2019届高考英语阅读理解精选细做：政治经济类

政治经济类
1、Americans are expected to spend $8.4 billion on candy and costumes this Halloween, according to an annual survey from the National Retail Federation (NRF). The figure marks an all-time high for the survey, which has been conducted for the past 11 years.
Halloween spending for 2016 is up nearly 22% from last year's $6. 9 billion. The NRF predicts that more than 171 million American consumers will participate in Halloween celebrations, and will spend an average of $ 82. 93 per person, up from last year's $ 74. 34. Shoppers are expected to spend a total of $3. 1 billion on costumes, with $2. 5 billion being spent on candy, $2.4 billion on decorations, and $390 million on greeting cards.
“After a long summer,families are excited to welcome the fa ll season celebrating Halloween," NRF President and CEO Matthew Shay said in a statement. ‘‘ Retailers (零售商)are preparing for the day by offering a wide variety of options in costumes, decorations and candy, while being aggressive with their promotions to capture the most out of this shopping event."
Proper Insights & Analytics conducted the survey for the NRF from September 6 to 13. Of the 6,791 consumers who took part, 71% intend to spend Halloween handing out candy. Other planned activities include : decorating their home or yard (49% ) ; dressing in costume ( 47% ) ; pumpkin carving (46% ) ; throwing or going to a party (34% ) ; taking their kids trick-or-treating (30% ) ; and dressing their pet(s) in costume (16% ).
If you find yourself with leftovers, you can use them for a good deed. Many dentist offices across the country participate in the Halloween Candy Buy Back program. Through the program, they buy back extra candies and send them in care packages to troops overseas. That ought to leave you with a sweet feeling!
1.What can we infer from the second paragraph?
A.Halloween spending on costumes is more than spending on other items.
B.Halloween spending on candy is decreasing.
C.Halloween is the most important holiday for Americans.
D.Americans seldom send post cards these days.
2.According to Matthew Shay, _____.
A.most shops will be shut off for the holiday
B.retailers are well prepared for the holiday
C.people can wear various clothes for the holiday
D.most people will go shopping on Halloween
3.Which can be the best title for the passage?
A.A survey conducted for the past 11 years
B.What Americans buy for Halloween
C.How much does Halloween cost?
D.How do Americans celebrate Halloween?
2、While the U.S. is still debating about getting rid of the penny, Sweden is rapidly moving towards abolishing (to end) currency altogether. Though this may sound radical (过激的), it is a natural evolution in this digital society.
Sweden, which was the first European country to introduce banknotes in 1661, has just been working harder to convince its residents(居民) that digital payments are a safer alternative to carrying cash.
Over the years, the idea has gained popularity with residents, especially the younger generation that is much more comfortable with technology. Today many banks don’t even have ATMs and some have stopped handling cash altogether!
Tickets to ride public buses in most Swedish cities can only be bought via cell phones. Numerous businesses are also moving towards accepting only digital payments. Even the homeless that sell street paper to make ends meet have to start accepting this way of payment!
But despite its growing popularity, some people don’t like this radical idea. They include the homeless, elderly people as well as those living in rural areas who are still uncomfortable with mobile phones and computers. But the officials are confident that in the very near future, they will be able to convince everyone to move this safe and more cost-effective payment system.
Sweden is not the only country trying to abolish(废除) paper currency and coins. The movement is rapidly gaining ground in Denmark and Finland as well. In 2014,Israel announced a three-step plan to go cashless and just last week the vendors (小贩) of a popular street in Sydney declared they would stop accepting currency from customers. Whether this phenomenon spreads remains to be seen. But one thing is for sure--with increasingly advanced payment systems being introduced every day, pulling out cash is rapidly becoming “uncool”.
1.What can we infer from Paragraph 3 and 4?
A.Many banks in Sweden don’t have ATMs.
B.You don’t have to buy tickets when riding buses.
C.People don’t give the homeless money but food.
D.People can just take cell phones when shopping.
2.According to the passage, which information is RIGHT?
A.Sweden was the first country to get the idea to abolish currency.
B.The younger generation is against the measures.
C.Bus fare can only be purchased via cell phones in most Swedish cities.
D.Banks in Sweden have stopped dealing with cash completely.
3.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.An Advanced Country -Sweden
B.A Controversial Government Policy
C.Sweden to Influence the World’s Cash Payment
D.Sweden to Become the World’s First Cash less Society
4.Which of the following does this passage belong to?
cation.
B.Economy.
C.Travel.
D.Insurance.
3、Chinese tech giant Tencent Holdings Ltd, the largest global gaming provider and the operator of QQ, has launched a series of scientific exploration events aimed at urging young people to explore the outside world, instead of being constantly absorbed(全神贯注的) online.
The company said it hopes to establish itself as a cool scientific brand that lives up to corporate social responsibilities. As a gaming company, it doesn’t worry about losing game players. Instead, it hopes that players can actually go out to learn more and broaden their horizons.
QQ has been in the market for 18 years, but it is not aging, and its app has become younger and trendier. “We hope that more young Chinese can use the app to connect with different people and
views worldwide.” said Li Dan,general manager of the marketing department of the social network group at Tencent.
