. In my early 20s, I hardl y went to bed before midnight, and I would always get up late the next morning.
But after a while I couldn’t ignore the high relationship between success and rising early. On t hose rare occasions when I did get up early, I noticed that my productivity was always higher . So I set out to become an early riser. But whenever my alarm went off, my first thought was always to stop that noise and go back to sleep. Eventually some sleep research showed that my strategy(策
略)was wrong. The most common wrong strategy is this: supposing you’re going to get up ea rlier, you’d better go to bed earlier. It sounds very reasonable, but will usually fail.
There are two main schools of thought on sleep patterns. One is that you should go to bed a nd get up at the same time every day. The second school says you should go to bed when y ou’re tired and get up when you naturally wake up. However, I have found both are wrong if y ou care about productivity. If you sleep at fixed hours, you’ll sometimes go to bed when you a ren’t sleepy enough. You’re wasting time lying in bed awake.
My solution is to combine both methods. I go to bed when I’m sleepy and get up with an alar m clock at a fixed time. So I always get up at the same time (in my case 5 a.m.), but I go to b
ed at different times every night.
However, going to bed only when I’m sleepy, and getting up at a fixed time every morning ar
e my ways. I
f you want to become an early riser, you can try your own.
8.Why did the author want to become an early riser?
A. Because he found that the productivity was higher.
B. Because he wanted to do morning exercise.
C. Because he wanted to test which school is better.
D. Because he wanted to have more sleep time.
9. The author experienced all the following EXCEPT _________.
A. going to bed after midnight
B. asking scholars for advice on sleeping habits
C. getting up early occasionally
D. pressing off the alarm to go on sleeping
10. According to the passage, the underlined “an early riser” phrase refers to _________.
A. A person who stays up late until the next morning
B. A person who feels sleepy in the morning
C. A person whose productivity is the highest in the morning
D. A person who gets up early in the morning
11.The passage is mainly about _________.
A. main schools of thought on sleep patterns
B. how to have a good sleep
C. wrong strategies for getting up early
D. how to become an early riser
D
Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s because we h ave mirror neurons (神经元) in our brains.
Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else d o something, our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This e
xplains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the ide a goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us th at there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas whic h relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researcher s have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discove red that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example:“The hand took hold of the bal l”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in thi s example, actually taking hold of a ball).
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find tr eatments for social disorders.
Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning ho w humans behave and interact. Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent (对等物）
for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does—
well, perhaps you’ll understand why.
12. Mirror neurons can explain _____.
A. why we cry when we are hurt
B. why we cough when we suffer from a cold
C. why we smile when we see someone else smile
D. why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late
13. The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means “____”.
A. set off
B. cut off
C. built up
D. broken up
14. We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons _____.
A. relate to human behavior and interaction
B. control human physical actions and feelings
C. result in bad behavior and social disorders
D. determine our knowledge and language abilities
15. What is the passage mainly about?。