2018考研英语十二大基础语法体系之非谓语动词_毙考题

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江苏省2018年中考英语语法专题练习12非谓语动词含参考答案

江苏省2018年中考英语语法专题练习12非谓语动词含参考答案《非谓语动词》1.掌握动词不是式的甩法;2.掌握动名词的用法。

( )1. 一Jack, why have you decided Chinese folk music as a course?一To learn more about Chinese culture.A. takeB. takenC. takingD. to take( )2. 一Was it necessary John some photos before helping the oldman?一I think so. In this way, he could protect himself later.A. of; takingB. for; takingC. of; to takeD. for; to take( )3. Diana used to to work, but now she is used to because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit.A. drive; walkingB. drive; walkC. driving; walkD. driving; walking( )4. The girl students are discussing the walls in the classroom.A. what to paint colorB. to paint what colorC. which color to paintD. to paint which color( )5. Mom does all the housework so that Sarah can take the time her words on paper.A. putB. puttingC. to putD. puts( )6. 一Why doesn't the surgeon stop lunch?一Because he is too busy a dying patient in the operation room.A. to have; to saveB. having; to saveC. to have; savingD. having; saving( )7. Xu Yuanchong, a 96-year-old man, devotes most of his lifetime to works of literature.A. translateB. translatesC. translatingD. translated( )8. I saw Tom his key in the lock, turn it and open the door.A. putB. puttingC. putsD. to put( )9. A nurse Carolyn will look after the baby when his mother away.A. naming; isB.naming; will beC. named; isD. named; will be( )10. We'll do what we can the sick man.A. to helpB. helpC. helpsD. helped( )11. 一Do you prefer basketball with me?一No, I'd rather at home and watch TV.A. play; stayB. to play; to stayC. play; to stayD. to play; stay( )12. 一I didn't hear you come in just now.一That's good. I tried the baby up.A. to wakeB. not to wakeC. waking( )13. 一Mario, your mobile phone is ringing.一Wait a minute. It's dangerous for us it while crossing the street.A. answeringB. to answerC. answerD. answered( )14. We only planned the play for an hour, but in the end, we stayed for three hours.A. watchB. watchesC. to watchD. watched( )15. is the best way to keep a good relationship with your parents, teachers and other people around you.A. Active communicatingB. Actively communicatingC. Actively communicationD. Active communicate( )16. Though he often made his little sister ，today he was made byher.A. cry; to cryB. cried; cryingC. to cry; cry( )17. As a volunteer, the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital them up.A. to cheerB. cheerC. cheeringD. cheered( )18. Doctors in the town are using the books their studies and treat patients.A. continueB. to continueC. continuingD. continues( )19. 一Would you mind the electric fan, Alice?一Of rnurse not. It is so hot here.A. turn offB. turn onC. turning offD. turning on( )20. Our teacher often tells us time.A. not wasteB. don't wasteC. not to wasteD. doesn't waste( )21. 一Why did his father buy that phone watch for him?一Because the GPS in the watch can help him to avoid the way.A. to loseB. loseC. losesD. losing( )22. Jane is my new pen pal. I often look forward to her e-mail.A. receiveB. receivesC. receivingD.received( )23. 一Jack hasn't taken his piano lessons for a long time.一He is considering his piano course and spending more time on his study.A. to dropB. to throwC. droppingD. throwing( )24. 一Jack, remember off the lights when the home.一OK, I won't forget, Mom.A. turning; leavingB. to turn; leaveC. turning; leftD. to turn; leaving( )25. To keep children away from danger, we warn parents children at home alone.A leave B. to leaveC. not leaveD. not to leave( )26. 一You'd better advise him anything out of the window while driving.一I will. He has to know it's dangerous.A. not throwingB. no throwingC. not to throwD. don't throw( )27. The child is crying. Please do something to make him .A. stop to cryB. stop cryingC. to stop crying( ) 28. Dick in America, but he has been Chinese food since he moved to China.A. used to live; used to eatingB. is used to live; used to eatC. is used to live; used to eatingD. used to living; used to eat( )29. The Monkey King can make 72 changes to his shape and size, himself into different animals and objects.A. turnedB. to turnC. turningD. turn ( )30. 一Why did you buy so many flowers?一 my wife. I did something wrong yesterday. She is still angry with me.A. PleaseB. To pleaseC. PleasingD. Be pleased( )31. It's time for me goodbye to my mother school. I will never forget all my love.A. to say; teachers'B. saying; teachers'C. to say; teacher's( )32. 一I saw Jim into that new building just now,一Oh, it's our new library. It to the public for a week.A. walk; has openedB. walk; has been openC. walking; has opened( )33. 一How does your brother go to school?一He ride a bike, but now he there to keep fit.A. used to; is used to walkB. used to; is used to walkingC. was used to; is used to walkingD. was used to; is used to walk( )34. 一Bob, I'm not good at English. What should I do?一Why not an English club to practice English?A. to join; speakingB. join; to speakC. to join; to speakD. join; speaking答案1-10 DDACCCCACA 11-20 DBBCBAABDC 21-30 DCCDDCBACB31-34 ABBD。

