中考英语 重难考点解疑(三年真题+两年模拟)第一讲 名词(原卷版 )

第一讲名词
考点分析
名词是中考的常考点也是必考点，主要考查学生是否掌握名词复数的规则变化和不规则变化、可数名词和不可数名词的区分及不可数名词的运用，以及名词所有格的运用、名词词义的辨析等。

高频考点一：名词的单复数变化，主要涉及以下考点：
1. 可数名词复数的判断。

2. 可数名词与不可数名词的判断及变形。

3. 不可数名词的数量表达，用：基数词/冠词＋数量词＋of。

高频考点二名词的所有格，主要涉及以下考点：
1. 有生命的名词及表时间、距离、国家等常用­'s。

2. 无生命的名词一般用：of＋名词。

3. 表两个人共同拥有，用“A and B's”。

4. 表两个人各自拥有，用“A's and B's”。

高频考点三：名词词义的辨析，主要涉及以下考点：
1.语境辨析。

2. 近义词辨析。

3. 固定搭配。

熟记各类常见短语的含义及用法。

高频考点四：名词作定语，主要涉及以下考点：
1. 名词作定语，一般用单数。

2. man和woman作定语，其单复数与被修饰词的单复数保持一致。

3. 复合形容词作定语，结构为：数字＋(连字符即“­”)＋名词单数。

纵观近几年名词的中考考题，试题大多分布在词汇应用、单项选择以及书面表达中，我们只要掌握了试题特点，抓住试题考点，就能给出正确答案，所以在今后的复习中，我们必须紧扣高频考点，进行专项练习。

知识梳理
考点剖析☆聚焦高频
高频考点剖析一名词的数
一、可数名词的复数
1.名词变复数的规则形式
1).一般情况下直接加s如：book------books ，cup-----cups
2).以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es 如：city-------cities ，family-----families
3).以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es如：bus-----buses ，wish------wishes ，watch------watches
4).以o结尾的多数加s初中阶段只有三个单词加es如：tomato-----tomatoes，potato------potatoes ，hero-----heroes
（我们可以用一句话记忆：英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿（tomato）和土豆（potato））
5).以f或fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变成v再加es 如：leaf----leaves，self---selves，shelf----shelves，life----lives，thief---thieves .
（我们可以用一句话记忆：树叶（leaf）半数（half）自己（self）黄，妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）去杀牛（calf）；架（shelf）后窜出一只狼（wolf），就像小偷（thief）逃命（life）忙））2.名词变复数的不规则形式
（1）man----men woman---women child----children foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice
（2）单复同形如：deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese
（我们可以用一句话记忆：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）警察（police）好友（people）来聚会，鹿（deep）、羊（sheep）、鱼（fish）、牛（cattle）齐齐把家回）
（3）与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women. 如：Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen
（我们可以用一句话记忆：男士(man)、女士(woman)a变e;鹅(goose)牙(tooth)脚(foot)双o 双e;孩子们(child)想去天安门，原形后面r、e、n）
二、不可数名词的复数
不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。

他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。

物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。

不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:
（1）同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。

eg. food 食物---foods 各种食物time 时间---times 时代
（2）有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg. hope ---hopes 希望hardship ---hardships 艰苦
（3）物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, …
高频考点剖析二：名词的所有格
1. ’s所有格(主要表示有生命的人或物的名词)
（1）一般情况（包括单数名词和不带词尾s的复数名词）加’s如：the child’s bag 这个孩子
的书包children’s books 儿童用书
（2）带词尾s的复数名词只加省字撇(’)如：girls’ school 女子学校the smiths’ car 史密斯家的小汽车带词尾s的单数，通常仍加’s，如the boss’s new car
（3）带词尾s的人名，可加’s或只加省字撇(’)如：Dickens’ novels 狄更斯的小说Charles’ job 查理斯的工作，不带词尾s，却以[s]结尾，一律加’s,如Marx’s 马克思的著作
（4）用and连接的的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加’s，表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加’s。

