2020中考人教版初中英语情态动词知识点及经典练习题

中考人教版初中英语情态动词知识点及经典练习题
情态动词知识点总结： （一） 情态动词的定义
情态动词表示说话人对动作的态度，比如：需要，可能，意愿，猜测或者怀疑等等。

（二） 情态动词的特点
1）有一定词义；
2） 不受主语人称和数的变化影响；
3） 与主要动词的原形（或称不带 to 的不定式）一起构成谓语（除 ought to 作固定词组看待） 4 ）否定句中，在情态
动词后面加 not 。

（三）
情态动词有：
must, shall, should, had better
词形无变化
can （ could ）, may （might ）, will （would ） 词形有变化
n eed
既可以是情态动词，也可以是实义动词，具有双重性。

（四） 情态动词的基本用法
1. can （could ）
1）表示会做某事，有能力做某事。

意思
=be able to
其否定式can ' t 表示"不能”。

在过去时中
用could 和couldn ' t. | （即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时 may 和must 均不可代替它）。

He can speak En glish, but he can ' t speak Japa nese.
=He is able to speak English, but he isn
' t able to speak Japanese.
I could smile but I could n ' t speak whe n I was 2 mon ths old.
=I was able to smile but I wan
s ' t able to speak whe n I was 2 mon ths old. 区别：1、can 只用于现在时和过去时 （could ）, be able to
可用于各种时态。

They will be able to tell you the n ews soon.
2、be able to 不与can 连用，但可以和其他情态动词或助动词连用。

He may be able to speak En glish very well some day in the future.
3
、用在过去时中，could 经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而 was/ were able to 则表示
“过去做成了某事”。

在否定句中两者可通用。

2）用于征求意见
-----Can /Could /May /Might I （we ） do sth? ----Yes, you can/may. / Of course you can.
No （Sorry ）, you can ' t. /mustn
' t.
注意：①此处的could 和might 都不表示过去，只是语气上的委婉，不用作回答。

②否定回答中，表示对他人造成一定伤害或影响，或表示违反了某种规定或法律时，用 must n ' t
较好。

e.g. ------------Could I take the book out of the library?
------May I smoke here? ---------------- I ' m afraid you mustn
③表示过去能力时，could 提问，只能用could 回答。

e.g. ------------Could you ride a bike whe n you were 4 years old? 3）表提出意见或请求
Can/Could you （please ） do sth? = Would you （please ） do sth? （此句型中 some 不变 any ）
e.g. Could you please give me a hand?
Would you please pass me some salt? 4） 表示允许或承诺 =may
e.g. OK. You can /may come and find me at any time tomorrow.
5） 表示有一定把握的推测，用于否定句和疑问句。

此时
can't 译为“不可能” 肯定句用must 。

表示
没有把握的推测，用
may/might
---- Sorry, you mustn
' t.
't.
---- No, I couldn
' t.
e.g. -------- The win dow is broke n. Who did it?
---- It may be Mary.
---- It can ' t be Mary. The window is in the men ' s toilet.
---- Can it be anyone else?
---- Then, it must be Bob. I saw him go into the toilet just now.
He can' t （couldn ' t） have en ough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。

【例题】一I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. —No. She __be there, I have just been there. A.can' t B.mustn ' t C.needn ' t D.wouldn 't
【解析】根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知，应为“不可能”，can't 表示推测［答案］A
2.may （might）
may表示“可以，可能”，否定形式may not，表示“不可以”。

1）表示没有把握的推测，“可能，也许”。

可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。

e.g. He may have a lot of work to do. = Maybe he has a lot of work to do.
You may be right. = Maybe you are right.
2）表示请求“我可以……吗？”表示请求、许可，比can正式
e.g. You may /ca n go now.
---- May I use your pen?
---- Yes, you may. / Yes, please. / Go ahead.
---- No, you can ' t. / mustn ' t.
在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please
don' t ./ You ' d better not. / No, you mustn ' t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。

