光的折射实验步骤及结果

光的折射实验步骤及结果
英文回答：
The experiment to demonstrate the refraction of light involves a few simple steps. Here's how you can conduct the experiment:
1. Gather the materials: You will need a transparent medium such as a glass or plastic container filled with water, a light source such as a flashlight or laser pointer, and a piece of paper or a screen to observe the light.
2. Set up the experiment: Place the transparent medium, such as the glass or plastic container, on a flat surface. Make sure it is filled with water, ensuring that the water level is high enough to submerge the light source.
3. Position the light source: Turn on the flashlight or laser pointer and place it at an angle near the side of the transparent medium. The light beam should enter the medium
at an angle.
4. Observe the light beam: Look through the transparent medium from the opposite side of the light source. You will notice that the light beam bends or changes direction as it enters the medium. This bending of light is known as refraction.
5. Measure the angles: To measure the angle of refraction, you can use a protractor or a ruler. Measure
the angle between the incident ray (the incoming light beam) and the normal (a line perpendicular to the surface of the medium) before and after refraction. You will find that the angle of refraction is different from the angle of incidence.
6. Repeat the experiment: You can repeat the experiment with different transparent mediums, such as glass or
plastic containers filled with liquids other than water, to observe how the refractive index of the medium affects the bending of light.
The results of the experiment will demonstrate the phenomenon of refraction. When light passes from one medium to another, such as from air to water or from air to glass, it changes direction due to the change in speed. The amount of bending depends on the refractive index of the medium, which is a measure of how much the speed of light changes in that medium. The refractive index determines the angle at which the light is bent.
中文回答：
光的折射实验包括几个简单的步骤。

以下是如何进行实验的方法：
1. 收集材料，你需要一个透明的介质，如玻璃或塑料容器，里面装满水，一个光源，如手电筒或激光笔，以及一张纸或屏幕用于观察光线。

2. 设置实验，将透明介质，如玻璃或塑料容器，放在平坦的表面上。

确保里面装满水，并确保水位足够淹没光源。

3. 定位光源，打开手电筒或激光笔，将其放在透明介质的一侧
附近的角度上。

光束应以一定的角度进入介质。

4. 观察光束，从光源的对面通过透明介质观察。

你会注意到光
束在进入介质时弯曲或改变方向。

这种光的弯曲被称为折射。

5. 测量角度，你可以使用量角器或尺子来测量折射角。

测量入
射光线（进入的光束）与法线（垂直于介质表面的线）之间的角度，在折射前后分别测量。

你会发现折射角度与入射角度不同。

6. 重复实验，你可以用不同的透明介质，如玻璃或塑料容器装
满不同于水的液体，重复实验，观察介质的折射率如何影响光的弯曲。

实验的结果将展示折射现象。

当光从一个介质传播到另一个介质，如从空气传播到水或从空气传播到玻璃，由于速度的改变，光
线会改变方向。

光线的弯曲程度取决于介质的折射率，折射率是介
质中光速改变的程度的度量。

折射率决定了光线的折射角度。