考研英语语法之非谓语动词

非谓语动词非谓语动词是指那些在剧中不能单独充当句子位于成分的动词形式。

基本形式有四种：不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）、分词（participle）、和独立主格结构（absolute structure）。

一、不定式动词不定式是非谓语动词中使用最广泛的一种，在句子中，它除了做谓语外，可以担当其他任何成分，可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。

它在句中其名词、形容词举例：It isn’t cold enough for there to be a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.He seems to be eating something.According to your market report, demand seems to be returning.The local health organization is reported to have been set up twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audio became its first president.不定式的语法功能：1) 作主语The traditional rule was that it’s safer (to stay where you are), but that’s been f undamentally inverted. The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.2) 作宾语Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events.He feels it his duty to help others.3) 作表语But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.4) 作定语Tom made the decision to go around the world in three years all alone.She has the ambition to learn other languages.The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under aconstant emotional strain.5) 作状语A sad thing about life is when you meet someone and fall in love, only to find out in the end that you have wasted years on someone who wasn’t worth it.6) 作补语The man was seen to fall heavily to the ground and never get up again.注：使役动词如make、let、have等以及感官动词hear、see、feel、watch、notice等之后所加的不定式要省略to，但是在被动语态中不可省略。

2018年中考英语试题分类汇编：专题1、单项选择精讲12 非谓语动词

42. (2018·广东省)After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it importanta peaceful world.A. buildB. not buildC. to buildD. not to build42. C考查非谓语动词。

句意：经过数年长时间的战争，许多的叙利亚人失去家园。

我认为建立一个和平的世界非常重要。

本题中，it为形式宾语，不定式to build…作真正的宾语。

故选C。

37.（2018·海南中考）The policeman warned the man______ after drinking.A. not to driveB. to driveC. driving37. A【解析】考查固定搭配。

warn sb. （not）to do sth.“警告某人（不要）做某事”。

根据常识酒后不能驾驶，所以此处应该是warn sb. not to do sth. 结构。

故选A。

33.（2018•贵州黔南)Parents should always tell their kids ________ with strangers.A. not to talkB. not talkingC. to not talkD. not talk33. A【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。

句意：父母应该经常告诉孩子们不要和陌生人谈话。

t ell sb. not to do告诉某人不做某事，故选A.25.（2018•贵州黔南)Please stop________ and go out for a walk. Remember ________ warm clothes.A. to study; wearingB. studying; to wearC. to study; to wearD. studying; wearing25. B【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。

非谓语动词2018高考真题精析精练

非谓语动词2018高考真题精析精练2018-7-16Designed and Proofread by Geoffrey Wu非谓语动词，顾名思义，就是不能直接在句中作谓语，必须和be动词、助动词等连用，方能构成谓语。

如：I am doing my homework now. 非谓语动词独立使用时，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分。

如：To make this cake (目的状语), you'll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.非谓语动词在高考单项填空、语法填空和短文改错等题型中，得到了充分的重视，既是重点，又是难点。

下面就结合近几年高考真题，进行剖析。

一、非谓语动词2018高考真题考点一览表（表1, 2）表2 非谓语动词2018高考真题考查的句法功能综上所述，非谓语的考查主要集中在一般式，句法功能主要考查状语、宾语、表语、补语和主语等。

因此，掌握非谓语动词的意义，各种形式和解题方法显得非常重要。

二、非谓语动词意义（关键词）1. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just to have a look at the sports stars.2. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.3. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, running away.4. Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.5. Surprised and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.6. falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子V S fallen leaves 落叶（着地了）boiling water 正在沸腾的水VS boiled water 开水（已沸腾过）三、非谓语动词的逻辑主语（解题关键）：(1) 一般说来，句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。