如：Tom’s and Jack’s room 汤姆和杰克（各自）的房间。

Tom and Jack’s room 汤姆和杰克（共同）的房间。

【注意】表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，也可以用’s 所有格。

如：
Today’s newspaper 今天的报纸the world’s biggest problem 世界最大的问题
an hour’s walk/ride 走路/开车一小时的路程eight days’ holiday = an eight-day holiday 八天的假期
2.“of ”所有格的构成。

（1）于无生命的东西。

如：a map of the world一张世界地图the CEO of the IBM IBM的首席执行官
（2）用于名词化的词。

如：the livelihood of the poor穷人的生计
（3）修饰语较多时。

如：the very long and graceful tail of the old black cat老黑猫又长又优雅的尾巴
（4）用于代词宾格之前。

如：five of us.我们当中的五个
3. 双重所有格：表某整体的一部分，强调部分与整体的关系。

（1）a/an/数词/any/some/several/no/few/another/all/many + 名词+of + 名词’s。

如：a friend of my father’s
（2）名词+ of + 名词性物主代词。

如：a friend of mine
高频考点三词义辨析
几组常考的名词词义辨析
1、sport、game、match、race 的区别：sport通常指“户外运动”，以锻炼为主，概念较大；game意思是“运动、比赛”，不管户内户外还是脑力体力，指以胜负为主的运动；match意为“竞赛、比赛”，多指正式比赛；race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。

如：People all around the world enjoy sports.（全世界的人都喜爱运动）/ The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.（2008奥运会将在北京举行）（被动句）/ Our school football team won the league match（联赛）。

（我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军）/ They were strong and won the boat race.（汤他们很棒，赢得了划艇比赛）
2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别：festival“节日”，指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动；holiday（假日、休息日），指法定假日或风俗习惯，复数可以表示一个较长的假期；vacation“假期”，指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。

如：The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.（上海电视节将在下个月举行）/ Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.（星期天是个假日，多数人不工作）/ What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays？（在暑期你打算做什么事情？）
3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别：journey指在陆地上（或海上或空中）进行的长途旅行，不知终点，含有辛苦的意思；tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行，强调游览多处，常用来指观光等；trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行，如出差度假等；travel 多指长期或长途的观光旅行，尤其指到国外，没有明确目的地，也作不可数名词，指旅行这一行为。

如：He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.（他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行）/ He has gone on a walking tour.（他步行观光去了）/ He took several trips to Shanghai last year.（去年他去了上海好几次）/ Did you go to Santiago（圣地亚哥）during your travels？（旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗？）/ Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.（在密林里边穿行是很危险的）
4、sound、noise、voice的区别：sound指各种声音；noise主要指“噪音”；voice 指人的“嗓音”。

如：The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.（街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠）/ All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.（突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫）/ The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.（因为感冒的缘故，这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音）
5、fish的问题：指许多条鱼且不管种类时，用fish，单复数相同；fishes 指许多种类的鱼；fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。

如：There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. （池子里有很多种类的鱼）I prefer fish to meat.（与肉相比我更喜欢鱼）
高频考点四：名词作定语
1. 名词作定语，一般用单数。

