寄生虫学英文课件：1 Nematode2
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第二讲Nematode线虫
(2) 3 pharyngeal glands open into the buccal cavity and pharyngeal cavity, secrete acetylcholine esterase and proteinases
Hookworm
1. Morphology
2) Egg: 64-75μm by 34-40μm 1-8 cells or an embryo Shells are thin and hyaline.
♀: the posterior end is cone-shaped
♂: elliptic and fan-shaped (copulatory bursa)
Hookworm
1. Morphology
1) Adults
Characteristics of copulatory spicules
Hookworm
Introduction to Nematodes
1. Morphological characteristics
4) Body wall (3) Musculature Polymyarian (多肌型): roundworm Meromyarian (少肌型): pinworm Holomyarian (细肌型): whipworm
1. Location: small intestine
infective egg through mouth
2. Infective stage: 3. Way of infection: 4. Larva migration: Intestine
circulatory
respiratory
intestine
Ascaris lumbricoides
Hookworm
1. Morphology
2) Egg: 64-75μm by 34-40μm 1-8 cells or an embryo Shells are thin and hyaline.
♀: the posterior end is cone-shaped
♂: elliptic and fan-shaped (copulatory bursa)
Hookworm
1. Morphology
1) Adults
Characteristics of copulatory spicules
Hookworm
Introduction to Nematodes
1. Morphological characteristics
4) Body wall (3) Musculature Polymyarian (多肌型): roundworm Meromyarian (少肌型): pinworm Holomyarian (细肌型): whipworm
1. Location: small intestine
infective egg through mouth
2. Infective stage: 3. Way of infection: 4. Larva migration: Intestine
circulatory
respiratory
intestine
Ascaris lumbricoides
寄生虫ppt课件 (2)
3
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医学寄生虫分类
医学原虫(protozoa) 医学蠕虫(helminths) 医学节肢动物(arthropods)
4
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我国有人体寄生报告的寄生虫达229种
5
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6
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医学蠕虫 7
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医学节肢动物
8
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重点掌握
与诊断有关的寄生虫形态特征 与致病和防治有关的生活史环节
寄生虫感染特点：带虫者、慢性感染和隐性感染；
多寄生现象；幼虫移行症。
21
生活史
生活史(life cycle)——寄生虫生长发育、繁殖和传
播的全过程。可分为直接型
和间接型。
感染阶段——生活史中某个阶段在入侵人体后能继续
生长发育。
感染途径——侵入人体的途径。
移行途径——从入侵处到达特定部位定居所经过的途径。
(2)兼性寄生虫(facultative Parasite)——parasite that are
capable of living either free on a host. Facultative
parasite are essentially free-living organisms that are
9
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几个概念：
1.寄生现象 (1) 共 生 (Symbiosis)——any organism that spends a portion or all of its life intimately associated with another living organism of a different species (symbiont) and its relationship is designated as symbiosis.
完整最新版课件
医学寄生虫分类
医学原虫(protozoa) 医学蠕虫(helminths) 医学节肢动物(arthropods)
4
完整最新版课件
我国有人体寄生报告的寄生虫达229种
5
完整最新版课件
6
完整最新版课件
医学蠕虫 7
完整最新版课件
医学节肢动物
8
完整最新版课件
重点掌握
与诊断有关的寄生虫形态特征 与致病和防治有关的生活史环节
寄生虫感染特点：带虫者、慢性感染和隐性感染；
多寄生现象；幼虫移行症。
21
生活史
生活史(life cycle)——寄生虫生长发育、繁殖和传
播的全过程。可分为直接型
和间接型。
感染阶段——生活史中某个阶段在入侵人体后能继续
生长发育。
感染途径——侵入人体的途径。
移行途径——从入侵处到达特定部位定居所经过的途径。
(2)兼性寄生虫(facultative Parasite)——parasite that are
capable of living either free on a host. Facultative
parasite are essentially free-living organisms that are
9
完整最新版课件
几个概念：
1.寄生现象 (1) 共 生 (Symbiosis)——any organism that spends a portion or all of its life intimately associated with another living organism of a different species (symbiont) and its relationship is designated as symbiosis.
