高考英语一轮复习语法部分第三讲介词和介词短语课件外研版

(2)表示“在……之后”的after，in
“after＋一段时间”在过去时句子中作时间状语，相当于“一段时 间＋later”；“in＋一段时间”在将来时句子中作时间状语，指离 说话时多长时间以后。
He returned home after a week(a week later)．
They will come to visit us in a week.
He goes to work by car every day.
He goes to work in his car every day.
(2)表示“用……”的by，in，with
by侧重方式、方法，多用于表示无形的工具或手段的名词前；in多 用于表示语言、材料的名词前；with多用于表示有形的工具、表示 身体器官的名词前。
【答案】 of
• 8．(2015·福建卷，32)Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony ________ nature.
• 【解析】 句意：人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分，同样， 我们生存的唯一方式是与大自然和睦相处。in harmony with 与……协调。
【解析】 句意：他们对于他们学生时代的共同记忆是校服。本 句包含一个定语从句“they all have ________ their school days”， 将先行词memory代入定语从句后为：They all have a common memory ________ their school days.由此可见设空处填of。of可用 于说明动作的名词之后，表示动作的对象。
【答案】 in
3．(2015·浙江卷，3)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea?
【解析】 句意：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？be home to为固定搭配，意为“是……的栖息地”。
• 【解析】 句意：那个小学生搀着奶奶的手臂送她过了马路。 take sb.by the arm搀着某人的手臂。此处的by表示“抓着(物 体或身体的某个部位)”。
• 【答案】 by
再见
【答案】 to
4．(2015·重庆卷，10)Last year was the warmest year on record， with global temperature 0.68℃ ________ the average.
【解析】 句意：去年是有史以来最温暖的一年，全球气温超过 了平均气温0.68摄氏度。根据语境可知此处表示“在……之上，高 于”，所以要用介词above。
注意：“after＋时间点”可在将来时态的句子中作时间状语；“in ＋时间段”表示“在……长时间之内”时，可用于完成时或过去 时的句子中。
I will attend a meeting after two o'clock.
In the last 10 years，great changes have taken place in this village.
【答案】 above
5．(2015·江苏卷，34)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but ________ Thomas Edison.
【解析】 句意：要不是托马斯·爱迪生，现在让我们获益的许多 东西都不会存在。根据句意和该句中的虚拟语气可知答案为for。 but for要不是。
【答案】 In
2．(2016·浙江卷，7)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up________influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.
【解析】 句意：这项研究表明我们成长的文化环境影响我们看 待周围世界的基本环节。本句采用定语从句的形式考查介词。 “we grow up________”为定语从句，先行词为the cultures，将先 行词代入定语从句后为：We grow up in the cultures.故设空处填介 词in。
[真题再现]
1．(2016·浙江卷，6)That young man is honest，cooperative， always there when you need his help.______short，he's reliable.
【解析】 句意：那个年轻人诚实且有合作精神，当你需要他帮 忙的时候，他总是在那儿。简言之，他是值得信赖的。in short简 言之。
I haven't heard from him since three years ago.
He has been waiting here since 2 o'clock.
5．其他介词
(1)表示交通方式的by，in，on
“by＋名词”表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词；但是in，on后的 名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰。
【答案】 for
6 ． (2015· 安 徽 卷 ， 33)They believe that there are transport developments ________ the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.
regardless of in detail in general on purpose above all in all after all in terms of in need of in favor of in return in short in place of in search of for fear of in exchange for in addition to in spite of in vain beyond reach beyond description on account of in a way in particular in charge of as a result of
He earned his living by selling newspapers.
Please write the answer in ink.
They are digging with spades. (3)表示“除……外”的except，except for，besides except表示“除……之外(其他的都)”，其后的宾语是被排除在外的， 侧重同类事物的排除；except for后被排除的内容与主语往往不是 同一类的；besides表示“除……之外(其他的也)”，其后的宾语是 被包括在内的。
• 【解析】 句意：这间会议室是无烟区。我想事先提醒你， 如果你在这儿吸烟，就会被罚款。in advance提前，事先。
• 【答案】 in
• 10 ． (2015· 陕 西 卷 ， 12)The little pupil took his grandma ________ the arm and walked her across the street.
• 【答案】 with
• 9．(2015·湖北卷，30)This meeting room is a non smoking area.I would like to warn you ________ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.
(3)表示时间段的for，since ①“for＋时间段”意为“多长时间”，表示动作持续的时间长短， 一般作完成时态或过去时态句子的时间状语。
He has lived in the small village for five years.
I studied in Shandong University for 4 years. ②“since＋时间点”意为“自从……”，作完成时态句子的时间状 语。
第三1】 介词 1．表示方位的at，in，on，to，beside/by和near
2.表示方位的between和among
3.表示方位的across，through，over和past
4.表示时间的介词 (1)表示“在……”的at，in，on ①at表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日。 at 9：00；at noon；at daybreak；at Christmas ②in表示在某个较长的时间内，世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、 下午、傍晚。 in the 21st century；in September：in the morning ③on表示在具体的日子或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上。 on 2nd，September；on the morning of 1st，May
All my friends took part in the party except John.
His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
He has learned German，French besides English.
【解析】 句意：他们相信交通的发展就要到来了，这将会带来 很多更好的变化。around the corner就要到来。
【答案】 around
7．(2015·福建卷，22)A common memory they all have ________ their school days is the school uniform.
【考点2】 介词短语 介词可以和名词、动词、形容词等构成固定搭配。常考的有： at dawn at daybreak in case (of) at table far from free from by the way be fond of be tired of be proud of answer/key to next to be similar to due to thanks to be popular with apart from instead of