2. man和woman作定语，其单复数与被修饰词的单复数保持一致。

3. 复合形容词作定语，结构为：数字＋(连字符即“­”)＋名词单数。

三年中考真题
1．（2020·黑龙江大庆·中考真题）Nobody thought it was easy to finish so much wok in ________. A．two days’ time B．two-days time
C．two day’s time D．two days time
2．（2020·西藏·中考真题）The old man gave away much ________ to Wuhan, though he isn’t
rich.
A．money B．moneys C．moneies D．moneyes 3．（2020·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—What would you like to eat, honey?
—__________.
A．Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rices
B．Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rice
C．Chickens with vegetables and two bowls of rice
D．Chickens with vegetable and two bowls of rices
4．（2020·四川内江·中考真题）—Peter, how far is it from your home to school?
—It's only five__________ walk.
A．minute B．minutes C．minute’s D．minutes’5．（2020·广西柳州·中考真题）Look! There are some _____________on the table. A．bananas B．orange C．water
6．（2020·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Mr Liu is a wise man，and he often gives us a few_____．A．suggestions B．advice C．hobbies D．knowledge 7．（2020·湖南邵阳·中考真题）—Can I help you, Madam?
—Yes. I’d like some____________.
A．pears B．banana C．milks
8．（2020·山东青岛·中考真题）—Is this hat ________?
—No, the red one is ________.
A．Lucy's; her B．Lucy; her C．Lucy's; hers D．Lucy; hers 9．（2020·甘肃天水·中考真题）Lily is a friend of ________.
A．Mary’s mother’s B．Mary’s mother’s of
C．Mary mother’s D．mother’s of Mary
10．（2020·贵州黔西·中考真题）How much ________ do we need to make a banana milk shake? A．bananas B．apples C．coffee D．milk 11．（2021·西藏·中考真题）All ________ received fresh flowers on Women’s Day. A．woman teacher B．woman teachers C．women teachers D．women teacher 12．（2021·山东青岛·中考真题）Traditional Chinese Medicine is a great ________ for our nation. A．treasure B．resolution C．pleasure D．standard 13．（2021·内蒙古内蒙古·中考真题）In a conversation between two persons, 65% of ________ is done through body language.
A．information B．pronunciation C．introduction D．communication 14．（2021·青海西宁·中考真题）—What a clean and tidy room!
—Yes. It’s ________ room.
A．Tina and Nina’s B．Tina’s and Nina
C．Tina and Nina D．Tina’s and Nina’s
15．（2021·广西河池·中考真题）—Lisa, could you help me buy some ________ on your way home?
—Ok, mom.
A．egg B．beef C．banana D．potato 16．（2021·四川广元·中考真题）Three fifths of the teachers in our school are ________. A．man teachers B．men teachers C．woman teachers D．women teacher 17．（2021·黑龙江大庆·中考真题）—Can I help you?
—Please give me ________ about the trains to Daqing.
A．a few informations B．a little informations C．a little information D．a few information 18．（2021·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—You have a nice house! Whose room is this?
— It’s ________.
A．Jack and Peter’s B．Jack’s and Peter’s C．Jack’s and Peter D．Jack and Peter 19．（2021·山东东营·中考真题）—I'm sad to hear that Yuan Longping passed away.
—So am I. We lost a hero. His _______ on hybrid（杂交）rice helped Chinese people solve the problem of eating.
A．surveys B．reports C．researches D．achievements 20．（2021·江苏连云港·中考真题）The ________ Lianyungang-Xuzhou High-speed Railway was open to the public this year.
A．180 kilometer long B．180 kilometers long C．180-kilometer-long D．180-kilometers-long 21．（2022·西藏·中考真题）More and more ________ want to learn about Chinese culture. A．Germans B．German C．Germany D．Germans’22．（2022·广西桂林·中考真题）Bill has got two ________.
A．sister B．brothers C．student
23．（2022·湖南益阳·中考真题）Look! There are some ________ eating grass on the hill. A．sheep B．cow C．horse
24．（2022·湖南湘西·中考真题）I’m not hungry at all because I just ate much ________. A．apples B．bananas C．bread
25．（2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题）— Would you like some ________?
— Yes, madam.
A．egg B．juice C．milk teas 26．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）The ________ is China’s national treasure. It’s a kind of cute animal that likes eating bamboo.
A．panda B．tiger C．elephant
27．（2022·甘肃定西·中考真题）The ________ rang and Pat answered it. It was his son calling from New York.