According to Tencent, the number of active users of QQ who are 21 years old or younger has been constantly increasing, and they tend to use the app for a longer time.
Starting on May 22 of last year, QQ organized free trips for young people to the Galapagos islands, Namibia, Spain and the An tarctic, but it didn’t reveal(揭露) the specific amount it contributed to those trips.
During each trip, it selected three to four participants from those who uploaded videos and made specific travel plans online. The finalists stand out with their clear video statements and their enthusiasm about going on adventures.
Tencent’s approach appears to be contradictory(矛盾的) to its own interests. But, in fact, its approach fits the company’s long-term growth strategy(策略) and will improve its business by creating a good social image.
1.What is the aim of Tencent’s plan?
A.To encourage young people to explore the outside world.
B.To provide more exciting online games.
C.To encourage more young people into online gaming.
D.To promote its newly-launched game.
2.Which can we learn from the passage?
A.QQ has been in the market for more than two decades.
B.The number of active users of QQ has been dropping recently.
C.Tencent is the largest global gaming provider.
D.Tencent is now concerned about losing game players.
3.If you want to be selected to go on free trips, you should probably ______.
A.be enthusiastic about gaming on line
B.make specific travel plans
C.download more Tencent games
e QQ to apply
4.What’s the author’s attitude towards Tencent’s approach?
A.Objective.
B.Negative.
C.Indifferent.
D.Positive.
4 、El Nino, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.
The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Niño in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.
But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱)in
south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Niño may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.
The most recent powerful Niño, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Niños come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.
Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施)can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道)make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Niño's harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least
likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Niño, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.
1.What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?
A.It is named after a South American fisherman.
B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.
C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.
D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.
2.What may El Niños bring about to the countries affected?
A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.
B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.
C.Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.
D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.
3.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that_________.
A.more investment should go to risk reduction
ernments of poor countries need more aid
C.victims of El Niño deserve more compensation
D.recovery and reconstruction should come first
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A.To introduce El Niño and its origin.
B.To explain the consequences of El Niño.
C.To show ways of fighting against El Niño.
D.To urge people to prepare for El Niño.
5、A new commodity brings about a highly profitable,fast-growing industry,urging antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago ,the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns ares being raised by the giants(巨头)that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google,Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.
Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime,The giants' success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a
quick delivery, Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.
But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.
This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.
The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并),for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-borm threat. When this takes place,especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.
The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply panies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how many money they make form emments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users' consent.
Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy But if govemments don't wants a data oconomy by a few giants, they must act soon.
1.Why is there a call to break up giants?
A.They have controlled the data market
B.They collect enormous private data
C.They no longer provide free services
D.They dismissed some new-born giants
2.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?
A.Data giants’ technology is very expensive
B.Google’s idea is popular among data firms
C.Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position
D.Data can be turned into new services or products
3.By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could .
A.kill a new threat
B.avoid the size trap
C.favour bigger firms
D.charge higher prices
4.What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?
A.Big companies could relieve data security pressure.
ernments could relieve their financial pressure.
C.Consumers could better protect their privacy.
D.Small companies could get more opportunities.
6、In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat soup called consomme. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant. Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Takevisual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食)when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty. Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn’t tell how much they’d had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.
Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特). When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out.
Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草)stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.
Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding, high prices —don’t necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables," given that they’re profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet’s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
1.The underlined phrase "none the wiser" in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were__________.
A.not aware of eating more than usual
B.not willing to share food with others
C.not conscious of the food quality
D.not fond of the food provided
2.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?
A.Playing classical music.
B.Introducing lemon scent.
C.Making the light brighter.
ing plates of larger size.
3.What does the last paragraph talk about?
A.Tips to attract more customers.
B.Problems restaurants are faced with.
C.Ways t o improve restaurants’ reputation.
mon misunderstandings about restaurants.
7、The annual World Economic Forum(经济论坛) took place in Davos,Switzerland,in Jan
23-26,2018. What did Chinese entre preneurs(企业家)speak in the forum?Are there some quotable quotes for you?
★Jack Ma,founder and executive chairman of Alibaba Group
“I think globalization can not be stopped-no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade. If trade stops,the world stops. Trade is the way to dissolve the war not cause the war,” said Main Davos, “ Google,Face book, Amazon and Alibaba-weare the luckiest companies of this century. But we have there sponsibility to have a good heart,and do something good”
★Richard Liu,founder and chief executive officer of JD
“Business is not o nly away to make money but also away to contribute yourself,to help people,” Lius aid in a speech in Davos. “How can we face the fractured(分化的) world? That’s the topics of the Davos this year. I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we can unite,work together,(if)we work very closely,I think we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust between the people, countries and companies and partners,”he said.
★Jane Sun, CEO of Ctrip
“Tourismis a sun rise in dustry. Sinc e Ientered Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourismis booming,” Sun told Sina comin Davos. “We invested heavily in ABC. Are fers to AI, Bis big data, and Cis cloud computing. As we continue to expand overseas, these t hree will be very good weapons forus. So we think those mean opportunity,” she said.
★Hu Xiaoming, president of Aliyun
“In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturin genter prise sand financial institutions will start
touse‘cloud’. And cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance,”Hu told Xinhua in Davos.
1.What do Chinese entre preneurs like Jack Ma and Richard Liu focus more on?
A.More huge jump sinp rofits
B.The joined efforts of man kind
C.Reducing production costs
D.The role of science in business
2.What is the main business of Ctrip?
A.Tourism
B.The creation of AI
puter
D.Financial service on line
3.What does Hu think will promote globale conomic development?
A.Economy recovery
B.The World Economic Forum
C.Cloud computing
D.Financial efficiency
8、As globalization continues to make the world a smaller place, and goods become more accessible across borders, concerns about food safety in the Asia-Pacific region have steadily risen over the years. An APEC forum is being held in Beijing, to find ways to better address the problem.
156 participants from 19 APEC economies and 4 non-APEC members attended the APEC Food Safety Cooperation Forum. Created 7 years ago, the forum has been actively looking for ways to strengthen food safety standard in the region, without affecting trade.
“As consumers are faced with more varieties of food, the potential food safety risk also becomes bigger. This forum has helped APEC economies to cooperate in supervision, exchange information, and improve the overall food safety standard in the Asia-Pacific region,” said director of Chinaˈs General Administration of Quality Supervision Wu Qinghai.
For the first time the forum has brought together high-level regulators, academics, and industry stakeholders to talk about their respective roles in safety supervision. They say governments alone cannot shoulder this heavy duty.
In China, the continuous food safety problems have greatly hurt consumersˈ confidence in domestic products; therefore more turned to imports. However, problems related to quality of those imported goods also began to show. In July this year, more than 400 batches(批) of food imports from 35 countries and regions were found substandard by the countryˈs top quality supervisor.
Governments and industries have been brought closer by this forum. As food moves more freely beyond borders, this forum is hoped to promote safety control cooperation, so APEC members can better benefit from the economic integration (一体化).
1.What kind of function can the forum play?
A.It has found ways to deal with safety problems.
B.It has greatly influenced the economy in the area.
C.It has long been able to put every side?s efforts together.
D.It helps to bring government regulators and industries together.
2.The last but one paragraph tells us that________.
A.food imported from other countries are indeed high in quality
B.many Chinese customers would rather buy some foreign food
C.the Chinese customers are more satisfied with their food safety
D.there are only 35 countries and regions exporting food to China
3.The underlined word “address” in the first paragraph can be replaced by “______”.
A.call off
B.deal with
C.send a letter about
D.deliver a speech on
答案以及解析
1答案及解析：
答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.C
解析：1.细节理解题,根据第二段中的"Shoppers are expected to spend a total of $ 3.1 billion on costumes.” 可知,花费在服装上的钱最多。

