2020年GRE写作Issue考试部分真题及答案

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2020年GRE模拟试题及答案(卷五)

2020年GRE模拟试题及答案（卷五）Investors are grateful that the attorney general has stepped in to pursue inquiries into misfeasance on the financial markets, given that the regulators officially charged with policing the industry have been _____.A：diffidentB：meticulousC：straightforwardD：implacableE：tenacious答案：AA significant element of the Gothic genre, the literary grotesque is sometimes inaccurately discussed as if it were a _____Gothic or, conversely, as if it were something entirely different from Gothic.A：synonym forB：characteristic ofC：counterweight toD：ramification ofE：deviation from答案：AIn his study of Senegambian cleric Shaykh Mass Kah (1827-1936), Bala S. K. Saho notes that it is difficult to fully (i) _____many of the oral accounts on which the study relies. Saho’s work shows, however, thatdespite this absence of (ii)_____ , oral history can provide useful sources from which historians can reconstruct the past.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：comprehend D：partialityB：reproduce E：argumentationC：validate F：corroboration答案：CFThe city’s traffic-planning department has been working hard to (i) _____drivers. Closely spaced stop lights have been added on roads into town, causing delays. Pedestrian underpasses designed to allow traffic to flow freely across major intersections have been (ii)_____ .Blank (I)Blank (II)A：assist D：enhancedB：calm E：stabilizedC：discourage F：removed答案：CFThe (i) _____current-generation solar cells are (ii)_____ : although experimental cells have reached efficiencies greater than 40 percent, most commercially available cells in the early part of the twenty-first century still struggle to get past about 20 percent.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：attractions of D：clearB：limitations of E：unmatchedC：improvements in F：misunderstood答案：BDEven those observers who are the most _____about genetic privacy issues would have to concede that genetic discrimination is rare: there have only been two cases of any notoriety.A：sanguineB：zealousC：candidD：objectiveE：apathetic答案：BShe constantly _____herself for not living up to her own ideals—for not working hard enough or not having motives that were pure enough.A：exaltedB：coddledC：excoriatedD：mollifiedE：deluded答案：CAncient cart ruts found on Malta were created in soft limestone that begins to dissolve when exposed to rainfall. Their forms thus necessarilybecome (i)_____over time and their original features are (ii)_____ .Blank (I)Blank (II)A：solidifed D：refinedB：degraded E：replicatedC：conspicuous F：obscured答案：BFMaking loans and fighting poverty are normally two of the least glamorous pursuits around, but remarkably enough put the two together, and you have an economic innovation that has become not just (i) _____but downright (ii) _____.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：popular D：chicB：pointless E：unfathomableC：dangerous F：sensible答案：ADConvinced of the gravity of her poetry, Voigt must have found the reviews of her most recent collection (i)_____ reading: one amused reviewer thought that it was unrecognizable as poetry but decidedly (ii)_____ .Blank (I)Blank (II)A：tempting D：inspiringB：depressing E：irritatingC：thrilling F：diverting答案：BFCommon and easily accessible resources (prey for predators or hosts for parasites) should be, all other things being equal, used frequently, yet in some environments apparently accessible and suitable resources remain _____.A：vulnerableB：unobtainableC：sustainableD：depletedE：unexploited答案：EEven though the authors repeatedly_____ their own shrewdness, they show a remarkable credulousness toward far-fetched ideas such as carbon-eating trees and cloud-making machinery.A：soft-pedalB：extolC：deprecateD：broadenE：compromise答案：BThe (i)_____ of molecular oxygen on Earth-sized planets aroundother stars in the universe would not be (ii)_____sign of life: molecular oxygen can be a signature of photosynthesis(a biotic process) or merely of the rapid escape of water from the upper reaches of a planetary atmosphere (an abiotic process).Blank (I)Blank (II)A：dearth D：a controversialB：presumption E：an unambiguousC：detection F：a possible答案：CEIn reviewing cases decided by lower courts, Supreme Court justices search for precedents to justify their arguments. Reliance on precedent (i)_____ judicial restraint: the precedent (ii)_____ a judge’s ability to determine the outcome of a case in a way that he or she might choose if there were no precedent.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：promotes D：establishesB：compromises E：constraintsC：promulgates F：prioritizes答案：AEAs he has matured as a scholar, Felmar has come to see the merit of qualification. His conclusions, which early in his career he (i) _____, are now often (ii) _____.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：stated as absolute D：hedgedB：refused to reveal E：simplifiedC：backed up extensively F：reiterated答案：ADThe inconspicuous location and lack of striking vistas that characterize the villa reflect the_____ aspect of its creator’s personality.A：volatileB：grandioseC：gregariousD：self-effacingE：imperious答案：DThe chairman, faced with the need to forge a consensus on a number of proposals,acknowledged that it would be difficult to reconcile the push for a radical overhaul with the stance of those who want _____change.A：deliberateB：indiscriminateC：genuineD：immediateE：wholesale答案：ARecently released statistics on the prevalence of heart disease in the United States, while (i)_____ , nevertheless reflect a decline from heights reached in the 1960s, before health officials began publicly (ii)_____ people to guard against heart disease.