A．telephone B．doorbell C．clock D．bike 28．（2022·重庆·中考真题）This year, the family went camping on ________ Day, June 1st. A．Child B．Child’s C．Children D．Children’s 29．（2022·山东滨州·中考真题）—How did you put together the model plane so perfectly?
—It's easy. I just followed the ________．
A．instructions B．instruments
C．interviews D．inventions
30．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—There will be ________ tomorrow. We can’t eat out.—Well, we have to stay at home.
A．rainy B．rain C．raining
两年模拟演练
31．（2021·黑龙江大庆·二模）—Lucy, do you have any plans to spend your ________ holiday?—Maybe I will go to Shenzhen. I have never visited ________ city.
A．five days’; the most fantastic B．five days; the most fantastic
C．five-day; a more fantastic D．five-days; a more fantastic 32．（2021·江苏徐州·二模）Kelly is not so quick, but she has a good habit of working hard. It is like a hidden ________.
A．promise B．tradition C．treasure D．difference 33．（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·二模）—Is this book ________, Tom?
—No, I don’t have such a book. It belongs to ________.
A．yours; Jane B．his; Jane’s C．your; Jane D．yours; Jane’s 34．（2021·四川成都·模拟预测）Tom has tried every possible way to solve the problem because he doesn’t want to receive ________ help.
A．anybody else’s B．somebody else’s C．other anybody’s 35．（2021·云南红河·二模）—How can Linda say bad words about me? I thought we were good friends.
—Who told you that? Friends need ________.
A．courage B．trust C．pleasure D．success 36．（2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·三模）There are a lot of ________ over there but hardly any
________.
A．sheep; people B．sheeps; people C．sheep; peoples 37．（2021·河北唐山·一模）— Dave, did you have fun at the New Year’s Party?
— Sure. I will never forget each wonderful memory of ________.
A．hers B．his C．theirs D．ours 38．（2021·四川·成都嘉祥外国语学校三模）Look! ________ mother is talking loudly on the phone over there. It’s not so good to do so in public.
A．Jane and Lina’s B．Jane’s and Lina’s C．The twin 39．（2021·湖北·武汉一初慧泉中学模拟预测）—As Laozi’s book says, a thousand-mile journey begins with the first ________.
—Yes, let’s get started now!
A．try B．day C．step D．started 40．（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·二模）—________everyone with kindness even those who are impolite to you. Remember: not because they are worth it, but because you are nice.—Everyone should treat others with ________.
A．To treat; warmly B．Treat; warmth
C．Treating; warm D．Treating; warmly
41．（2022·湖南岳阳·一模）I like this song. It’s by one of my favorite ________.
A．singer B．songs C．singers
42．（2022·重庆一中模拟预测）There are many ________ along the street. You can go into any one you like.
A．shoe store B．shoe stores C．shoes store D．shoes stores 43．（2022·广西柳州·模拟预测）Wang Yaping and Liu Yang are our ________ in China. We are proud of them.
A．woman astronauts B．women astronaut C．women astronauts 44．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）Every year, a number of tourists choose to come to China to see ________.
A．the Terracotta Army B．World Trade Center C．the International Museum of Toilets
45．（2022·黑龙江·齐齐哈尔市铁锋区教师进修学校二模）________ should not be allowed to go out alone at midnight. That’s too dangerous.
A．Twelve years old B．Twelve-year-olds C．Twelve-year-old 46．（2022·贵州毕节·模拟预测）— How ________ is it from here Hefei to Beijing?
— It’s about two ________ flight.
A．long; hour’s B．far; hour’s C．long; hours’D．far; hours’47．（2022·甘肃武威·二模）This room is ________ and they keep it clean all the time. A．Sally and Carol B．Sally’s and Carol’s C．Sally’s and Carol D．Sally and Carol’s 48．（2022·湖北·阳新县富川中学模拟预测）—The landing of China’s rover(登陆车) Zhurong on
Mars is a landmark of China’s space industry.
—Yes. ________ great progress China has made in its space exploration.
A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 49．（2022·云南昆明·二模）Mr.Wang gave me several useful ________ on how to learn better. A．advise B．advices C．suggest D．suggestions 50．（2022·甘肃武威·模拟预测）The lady ________ red is ________ mother.
A．with; Lily and Lucy’s B．on; Lily’s and Lucy’s
C．in; Lily and Lucy’s D．in; Lily’s and Lucy’s。