高三英语二轮专题复习考点四 动词的时态和语态

考点四动词的时态和语态
考向研究
高考对时态和语态的考查往往把两者结合起来进行，主要考查的时态有一般时、进行时、完成时等；借助时间状语确定所用时态；固定句式中的时态。

对语态的考查主要表现在各种时态的语态形式，主、被动的混用等方面。

技法点击
关注几种时态的标志词
1．表示经常性或习惯性动作、客观事实或存在的状态要想到用一般现在时。

every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等表示频率的时间状语是标志词。

Light travels at 300,000 kilometers a second.
光以每秒30万千米的速度传播。

2．表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态要想到用一般过去时。

yesterday，last week，two days ago，the other day，in 1998，时间段＋later等时间状语是标志词。

When I was at school，I often went to the cinema on Sundays.上学时，我星期天经常去看电影。

3．表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态要想到用一般将来时。

tomorrow，next year，in a week等时间状语是标志词。

When shall we know the examination result?
我们什么时候知道考试结果？
4．表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作要想到用现在进行时。

all the time，now，at this moment，at present等时间状语是标志词。

I don’t actually work here.I am helping out until the new secretary comes.事实上我不在这儿工作。

新秘书到来前我在这儿帮忙。

5．表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果产生的影响现在还存在，或持续到现在的动作或状态要想到用现在完成时。

since，recently，lately，already，for the last few years，so far，up to now，during the last＋时间段等时间状语是标志词。

Great changes have taken place in our village in the past ten years.
过去十年里我们村发生了很大的变化。

6．表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态要想到用过去完成时。

“by，
by the end of，by the time”等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，它们是标志词。

By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had graduated from college.
杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。

过关检测
单句语法填空
1．Beautiful articles and poems were called(call) “lanzhang”by Chinese people in ancient times.(2018·湖南岳阳二模)
[解析]根据句中的in ancient times确定应用一般过去时；articles and poems与call之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动。

2．One of my old college friends posted a video for an online program she is taking(take) at the moment.(2018·内蒙古赤峰模拟)
[解析]根据at the moment“现在”得知，我大学时期的老朋友正在参加一档网络节目，用现在进行时，故填is taking。

3．Thanks to about 20 technology companies，brightly colored shared bikes have flooded/have been flooding(flood) into Beijing in the last two years.(2018·辽宁辽南协作校一模)
[解析]本句中含有现在完成时的时态标志“in the last two years”，根据句意可知，共享自行车从两年前到现在一直在涌入北京。

动作从过去一直持续到现在，这个动作正在进行并有可能进行下去，可以用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，故填have flooded/have been flooding。

4．We sincerely hope more cultural exchanges of this kind will be held(hold) in Italy and Lanzhou in the future.(2018·内蒙古包头包钢一中一模)
[解析]根据句中的in the future可知应用将来时；exchanges与hold之间为被动关系，故[答案]为will be held。

5．Crossman became(become) interested in Chinese culture as a teenager when he read Tao Te Ching by Laozi.(2018·河北唐山一模)
[解析]根据时间状语when he read Tao Te Ching by Laozi可知动词应用一般过去时。

技法点击
1．并列连词and，but，or，both...and，neither...nor，not only...but also...，as well as，rather than 等可连接两个平行的结构。

平行的另外一个结构所选谓语动词的先后关系，则决定着所选动词的时态。

When facing the either-or situation，I smiled and decided to trust my heart.当面对这个二选一的情况时，我笑了笑并决定相信自己的心。

2．在“It/This/That is the＋序数词＋time＋that从句”中，从句要用现在完成时；若前面的is 为was，则从句用过去完成时。

3．在no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。

4．在It is (about/high) time that...中，从句谓语动词常用一般过去时或should do。

过关检测
单句语法填空
1．I had hardly rung(ring) the bell when the door opened suddenly，and my son rushed out to greet me.(2018·天津质检)
[解析]该句中含有hardly...when...结构，主句常用过去完成时。

2．It was the first time that I had ever seen(see) my strong grandmother cry.(2018·吉林长春二模) [解析]考查句型It was the...time that...中的时态，在此句型中，that从句中要用过去完成时。

3．This neglected apprentice(学徒) conquered the lightning，made his name famous，received(receive) degrees and diplomas from many colleges，and became forever remembered as “Doctor Franklin”．(2018·贵州贵阳一模)
[解析]动作发生在过去，and连接几个并列的谓语动词，故此处与句中的conquered，made 和became一致，也用一般过去时，故填received。

4．That was not the first time he (1)had betrayed(betray) us.I think it’s high time we (2)took/should take(take) strong actions against him.(2018·江苏泰州中学二模)
[解析](1)为That was the first time (that) ...的否定形式，从句中应使用过去完成时态；(2)为It’s high/about time (that)．..句型，从句应使用一般过去时或should do。

技法点击
1．一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般过去时仅表示过去发生的并已经完成的动作，与现在没有任何联系；而现在完成时虽然动作发生在过去但对现在造成了影响或动作仍然在持续，均与现在有联系。

2．现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
现在完成时强调的是已完成或对现在有影响的动作，而现在完成进行时强调的是持续了一段时间的动作，这个动作刚刚停止或仍在继续。

请比较：
I have written an article.(已完成)
I have been writing an article.(还在写)
过关检测
单句语法填空
1．Lanzhou’s cooking culture has developed(develop) its own time-honored characteristics over the years.(2018·内蒙古包头包钢一中一模)
[解析]over the years是现在完成时的标志词，主语“文化”是单数形式，故用has developed。