寄生虫学优秀课件 (2)
感染期 ( infective stage)
寄生虫能侵入人体的阶段,并侵入 人体后能继续生长发育至寄生阶段.
（血吸虫的尾蚴）
病原（生物）学检测
是确诊寄生虫病功感染的主要方 法，对每一种寄生虫病的首选病原学 检测方法及检测的虫体阶段要掌握。
似蚓蛔线虫
Ascaris lumbricoides
成虫寄生：小肠 异位寄生：胆道、阑尾等
致病
•主要致病阶段：成虫
•急性：周期性淋巴管炎 (离心型 ) 淋巴结炎，丹毒样皮炎等
•慢性：象皮肿，乳糜尿, 睾丸鞘膜液等
实验室诊断（病原查诊）
•血滴镜检：查活Mf. •厚血膜染色法:首选,鉴别种
采血时间（晚上9时后） •海群生白天诱出法
防治
•人群治疗: 海群生(Hetrazan) •海盐疗法 •象皮肿治疗：烘绑疗法 •防蚊、灭蚊
蠕形住肠线虫 生活史
•寄生部位：成虫寄生于回盲部结肠
•排离方式：雌虫肛周产卵 •感染期：感染性虫卵 ( 肛周 6 h) •感染途径：自体重复感染
致病 - 成虫 •肛周瘙痒，继发性炎症 •异位寄生：泌尿生殖道
诊断
•肛周采卵：肛周棉签拭子法 玻璃胶纸法
•检获成虫
十二指肠钩口线虫 和
美洲板口线虫
生活史
寄生虫学
寄生
两种生物在一起生活 ( 共栖 ) ， 其中一方得益， 另一方受害 ( 寄生 现象 ), 得益的一方称为寄生虫，受 害的一方称为宿主。
（蛔虫和人）
寄生虫与宿主
宿主的 种类
1.中间宿主 ( intermediate host) 寄生虫的幼虫或无性生殖 阶段寄生
的宿主。 2.终宿主 ( definitive host)
寄生虫--intructiontoparasitologyPPT课件
2005,Pathologic examinationThe country's 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), helminth infections 356 629
26 kinds of human worm infection, worm infection rate of 21.74%
Types of hosts
1 Definitive host (终宿主）:
Those provide the living of adult helminth or sexual stage of a protozoan.
2 Intermediate host (中间宿主） :
Those provide living of larvae of helminth or asexual stages of a protozoan.
2. Effects of Host on Parasite ---- immunity
A.Defensive physiological reaction • Barrier function of skin and g effect B.The immune response
Premunition (malaria), 3. Concomitant immunity (schistosoma)
4. 3. Re-infection occurs often
The impact of parasites on human health
The “TDR” for control of the 10 kinds of major tropical diseases, in addition to leprosy, tuberculosis and dengue fever, the rest are parasites, they are:
26 kinds of human worm infection, worm infection rate of 21.74%
Types of hosts
1 Definitive host (终宿主）:
Those provide the living of adult helminth or sexual stage of a protozoan.
2 Intermediate host (中间宿主） :
Those provide living of larvae of helminth or asexual stages of a protozoan.