考研英语语法讲解非谓语动词

考研英语语法讲解非谓语动词考研英语语法讲解非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。

非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。

非谓语是考研英语中的常考点，娴熟地掌握它的用法对于我们来说有着重要的意义。

考研英语教研组的'专家们主要从以下几个方面来对它进行介绍：一、有的固定动词后面既可以接动词不定式或动名词，充当宾语的成分，但其表达的意思非常的不同。

mean to do想要(做某事) propose to do 打算(做某事)mean doing意味(做某事) propose doing建议(做某事)forget to do忘记(要做的事) remember to do记得(要做某事) forget doing忘记(已做的事) remember doing记得(已做过的事) go on to do继而(做另一件事) stop to do停下来去做另一件事go on doing继续(做原来的事) stop doing停止正在做的事比如：I remember to deal with this urgent issue tomorrow.I remember sending you a postcard last Christmas.二、不定式的习惯用法，即他们之间形成一个固定的搭配。

这样有两种大的情形：1,cannot help but do cannot but docannot choose but do can do nothing but dohave no choice/alternative but to do上述句型的意思接近，即“不得不做”、“不禁做”、“不由自主地做”、“不能不做”、“只能做”。

其共同的特点是都有一个否定词和but。

比如：I have no choice but to abide by what you have told me.2,be busy/active doing sth. have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.It’s no good/use/picnic doing sth. have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.spend/waste time doing sth. There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.cannot help doing sth.比如：I can not help crying at the sight of the touching movie,There is no point in talking about non-sense like that,I have difficulty in passing the exam without your great help.对于以上非谓语的用法，很多都是固定的搭配，提议广大考生在复习的时候，把它们背诵下来，滚瓜烂熟，脱口而出，对于考研肯定有很大的帮助，特别是以上短语在考研写作中有时真的是画龙点睛，给人眼前一亮的感觉。

2018时代高考英语语法非谓语动词

非谓语动词AH非谓语动词属于英语语法的三座大山之一无论在考试中还是平时的英语阅读中所起的作用都举足轻重一、非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。

二、非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。

其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。

具体如下：1.不定式①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行）④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成）⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成）⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行）例如：The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 老师让我们做早操。

The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。

She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时，她假装正在读书。

The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。

The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。

She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。

2.动名词①基本形式：doing （表示主动）②被动式：being done（表示被动）③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）例如：Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。

2018年高考英语真题专练：语法知识真题十二个专题附解析答案128页

2018年高考英语真题专练：语法知识真题十二个专题附解析答案128页语法知识真题专练目录专题一：动词的时态语态和主谓一致专题二：非谓语动词专题三：介词介词短语和动词短语专题四：冠词专题五：名词专题六：代词专题七：形容词合副词专题八：特殊句式专题九：定语从句专题十：名次从句专题十一：并列连词和状语从句专题十二：情态动词和虚拟语气专题一动词的时态语态和主谓一致2017年题组1 一般时1.［2017·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］Fast food ____ (be) full of fat and salt...2.［2017·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］Later, engineers ____ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.3.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ) ］But at the moment, school ____ (come) first.4.［2017·浙江］Pahlsson and her husband ____(search) the kitchen, checking every corner,but turned up nothing.5.［2017·北京］People ____ (have) better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result.6.［2017·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）改错］Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, but once I startedthe car, my mind goes blank.7.［2017·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）改错］When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!8.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］About one month after this photo was taken,I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.题组2 进行时1.［2017·天津］I____ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found thatI was on the wrong road.题组3 完成时1.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.题组6 被动语态1.［2017·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］When fat and salt ____ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.2.［2017·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］Steam engines ____ (use) to pull the carriages...3.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］Sarah ____ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.4.［2017·北京］In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ____ (invent) yet.5.［2017·江苏］He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he____ (follow).6.［2017·天津］Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ____ (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.7.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］About one month after thisphoto was took,I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.题组7 主谓一致1.［2017·江苏］The publication of Great Expectations, which ____ (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’status as a leading novelist.题组1 一般时2012——2016年1.［2016?乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］So it was a great honour...I ____ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.2.［2015?新课标全国Ⅰ］It was raining lightly when I ____ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.3.［2015?江苏］The real reason why prices ____ (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this。

