心内科考博英语词汇

心内科考博英语词汇
Essential Medical Vocabulary for Cardiovascular Research and Doctoral-Level Studies.
1. Cardiology Basics.
Cardiology: The branch of medicine dealing with the structure, function, diseases, and treatment of the heart and blood vessels.
Cardiovascular System: The system in the body that circulates blood, composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood itself.
Myocardium: The muscular tissue of the heart wall.
Endocardium: The innermost lining of the heart chambers and blood vessels.
Pericardium: The sac-like structure that surrounds the
heart.
2. Anatomical Terms.
Atria: The upper chambers of the heart that receive blood.
Ventricles: The lower chambers of the heart that pump blood.
Septum: The wall that separates the atria and ventricles.
Aortic Valve: The valve that controls the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta.
Mitral Valve: The valve between the left atrium and ventricle.
3. Pathological Conditions.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Narrowing or blockage
of the coronary arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis.
Myocardial Infarction (MI): Death of heart muscle
tissue due to lack of blood supply, commonly known as a
heart attack.
Cardiac Arrhythmia: Abnormal heart rhythm, caused by electrical conduction issues within the heart.
Heart Failure: A condition where the heart is unable
to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
4. Diagnostic Procedures.
Echocardiography: Ultrasound imaging of the heart to assess structure and function.
Cardiac Catheterization: Procedure to inject dye into the heart's blood vessels to visualize them on X-ray.
Electrocardiogram (ECG): A test that records the electrical activity of the heart.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Imaging technique that produces detailed pictures of the heart.
5. Therapeutic Interventions.
Angioplasty: Procedure to widen narrowed arteries using a balloon or stent.
Coronary Bypass Graft: Surgical procedure to redirect blood flow around a blocked coronary artery.
Antiarrhythmics: Drugs used to regulate heart rhythm.
Heart Transplant: Surgical procedure to replace a failing heart with a donor heart.
6. Cardiovascular Pharmacology.
Beta-Blockers: Drugs that slow the heart rate and lower blood pressure.
ACE Inhibitors: Drugs that relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
Statins: Drugs used to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.
Anticoagulants: Drugs that prevent blood from clotting, reducing the risk of stroke or heart attack.
7. Cardiovascular Epidemiology.
Risk Factors: Variables that increase the likelihood
of developing cardiovascular disease, such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.
Primary Prevention: Measures taken to prevent the development of cardiovascular disease in individuals at risk.
Secondary Prevention: Measures taken to prevent recurrent cardiovascular events in individuals who have already had a cardiovascular event.
8. Cardiovascular Research.
Genetic Studies: Investigations into the role of genetics in cardiovascular disease.
Clinical Trials: Research studies that evaluate the safety and effectiveness of new drugs, devices, or treatment strategies in humans.
Outcomes Research: Studies that assess the long-term effects of cardiovascular disease and its treatment on patients' lives.
Translational Research: The process of applying findings from basic science research to clinical practice.
This vocabulary covers a broad range of essential terms and concepts related to cardiovascular research and doctoral-level studies in the field of cardiology. However, it is important to note that this is a general overview,
and specific subtopics within cardiology may require additional specialized vocabulary.。