主谓一致和倒装句中考英语语法专项详解

主谓一致和倒装句
主谓一致：
一、语法一致原则
1、以and或both...and...连接名词作主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是同一个人或事物（即and后面的名词前没有冠词），则谓语动词要用单数形式。

and连接并列主语，若前面有each, every, many a, no等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：
Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health.
The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week..
Each boy and each girl has got a present.
2、不定代词another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：
Everyone is getting ready for the exam.
3、主语后面跟with, along with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致。

如：
Mei Mei, together with her parents, often goes to the park on Sunday.
4、a number of +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：
A number of trees have been planted.
The number of the students in our school is 2000.
5、主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ box/ pair / series/ ton/ metre）of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。

如：
A pair of gloves is lying on the table.
Fifteen pairs of gloves are made each day.
6、“分数或百分数+名词”作主语或“a lot of/ lots of, plenty of, most of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词。

Two thirds of the work has been finished.
Most of the books are written in English.
7、不定式或v.-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：
Reading is learning.
二、意义一致原则
1、有些集体名词如crowd, family, team, group, government, company, class, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则谓语动词用单数；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。

如：
His family is going to move.
His family are watching TV.
2、有些集合名词如people, police, cattle等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news, means, works, physics, maths等，形式上是复数，意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。

如：
The police are searching for the murderer.
Maths is my favorite subject.
3、表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格的复数名词作语时，谓语动词常用单数。

如：
Two years isn’t a long time.
4、“the+形容词”表示一类人，“the+姓氏名词复数”表示“…一家”或“…夫妇”，作主语时谓语动词用复数。

如：
The young are energetic.
The Blacks enjoy working in China.
5、算式中表示加法和乘法时，谓语动词可以用单数，也可以用复数形式；减法和除法必须用单数形式。

如：
What is/ are three times three?
Nine minus five is four.
6、one and a half 后面接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；one+单数名词+and+a half 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：
One and a half cakes are a good meal for the monkey.
One cake and a half is a good meal for the monkey.
三、就近一致原则
1、由either...or..., or..., neither...nor..., not...but..., not only...but also...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。

如：
Neither you nor he is wrong.
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.
2、there be 和here be这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。

如：
There is a book and two pens on the desk.
倒装句
1、so, neither倒装句型
So+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语
Neither +助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语（用于否定句中）
表示前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物。

这种结构中的助动词/be动词/情态动词的选择要依据前一句的谓语而定，而其单复数由后句的主语决定。

如：
---Jim works very hard. ---So does his sister.
注：当后者对前者所说的内容表示赞同或加以证实、强调时，用结构“so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示，意为“……的确如此”。

如：
---Chinese people like tea. ---So they do.
2、There be 结构（主语在be动词之后）
3、方位副词位于句首
方位副词here, there, down, out位于句首时，如果主语是名词，则句子要倒装；若主语是代词，则句子不倒装。

如：
Here is a letter for you.
Here you are.
4、否定副词位于句首：never, hardly, seldom, little, not until, not等。

如：
Hardly did I know anything about it.
5、not only...but also...与neither...nor...连接并列句子
not only...but also...连接并列句子，前倒后不倒（如果连接两个并列主语，句子不用倒装）；neither...nor...连接并列句子，前后都倒装。

如：
Not only does he know French, but also he is expert at it.
Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.。