2018年中考英语真题非谓语动词汇编

2018年中考英语真题非谓语动词汇编1.Harry invited me_______ with him when his parents were out of town.(2018 天津)A. stayB. stavedC. stayingD. to stay2.It was raining. My father asked me a raincoat.(2018 重庆A卷)A.takeB. takesC. tookD. to take3.Some people enjoy ____ out their messages in bottles when they travel on the sea.(2018 南京)A. to sendB. sendC. sendingD. sent4.—I’m considering ______broad for further study, but I haven’t decided yet.(2018 哈尔滨)—You’d better ask your English teacher for some advice.A. goingB. to goC. go5.I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport.(2018 成都)A. to pick upB. picking upC. picked up6.Every morning. Tim often sees some groups of middle-aged women_______in thesquare.(2018 兰州)A. danceB. to danceC. dancesD. danced7.Bob's father can't stand____________ soap operas. He enjoys sports games on TV.(2018 兰州)A. watchB. to watchC. watchingD. watched8.The government will take action to _______ the problem of heavy extracurricular burdens(课外负担) on primary and middle school students.(2018 昆明)A. decidingB. decideC. solvingD. solve9.Our parents won't allow us _____ in the river alone.(2018 云南)A.swimB. to swimC. swimmingD. swam10.My two cousins decide _______a business together.(2018 甘肃)A. to startB. startingC. startD. started11.The policeman warned the man after drinking.(2018 海南)A. not to driveB. to driveC. driving12.—Let’s _____________ to the movies!(2018 新疆)—I’m sorry. I must _____________ my homework first.A. going; doB. go; doingC. go; doD. going; doing13.As we all know, a person learns many things by making mistakes and_____ them.(2018 包头)A. correctsB. correctC. to correctD. correcting14.I didn’t see you ______ in. You must have been very quiet.(2018 山东临沂)A. comesB. to comeC. comeD. have come15.—Julia,your mobile phone is ringing. (2018.四川乐山)—Wait a minute.It’s dangerous______it while crossing the street.A.answeringB.answerC.to answer16.—I’d love to go hiking with you,but I have much homework______.—If you don’t go,_____.(2018 四川达州)A.to do:so do IB.to do;nor will IC.doing;so will ID.do;neither am I17.—Jack,remember______off the lights when_______your bedroom.(2018 四川达州)—OK,I won’t forget,Mom.A.turning;leavingB.to turn;leaveC.turning;leftD.to turn;leaving18.—Mom,can I play computer games this evening?(2018 四川凉山)—_________your homework first,and then we'll talk about it.A.FinishingB.FinishC.To finishD.Finished19.—Can you go to the movies with me tonight?(2018.新疆乌鲁木齐)—I have to ask my mum.If I__________,I will go with you.A.allowB.allowedC.am allowedD.was allowed20.John told his little daughter the earth_____from the west to the east.(2018 乌鲁木齐)A.movedB.movingC.movesD.move21.Mr.Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided____his own restaurant. (2018 上海)A.openB. openedC. to openD.opening22.Sue practices_____the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances. (2018 上海)A. playB. playedC. to playD. playing23.During the Spring Festival,the young______ a kowtow (磕头) to the elders, but nowthey only give them best wishes. (2018 山东菏泽)ed to giveB.were used to give C were used to giving24.At least300million people are using QQ_________by Ma Huateng to chat on line.(2018山东潍坊)A.createB.createsC.creatingD.created25.—Where's your brother now,Bob?(2018四川成都)—I saw him_______in the street a moment ago and I told him_________.A.playing;don't do soB.playing;not to soC.play;to do so26.The woman made his son_____finally after she told him some jokes. (2018 吉林通化)ughedB.to laughughughing27.Father often tells me--too much time on computer games. (2018河南)A.don't spendB.not spendC.not to spendD.not spending28.—How would your family like to travel?(2018 湖北黄冈)—It's a problem in my family. My mother prefers to take a bus to travel, while father always sticks______to travel.A.to driveB.to drivingC.drivingD.drive29.The teachers often tell their pubils_______aeross the road when the traffic light is red.(2018 山东聊城)A.not goB.not to goC.don't goD.didn't go30.Don't forget_________an umbrella_______you.It's going to rain.(2018 陕西)A.to take;toB.taking;toC.to take;withD.taking;with31.English is very important,so I practice________it very hard.(2018 广西梧州)A.speaksB.to speakC.speakingD.speak32.Most of the young people enjoy______Jay Chou's songs.(2018 山东莱芜)A.singB.sangC.singingD.to sing33.As teenagers,we're old enough__________with housework.We can help set the table,wash the dishes and clean our own rooms.(2018 哈尔滨)A.to helpB.helpingC.helped34.—Hi,Steve!Our teachers told us________an electric bike.It's too dangerous.—I'm sorry.Iwon't do it again.(2018 福建福州)A.to rideB.not rideC.not to ride35.After several campus (校园) attacks, many schools across the country have already takenaction _______ their campuses ______. (2018 湖北荆门)A.making,safeB.made,safeC.to make,saferD.make,safe36.—What would you like for breakfast?(2018 湖北黄石)—I like hamburgers.But now I'd like________some cakes.A.eatingB.to eatC.to drinkD.drinking。