2. Effects of Host on Parasite ---- immunity
A.Defensive physiological reaction • Barrier function of skin and g effect B.The immune response
Premunition (malaria), 3. Concomitant immunity (schistosoma)
4. 3. Re-infection occurs often
The impact of parasites on human health
The “TDR” for control of the 10 kinds of major tropical diseases, in addition to leprosy, tuberculosis and dengue fever, the rest are parasites, they are:
寄生虫学：nematode(线虫) 1
The round worms of cats (Toxocara cati) and dogs (Toxocara canis) can result in larva migrans in human
MORPHOLOGY
the largest of intestinal nematode, ♀20-35cm; ♂15-31cm; resembling an earthworm;
bursa and spicule
lips
PSEUDOCOEL：A BODY CAVITY DERIVED FROM THE
EMBRYONIC BLASTOCOEL
functions as a hydrostatic skeleton
COMPLETE DIGESபைடு நூலகம்IVE SYSTEM
mouth, esophagus, intestine and anus
Soybean soy, vinegar can not kill the eggs This extraordinary chemical resistance depends on the lipid
layer of the eggshell
Life cycle
240,000/day
adults
Special characters：
living worms show reddish colour; three lips around the mouth in
“ 品 ” type and possess small teeth lateral hypodermal cords
MALE OR FEMALE ？
NEMATODE
abundant species enormous numbers wide spread
MORPHOLOGY
the largest of intestinal nematode, ♀20-35cm; ♂15-31cm; resembling an earthworm;
bursa and spicule
lips
PSEUDOCOEL：A BODY CAVITY DERIVED FROM THE
EMBRYONIC BLASTOCOEL
functions as a hydrostatic skeleton
COMPLETE DIGESபைடு நூலகம்IVE SYSTEM
mouth, esophagus, intestine and anus
Soybean soy, vinegar can not kill the eggs This extraordinary chemical resistance depends on the lipid
layer of the eggshell
Life cycle
240,000/day
adults
Special characters：
living worms show reddish colour; three lips around the mouth in
“ 品 ” type and possess small teeth lateral hypodermal cords
MALE OR FEMALE ？
NEMATODE
abundant species enormous numbers wide spread
双语《动物寄生虫图片》课件
Male system is a single tubule(单管型).
睾丸 输精管
储精囊 交合刺 生殖孔
Posterior end of trichostrongyloid nematode
交合刺 引器
交合伞
Characteristics of Nematoda
FEMALE nematodes are larger in size. The female reproductive organs are doubled(双管型).
There is no body cavity and the organs are packed in a parenchyma (实质). cyton
syntegument
cytotegumen t
The Excretory System(排泄系统)
flame cell (焰细胞)
The excretory system consists of a large number of ciliated flame cells (有纤毛 的焰细胞), which impel waste metabolic products along a system of tubules (小 管系统) to the exterior (外界).
Representatives(代表种)—Fasciola hepatica
咽 雄茎囊 输精管
卵模
生殖孔 子宫
卵黄管 卵黄腺
肠管
睾丸
Basic shape of Digenetic Trematode
成虫 (adult)
囊蚴 (metacercaria)
卵 (egg)
尾蚴 (cercaria) 雷蚴 (redia)
睾丸 输精管
储精囊 交合刺 生殖孔
Posterior end of trichostrongyloid nematode
交合刺 引器
交合伞
Characteristics of Nematoda
FEMALE nematodes are larger in size. The female reproductive organs are doubled(双管型).
There is no body cavity and the organs are packed in a parenchyma (实质). cyton
syntegument
cytotegumen t
The Excretory System(排泄系统)
flame cell (焰细胞)
The excretory system consists of a large number of ciliated flame cells (有纤毛 的焰细胞), which impel waste metabolic products along a system of tubules (小 管系统) to the exterior (外界).
Representatives(代表种)—Fasciola hepatica
咽 雄茎囊 输精管
卵模
生殖孔 子宫
卵黄管 卵黄腺
肠管
睾丸
Basic shape of Digenetic Trematode
成虫 (adult)
囊蚴 (metacercaria)
卵 (egg)
尾蚴 (cercaria) 雷蚴 (redia)
寄生虫学英文课件：Experiment of trematode
2nd I.H of C.sinensis
1st I.H of P. westermani
Semisulvospira libertina (川卷螺）
2nd I.H of P. westermani
crabs(溪蟹）
cray-fishes (喇蛄)
1st I.H of F. buski
Segimentin (扁卷螺)
Parasitizing site of adult
Cercaria
Elongate,pear-shaped body with round ends Long tail with a terminal furca.