3）、表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。

通常是用may+主+V例如：May you have a good time.
祝你过得愉快。

May you be happy!祝你幸福！May you succeed !祝你成功！
3.must
must表示“必须，肯定，一定”，否定形式mustn' t = must not 表示“禁止”。

1）表示必须，意思同have to
e.g. -------- Must I do it now?
---- Yes, you must.
---- No, you don ' t have to. / No, you needn ' t.（注意：否定回答不用mustn ' t）Children mustn ' t play on the road because it ' s too dangerous. （mustn ' t 只表“禁止” ）He doesn ' t have to go away from here.
=He needn ' t leave here.
区别：①must表达主观意愿的“必须”，have to表达客观上或按道理说“不得不”。

e.g. I must study hard.
It ' s too late. I have to go now.
②must没有人称和时态的变化，而have to有。

e.g. He had to walk back home because he lost all his mon ey.
Mom will be away for a week, so we will have to do the cook ing by ourselves.
2）表示有把握的肯定句中的推测，“肯定，一定”，只用于肯定句。

He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。

他的脸色苍白。

注意其反意问句的构成形式：
当must表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。

如：
She must have seen the film before , has n't she?（注意反意疑问句的后半部分）
You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday , didn 't you?（注意反意疑问句的后半部分）
4. n eed
need 表示"需要”，否定形式needn ' t = need not
"不必、不需要”
1） 、作情态动词，仅用于否定句和疑问句。

e.g. He needn
' t go home early yesterday. = He didn ' t need/have to go home early yesterday.
Need I call him right now?
---- Yes, you must.（ 注意：肯定回答不用 need ） ---- No, you needn ' t. /No, you don ' t have to.
2） 、作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式： need sth./sb.
need to do sth. 否定形式 don ' t need to = don ' t have to 表示"不必”
e.g. I n eed some help.
He n eeded to go home early yesterday.
5. dare 的用法：
dare 意为"敢、敢于”，用法近似于
need ，有两种词性：
（1） dare 作为情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中 ，无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和
一般过去时。

如： Dare he tell them what he knows?他敢告诉他们所知道的情况吗？
I daren ' t ask her
-will you do it for me?
我可不敢问她，你能帮我问问吗？
（2） dare 作为实义动词，此时有人称、数及时态的变化 。

如：He doesn ' t dare to break his promise. 他不敢食言。

注意：在口语中，dare 的各种形式常与不带 to 的不定式连用。

女口： Do you dare tell her what I said? 你敢告诉她我
说的话吗？ I didn ' t dare look at him. 我不敢看他 归纳：need 和dare 的用法
1、need 和dare 既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。

用作情态动词时，通常不用于肯定句而
主要用于否定句和疑问句。

用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。

2
、其他用法：I dare say …为固定习语，不是“我敢说”而是“我想” 。

I dare day he ' ll come again.
我想他会再来的。

Needn ' t have done: 表示本没必要做而做了
6. shall 的用法：
1） 表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。

Shall I get some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？
Shall the boy wait outside?
让那男孩在外面等吗？
2） 表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。

You shall do as I say.
按我说的做。

（命令）
You shall have my an swer tomorrow.
你明天可以得到我的答复。

（允诺）
He shall be sorry for it o ne day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。

（警告）
Nothi ng shall stop us from carryi ng out the pla n.
什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。

（决心）
归纳：在英语中，我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。

Do I need to call him right now?
---- Yes, you do. / -------------- No, you don ' t.
如果是物作主语，一般用 need doing 与need to be done 这种情况下应注意两点：
①.主动形式的动名词
doing 具有被动的含义；②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意
义不变。

例如： .The door n eeds pain ti ng. = The door n eeds to be pain ted. 那扇门需要油漆一下。

Your car n eeds mending. = Your car n eeds to be repaired.
3）、need 作名词
be in （great ） n eed of sth = n eed sth （badly ） meet the n eed
"满足需要（需求）”
there is/was no n eed （for sb ） to do sth
.The door n eeds pain ti ng. = The door n eeds to be pain ted. 你的车需要维修了。

“非常需要某物” “某人没必要做某事”
(1).用"Let's do... ”来提出建议。

如：Let's go for a walk after supper.
(2).用"What/How about...? ” 来提出建议；about 后接名词或动词ing 形式。

如：What about/How about
a drink? What about/How about tak ing Tom with us?
(3).用"Why not...? ”来提出建议，表示"何不......... ” not 面后接动词原形。

"Why not...? ”实际上是
“ Why don't you/we...? ”的简略形式。

如：Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why don't we
stay here ano ther day?
(4).用"Would you like...? ”来提出建议，意思是"你想要.... 吗？” Would you like 后可接名词或不定式。

如：Would you like a cup of tea? Would you like to go and see her?
因此，如果我们说："去游泳好吗？”英语中可有这样几种表达法：Shall we go for a swim? Let's
go for a swim , shall we? What about/How about going swimming? Why not go for a swim? Would you like to go for a swim? What do you thi nk of going for a swim?
6、will 的用法
1）、表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。

“愿意”
I will do any thi ng for you. 我愿为你做任何事。

2）、表请求，用于疑问句。

Will you close the window? It ' s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。

Won t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？
1、w ill在there be 句型中的形式及其句式变换。

由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“ will+动词原形”来表示，所以there be句型的一般将来时的形式就
是there will be。

(一定不能说there will have)例如：There are manystudents in our school. There will be many students in our school. There will be a sports meeting next week. 一定不能说：There
will have a sports meet ing next week.
2、will 与be going to do something 区另U：
①.be going to表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：He is going to
write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.
②.be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。

He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.
③.be going to含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will 则没有这个意思，如：She is going to lend us her book.
He will be here in half an hour.
④.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用be going to, 而多用will,女口：If any beasts comes at you, I'll
stay with you and help you.
7. should 的用法
1）、表义务。

意为“应该"（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。

否定形式should n' t = should not 表示、亠”
a —r-- H—
不应该
You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。

2）、表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。

The film should be very good as it is starri ng first-class actors.
这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。

They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。

8.would的用法
1）表意愿
I said I would do anything for you.
我说过我愿意为你做任何事。

2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。

常见句型：①表请求Would you please do …? ----------------- OK…./ Sorry, ….
② Would you like sth? -------------- Yes, please. / No, tha nks.
Would you like to do sth? ---- 1 ' d love to.
---- I ' d love to, but …
（注意：以上句型中，some不变any）
9、ought to
1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。

You oughtn ' t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。

2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。

There' s a fine sun set; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。

10、used to
表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。

疑问式和否定式有两种。

I usedn ' t （didn ' t use） to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。

Used you （Did you use） to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？
11、had better do 表示“最好是做.... ”，否定形式had better not do
e.g. You ' d better not drink so much coffee.
区另11' s better for you to do more exercise and not to have so much junk foo
归纳：一、不同情态动词的否定意义也不同:
1.(1) .can 't 可译为“不会”，如如：I can ' t play basket ball.我不会打篮球。

(2)当句子表推测时，用can't 表达不可能，如：He can' t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom. 他不可能病了，他正和Tom下棋呢。

(3)can't还可用来回答“ May I…? ”这样的问句。

如：May I come in ? 我可以进来吗？No, you mustn' t. / can ' t.不，你不能。

(4)can't还可用于固定习语中。

can' t help doing 禁不住，情不自禁
can' t wait to do something 迫不及待地要做…
如口：She can' t help crying. 她不禁大哭起来。

The children can ' t wait to open the box. 孩子们迫不及待地想打开盒子。

2.may的否定式为may not，译成“可能不”，如：He may not be at home. 他也许不在家。

3.(1) must n't表示不许，不可。

如：He must n' t leave his room. 他不许离开他的房间。

You must n't talk in class. 你们不可以在课上说话。

(2) mustn 't也可用于以may表示要求时的否定回答中。

口：一May I stand here? 我可以站在这里吗？一No, you mustn ' t (can ' t).不，不行。

4.(1) need n't 意为“不必”。

如：You need n' t meet him un less you ' d like to. 你不需要见他，除非你愿意。

(2)needn' t + have+动词的过去分词，表没必要做而做了的动作，暗含时间或精力上的浪费。

如：
You need n' t have bought it. 你没必要买它(但你却买了) 。

5.shouldn 't 表示不应该。

如口：You shouldn ' t feel so unhappy over such little things. 对于这种
小事，你不应该感到这么不高兴。

二、含有情态动词的疑问句的回答：
1.对may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course. Yes, certainly. Sure .
No, you mustn ' t. No, you can ' t.
2.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：Yes,…must. No,…needn ' t/ don ' t have to.
3.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。

如:Could you do mea favour?你能帮我个忙吗？一Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗？一Yes, you can.可以。

（注意回答）
4.shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。

其回答方式有以下几种：
Yes, please. All right. No, tha nk you.
5.would you…的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. （No, I won' t.） Sure . （I ' m sorry , I can' t.）
All right/ OK/ With pleasure. Certai nly. （No, thank you .）Yes, please.
【例题】一Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily? — _______ .
A.That' s right
B.With pleasure
C.It doesn ' t matter
D.No trouble
【解析】A.意为“对了”， B.意为“乐意效劳” ，C.意为“没关系” D.意为“不费事”。

答案： B
三、：情态动词表示推测的用法：
1、“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在的推测。

1）、can 表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。

女口：That mancan z t be her husbandshe is still single.
Who is kn ock ing at the door? Can it be the postma n?
2）、must 表示肯定的推测，一般用于肯定句中。

女口：He must be in his office now.Mr Li must be working
now, for the lights in his office are still on.
3）、might表示推测时不一定是may的过去时，只是表示其可能性较小。

如：The man may be the headmaster.
—Where is Mr Li? —He might be working in his office. —May Mr Li come?— He might not come here.
4）、Could表示推测时，语气can比要弱，说话者留有余地。

口：一Could it be an animal? —It could not be , because it is not moving.
5）、Should表示推测的可能性比较大，仅比must的可能性小一点。

如：It is already 10 o' clock now they should be there.
2、情态动词表示对过去可能发生的动作或存在过的动作的推测性用法。

1 ）、“must +have don e/been ------------- ”表示“过去一定发生过某事或存在过某种状态”，不用于
“ musri t+have ——”形式。

如：She must have see n the film before , hasn't she?（注意反意疑问
句的后半部分）
You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday , didn 't you?（注意反意疑问句的后半
部分）
2）、“should +have done /been ---------------- ”表示“本应当做某事，而实际上并没有做”；“shouldn ' t+ 完成式”表示“本来不应当做，而实际上却做了”。

以上结构常带有说话者的责备的感情色彩。

女口：
You should have finished your homework earlier （but in fact you did not finish it on time）.
You shouldn ' t have gone to bed when you woke up at five （but in fact you went to bed again
the n）.
3）、“needn' t+完成式”表示“本来没有必要做某事，而实际上却做了”。

女口：There was plenty of time.
She needn / t have hurried .
4）、“ can' t /couldn ' t+have done /been ----------------- ”表示“过去不可能发生了某事或存在过某种状态”。

如：
I saw him just now. He can ' t have gone to Japan.
She said the man couldn ' t have stolen her car.
5）、“could+h ave done/been ------------- ”表示“过去本来能够，可以做某事或成为某种状态，而实际上没
有”，说话者有些遗憾。

“ could sb. have done /bee n ------------- ? ”是它的问句形式。

如：You could have stayed with the
Smiths while you were in New York （but in fact you stayed in a n earby hotel .） Could Mr Li have helped this girl stude nt?
6)、“ may/might+完成式”表示"过去可能，本来可以于某事而实际上没有干”，might的可能性较小，
语气较弱。

如：He may have finished reading the book. She might have given you some help，however
bus she was.
拓展：
情态动词后跟进行式，表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“应当正在”等意。

It ' s twelve o ' clock. They must having lunch. 现在是十二点。

他们一定正在吃饭。

They may be discuss ing problem. 他们可能正在论讨这个问题。

He can' t be telling the truth. 他说的不可能是真话。

She shouldn ' t be working like that. She ' s still so weak. 她不应当那样干，她身体仍那
么虚。

情态动词易混点归纳
易混点一：can 禾口be able to:
两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形“ can”和过去式“ could ”两种形式，在其他时态中要用be able to 来表示。

另外be able to 常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。

易混点二：can和may
1.can和may均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。

如：Can/ May I help you ?我
能帮助你吗？
2.can和may表示可能性时的区别：
1)在肯定句中用might , may, must，不用can
2)在疑问句中表示推测用can,不用might , may, must
3)在否定句中用can' t (不可能)，不用may, must。

如：She may be in the classroom . 她可能在教室里。

Where can they be now? 他们现在可能在哪儿？That can ' t be true. 那不可能是真的。

易混点三:may be 禾口maybe
用法区别常用位置
may be may 为情态动词，be为动词原形句中，作谓语
maybe 副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps 句首，作状语
例如：He may be wrong, but I ' m not sure.也许他错了，但我也不确定。

易混点四：can't 和must n't
1.can 't根据其基本用法可译为：
(1)不会。

如：lean ' t speak English . 我不会说英语。

(2)不能。

如：We can' t do it now because it ' s too dark.天太黑了，我们现在干不了。

(3)否定句中表示推测。

“不可能”，如：The mancan' t be our teacher because he is muchyounger
than our teacher.. 那个人不可能是咱们老师，他年轻得多。

2.must n't意为“禁止、不许”，用来表达命令，表示强烈的语气。

如：You must n' t play football in
the street. It ' s too dangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球，太危险了。

易混点五：must禾口have to
1.must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。

have to侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。

2.have to可以用于多种时态；而must只用于一般现在或将来。

如：The composition is due to ha nd in
this morni ng, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。

易混点六:used to do / be used to doing / be used to do …/ be used for doing sth
used to do 表示过去常常发生的动作，强调过去，只用于过去，注意用to do，不用doing形式；be used to doing 意为“习惯做…”，be可有各种时态；
be used to do 意为“....... 被使用去做.... ,”为被动语态形式。

14. I thought you _________________ be hun gry, so I have brought you some cakes.
A. may
B. might
C. can
D. could
15. I won der how he ___________________ that to the teacher.
A. dare to say
B. dare say ing
C. not dare say
D. dared say
16. Come on! We ___________________ hurry because there isn't much time left.
A. may
B. must
C. can
D. n eed
17. Amy did best in the En glish test. She ____________________ hard last week.
A. must have work ing
B. should have worked
C. should work
D. must work
18. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but every one
get out.
A. had to
B. would
C. could
D. was able to
19. ---I stayed at a hotel while in NewYork.
---Oh,
did you? You
with
Barbara.
A. could have stayed
B. could stay
C. would stay
D. must have stayed
20. It's n early seve n o'clock. Jack
be here at any mome nt.
A. must
B. n eed
C. should
D. can
答案：
be used for doing sth 不得
不早起了。

She is 他不习惯在饭店吃饭。

My father used to eat ing meat. wasn'
“用作……”如：
used to eating meat.她习惯吃肉。

He A knife can be used for cutt ing thin gs.（ 刀可以用来割东
西）
我父亲过去起床晚，但现在
t used to eat ing in a restaura nt. 刀可以
用来割东西 ” A knife can be
used to cut thin gs.（
经典练习题：
1.1 _______________ you, because I I must be wrong.
A. dare not ask
B. dare not
C. dare not ask ing
some flowers in the garde n.
D. dare to not ask
2. There
A. were used to be
B. used to be
C. uses to be
3. " ______________ I take it out?"
"I'm sorry, you _______________
A. Could ...could n't
B. Might...might not
4. You were stupid to climb tree. You ______________________ hurt yourself.
A. may
did n't you ?
A. should post
B. should have posted
6. All the lights are on, miths __________________ up.
A. must get
B. is gett ing
C. must be gett ing 7. He
lead a but he
not make it drink.
D. used to be hav ing
II
C. Could...ca n
D. May...ca n't
C. must have posted
D. ought to post.
D. would get
B. may...ca n
8. "Need we do this job no w?"
A. you n eed
B. you should 9. ______________ to have lunch with us today?
A. Do you likes
10. He said that you ______________
A. may
B. must
11. -Is Joh n coming by train? car.
A. will...ca n
C. may...dares "Yes, ______________ C. you must
D. dare...ca n
II
D. you can
B. Would you like
C. Will you liked
___ watch TV all the evening if you wished.
C. can
D. might
--He should, but he
A. must
B. can
C. need 12. Peter
A. must
13. Michael
A. n eed n't
D. may
__ come with us toni ght, but he isn't very sure yet. B. can
C. may
D. will
_____ b e a policema n, for he's much too short.
B. can't
C. should n't
D. won't
D. Have you liked
not. He likes drivi ng his
1.A
2.B
3.D
4.D
5.B
6.C
7.B
8.C
9.B10.D11.D12.C13.B14.B15.D16.B17.A18.D19.A20.C
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1 •根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。

Do you often listen to music at loud volumes ( 音量)? You should know that this habit is bad for your hearing. Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss ( 听力丧失),because of listening to loud noise for long periods of time. Listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volumes can harm your hearing.
The Un ited Nati ons has sta ndards for safe liste nin g. It is not safe to liste n to sounds that are louder tha n 85 dB (分贝)for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes. The sound of a busy road is about 85 dB and the sound of a rock concert can be about 100 dB.
Loud noise is harmful to the inner 二Most of us are bon with about 16,000 hair cells ( 听毛纟田胞)in our inner ears. These cells notice sounds. However, listening to loud noise for a long time can make these cells work too hard and cause some of them to die. This is what causes heari ng loss. Once this happe ns, it's hard to get your heari ng back.
Some people might think that their music isn't all that loud. But this can depend on where you are. For example, if you are in a no isy place like the subway, you might tur n up your music too loud without realiz ing it. Later, whe n you liste n to it at the same volume in a quiet place, you alight feel un comfortable
The "safe level" for most sound is below 80 dB for up to 40 hours a week. A level of 80 dB is about equal to ( 相当于)the noise of a subway.
Here is some advice on safe listening. Over—the —ear headphones (头戴式耳机)are better than in —ear
on es. They do a better job of stopp ing outside no ise, so you can liste n at a lower volume. Don't liste n to loud music on your headphones for a long time. Follow the 60:60 rule: listen to music at 60 percent of your headph on es' maximum volume for no more tha n 60 minu tes a day.
(1)It is safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 100 dB for 15 minutes
(2)Listening to loud noise for a long time can cause some hair cells in the inner ear to die.
(3)From the fourth paragraph, we know people don't always realize how loud their music is.
(4)In—ear headphones are better than over —the—eat ones because they can stop more outside noise.
(5)This article mainly tells us why ears are an important part of our bodies.
【答案】(1) 0
(2) 1
(3) 1
(4)0
(5)0
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述了听大音量音乐的习惯对听力有害。

世界卫生组织称，超过10 亿的年轻人在听力方面存在问题，因为他们长时间大声聆听。

联合国有安全聆听标准。

听八十小时大于85 分贝或15分钟大声100分钟的声音是不安全的。

长时间聆听大声的声音可能会使这些细胞工作太猛，并使其中一些细胞死亡。

这就是人们听力损失的原因。

（1）判断正误题。

根据It is n ot safe to liste n to sou nds that are louder than 85 dB （分贝）for eight hours or
100 dB for 15 minutes.可知挺高于85分贝八个小时或者100分贝15分钟是不安全的。

故答案为错误。

（2）判断正误题。

根据However, listening to loud noise for a long time can make these cells work too hard and
cause some of them to die. 可知听大声的噪音很长时间能使这些耳毛细胞工作太猛，造成一些耳毛细胞死
亡，故答案为正确。

（3）判断正误题。

根据if you are in a no isy place like the subway, you might turn up your music too loud
without realiz ing it.可知如果你在像地铁这样吵闹的地方，你可能无意识的把声音调到太大，可知第四段告
诉我们人们不总是能意识到他们的音乐有多大声，故答案为正确。

（4）判断正误题。

根据Over—the —ear headphones （头戴式耳机）are better than in —ear ones. They do a
better job of stopp ing outside no ise, so you can liste n at a lower volume. 可知头戴式耳机比置入式耳机更好，
故答案为错误。

（5）判断正误题。

通读全文可知大意是：听大声的音乐对听力有害，不是讲耳朵是人体重要的组成部分，
故答案为错误。

【点评】考查阅读理解能力，首先通读全文，掌握大意，然后根据细节判断所给句子的正确，注意要找到依据。

2 •阅读理解
I walked into a stra nger as he passed by me.
"Excuse me." I said.
He replied with a smile and said, "Please excuse me, too. I did n't no tice you."
We apologized（道歉）and went for our own ways.
Later that day, whe n I was cook ing, my daughter was sta nding too n ear. When I tur ned to reach for some milk,
I n early kn ocked her over. "Move out of the way!" I shouted.
She walked away sadly. But I did n't feel like I had to apologize to her.
While I was in bed that evening, my husba nd said to me. "While deali ng with a stra nger, you were polite. But with a daughter you love, you were unkind. Your daughter brought you some flowers that she picked herself this after noon. You will find them in the kitche n by the door. Have you see n the tears in her eyes?"
I quietly went and sat dow n by my daughter's bed.
"Hon ey, I am so sorry." I said. "Are these the flowers you picked for me?"
She said, "I found them by the tree. I picked them because they're pretty like you. I knew you'd like them, especially the blue on es."
I tearfully replied, "Sweetie, I'm really sorry for the way I acted today. I should n't have shouted at you."
"It's OK. I love you any way." She said as she kissed me on my cheek.
If we can be polite to stra ngers, why can't we do the same for the ones we love?
(1)
The writer was to the stra nger who she walked in to.
A. mad
B. hon est
C. unkind
(2)
Where were they when the writer shouted at her daughter?
A. In the kitche n.
B. By the tree.
C. In the bedroom.
(3) What did the writer's husband think when he saw her action?
A. The little girl should n't cry.
B. She should n't shout at their daughter.
C. She should n't say sorry to the stranger.
D. Both he and his wife should apologize to their daughter.
(4)
What may be the writer's favorite color according to the passage?
A. Yellow.
B. Pink.
C. Blue.
(5)
What do you think is the best title for the passage?
A. Be frien dly to stra ngers.
B. Mothers like flowers.
C. Be kind to loved on es.
D. Love betwee n pare nts and childre n.
【答案】 (1) D (2) A (3) B (4) C (5)
C
【解析】【分析】大意：作者走在路上撞到陌生人，相互表示歉意，而在家里因为女儿站地离自己很近，
结果取牛奶的时候几乎绊倒女儿却生气对女儿大叫，导致女儿难过流泪，后来因为老公的点醒，让作者意 思到对待爱自己的人要好的道理。

(1)
细节题。

根据"Excuse me." I said.
可知，作者对待陌生人很有礼貌，故选
D 。

(2) 细节题。

根据 whe n I was cook ing. Move out of the way!" I shouted.可知，作者是在厨房对女儿大喊大 叫，故选A 。

(3)
推断题。

根据
While deali ng with a stran ger, you were polite. But with a daughter you love, you were
unkind.可知，作者的丈夫认为她不应该对女儿大叫，故选
B 。

(4)
推断
题。

根据I knew you'd like them, especially the blue ones."可知，作者可能最喜欢蓝色，故选
C 。

(5) 主旨题。

作者走在路上撞到陌生人，相互表示歉意，而在家里因为女儿站地离自己很近，结果取牛
奶的时候几乎绊倒女儿却生气对女儿大叫，导致女儿难过流泪，后来因为老公的点醒，让作者意思到对待 爱自己的人要好的道理，故选
Co
【点评】考查阅读理解。

细节题、推断题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。

细节题需要从文中寻找答 案；推断题
D. polite
D. In the garde n.
D. Red.。