2．I have been using(use) it whenever I have minor coughing since the flu broke out.
(2018·辽宁鞍山一中模拟) [解析]句意为：自从流感爆发以来，我一有轻微的咳嗽就使用它。

表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，用现在完成进行时。

技法点击
牢记常见时态的被动语态的构成
有时做题时我们对于时态问题比较关注，但往往忽略了语态，因此我们可以采用“先语态，后时态”的方式。

过关检测
单句语法填空
1．For example，in 1998，Disney produced a film named Mulan，which was considered(consider) a great success by critics and the public.(2018·广东深圳一模)
[解析]film和consider是被动关系，which后面缺少谓语动词，由主句中的produced可知用一般过去时，故填was considered。

2．Like music，dance and painting，eating is also an art in China and Chinese cuisine is listed(list) as one of the top in the field of world cuisines.(2018·河南新乡二模)
[解析]主语Chinese cuisine 与list是被动关系，故用被动语态，且描述事实，故用一般现在时。

3．With the building of the global comprehensive strategic partnership towards the 21st century between China and the UK，the relationship has been deepened(deepen) by people-to-people and cultural exchanges between the two countries.(2018·山东淄博一模)
[解析]根据句意“两国人文交流加深了两国关系”可知用现在完成时态的被动语态，故填has been deepened。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．But China’s State Forestry Administration claims the measure has reduced(reduce) sandstorms by 20 percent and desertification by nearly 5,000 miles in recent years.(2018·山东泰安一模)
[解析]根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，主语为the measure，单数第三人称形式，故填has reduced。

2．These ancient roads had no particular name until in the mid-nineteenth century，Baron Ferdinand von Richthofen named(name) the trade and communication network the Silk Road.
(2018·内蒙古包头九中二模)
[解析]句意为：直到十九世纪中旬，这些古老的道路才有特殊的名称，费迪南·冯·李希霍芬男爵把这条贸易和通信网络命名为丝绸之路。

分析句子可知，给这条路起名(name)发生在过去，故用一般过去时。

3．Plus，I lived over two years in China before Jun and I started dating and I was expected(expect) to use chopsticks in almost every restaurant，stand and bar.(2018·湖北八校联考)
[解析]根据句意可知，主语I与expect为被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时的被动形式。

4．Pupils，who usually come from the fifth or sixth grade，are divided(divide) into different teams and try to write down every word according to its pronunciation.(2018·辽宁丹东一模)
[解析]Pupils与divide之间是被动关系，用被动语态，且前句用的一般现在时，所以这里也用一般现在时，综上所述，用一般现在时的被动语态，所以填are divided。

5．But since then，sitting around the TV in silence has become(become) a regular evening activity.
(2018·河南六市一模) [解析]根据句中时间状语since then可知与现在完成时连用，主语是sitting around the TV，动词与之一致用第三人称单数，故填has become。

6．Whenever the truck goes by，the people of Funen turn and stare，some in wonder，others in admiration; for on its sides are printed(print) the words TRACKER DOC and a telephone number.(2018·四川德阳二诊)
[解析]表示位置的介词短语on its sides放在句首，句子全部倒装，本句主语为the words，与print之间为动宾关系，用被动语态；由上一分句中的goes，turn和stare可知是描述一般状况，应用一般现在时，所以填are printed。

7．First，some old textbooks were collected and sent to those children so that the books could be reused(reuse) by them.(2018·山东聊城一模)
[解析]books和reuse之间是被动关系，故应用被动形式，且空前有情态动词could，后应用动词原形，故填be reused。

8．For more than twenty years scientists have been searching(search) for signs of life on other planets.(2018·青海西宁一模)
[解析]句子主语scientists和search之间是主动关系，故应用主动语态，且search的动作从过去开始持续到现在，还在进行着，故用现在完成进行时。

9．Despite the rising wages and costs of doing business in China，many luxury brands，such as Burberry，Armani，and Prada have produced(produce) things here so far.(2018·甘肃一模)
[解析]句意为：尽管中国的工资和经营成本不断上升，但许多奢侈品牌，如巴宝莉、阿玛尼和普拉达，到目前为止仍在中国生产产品。

由时间状语so far可知应该用现在完成时态，且brands和produce为主动关系，应用主动语态，故填have produced。

10．Tian received her first big break at the age of 18，when one of her artworks was displayed(display) during the Olympics held in China.(2018·湖南衡阳一模)
[解析]句意为：田18岁时第一次获得重大突破，当时她的一件作品在中国举行的奥运会期间展出。

发生在她18岁的事情用一般过去时态，作品被展出用被动语态，故填was displayed。

Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
11．However，it was turned out to be a bitter failure because I devoted my time to study.
12．And another thing that give
gave me a deep impression was the people there—they were so
friendly.(2018·山东泰安一模)
13．I had intended to catch the 7∶30 subway，but I didn’t make it.Having a little time left，I take took
a taxi instead.(2018·广东深圳一模)
14．On one newly built estate(庄园)，people are providing
provided with tablets that show its real-time
energy usage.(2018·安徽六校教育研究会联考)
15．Last Sunday，I tidied up my room and
spot
spotted my albums.(2018·辽宁丹东一模)
16．For example，if you met
meet a question when reading，you can immediately get an answer by
“talking” with the book.(2018·安徽安庆二模)
17．The city was
has built 12 state-level tourist areas by now，of which one is 5A class scenic spot and
four sites are 4A level.(2018·内蒙古包头一模)
18．While I was sadly looking at the bus，the door was opened.(2018·四川德阳二诊)
19．Later，Nelson
∧
was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his
work.(2018·陕西宝鸡二模)
20．Every language is taught by gaining speaking competence long before grammar，reading and
writing were
are introduced.(2018·山东枣庄二模)。