2018年高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍专题06 非谓语动词(含解析)

专题06 非谓语动词非谓语动词是动词的变体，是为了满足动词作除了谓语之外的其他成分而产生的。

从该意义上来说，非谓语动词是动词的升级版本，弥补了动词的先天不足。

在语法填空和短文改错题中，这是必考考点之一，非常重要。

根据非谓语动词类别及功能，在单项填空题中以考查非谓语动词作状语和定语为主，作主语和表语也是考查重点之一。

2017年高考在单项填空题中会继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，而且分词作状语和定语仍是考查的重点，对于不定式考查热度仍然不减，尤其是不定式作状语和定语的用法。

热点题型一非谓语动词作状语例1、[2017·天津卷] The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated.A．being allowed B．allowingC．having allowed D．allowed【提分秘籍】1．不定式作状语表示结果、目的(可与so as to/in order to替换，但是so as to不可置于句首)或原因(表示原因只用在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等表语形容词后)。

2．分词作状语：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。

现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。

过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。

现在分词作结果状语时表示自然而然的结果;不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only。

3．部分过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动，也不表完成，而表示一种状态。

常见的有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着的)，lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦的)，facedwith(面对着)。

2018年硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及问题详解

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试真题英语二Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B , C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance —but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.1. A. ignore B. protect C. discuss D. resolve2. A. refuse B. seek C. wait D. regret3. A. rise B. last C. hurt D. mislead4. A. alert B. expose C. tie D. treat5. A. trial B. message C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. deliver C. weaken D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. When D. Though8. A. change B. continue C. disappear D. happen9. A. such as B. rather than C. regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. discover D. forget11. A. pay B. food C. marriage D. schooling12. A. begin with B. rest on C. lead to D. learn from13. A. inquiry B. withdrawal C. persistence D. diligence14. A. self-deceptive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-destructive15. A. trace B. define C. replace D. resist16. A. conceal B. overlook C. design D. predict17. A. choose B. remember C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. outcome C. plan D. duty19. A. how B. why C. where D. whether20. A. limitations B. investments C. consequences D. strategiesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skillmanufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A. academic trainingB. practical abilityC. pioneering spiritD. mechanical memorization22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A. have a stereotyped mindB. have no career motivationC. are financially disadvantagedD. are not academically successful23. we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.A. used to have more job opportunitiesB. used to have big financial concernsC. are entitled to more educational privilegesD. are reluctant to work in manufacturing24. The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all.A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A. tolerantB. cautiousC. supportiveD. disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated inthe US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation —and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“ plummeting ”(Line 3，Para.2)is closest in meaning to.A. stabilizingB. changingC. fallingD. rising27. According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa.A. wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the What’s App messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our in boxes. It doesn’t feel likea human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A. digital productsB. user informationC. physical assetsD. quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law.A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A. they are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generally digitalD. the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants’ customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world, recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deeps cheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“ At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused andunfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A. keep to your focus timeB. list your immediate tasksC. make specific daily plansD. seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A. distractions may actually increase efficiencyB. daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD. detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A. can result in psychological well-beingB. can bring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A. ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB. approaches to getting more done in less timeC. the key to eliminating distractionsD. the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. Just say itB. Be presentC. Pay a unique complimentD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the “me too”sF. Skip the small talkG. Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.____________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. It feels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”, “Hey” or “Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.42.____________It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi”, “hello”, “how are you?” and “what’s going on?” you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.____________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in theirwellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,” Gates says.Section Ⅳ WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1) Apologize and explain the situation, and2) Suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.(10 points)Part B48. Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing you should1) Interpret the chart and2) Give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)其他 4.7%价格 8.4%特色 36.3%环境 23.8%服务26.8%2017年某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素一、完形填空：1. A. resolveresolve 解决 protect 保护 discuss 讨论 ignore忽视联系上下文“the need to know”，显然是人类有解决未知(resolve uncertainty)的内在需要。

