2017_2018学年高中英语Unit3Computers课时作业新人教版必修220170714219

Unit 3 Computers
【导语】万维网的出现彻底改变了世界，创造了大量的财富并从根本上改变了人们的生活方式。

而它的创始人英国计算机科学家蒂姆·伯纳斯·李对于自己这一成果的现状并不满意。

一起去了解一下这位“万维网之父”吧！
Most people have never heard of Tim Berners－Lee.He is not nearly as rich or famous as Marc Andreessen，who is the founder of Netscape，or Bill Gates，whose name has become a well－known word.
Berners－Lee，who works in a small office at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，is the creator of the World Wide Web.The creation of the Web is so important that some people compare Berners－Lee to Johann Gutenberg，who invented printing by movable type(活字)in the fifteenth century.
Berners－Lee was born in England in 1955.His parents，who helped design the world's first commercially available computer，gave him a great love of mathematics and learning.
In 1980，Berners－Lee went to work at CERN，a physics laboratory in Geneva，Switzerland，where he had a lot of material to learn quickly.He had a poor memory for facts and wanted to find a way to help him keep track of things he couldn't remember.He invented a software programme that allowed him to create a document that had links to other documents.He continued to develop his idea through the 1980s.He wanted to find a way to connect the knowledge and creativity of people all over the world.
In 1991，his project became known as the World Wide Web.The number of Internet users started to grow quickly.However，Berners－Lee is not completely happy with the way the Web has developed.He thinks it has become a passive tool for so many people，not the tool for creativity that he had imagined.
【词海拾贝】
1．creator n．创造者
2．commercially adv.商业地
3．track n．轨道
4．software n．软件
5．passive adj.被动的；消极的
【问题思考】
阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)。

1．Tim Berners－Lee is the founder of Netscape.( )
2．Tim Berners－Lee was an Englishman and got a lot of help from his parents.( )
3．The World Wide Web became famous but has not been deve－loped perfectly.( ) 答案：1.F 2.T 3.T
Ⅰ.将单词与其正确释义配对
1．calculate A．简化
2．universal B．完全地；整个地
3．simplify C．普遍的；通用的；宇宙的
4．logical D．真实；事实；现实
5．technology E．人造的；假的
6．artificial F．探索；探测；探究
7．intelligent G．解决；解答
8．solve H．工艺；科技；技术
9．reality I．合逻辑的；合情理的
10．totally J．计算
11．application K．智能的；聪明的
12．explore L．应用；用途；申请
答案：1.J 2.C 3.A 4.I 5.H 6.E 7.K 8.G 9.D 10.B 11.L 12.F
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语提示写出单词
1．________n．目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分
2．________v．&n.发信号；信号
3．________v．&n.类型；打字
4．________vi.出现；发生
5．________adj.电子的
答案：1.goal 2.signal 3.type 4.arise 5.electronic
Ⅲ.根据英语释义写出单词
1．________：complete change in ways of thinking，working，etc
2．________： connected computer system
3．________： anyway
4．________： able to be moved easily from place to place
5．________： activity of managing money
答案：1.revolution work 3.anyhow 4.mobile 5.finance
Ⅳ.选用短语的适当形式完成句子
from then on；as a result；so...that；go by；in a way；in common；compare...with；with the help of；watch over；deal with
1．Hardly a day ________ when I don't think about her.
2．________ with many mothers，she feels torn between her family and her work.
3．We were separated after the film，and ________，I never saw her again.
4．________ our small apartment，our uncle's house seemed like a palace.
5．________，it was one of our biggest mistakes.
6．She is used to ________ all kinds of people in her job.
7．The construction work has to stop ________ of the heavy rain.
8．All the villagers were moved to safety ________ the PLA men.
9．They took turns to ________ the children.
10．________ fat was he ________ he couldn't go through the door.
答案：1.goes by 2.In common 3.from then on
4．Compared with 5.In a way 6.dealing with 7.as a result 8.with the help of 9.watch over 10.So that
课文表层理解
Ⅰ.判断正(T)误(F)
1．Although the computer was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes，it could not “think” logically.( )
2．First as a laptop and then as a PC，the computer has been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.( )
3．The computers' memory was first stored on transistors，then in tubes and later on very small chips.( )
4．Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for the computer.( )
5．The use of the computer is to provide humans with a life of high quality.( ) 答案：1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.T
Ⅱ.读课文，回答问题
1．In what order is this passage arranged？(within 2 words) In the order of ________．
答案：time
2．Who is the speaker “I” in the passage? (within 2 words)
_______________________________________________________
答案：A computer.
3．How do you think this article is written in the first person？(within 20 words) _______________________________________________________
答案：It can make the article more effective to understand and attract the readers.
4．Fill in the blank with the words from the second paragraph.(within 5 words) The computer's shape was greatly changed ________ the memory stored in smaller and smaller space.
答案：as a result of
5．Why do “I” feel very happy now according to the last para－graph？(within 15 words)
_______________________________________________________
答案：Because “I” am a helper and devoted friend of the human race.
Ⅲ.读课文完成表格
1642 The computer began as a 1.________machine.
1822 The 2.________machine was built by Charles Babbage and it was the start of 3.________intelligence.
1936 Alan Turing wrote a book to describe how computers could be made to work as a 4.________machine.
1940s Because information can be stored in tubes, or on
5．________and later on very small 6.________， computers became smaller.
1960s
The first family of computers was 7.________to each other by a 8.________．1970s
Computers were used in offices and 9.________．
now Computers 10.________people all over the world together.
答案：1.calculating 2.analytical 3.artificial 4.universal
5．transistors 6.chips 7.connected work
9．homes 10.connect
课文深层理解
Ⅰ.读课文，完成下列各题
1．What is the main idea of the passage?
The passage is a short ________ of the ________ of computers.
答案：history development
2．Find out the key sentence of each paragraph：
①_____________________________________________________
②_____________________________________________________
③____________________________________________________
答案：①Over time I have been changed quite a lo t.
②These changes only became possible as my memory improved.
③Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．What is the oldest calculator in the world?
A．Calculator. B．Abacus. C．PC.
答案：B
2．What might you usually use to add many numbers up in an exam?
A．PC. B．Huge computer. C．Calculator.
答案：C
3．In our daily life，which is widely used to deal with a large amount of information?
A．Robot. B．Laptop. C．Abacus.
答案：B
4．What do you think of the future computers?
A．Smaller and smarter.
B．Larger and faster.
C．Smaller but slower.
答案：A
5．If you want to send a long letter to your friend，the best way is ________．A．by telephone B．by plane C．by e－ma il
答案：C
Ⅲ.领会句子所用的句型并译成汉语
1．I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.
_______________________________________________________
答案：我发展非常缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。

2．By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room，and I wondered if I would grow any larger.
_______________________________________________________
答案：到20世纪40年代，我有一个房间那么大，我想知道我是否会变得更大。

3．As time went by，I was made smaller.
_______________________________________________________
答案：随着时间的推移，我被制作得更小了。

4．Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.
_______________________________________________________
答案：自从20世纪70年代开始，人们发现了我的许多新用途。

5．Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.
_______________________________________________________
答案：不管怎样，我的目标是给人们提供高质量的生活。

写一篇想象作文
一、想象作文的分类
想象作文可分为两类：一是写自己的设想、追求、愿望、梦境的习作，这类习作往往与科幻结合在一起。

另一类是童话，运用“拟人”手法，把各种动植物、物品想象成“人”，通过有趣的故事，告诉读者某个道理。

二、写好想象作文需做到以下几点
1．要大胆想象：写想象作文，一定要展开想象的翅膀，大胆想象。

2．想象要合理：想象是以生活为基础的，因此我们写想象作文，一定要从生活实际出发，展开合理的想象，不能脱离实际。

另外，想象要有所节制，要有一定的中心，要为表现文章的中心思想服务。

3．想象的内容要具体，切忌说空话。

4．要表达自己的真情实感。

想象作文是自己对未来的幻想，饱含着自己对美好生活的热爱和向往。

因此，我们在写想象作文时也应该在描写未来的同时表达自己的真情实感。

三、典型句式
1．People will become...in the future.
2．I think...in the future will be more interesting and wonderful.
3．What...will look like in the future?
4．Have you ever thought about...in the next 30 or 50 years?
5．We can imagine that...
6．In addition，there will be super computers or robots which can help us do...
7．Great changes will take place in the future.
8．I believe my dream will come true some day.
9．I believe this day will come true.
你校举行科技节，有一项发明很吸引外来参观者的眼球，你作为发明者向参观者介绍你的发明(护理机器人)，请按以下表格内容介绍。

写作要求
1．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
2．词数100左右；
3．注意：开头和结尾已给出(不计入总词数)。

【写作要点】
本文为一篇介绍机器人的想象性作文，属于说明文，介绍机器人的功能时应该条理清楚、用词准确。

可能用到的表达方式：help do sth帮助做某事；respond to simple spoken commands 回应简单的口头指令；as soon as possible/as soon as sb can尽可能快地。

【范文点评】
范文点评
Ladies_and_gentlemen，
I'd like to introduce you something about my
recent inve ntion—a robot，①whose_name_is_RIBA．
I ②designed_the_robot_to_look like a friendly bear，③
since_an_android_would_scare_the_patients．Nowaday s，many hospitals have been ④having_trouble_finding nurses and the population grows old，so I hope robots will ⑤help_(to)_solve the problem.RIBA can not only help carry the patients from the chair to the bed，but also ⑥respond_to simple spoken commands and recognize co－workers.
I hope my invention will be introduced to hospitals ⑦as_soon_as_possible．
Thank_you. 本文结构清晰，用词准确，行文连贯紧凑。

一些短语、复合句等的使用使文章语言丰富，更具有可读性，如①whose引导的非限制性定语从句，②design sth to do sth，③since引导的原因状语从句，④have tr ouble doing sth，⑤help (to) do sth，⑥respond to，⑦as soon as possible等
最近，某英语报纸正在组织一次英语征文活动，邀请读者围绕“Science and technology is changing our life greatly”这个话题，谈谈科学技术给我们的日常生活带来的变化。

请你根据图片中的提示写一篇英语短文应征，谈谈你家三代人购物生活的变化，并畅想未来的购物方式。

注意：词数100左右。

参考词汇：供销社Supply and Marketing Cooperative
_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________
答案：
With the development of science and technology，our way of life has been changing all the time.My grandmother told me she usually covered a long distance to a small shop called the Supply and Marketing Cooperative in town to buy ter，supermarkets have been opened in our town，so my mother would like to go shopping in a supermarket near my house because it is very convenient.
In recent years，online shopping has become popular.Many young people like me prefer to buy what we like in front of the computer because it can save us time and labour.
I think，in the future，we can depend on our robot servants to do shopping by telling them what we want to buy.
A级基础过关
Ⅰ.语法填空
在句中空白处填上适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

1．With everything he had missing，he was ________ (total) hopeless and killed himself.
2. ________ (person)，I think the best present is not necessarily the most expensive one.
3．This is another kind of beauty that has nothing to do with ________ (appear)，but comes from the heart.
4．So many people around the world are learning or using English，so it is considered as a ________ (universe) language.
5．Her car broke down on her way to the park；as ________ result，she had to ask someone to repair it.
6．After ________，meeting strangers means seeing the unknown，which naturally makes one feel uncomfortable.
7．I don't know how to deal ________ such a situation.
8．________ the day went on，the weather got worse.
9．This is so difficult a problem ________ few students can answer it.
10．In the last few years thousands of films __________ (produce)all over the world.
答案：1.totally 2.Personally 3.appearance 4.universal 5.a 6.all 7.with 8.As 9.that 10.have been produced
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．________________ (无论我什么时候看到他)，he is reading.
2．He found it difficul t to read now，____________________ (因为他的视力正开始下降)．
3．Work hard ________________ (当你年轻时)，or you'll regret.
4．Write down what the teacher says in class _______________ (在你未忘记之前)．5．______________________ (随着你长大)，you'll know better about yourself.
答案：1.Whenever I see him 2.for his eyesight was beginning to fail 3.when (you are) young 4.before you 5.As you grow older
B级能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

Robots make me nervous, especially the ones which seem to think for themselves.
I was embarrassed to admit this till I heard that Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, felt the same way. Gates said in an interview with the website Reddit, “I am in the camp that is concerned about super intelligence. First the machines will do a lot of jobs for us and not be super intelligent.That should be positive if we manage well. A few decades after that, though, the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern.”
Well, maybe I don't have to worry about my laptop and kitchen appliances yet. After I use them I can always pull the plug. But in the future, machines might find a way to prevent us from switching them off. That's a scary thought!
Professor Stephen Hawking warned a few months ago about the possibility that artificial (人造的) intelligence could evolve and end up beyond human control. He suggested that ma chines could “spell the end of the human race”．Maybe the problem with computers too clever for us is not that they are evil or rebellious (反叛的). What could put us in danger is that they might be too efficient. That's what philosopher Nick Bostrom from the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University believes. He says that machines are indifferent to humans and in pursuit of their own goals, the destruction of people might be just collateral (附带的) damage.A machine would not take pity on you.
I'm glad my machines at home are “dumb”. All my vacuum cleaner wants to take over is the carpet in my living room. Let's hope they don't create an appliance which wants to take over the world!
【语篇解读】现在的机器人越来越智能化，但是有些人，比如作者，还有比尔·盖茨和霍金，却在担心将来机器人的智商太高，会不受人类控制，进而毁灭人类。

1．We can conclude from Gates' statements that________．
A．he is embarrassed that he is afraid of robots
B．he doesn't think machines are intelligent
C．machines should be fully employed
D．machines' super intelligence should be a concern
解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句比尔·盖茨说的话“A few decades after that，though，the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern.”可知，几十年之后，机器人的智力很强大，使我们感到担忧。

答案：D
2．The underlined word “spell” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to________．A．record B．cause
C．explain D．develop
解析：词义猜测题。

根据画线词前面的“...end up beyond human control”可知，机器人可能最终会不受人类控制，故霍金教授觉得将来机器可能会使人类被淘汰。

故选cause 表示“导致，引起”。

答案：B
3．Why are computers dangerous according to Nick Bostrom?
A．They are too evil and rebellious.
B．They are indifferent to humans.
C．They show pity on humans.
D．They are too clever and efficient.
解析：细节理解题。

根据第五段的“Maybe the problem with computers too clever for us...What could put us in danger is that they might be too efficient.”可知，机器人对人可能会有威胁的原因是它太聪明，效率太高，故选D项。

答案：D
4．What can be inferred about the author?
A．He doesn't agree with Bill Gates.
B．He is not content with the present kitchen appliances.
C．He is scared about the super intelligence of machines.
D．He expects that machines will take place of humans.
解析：推理判断题。

根据文章第一段的“Robots make me nervous...”和第三段中的“Bu t in the future，machines might find a way to prevent us from switching them
off. That's a scary thought！”可知，作者对智能机器人有所担心，故选C项。

答案：C
Ⅳ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

When I was a kid my parents sent me to a summer camp in New Hampshire.____1____At camp we did tons of great things like swimming, sports, and archery, but for me, the most memorable experience was an overnight trip of mountain climbing. If you've ever hiked a mountain, you know it's a physical challenge, especially when you're carrying your food and shelter on your back.____2____
“How much further is it？”
“My pack is too heavy. Can you carry it for me？”
The reply of the teachers was，“Suck it up.” The truth is, the complaining campers were nowhere near the point of exhaustion (疲惫). If they had been, the teachers would have noticed the signs and given them care.____3____ Once they realized they weren't getting any sympathy(同情) they got out of the discomfort, and in most cases ended up having a great time.
4____You can complain，or you can make the best of it. If you complain, you might feel like you're getting the negative energy out, but you're probably not going to cause a positive change. It's much more likely that your complaining will arouse the dislike of those around you.
No one likes a complainer. Complaining makes life harder for everyone.____5____ A．The summer camp was interesting but full of complaint.
B．The kids simply weren't used to the physical challenge.
C．It's no use complaining and it can't bring us what we want.
D．This was a great experience for me.
E．There are two ways to deal with an unpleasant situation.
F．When campers got tired, they certainly started complaining.
G．We should complain less and make more effort.
答案：1.D 2.F 3.B 4.E 5.G
Ⅴ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

With the development of the information technology，we have stepped into the new century.People's topics，especially the young people's, are becoming more and more ____1____， which older men never understand: the Internet and ____2____ life.
Just a few years ago, people ____3____ talked about what a computer could do to help their daily life.They considered it as a high­tech ____4____for programming，to design machines, to control robots，____5____ to make A­bombs(原子弹)! At that time, PCs were very expensive and it was very dear to____6____ one's computer to the web. What's more, it was too slow. So ____7____ people knew what the Internet really meant.
But today, things have changed greatly. The Internet times are coming.____8____，if you like to have a shot at succeeding in business today, you will have to succeed____9____ the web.____10____ around and it seems as if about every company out there is in E­business.
For ordinary persons, e­mail is taking the place of traditional ways of ____11____ letters. And young people keep in touch with each other by connecting their____12____ to the web. They can express their ____13____， either happiness or anger，sorrow or loneliness, to their webmates in chat rooms. Some ____14____ have found thei r “true love” on the Internet!
I cannot ____15____ the Internet's great devotions to our daily life in the world of tomorrow. The Internet can do ____16____ many things for us that we almost cannot live without it. Everything is ____17____ in the future, and no one can ____18____ what will exactly happen in the years to com e. But one thing is ____19____：more and more people will come to know the Internet and will surely ____20____ themselves in his or her daily life.
【语篇解读】随着信息技术的发展，互联网给我们的日常生活带来了许多方面的便利。

1．A.interesting B．advanced
C．strange D．modern
解析：逻辑推理题。

通过上一句的“随着信息技术的发展”和其后定语从句的意思“老一点的人从来不会理解”来看，应该是人们谈论的话题越来越现代(modern)。

答案：D
2．A.school B．working
C．everyday D．ordinary
解析：逻辑推理题。

通过下文的描述可以看出，本文主要讲述网络和我们的日常(everyday)生活。

答案：C
3．A.seldom B．sometimes
C．usually D．often
解析：逻辑推理题。

通过下文的描述可以看出，几年前人们很少谈论电脑对日常生活的作用，认为电脑与日常生活无关。

seldom“极少，几乎不”符合文意。

答案：A
4．A.machine B．tool
C．computer D．line
解析：逻辑推理题。

人们认为电脑是设计程序的一种高科技工具。

由下文中的“to design machines”排除A项；C、D两项与语境不符。

答案：B
5．A.even B．except
C．yet D．still
解析：逻辑推理题。

人们认为电脑是设计机器、控制机器人甚至是制造原子弹的工具，even表示语气的递进。

答案：A
6．A.put B．join
C．tie D．fit
解析：固定搭配题。

句意：那时候个人电脑很贵，而且将电脑连接到网络上也很贵。

join...to...“把……连接到……。

答案：B
7．A.few B．little
C．some D．no
解析：逻辑推理题。

通过上文的描述可知：当时极少(few)有人知道网络真正意味着什么。

答案：A
8．A.For sure B．For some time
C．For example D．For some reason
解析：词语辨析题。

以下是举例说明网络时代已经来临，故选C项。

答案：C
9．A.by B．with
C．through D．on
解析：固定搭配题。

on the web“在网络上”。

答案：D
10．A.Travel B．Look
C．Go D．Turn
解析：词语辨析题。

look around“向四周看；环视”；travel around“到处旅行”；go around“到处走”；turn around“转身”。

只有look around符合文意。

答案：B
11．A.reading B. writing
C．sending D．receiving
解析：背景常识题。

send letters“发送信件”，电子邮件取代了以往的发送信件。

答案：C
12．puters B．names
C．e­mails D．addresses
解析：词汇复现题。

把彼此的电脑(computer)和网络连接，双方便可在网络上沟通。

答案：A
13．A.idea B．opinion
C．thought D．feeling
解析：逻辑推理题。

下文的happiness，anger，sorrow及loneliness都是人的情绪(feeling)，所以选D项。

答案：D
14．A.girls B．boys
C．men D．youths
解析：逻辑推理题。

从网络寻找true love是年轻人(youths)做的事。

答案：D
15．A.believe B．think
C．make D．imagine
解析：逻辑推理题。

句意：“我”想象(imagine)不出明天的网络会带给全世界人们的日常生活怎样的贡献。

其他选项不合逻辑。

答案：D
16．A.so B．rather
C．quite D．fairly
解析：固定搭配题。

本题考查so...that...“如此……以至于……”结构。

答案：A
17．A.changing B．possible
C．real D．true
解析：逻辑推理题。

由于网络已经给人们的生产、生活带来巨大改变和影响，所以作者认为在电脑的帮助下，未来的一切都有可能(possible)发生。

答案：B
18．A.decide B．tell
C．question D．guess
解析：词语辨析题。

tell与can连用，表示“判断，预测”。

句意：没有人能够预测到在接下来的几年里会发生什么事情。

答案：B
19．A.sure B．certain
C．valuable D．thoughtful
解析：逻辑推理题。

通过but的转折意义可知：虽然没有人能够预测到在接下来的几年里会发生什么事情，但有一件事情是确定的。

用物作主语，用certain不用sure。

答案：B
20．A.love B．help
C．enjoy D．tire
解析：固定搭配题。

enjo y oneself“玩得开心，过得愉快”。

指在网络的帮助下，人们会更加愉快地生活。

答案：C。