Schistosoma sp. in copula. The female worm lies within a ventral groove of the male
Metacercaria of P.westermani
Байду номын сангаас
Metacercaria of C.sinensis
Intermediate Hosts
1st snails 2nd fishes
crustacean Vectors: water plants
1st I.H of C. sinensis
Bithynia, Parafossarulus and Alocinma (fresh-water snails)
nonoperculate egg Light yellowish Contain developed
miracidium. Note: Lateral knob or
vestigial spine. necrotic tissues adhered to
人体寄生虫学课件-总论双语
(1). Obligative parasites : 专性寄生虫 (2). Facultative parasites: 兼性寄生虫 (3). Endoparasite: 体内寄生虫 (4). Ectoparasite: 体外寄生虫. (5). Opportunistic parasite : 机会致病寄生虫
parasite
host
benefit Be injured
PARASITE and HOST
Among the partners in the parasitism,th e one which benefits from the other is a parasite,
while the one which is harmed by the p arasite is a host.
2.食源性寄生虫病急剧上升 3.机会性寄生虫、性传播寄生虫感染率增加
4.新现寄生虫不断出现
哇! 寄生虫的危害如此之大! 不说不知道,说了吓一跳耶!
老师,这寄生虫是何许东西?
好问题,且听我慢慢道来
1 PARASITISM PARASITE & HOST
The relationships between animals that live together
Preface
MEDICAL (HUMAN) PARASITOLOGY • A branch of the medical sciences.
• Is the science to study the parasite and parasitic diseases
A science to study the parasitism. Belong to nosetiology (病原生物学). A basic course for the clinic and phylaxiology(预防医学)
parasite
host
benefit Be injured
PARASITE and HOST
Among the partners in the parasitism,th e one which benefits from the other is a parasite,
while the one which is harmed by the p arasite is a host.
2.食源性寄生虫病急剧上升 3.机会性寄生虫、性传播寄生虫感染率增加
4.新现寄生虫不断出现
哇! 寄生虫的危害如此之大! 不说不知道,说了吓一跳耶!
老师,这寄生虫是何许东西?
好问题,且听我慢慢道来
1 PARASITISM PARASITE & HOST
The relationships between animals that live together
Preface
MEDICAL (HUMAN) PARASITOLOGY • A branch of the medical sciences.
• Is the science to study the parasite and parasitic diseases
A science to study the parasitism. Belong to nosetiology (病原生物学). A basic course for the clinic and phylaxiology(预防医学)
医学寄生虫学总论PPT课件
益也不受害。
•Mutualism（互利共生）： 两种生物在营养上互相依
赖，长期共生，双方有利。
•Parasitism （寄生）：
一方受益，另一方受害， 前者称寄生物，后者给前者提供营 养和居住场所称宿主。
片利共生
精选ppt课件最新
10
照片上，一条面目丑陋的大鱼似乎正要终结一只小虾的生命，但事实上，这张在2005科学幻想 摄影奖上获奖的照片要向人们说明的只是自然界中的一种共生现象。
4、寄生虫感染与寄生虫病的特点
•带虫者：感染有寄生虫，但无明显临床症状，能检出病原，
且能传播病原，大多数感染者表现为正常者。
•慢性感染:寄生虫数量少，长期有较轻的临床症状。是 寄生虫感染的主要形式，可能检出病原。
•隐性感染:体内有寄生虫，无临床表现，用常规方法不 能检出病原体。当免疫力低下时，大量增殖而致病。如 机会致病寄生虫。
卵
幼虫 正常
成虫
人
非正常
幼虫
正常
（滞育）
动物
媒介（vector） 一般指作为寄生虫的宿主或携带者，并
关系
1. 寄生虫对宿主的损害 损害程度取决于寄生虫的数量和寄生部位
（1） 夺取营养 如蛔虫 、绦虫 （2） 机械性损害 如钩虫、包虫、肺吸虫 （3） 毒性和免疫损伤 如阿米巴的分泌物，
摄影师吉姆·格林非尔德（Jim Greenfield）是在荷兰安的列斯群岛的古拉索岛海岸下拍摄到 这张照片的。照片上，一只狗母精鱼选p张pt课开件了最它新那宽宽的大嘴，让一只小虾为它清理牙齿1。1
寄生虫都是过寄生生活的多细胞无脊椎动物 和单细胞原生生物。
2.寄生虫的类别：
寄生部位 体内寄生虫（endoparasite） 体外寄生虫（ectoparasite）
•Mutualism（互利共生）： 两种生物在营养上互相依
赖，长期共生，双方有利。
•Parasitism （寄生）：
一方受益，另一方受害， 前者称寄生物，后者给前者提供营 养和居住场所称宿主。
片利共生
精选ppt课件最新
10
照片上，一条面目丑陋的大鱼似乎正要终结一只小虾的生命，但事实上，这张在2005科学幻想 摄影奖上获奖的照片要向人们说明的只是自然界中的一种共生现象。
4、寄生虫感染与寄生虫病的特点
•带虫者：感染有寄生虫，但无明显临床症状，能检出病原，
且能传播病原，大多数感染者表现为正常者。
•慢性感染:寄生虫数量少，长期有较轻的临床症状。是 寄生虫感染的主要形式，可能检出病原。