2019考研英语语法解析：非谓语动词(1)-毙考题

2019考研英语语法解析：非谓语动词(1)-毙考题beg请求fail不能plan计划bother扰乱;烦恼forget忘记prefer喜欢，宁愿care关心，喜欢happen碰巧prepare准备decide决定learn学习regret抱歉，遗憾choose选择hesitate犹豫profess表明claim要求hope希望promise承诺，允许start开始undertake承接want想要consent同意，赞同intend想要refuse拒绝decide决定learn学习vow起contrive设法，图谋incline有倾向propose 提议seek找，寻觅try试图2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式ask要求，邀请get请，得到prompt促使allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢，宁愿announce宣布force强迫press迫使bride 收买inspire鼓舞request请求assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定，表示advise劝告exhort告诫，勉励pray请求authorize授权，委托help帮助recommend 劝告，推荐bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒beg请求induce引诱report报告compel强迫invite吸引，邀请，summon传唤command命令intend想要，企图show 显示drive驱赶mean意欲，打算train训练cause引起instruct指示require要求deserve应受leave使，让tell告诉direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱entitle有资格order命令warn告诫enable使能够need需要urge激励，力说encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要condemn指责，谴责lead引起，使得teach 教entreat恳求permit允许wish希望(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语acknowledge承认，自认cease 停止mention 说到，讲到admit 承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢，讨厌advocate：提倡，主张complete完成dread 可怕appreciate 感激，欣赏confess坦白endure 忍受avoid避免contemplate细想enjoy享有，喜爱bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒can t help不禁delay延迟escape逃跑，逃避can t stand受不了deny否认excuse借口consider 考虑detest嫌恶fancy幻想，爱好favor 造成，偏爱mind 介意repent悔悟figure描绘，计算miss错过resent怨恨finish完成，结束不得pardon原谅，饶恕resist抵抗，阻止forgive原谅permit 允许resume恢复imagine设想postpone延迟，延期risk冒险involve卷入，包含practice 实行，实践suggest建议hate讨厌prevent阻止save营救，储蓄keep保持quit放弃停止stand坚持，忍受loathe非常讨厌，厌恶recall回想例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。

2018高考英语非谓语动词(全国通用)

既能接不定式，又能接动词-ing形式，但意思不同的动词或短语：
remember to do记着要去做某事 forget to do忘记要做某事
remember doing记得做过某事 forget doing忘记做过了某事
mean to do打算要做某事
try to do尽力去做某事
mean doing意味着做某事
1.能作主语的非谓语动词有to do和doing。二者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时，多用to do；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用doing。doing作主语时通常位于句首；to do作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。
(1)Smoking is prohibited(禁止) here. 我们这儿禁止抽烟。 (2)It is not very good for you to smoke so much. 抽太多烟对你不好。 (3)To make a plan first is a good idea.＝It is a good idea to make a plan first. 首先制定好计划是个好主意。 (4)It takes three hours to walk there. 从这儿步行到那儿花费三个钟头。
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3.有些动词后既可以跟to do 又可以跟doing作宾语，意义上无多大区别。如begin/start(开始)；continue(继续)；love(喜欢)等。如： I like swimming very much, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon. 我非常喜欢游泳；但是今天下午我不想去游泳。
知识点四非谓语动词ng，done，用哪种非谓语动词形式往往取决于前面动词的句型和不同的非谓语动词所表示的意义。

专题12 非谓语动词(解析版).doc

专题12 非谓语动词☞考点解读通过分析近几年中考试题可以看出,非谓语动词是各地中考常设考点,主要涉及单项选择、完形填空、动词填空与语篇型词汇运用等题型,考查点多样,常涉及非谓语动词三大形式句法效用的考查,具体考点如下：1. 非谓语动词的基本概念以及与谓语动词辨析；2. 动词不定式的基本组成及常见句法效用；3. 含不定式的常见句型或特殊用法；4. 动名词的组成及常见句法效用；5. 现在分词与过去分词的组成及常见句法效用；6. 易混句型或结构辨析运用。

☞考向突破充当句子谓语的动词称为谓语动词,主要涉及各种时态、语态的结构。

根据谓语动词不冲突的原则,一个句子中只能出现一处谓语动词。

在句中,不作谓语的动词称为非谓语动词。

非谓语动词形式固定,包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）三种形式。

非谓语动词不能充当句子的谓语,不受主语人称和数的限制。

1. 不定式的句法效用动词不定式的基本形式：(to) + do, 具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分。

其否定形式为：not + (to) do。

(1) 不定式作主语动词不定式可充当句子主语,谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：To travel around China is my dream. 环游中国是我的梦想。

动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后。

例如：It is difficult for a student to answer such a question. 学生很难回答这样的问题。

【经典例题1】(2019四川凉山)—Is it necessary ____________ us ___________ some photos before saving the old man?—Yes, it is. We can protect ourselves if we do so.A. of; takingB. for; takingC. of; to takeD. for; to take【参考答案】D【解析】句意：——对于我们来说,在救老人之前拍照是必要吗？——有必要,如果我们这样做,我们就能保护我们自己。

2018年初中中考真题试卷分类汇编精讲12非谓语动词

(2018 ·江淮安）15. He explained again and again in order to make what he did________.A. understandB. understoodC. to understandD. understanding考非。

句意：他屡次解，的是人理解他的所作所。

make 后跟去分作足，意“使⋯⋯被⋯⋯”，部分what he did 和去分存在被关系。

故B。

35. (2018.州仁)—Listen!Who is singing in the next room—— It must be Sally.I often hear her ________ there.A. singingB. singsC. to singD. sing考非。

句意：——听，水正在近邻唱歌——必然是利。

我常听她在哪里唱歌。

hear sb. do sth.听某人做某事，常做或是做某事的程；hear sb. doing sth. 听某人正在做某事，作正在生，故D。

39.（2018·广西柳州） Look. Sam is doing some _____ in the library. A. toread【解析】考。

句意：看，,Sam 正在。

考短do some reading。

故 B。

27.（2018·新疆阜康米泉）—Do you still remember _______ this group of friends in 2013—Yes. But I forget where I _______them.A. seeing；meetB. to see；metC. seeing；metD. seeing；meeting27. C考非和从句。

句意：—你得在2013 年群朋友—得。

但是我忘了在哪里遇他。

remember doing sth得做某事；remember to do sth得去做某事。

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2018考研英语十二大基础语法体系之非谓语动词
语法基础贯穿英语的各个题型，基础复习阶段，词汇和语法都是基础和重点。

小编带大家一起来梳梳理十二大基础语法体系，下面是非谓语动词语法知识点，大家注意学习和应用。

十二大基础语法体系之非谓语动词
1、我喜欢做饭。

I like cooking.
本句中，like (喜欢)是谓语。

cooking (做饭)是宾语，用动名词形式。

又如：He likes cooking.
在英语中。

谓语动词经常随着主语的人称、数而变化，但动名词作宾语时是不变的。

2、对我来说，学英语不容易。

It\ s not easy for me to learn English.
3、从太空看，地球是个蓝色的球体。

Seen from the space, the earth is a blue sphere.
请比较这些句子的中英文。

在这几个汉语句子中，做饭、学英语、从太空看分别作句子的宾语、主语和状语，但是其动词形式做、学、看没有变化。

而在这几句英语中，做饭变成了cooking,
学变成了to learn，看变成了seen.
动词形式发生了变化，而且必须发生变化，因为这些句子有另外的谓语动词。

因此这些动词叫做非谓语动词，又叫非限定性动词,他们没有人称和数的变化。

这是英汉动词的巨大差别，也是中国人学英语的一个难点，同时也是在使用英语时容易犯错误的地方。

需要特别注意的是：英语的单句一般只有而且必须有一个主谓结构，即一个谓语，如果单句中出现了另外的动词，这些动词就要改变形式。

以上英语句子中cooking, to learn, seen
等具有动词特征，但是在句子中不能作谓语的动词形式，就叫动词的非谓语形式，也叫非谓语动词。

我们再比较I like cooking. 与He likes
cooking. 这两句话主语不同，谓语动词like形式变了，但意义没有变化。

而cooking 没有任何变化。

再看It is not easy for me
to learn English. 和It is not easy for him to learn English. 对我for me,
对他for him之后的to
learn 没有任何变化。

可以看出，非谓语动词是不随人称和数的变化而变化的，它们不受人称和数的限定，所以又叫非限定动词。

动词在句子中除了充当谓语外，还可以起名词、形容词或副词的作用，在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语和状语。

这就是动词的非谓语形式。

当句子中需要用某种动作作主语、宾语或作某种修饰、说明的成分时，就要使用这种形式。

动词的非谓语形式有三种：
(1)动词不定式：to study (to + 动词原形)
(2)分词：studying (现在分词)、studied (过去分词)
(3)动名词：studying (形式与现在分词相同)
动词非谓语形式仍具有动词的一般特征，可以带有宾语、状语等构成短语。

动词非谓语形式有以下几种形式变化(以write为例)：
形态主动被动动词不定式一般TowriteTobewritten
进行Tobewriting
完成TohavewrittenTohavebeenwritten
完成进行Tohavebeenwriting
现在分词和动名词一般WritingBeingwritten
完成HavingwrittenHavingbeenwritten
一般
written
A、动词不定式
其形式是to+动词原形。

to是不定式符号，无词义。

其否定式是在to前面加上not, never 等否定词。

不定式可以有自己的逻辑主语，由for引出，加在不定式短语前面。

如果不定式的逻辑主语是表示不定式动作的承受者，则不定式用被动语态。

所谓逻辑主语，就是指非谓语动词等动作的执行者。

由于非谓语动词等带有动词的特征，但又不是谓语动词，所以这个动作的执行者就不能称为主语，而在逻辑上又是这个动作的执行者，所以就称为逻辑主语。

如果不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，这个不定式一般要用被动语态。

疑问词(who, whom,whose, what, which,
when, where, why, how还包括whether)等后面加不定式构成不定式短语，可做主语，表语，宾语等。

(一)作主语。

在不定式短语作主语的句子中，往往用it 作形式主语，而不把不定式短语放在句子的后面。

如：
To die like that is a terrible thing.=It is a terrible thing to die like
that.
象那样死去是一件可怕的事。

( it 作形式主语，把真正的主语to die like that放在后面)
To know oneself is difficult.=It’s difficult to know oneself.
有自知之明不容易。

To tell a lie is not always easy.= It’s not always easy to tell a lie.
撒谎并非总是容易。

Never to offend anyone is my principle. 永远不得罪任何人就是我的原则。

It’s against nature to remain single. 保持单身是违反自然的。

To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

For a dog to die like that is a terrible thing. = It is a terrible thing
for a dog to die like that.
一条狗象那样死去是一件可怕的事。

(for a dog是不定式的主语)
For one to know everything is impossible.= It’s impossible for one to know
everything.
一个人什么都知道是不可能的。

For his brother John to go to sea seems natural.= It seems natural for his
brother John to go to sea. 他
兄弟John去当水手是很自然的事。

It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her. 你要是把她忘了，那可太不应该了。

It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation. 我们不接受邀请不合适。

(否定)
It has not yet been decided when and where to discuss her resignation.
何时何地讨论她的辞职还没定。

但是，下列形容词做表语时，不定式的逻辑主语由of 引出：
careless粗心的，clever聪明的，cruel残忍的，foolish愚蠢的，good好的，kind好心的
，naughty淘气的，nice好的，polite礼貌的，right正确的，rude无礼的
，silly愚蠢的，stupid傻的，unwise不明智的，wise明智的，wrong错误的，等等。

为什么这些词要用of 引出不定式呢?
因为这些形容词都是描写人的性格和特点的形容词。

It is + 形容词+of sb. + to do
sth. 这样的句型更强调某人如何如何，可以改写为：Sb. + be + 形容词+ to do sth. 而for sb to do
sth. 这一结构更强调做某事如何如何。

例如：
1、It is difficult for me to learn English. 更强调学英语很难，不能写成I am difficult to
learn English. (这句话含有逻辑错误。

)
2、It is unwise of you to go to the United States at this time. =You are
unwise to go to the United States at this time. 强调你不明智。

It’s very kind of you to come to see us off. =You’re kind to come to see us
off. 你来为我们送行太好了。

It’s unwise of him to drink and smoke so much.=He is unwise to drink and
smoke so much. 他喝这么多酒、抽这么多烟是不明智的。

It’s extremely cruel of John to kill animals. John杀害动物真是残忍之极。

It’s rude/polite of Jack to say this to her. Jack对她说这个，很无礼/礼貌。