定冠词与零冠词地用法

Module 6 Grammar
定冠词与零冠词的用法
一.定冠词
定冠词the与指示代词this, that同源，有”那（这）个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

In the morning, playing the piano towards the sun rising in the east is the first thing i want to do, and it is the most interesting thing for me.
①in the morning
类推：（一些惯用语中用the ） :in the afternoon /evening在下午/傍晚；in the middle （of）, in the end, by the way
例外：at night/noon在深夜/中午
②in the east
类推：（方位名词前一般用the）: in the west/south/north/middle在西方/
南方/北方/中间
③The sun
类推：（世上独一无二的事物前一般用the）: the moon /sky/world月亮
/天空/世界
④Play the piano
类推：（乐器前一般用the）: play the guitar弹吉它；play the violin拉小提琴
⑤first
类推：（序数词前一般用the） : the second7fifth /twelfth 第二/五/十
⑥The most interesting
类推：（形容词最高级前一般用the） : the hottest最热的；
the most important 最重要的
补充：
1. 上文提到过的人或事：
He bought a house. I've been to the house.他买了幢房子。

我去过那幢房子。

2. 单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar美元；the fox狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich富人；the living生者c
3. 与复数名词连用，指整个群体：
They are the teachers of this school旨全体教师）
They are teachers of this school.指部分教师）
4. 用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名
词前：the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国
the United States 美国
5. 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：the Greens格林一家人（或格林夫妇）
二.零冠词
记忆口诀：
月，季，星期，节假日
呼语，头衔，职务前
三餐，球类，惯用语学科，棋类名词前。

零冠词用法归纳
1. 用于复数名词前
复数名词泛指某类人或物时，其前通常用零冠词。

如：Students should obey the school rule晔生应该遵守校规。

【说明】复数名词若需特指，则要加定冠词。

如：The students are too lazyi^ 些学生太懒。

2. 用于不可数名词前
不可数名词表示泛指时，其前通常用零冠词。

如：Bread is made from flour.面包是用面粉做的。

【说明】不可数名词若需特指，则要加定冠词。

如：
He sawed the wood into three piecesffetE 木头锯成三块。

3. 用于专有名词前
在通常情况下，专有名词前要用零冠词。

如：
Mr Smith is our English teaches us English.史密斯先生教我们英语。

【说明】在特殊情况下，若专有名词需要特指，也可加定冠词。

如：
The Smith you' re looking for no longer lives here.你找的月B个史密斯不
再住这里。

4. 用于某些单数可数名词前
单数可数名词前在某些特殊情况下用零冠词，如用作呼语时、表示家
庭成员时。

如：
Can I tell Father about it?这事我可以告诉爸爸吗？
He was a teacher before he turned write 在成为作家前他是教师。

5. 用于抽象化的可数名词前
有些可数名词抽象化后表示表示的活动，其前通常零冠词。

如：Jim has gone to bed吉姆已上床睡觉了。

She goes to church every Sundays每周星期天都去做礼拜。

【说明】这类主要涉及
bed, church, class, college, school, university, work, hospital, prison, mar ket, sea, town等。

另外，这类名词前用不用冠词有时与英美英语的表达习惯有关。

如：“住院”在英国英语中通常说成in hospital,而在美国英语中则通常说成in the hospital;类似的还有go to university （英）上大学/ go to the university （美）上大学；at table （英）在吃饭/ at the table供）在吃饭。

6. 用于职务及头衔前
当表示职务及头衔的名词用作表语、补足语及同位语时，其前通常用
零冠词。

如：Trump became President of the U. S. A.特朗普当了美国总统。

He will be made captain of the football team.他将被选为足球队队长。

【说
明】有时也可用定冠词，但以不用为多见。

7. 用于球类运动前
Let's go and play basketball我们去打篮球吧。

You cant pick the ball up in football.踢足球时不许用手持球。

【说明】若指球类运动，其前用零冠词；若球类运动所用的球，则根
据情况可用冠词。

如：The basketball cost me 30 yuan这个篮球花了
我30元。

8. 其他用零冠词的场合
按英语习惯，在表示学科、语言、三餐、月份、季节、节假日、星期
等名词前，通常用零冠词。

如：
We are all interested in physic s我们大家都对物理感兴趣。

Won't you stay and take lunch with us溜在这儿吃午饭好吗？
School begins in September九月开学。

It s a fortnight to National Day.离国庆节还有两星期。

She has been here since Mondays 礼拜一起她一直在这里。

8. 用于某些固定结构中
at home在家at night在晚上
at least 至少at most 至多at first 首先
at last最后in bed在床上on foot步行
face to face 面对面catch fire 着火
give way 让路lose heart灰心
move house 搬家send wore# 肖信
take place 发生by chance 偶然=by accident
catch sight of 看见make use。

利用
9. 有些短语用零冠词和定冠词均可，只是含义不同：
out of question 毫无疑问=without question out of the question 不
可能，不值得考虑的=impossible
keep house料理家务keep the housed在家里不外出
in charge of负责，管理，主管in the charge o傕…的管理（负责）之下
练习
I. 填空。

在空白处填入适当的冠词，不需要的划“”。

1. There is picture of elephant on wall
2. This is useful book I've read it for hour.
3. elephant is much heavier than horse
4. doctor told him to take medicine three times day.
5. Let's go out for walk.
6. It's too hot. Open door please.
7. There is woman over there woman is Meimei's mother.
8. sun rises in east
9. Changjiang River is longest river in Chi na.
10. Are you going to do it second tim&
11. Washington is capital of USA
12. Turners are living at the end of Turner Street
13. He joined the army in spring of 1995
14. old man is teacher He likes playing ba
sketball after suppe r
15. After I had quick breakfast I hurried to school.
16. Are sheep kept by farmers for producing
_ wool and meat
17. They went to People's Park,but we both went to Pe
ople's Cinema yesterday
18. I often watch TV in evening
19. day of December 20 1999 is Monday.
20 . Tomorrow is Christmas Day and my father and I went to c hoose Christmas tree today
II.选择填空。

1. — Does Jim have rule r
—Yes, he has.
A. an; some
B. a; one
C. a; /
D. any; one
2. There is old bike. old bike is Mr Zhao's.
A.an ; The
B. the; An
C. a; The
D. the; The
3. apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay
A. The
B. A
C. An
D. Two
4. — How many books do you havU
—I have book That's English book
A. a; an
B. a; one
C. one; an
D. one; one
5. At that time Tom was one-year-old baby
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
6. tiger is China
A. The; a
B. A; the
C. The; from
D. The; the
7. We can't see sun at night
A. the; the
B. the; /
C. a; /
D. /; /
8. useful book it is!
A. What an
B. How a
C. What a
D. What
9. One afternoon he found handbag There was “s” on the corner of handbag
A. a; an; t he
B. a; a; the
C. an; an; an
D. the; a; a
10. old lady with white hair spoke English well at _ meetincj.
A. An; an; a
B. The; /; an
C. The; /; a
D. The; /; the
11. Great Wall is longest wall in the world
A. A; a
B. The; the
C. A; the
D. The; a
12. new bridge has been built over Huangpu River
A. The; a
B. A; /
C. A; the
D. An; the。