•隐性感染:体内有寄生虫，无临床表现，用常规方法不 能检出病原体。当免疫力低下时，大量增殖而致病。如 机会致病寄生虫。
卵
幼虫 正常
成虫
人
非正常
幼虫
正常
（滞育）
动物
媒介（vector） 一般指作为寄生虫的宿主或携带者，并
关系
1. 寄生虫对宿主的损害 损害程度取决于寄生虫的数量和寄生部位
（1） 夺取营养 如蛔虫 、绦虫 （2） 机械性损害 如钩虫、包虫、肺吸虫 （3） 毒性和免疫损伤 如阿米巴的分泌物，
摄影师吉姆·格林非尔德（Jim Greenfield）是在荷兰安的列斯群岛的古拉索岛海岸下拍摄到 这张照片的。照片上，一只狗母精鱼选p张pt课开件了最它新那宽宽的大嘴，让一只小虾为它清理牙齿1。1
寄生虫都是过寄生生活的多细胞无脊椎动物 和单细胞原生生物。
2.寄生虫的类别：
寄生部位 体内寄生虫（endoparasite） 体外寄生虫（ectoparasite）
Lecture of Nematode——【人体寄生虫学】
Egg of Enterobius vermicularis
shape：asymmetrical, one side is flat, another is convex size：mean color：transparent shell：thick contents：folded larvae (or oocytes)
Draw the eggs：
shell oocytes space
Section 2 Nematode Ⅱ
• Filaria: Wuchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi
• Trichinella spiralis • Enterobius vermicularis
Aim and demands
Direct smear
• Prepare a clean slide, add 1-2 drop of normal saline in the middle of slide.
• Take a sample with a rice size from the stool specimen and put it in the area with normal saline, smearing well.
• Morphological characters of egg and adult of E. vermicularis
• Morphological characters of encysted larvae in muscle of T. spiralis
• Difference between two kinds of microfilariae in morphology
Adults
医学生物学ppt图片素材-寄生虫学Parasitology
疥螨（疥疮）Sarcoptes scabiei (Scabi虫Bug
宿主Hosts
Sporocyt
Redia
Cercaria
Metacercaria
Adult
曼氏血吸虫Schisotoma Mansoni (Bilharzie)
Egg Cercaria
Miracidium
Adults
Female Male
T. saginata
绦虫Taenia
T. solium
Egg Adults
Cysticercus
细粒棘球绦虫Echinococcus granulosus
Embryonated egg
Hydatid cyst
Adult
虱子（虱子）Pediculus humanus (Louse)
Adult
Egg: Nit
腹股沟螟（变形虫）Phtirus inguinalis (Morpion)
利什曼原虫Leishmania
Amastigote
Promastigote
疟原虫（疟原虫病）Plasmodium (Paludism)
Zygote
Oocyst
Sporozoites
Female
Gametes
Male
Merozoites Gametocytes
弓形虫（弓形虫病）Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasmosis)
毛滴虫
Trichomonas
疟原虫（疟原虫病）
Plasmodium (Paludism)
鞭虫
Trichuris
肝片吸虫（肝吸虫）
Fasciola
hepatica
(Liver fluke)
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Section 2 Nematode Ⅱ
Filaria: Wuchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi
Trichinella spiralis Enterobius vermicularis
Aim and Demands
Morphological characters of egg and adult of
Detection of the eggs on the perianal skin
2. Cotton swab (棉签拭子法) ⑴ Wet a cotton swab with physiological saline and
wiping the perianal skin; ⑵ Put the swab into a test tube with physiological
Cephalic space Body nuclei
B.malayi
W. bancrofti
W. bancrofti
twisted, outline is natural and gentle under low magnification;round nuclei do not extend to the tip of the tail and the sheath extends beyond the tip of the tail under a higher magnification
Shape: asymmetrical, one
side is flat, another is convex
size: mean
Color: transparent
Shell: thick
Contents: folded larvae (or
oocytes)
eggshell
larvae
Cephalic alae and esophageal bulb
saline and shaking it; ⑶ Take out the swab and centrifuge the tube,
check the eggs from the sediments.