2.推理判断题。

根据第三段中Matthew Shay说的话可知,零售商准备了各种各样的服装、装饰品和糖果。

由此推测,零售商为这个节日做好了准备。

3.主旨大意题。

通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了美国家庭为庆祝万圣节在服装、糖果、家庭装饰以及贺卡等方面的花费,所以C项作标题槪括了文章的主要内容。

2答案及解析：
答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.D; 4.B
3答案及解析：
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D
4答案及解析：
答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.A; 4.D
解析：1.细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句El Niño sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific ,flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.可知厄尔尼诺现象见证了海洋中水流方向的变化。

故D正确。

2.细节理解题。

根据第二段第二句Rich countries gain more from powerful Niño ,on balance,than they lose.可知富有国家从厄尔尼诺现象中得到的好处要大于所得到的坏处。

接着在第三句中列举了1997年的厄尔尼诺给美国经济带来的好处。

故C项正确。

3.推理判断题。

根据第四段第三句According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI),however,just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. 根据ODI的观点,为应对厄尔尼诺政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺现象的危害而不是在出现问题以后再进行重新补救和恢复。

故A项正确。

4.目的意图题。

本文主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响,并告诉我们的政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺的危害而不是在出现问题以后再进行重新补救和恢复。

再根据最后一句“Since the poor est are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Niño, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.”各国政府要把减少损失放在优先的位置。

也就是要事先做好准备。

故D项正确。

5答案及解析：
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D
解析：1.推理判断题,根据第二段第一句中的“Such situation"可知答案在第一段,第一段暗示出分化商业巨头的原因是他们控制了数据市场, 故答案为A项。

2.细节理解题.根据第三段最后两句可知答案是C项。

3.细节理解题.根据第五段第二、三句可知选B项。

4.推理判断题.根据第六段可知,大数据规则的松动可以让小公司获得更多的机会,故选D项。

6答案及解析：
答案：1.A; 2.A; 3.D
解析：本文为议论文。

本文介绍了现代餐馆刺激消费和食欲的几种方法,以及人们对餐厅的一些错误看法。

1. 词义猜测题。

根据文章第三段划线部分的前句they couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else,可知,在黑暗中,他们说不清自己吃了多少,再根据划线后的句子they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.可知,他们虽然吃得很多,但并没有感觉更饱,仍然在等着吃甜点,所以他们没有意识到自己吃多了,故A正确。

2. 细节理解题。

根据第四段中的One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特)可知,要想让客人呆的时间更长应该播放莫扎特等古典音乐而不是流行音乐。

Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草)stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.引入薰衣草香而
不是柠檬香,而D项文章没有提及,所以用排除方法可以选A。

3. 主旨大意题。

根据文章最后一段第一句Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding,high prices — don't necessarily.可知,你认为可能
会影响人们消费的因素如:不好的桌子,拥挤以及高价等不一定会真影响人们的消费,然后依次举例进行了证明,所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解,故选D。

点睛:概括主旨的方法是:先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句,若无明显主题句,就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句,记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。

文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时,务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。

此时,要注意一些转折词,如but,yet,however,although,in spite of,by contrast,on the contrary等。

当文章中表示相反的观点时,往往用到这些词。

答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点,排除迷惑性信息,准确归纳主旨大意。

本题的最后一题是主旨大意类,要求概括本段的主旨大意,根据寻找主旨大意的方法,通过阅读第一句话可以简单地总结出主旨大意为人们对于饭店的几个误解。

再通过阅读下文可以找到支持这一观点的例子,因此可以确定主旨大意。

7答案及解析：
答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.C
解析：1.推理判断题。

根据Jack Ma中I think globalization cannot be stopped-no one can stop globalization, no one can stop trade.和Richard Liu中I think a very important thing in business is cooperation. If we can unite, work together, (if) we work very closely, I think we can bring more hope to the people and we can build more trust between the people, countries and companies and partners.可知这两个中国企业家更关注合作和人类的共同努力,故选B.
2.细节推理题。

根据Jane Sun中Tourism is a sunrise industry. Since I entered Ctrip, every year there are new comers, which, first of all, shows that tourism is booming.可知Ctrip的主要业务是旅游业,故选A.
3.细节推理题。

根据最后一部分In 2018, people will see the development in various countries more closely connected with cloud computing. More manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions will start to use ‘cloud’. And cloud computing will increase the efficiency of technology and finance可知各个国家的发展与云计算有着更紧密的联系,云计算将提高技术和金融的效率。

故选C.
8答案及解析：
答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.B。