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：definite D：entreatingB：sobering E：defyingC：implausible F：absolving答案：BDThe humor in this play derives from its (i)_____ . The new production, however, inexplicably goes in the opposite direction; it is so (ii)_____ that the audience does not even seem to realize that the play is supposed to be a comedy.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：verbal nimbleness D：accessibleB：political allusions E：ploddingC：deadpan dialogue F：implausible答案：AETo say the actors were (i)_____ their director is an understatement: a director who is visibly bored by his cast and their performances is hard to (ii)_____ .Blank (I)Blank (II)A：disappointed in D：lambastB：accepting of E：displeaseC：motivated by F：suffer答案：BFWhen pulsars were first discovered, some of the astrophysicists involved briefly (i)_____ these types of stars might be (ii)______extraterrestrial intelligence. Specifically, the pulsar’s periodic radiation pattern was initially interpreted as (iii)______ rather than—as it turned out to be—the natural product of the spinning of a neutron star.Blank (I)Blank (II)Blank (III)A：ignored whether D：suggestive of G：a deliberate hoaxB：thought that E：unrelated to H：an episodic phenomenonC：disavowed that F：evidence against I：a constructed code答案：BDIThere has been great enthusiasm in the United States for reducing fossil fuel dependence by increasing production of biofuels from crops such as corn and switchgrass, but this (i)_____ about biofuel’s potential should be (ii)_____ by a realistic appraisal of the costs and challenges of biofuel production.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：forbearance D：temperedB：exuberance E：delineatedC：obduracy F：exacerbated答案：BDUntil now,old snapshots and home movies faded and crumbled and were eventually (i)_____.Only a few precious mementos were preserved and passed along. But as photography moves into the digital realm, family albums and home videos seem capable of (ii)_____: our capacity to store them is, for all practical purposes, approaching the infinite. Is such a transformation a good thing? The natural world teaches us that (iii)_____ are vital to ecological health. Does a similar principle apply to communal memory?Blank (I)Blank (II)Blank (III)A：archived D：transmission G：death and decayB：discarded E：immortality H：predator and preyC：reproduced F：revolution I：reproduction and renewal答案：BEGThe threat of litigation makes the art authentication industry _____ realm: connoisseurs refuse to communicate in writing and confidential agreements bind authenticators to silence.A：an opportunisticB：a clandestineC：a moralizingD：a xenophobicE：an anarchistic答案：BRecent research runs counter to the long-cherished notion that a small drop in body temperature during and after surgery is either _____ or actually protects the patient by slowing metabolism and reducing the body’s demand for blood and oxygen.A：beneficialB：immaterialC：inconsequentialD：preventiveE：prophylacticF：redundant答案：BCThe automation of many of the functions performed at the factory, although initially inspiring_____ in many of the company’s employees, has had none of the deleterious effects forecast either within or beyond the organization.A：indifferenceB：optimismC：ambitionD：arroganceE：trepidation答案：EOne thing both authors have in common is a striking amount of _____: they claim to know how massive institutions, some of them richly endowed, all of them central to American society and culture, should be reshaped.A：hubrisB：proprietyC：biasD：prescienceE：indolence答案：AMaking the shift to the 90-nanometer manufacturing process has been (i) _____for semiconductor companies. This process effectively doubles the manufacturing capacity of the industry, but it (ii)_____ enormous technical challenges because some components of the new semiconductor chips are no more than five to seven molecules thick.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：an unanticipated boon D：circumventsB：a routine accomplishment E：entailsC：a significant struggle F：resolves答案：CEThere has been (i) _____elephant’s fabled mental capacities until recently, when these behavioral observations have begun to be (ii) _____by brain science. MRI scans of an elephant’s brain suggest that even relative to its overall size it has a large hippocampus, the component in the mammalian brain linked to memory and an important part of its limbic system, which is involved in processing emotions.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：surprising credence given to D：buttressedB：a widespread dismissal of E：anticipatedC：only anecdotal evidence for F：overwhelmed答案：CDThe description of Green’s scholarship as (i)_____ is grossly misleading: while her research on interstellar particles is not especially novel, the conclusions she draws from her data are (ii)_____ .Blank (I)Blank (II)A：esoteric D：remarkably pioneeringB：tendentious E：dubiously supportedC：derivative F：strangely comforting答案：CDThe brain has become, for many people, _____ the biologicalmachinations of the self, and the self-knowledge promised by neuroscience has ignited a hunger to understand how new findings weigh in on age-old questions.A：tantamount toB：synonymous withC：implicated inD：divorced fromE：detached fromF：subservient to答案：ABIf you follow your intuition, you will more often than not err by misclassifying a random event as (i)_____. We are far too willing to (ii)_____ the belief that much of what we see in life is random.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：uncharacteristic D：countenanceB：systematic E：rejectC：arbitrary F：champion答案：BEWithin the culture as a whole, the natural sciences have been so successful that the word “scientific”is often used in (i)_____ manner: it is often assumed that to call something “scientific”is to imply that its reliability has been (ii)_____ by methods whose results cannotreasonably be (iii)_____.Blank (I)Blank (II)Blank (III)A：an ironic D：maligned G：exaggeratedB：a literal E：challenged H：anticipatedC：an honorific F：established I：disputed答案：CFIThe researcher found that in assessing others, many people hold an unconscious view that competence and warmth are (i)_____: when they perceive a person to be highly capable, they infer that he or she must have a tendency to be (ii)_____.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：equally important D：ambitiousB：mutually reinforcing E：unfeelingC：inversely related F：disingenuous答案：CEThe era’s examples of _____ that are cited by the author can be balanced in part by certain examples of dissent during the same period.A：diversityB：authoritarianismC：forbearanceD：volatilityE：lucidity答案：BThe researcher noted that microbes, although _____, make up far more of the living protoplasm on Earth than all humans, animals and plants combined.A：invisibleB：omnipresentC：diminutiveD：ubiquitousE：minusculeF：ethereal答案：CEAerial viewings of the gigantic stone horse attributed to the Native American Quechuan people fail to _____ the considerable artistry required to create the piece: the horse appears crudely constructed unless carefully examined from the ground.A：revealB：justifyC：manifestD：mitigateE：diminishF：undercut答案：ACHarper Lee’s narration in To Kill a Mockingbird is _____, mixing an adult’s and a child’s perspective according to no logic other than the immediate exigencies of the plot.A：a paradigmB：a hodgepodgeC：a modelD：an innovationE：a patchworkF：an embarrassment答案：BEChanges made to ecosystem in order to achieve a goal, such as food production or flood control, often _____ significant unforeseen trade-offs between other important products and service the ecosystems provide.A：predictB：delayC：foretellD：obscureE：yieldF：engender答案：EFThe (i)_____ of molecular oxygen on Earth-sized planets aroundother stars in the universe would not be (ii)_____ sign of life: molecular oxygen can be a signature of photosynthesis (a biotic process) or merely of the rapid escape of water from the upper reaches of a planetary atmosphere (an abiotic process).Blank (I)Blank (II)A：dearth D：a controversialB：presumption E：an unambiguousC：detection F：a possible答案：CEThe painter’s problem, like that of an author whose early literary masterpiece exhausts the themes it embodies, is how to_____his first highly acclaimed efforts with works of comparable significance and presence.A：combineB：illuminateC：realizeD：amendE：follow答案：ESince many African farmers face a soil fertility problem, providing funding for fertilizer seems_____ ; closer examination of the data raises some troubling questions, however.A：imprudentB：expensiveC：unimpeachableD：modernE：worrisome答案：CIn years prior to the Civil War, Philadelphia’s African American press encouraged readers to be vaccinated against the smallpox.This journalistic campain was initially (i)_____,appealing to readers’sense of communal duty, and became even more(ii)_____once the war started, as smallpox outbreaks began to occur on Philadelphia’s city skirts.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：hortatory D：controversialB：ineffective E：urgentC：widespread F：inopportune答案：AEA hallmark of certain nineteenth-century mystery novels was the reform agenda of their authors, who ostensibly sought to expose economic injustice while depicting the seamy underside of urban life. In reality, however,these claims to a radical political agenda were often (i)_____, meant to give lurid thrillers the appearance of (ii)_____.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：authentic D：escapist appealB：complicated E：high-minded purposeC：disingenuous F：gripping suspense答案：CEIt remains a mystery how Theobroma cacao, which scholars believe originated in lowland Amazonia, was introduced to tropical Mesoarnerica. It must have been a (i)_____process: cacao trees do not easily sprout from seed,need years to mature, and grow only in humid lowland forest. Moreover, in a tropical climate, cacao pods spoil quickly,rendering their transport from lowland Amazonia to tropical Mesoamerica in a single journey by foot or canoe (ii)_____.