Encysted larva of Trichinella spiralis
Encysted larva Muscle fibre
Brugiห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ malayi
smaller than W. bancrofti nuclei: elliptic and bigger, dense,difficult to count
Drawing：
Egg of E.vermicularis, encysted larva of T.spiralis,
with the perianal skin and then replace the tape on the slide, do not leave the air bubble between the tape and slide. ⑶ Detection of the eggs under a microscope.
E. vermicularis
Morphological characters of encysted larvae
in muscle of T. spiralis
Difference between two kinds of microfilariae in morphology
Egg of Enterobius vermicularis
Detection of the eggs on the perianal skin
1. Adhesive cellulose tape (透明胶纸法) : ⑴ Cut a adhesive cellulose tape in size of
3 cm x 2 cm and sticking it on a clean slide; ⑵ Expose the sticky face of the tape and contact
one microfilaria
One or more larvae spirally convoluted in the cyst
Microfilaria
• posture • cephalic space • body nuclei • caudal nuclei
Caudal nuclei
Cephalic space
Filaria:
Filaria: Wuchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi
Trichinella spiralis Enterobius vermicularis
Aim and Demands
Morphological characters of egg and adult of
Detection of the eggs on the perianal skin
2. Cotton swab (棉签拭子法) ⑴ Wet a cotton swab with physiological saline and
wiping the perianal skin; ⑵ Put the swab into a test tube with physiological
Cephalic space Body nuclei
B.malayi
W. bancrofti
W. bancrofti
twisted, outline is natural and gentle under low magnification;round nuclei do not extend to the tip of the tail and the sheath extends beyond the tip of the tail under a higher magnification
Shape: asymmetrical, one
side is flat, another is convex
size: mean
Color: transparent
Shell: thick
Contents: folded larvae (or
oocytes)
eggshell
larvae
Cephalic alae and esophageal bulb
saline and shaking it; ⑶ Take out the swab and centrifuge the tube,
check the eggs from the sediments.
Encysted larva of Trichinella spiralis
Encysted larva Muscle fibre
Brugiห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ malayi
smaller than W. bancrofti nuclei: elliptic and bigger, dense,difficult to count
Drawing：
Egg of E.vermicularis, encysted larva of T.spiralis,
with the perianal skin and then replace the tape on the slide, do not leave the air bubble between the tape and slide. ⑶ Detection of the eggs under a microscope.
E. vermicularis
Morphological characters of encysted larvae
in muscle of T. spiralis
Difference between two kinds of microfilariae in morphology
Egg of Enterobius vermicularis
Detection of the eggs on the perianal skin
1. Adhesive cellulose tape (透明胶纸法) : ⑴ Cut a adhesive cellulose tape in size of
3 cm x 2 cm and sticking it on a clean slide; ⑵ Expose the sticky face of the tape and contact
one microfilaria
One or more larvae spirally convoluted in the cyst
Microfilaria
• posture • cephalic space • body nuclei • caudal nuclei
Caudal nuclei
Cephalic space
Filaria: