英语学科虚拟语气小结资料
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在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange,
natural) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句
中的谓语动词用： sshhoouuldldh+av动e 词原形
1.It’s necessary that we ________a walk
3. I wish I could remember more about my mum.
4. I wish that she were here with me and that we weren’t sick. 5. I wish people would find out the facts and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person.
What would you do if you won the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would…
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If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.
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If I had a lot of money,
If I _w_e_re_a teacher, I….
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条件从句 条件从句的谓语 主语的谓语形
形式
式
与将来相 ①过去式 (did)
反
②should + do
③were to do
should/would/
could/might+动 词原形
1. If the teacher asked me to solve the problem next time, I could try my best. 2. If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. 3. If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.
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三、虚拟语气在 在宾语从句中
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1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从 句：表示愿望(wish ), 建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend )，要求 (demand, request, require, insist ), 命令 (order, command )等。 除wish外，其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。
I would buy a villa.
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If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.
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If it were fine now, I would go shopping.
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1. I wish shew_o_u_ld__be____ (be) on my side.
2. I wish I w__er_e____(be)30 years younger.
3. I wish (that) youw_o_u_ld__ge_t_____(get) a good job. hadn’t done
第21页/共74页
二、省略 if 的条件从句
当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可 省略if ，而把它们放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,… If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.
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二、虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，
表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况( 以 do 为例)：
第5页/共74页
表示与事实 条件从句的谓语 主句的谓语形式 情况相反 形式
与现在事实 过去式(did)
相反
(be常用 were)
Would / could / might / should + 动词原形(do)
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Unit7-8 TGheraSmubmjuanrctive Mood
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一、虚拟语气的概念
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式， 一种是用来表示说话人所说的话 不是一个事实，而是一种假设、 猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让 步状语从句中)；另一种是表示说 话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议 等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位 语从句)。
4. He wished he ____________(do)it.
wash
5. He ordered that the students _________ (wash) the clothes every week by themselves.
第36页/共74页
2、记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意 思，要用不同的语气
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I wish it would rain tomorrow.
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wish 接宾语从句有三种情况：
+ did(与现在事实相反)
wish + had done(与过去事实相反)
+would /could/ might +do (将来不大可能实现的愿望 )
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3. If you _h_a_d__as_k_e_d_him yesterday, you __w_o_u_ld__kn_o_w__what to do now. 如果昨天你问他的话，他现在就知道 该怎么做了.
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四. 含蓄条件句
一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), 等表示含蓄的 条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气（与过去 事实相反的情况）
Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟 形式，即 should + do;
Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用 陈述语气，表示事实。
Suggest 表示“建议”时，用should +do形式。
Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用 陈述语气。
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The teacher suggested that we __(s_h_ou_l_d_) _cl_e_an___the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
they, we )+had could/might +
+过去分词
have+过去分词
例：
If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him.
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。
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If I __h_a_d__h_a_d__(have)time last night, I _w_o_u_l_d_h__a_v_e_g_o_n_e__(go) to see the
film with you .
第9页/共74页
If he had driven (drive) more carefully, he would not have had (have) the car
If you__w_e_r_e_t_o_s_u_c_ce_e_d_____, everything __w__o_u_ld__b_e_____all right.
第20页/共74页
If he_____g_o_t (get )up early tomorrow,
he __w_o_ul_d_be__(be) on time.
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Wish
In Subjunctive mood
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I wish I were as tall as you.
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I wish I were a bird.
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I wish / wished I hadn’t eaten so much watermelon.
He insisted that all of us__s_ho_u_l_d_b_e___ there on time by any means. 他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去 那儿。 He insisted that he __w_a_s___right.
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虚拟语气在 在主语从句中
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1.如果他们以前努力学习的话， 那天做得就会容易些。
If they had studied hard , they could have done it easily that day. 2.如果他不听取我的建议，
他就不会干得这样好。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn’t have done it much better like this.
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如果你成功了，一切都会好起来。
If you_s_uc_c_ee_d_ed_, everything_w_o_u_ld_b_e all right.
If you __s_h_o_u_ld__su_c_c_ee_d__， everything__w_o_u_l_d_b_e___ all right.
相反
they, we )+动词 could/might+动
过去式
词原形
例： If I were a teacher, I would be kind to my students.
If I had HIV, I would know because I would
feel sick.
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与过去事实 过去完成式(had 上面4个情态动词
相反
+done
+have done
与将来事实 ①过去式 (did)
相反
②should 个情态动词 + do
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条件从句
条件从句的谓语形 主语的谓语形式 式
与过去相反
If I (you, he/she, should/would/
Should he fail in the experiment…
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三、错综时间的条件句
即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同, 此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式 如：
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在 干的就会容易些。
1.Without your help, we would not have made such rapid pr第o26g页r/共e7s4页s.
2. But for my brother's help, I _w_o_u_ld_n_o_t_h_av_e_f_in_i_sh_e_d (finish) it on time. 3. I had to do sth. more important, otherwise I__m_i_gh_t_h_av_e_h_el_pe_d__ (help).
accident yesterday.
第10页/共74页
had learnt
If I
(learn) how to swim,
I would not have been trapped (trap) in this island.
第11页/共74页
条件从句
条件从句的谓语 主语的谓语形式 形式
与现在事实 If I (you, he/she, should/would/
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If the staff careful,
had bmeeonre
the mall would not be on fire now.
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2. If he __ha_d__n_ot__ta_k_e_n_my advice, he w_o_u_ld_n_’__t_d_o_it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干 得这样好。
在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange,
natural) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句
中的谓语动词用： sshhoouuldldh+av动e 词原形
1.It’s necessary that we ________a walk
3. I wish I could remember more about my mum.
4. I wish that she were here with me and that we weren’t sick. 5. I wish people would find out the facts and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person.
What would you do if you won the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would…
第13页/共74页
If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.
第14页/共74页
If I had a lot of money,
If I _w_e_re_a teacher, I….
第18页/共74页
条件从句 条件从句的谓语 主语的谓语形
形式
式
与将来相 ①过去式 (did)
反
②should + do
③were to do
should/would/
could/might+动 词原形
1. If the teacher asked me to solve the problem next time, I could try my best. 2. If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. 3. If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.
第27页/共74页
三、虚拟语气在 在宾语从句中
第28页/共74页
1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从 句：表示愿望(wish ), 建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend )，要求 (demand, request, require, insist ), 命令 (order, command )等。 除wish外，其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。
I would buy a villa.
第15页/共74页
If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.
第16页/共74页
If it were fine now, I would go shopping.
第17页/共74页
1. I wish shew_o_u_ld__be____ (be) on my side.
2. I wish I w__er_e____(be)30 years younger.
3. I wish (that) youw_o_u_ld__ge_t_____(get) a good job. hadn’t done
第21页/共74页
二、省略 if 的条件从句
当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可 省略if ，而把它们放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,… If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.
第4页/共74页
二、虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，
表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况( 以 do 为例)：
第5页/共74页
表示与事实 条件从句的谓语 主句的谓语形式 情况相反 形式
与现在事实 过去式(did)
相反
(be常用 were)
Would / could / might / should + 动词原形(do)
第2页/共74页
Unit7-8 TGheraSmubmjuanrctive Mood
第3页/共74页
一、虚拟语气的概念
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式， 一种是用来表示说话人所说的话 不是一个事实，而是一种假设、 猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让 步状语从句中)；另一种是表示说 话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议 等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位 语从句)。
4. He wished he ____________(do)it.
wash
5. He ordered that the students _________ (wash) the clothes every week by themselves.
第36页/共74页
2、记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意 思，要用不同的语气
第33页/共74页
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
第34页/共74页
wish 接宾语从句有三种情况：
+ did(与现在事实相反)
wish + had done(与过去事实相反)
+would /could/ might +do (将来不大可能实现的愿望 )
第35页/共74页
3. If you _h_a_d__as_k_e_d_him yesterday, you __w_o_u_ld__kn_o_w__what to do now. 如果昨天你问他的话，他现在就知道 该怎么做了.
第25页/共74页
四. 含蓄条件句
一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), 等表示含蓄的 条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气（与过去 事实相反的情况）
Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟 形式，即 should + do;
Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用 陈述语气，表示事实。
Suggest 表示“建议”时，用should +do形式。
Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用 陈述语气。
第37页/共74页
The teacher suggested that we __(s_h_ou_l_d_) _cl_e_an___the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
they, we )+had could/might +
+过去分词
have+过去分词
例：
If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him.
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。
第8页/共74页
If I __h_a_d__h_a_d__(have)time last night, I _w_o_u_l_d_h__a_v_e_g_o_n_e__(go) to see the
film with you .
第9页/共74页
If he had driven (drive) more carefully, he would not have had (have) the car
If you__w_e_r_e_t_o_s_u_c_ce_e_d_____, everything __w__o_u_ld__b_e_____all right.
第20页/共74页
If he_____g_o_t (get )up early tomorrow,
he __w_o_ul_d_be__(be) on time.
第29页/共74页
Wish
In Subjunctive mood
第30页/共74页
I wish I were as tall as you.
第31页/共74页
I wish I were a bird.
第32页/共74页
I wish / wished I hadn’t eaten so much watermelon.
He insisted that all of us__s_ho_u_l_d_b_e___ there on time by any means. 他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去 那儿。 He insisted that he __w_a_s___right.
第38页/共74页
虚拟语气在 在主语从句中
第7页/共74页
1.如果他们以前努力学习的话， 那天做得就会容易些。
If they had studied hard , they could have done it easily that day. 2.如果他不听取我的建议，
他就不会干得这样好。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn’t have done it much better like this.
第19页/共74页
如果你成功了，一切都会好起来。
If you_s_uc_c_ee_d_ed_, everything_w_o_u_ld_b_e all right.
If you __s_h_o_u_ld__su_c_c_ee_d__， everything__w_o_u_l_d_b_e___ all right.
相反
they, we )+动词 could/might+动
过去式
词原形
例： If I were a teacher, I would be kind to my students.
If I had HIV, I would know because I would
feel sick.
第12页/共74页
与过去事实 过去完成式(had 上面4个情态动词
相反
+done
+have done
与将来事实 ①过去式 (did)
相反
②should 个情态动词 + do
第6页/共74页
条件从句
条件从句的谓语形 主语的谓语形式 式
与过去相反
If I (you, he/she, should/would/
Should he fail in the experiment…
第22页/共74页
三、错综时间的条件句
即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同, 此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式 如：
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在 干的就会容易些。
1.Without your help, we would not have made such rapid pr第o26g页r/共e7s4页s.
2. But for my brother's help, I _w_o_u_ld_n_o_t_h_av_e_f_in_i_sh_e_d (finish) it on time. 3. I had to do sth. more important, otherwise I__m_i_gh_t_h_av_e_h_el_pe_d__ (help).
accident yesterday.
第10页/共74页
had learnt
If I
(learn) how to swim,
I would not have been trapped (trap) in this island.
第11页/共74页
条件从句
条件从句的谓语 主语的谓语形式 形式
与现在事实 If I (you, he/she, should/would/
第23页/共74页
If the staff careful,
had bmeeonre
the mall would not be on fire now.
第24页/共74页
2. If he __ha_d__n_ot__ta_k_e_n_my advice, he w_o_u_ld_n_’__t_d_o_it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干 得这样好。