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：clandestine D：unlikelyB：protracted E：redundantC：spontaneous F：expeditious答案：BDUnlike some mammals—cows and sheep, for instance—that are notably _____, lions have a wide range of facial expressions.A：tractableB：impassiveC：solitaryD：socialE：sluggish答案：BThe research on otters’environmental requirements is surprisingly (i)_____. One reason for this has to do with the estimation of how much they use different areas. Doing so may be (ii)_____ in some kinds of terrain, such as Shetland where the Eurasian otters are active in daytime and have clear individual markings. There it is possible to identify the individuals over stretches of coast of a few kilometers and to see what kinds of coast they use. However, the field conditions are (iii)_____.Blank (I)Blank (II)Blank (III)A：straightforward D：quite problematic G：routineB：controversial E：relatively simple H：deceptiveC：difficult F：largely unnecessary I：exceptional答案：CEIEarly practitioners of the natural sciences developed methods to remove distortions caused by either the research environment or the researcher. Such methods, especially with respect to the researcher, were considered to (i)_____ those (ii)_____ subjectivity whose unbridled expression was thought to (iii)_____ research.Blank (I)Blank (II)Blank (III)A：restrain D：incursions of G：corruptB：reveal E：restrictions on H：justificationC：disguise F：acknowledgements of I：expedite答案：ADGAlthough one can adduce myriad of examples of ecosystem disruption by nonindigenous species, nevertheless most introduced species that survive in fact appear to have quite _____ effects on the ecosystem they have invaded.A：minimalB：triflingC：markedD：conspicuousE：intriguingF：deleterious答案：ABAt Cerro Portezuelo, the task of separating grinding tools from the larger collection of excavated stone objects was (i)_____ the ancient practice of recycling grinding tool fragments for building materials, hammer stones, and other purposes that (ii)_____ their original use.Blank (I)Blank (II)A：complicated by D：complementedB：important to E：obscuredC：independent from F：underscored答案：AEThe researcher noted that microbes, although _____, make up far more of the living protoplasm on Earth than all humans, animals and plants combined.A：invisibleB：omnipresentC：diminutiveD：ubiquitousE：minusculeF：ethereal答案：CEAerial viewings of the gigantic stone horse attributed to the Native American Quechuan people fail to _____ the considerable artistry required to create the piece: the horse appears crudely constructed unless carefully examined from the ground.A：revealB：justifyC：manifestD：mitigateE：diminishF：undercut答案：ACHarper Lee’s narration in To Kill a Mockingbird is _____, mixing anadult’s and a child’s perspective according to no logic other than the immediate exigencies of the plot.A：a paradigmB：a hodgepodgeC：a modelD：an innovationE：a patchworkF：an embarrassment答案：BEChanges made to ecosystem in order to achieve a goal, such as food production or flood control, often _____ significant unforeseen trade-offs between other important products and service the ecosystems provide.A：predictB：delayC：foretellD：obscureE：yieldF：engender答案：EFThe (i)_____ of molecular oxygen on Earth-sized planets around other stars in the universe would not be (ii)_____ sign of life: molecularoxygen can be a signature of photosynthesis (a biotic process) or merely of the rapid escape of water from the upper reaches of a planetary atmosphere (an abiotic process).Blank (I)Blank (II)A：dearth D：a controversialB：presumption E：an unambiguousC：detection F：a possible答案：CEOne of the peculiarities of humans is that we irrationally gravitate to the predictable and avoid risk, whatever the reasons for this _____, it is hardly a sound basis for dealing with complex, long-term problems A：eccentricityB：predilectionC：vacillationD：proclivityE：waveringF：cowardice答案：BDIn protoscientific (for example, in ancient Greece), claims about the physical world were often accepted as true if they were reasonable; experimental verification, if thought necessary at all, was _____.A：utilitarianB：perfunctoryC：egregiousD：empiricalE：inductive答案：BAlthough scientific progress leads to constant revision of ideas, one observation that has remained _____ over the years is that there are a lot of insects in the world: some 950,000 species have been identified.A：robustB：significantC：strongD：perplexingE：confoundingF：obscure答案：ACIn the discussions on international patent law, many (i)_____ issues will probably be pushed far into the future. This cautious approach makes diplomatic sense, since attempts over the past 15 years to reach international agreements on patents have (ii)_____ just such sensitive issuesBlank (I)Blank (II)A：contentious D：approachedB：stimulating E：articulatedC：subjective F：foundered on答案：AFIn the northeastern United States, beaver populations had been critically reduced or even _____ in large areas at the end of nineteenth century; as a result, several states instituted prohibitions on beaver trapping.A：diminishedB：extirpatedC：eliminatedD：devaluedE：weakenedF：underrated答案：BCViewing people as ‘’social atoms’’that obey rather simple rule (which are not unlike the laws of physics), one may discover certain (i)_____. Take, for example, the way channels emerge when people move in crowds. In the midst of initially (ii)_____ movements, one person begins to follow another—in an effort to avoid collisions—and streams of movement emerge. As more people join in, there is greater pull on others to join the flow, and the particular channels become (iii)_____.Blank (I)Blank (II)Blank (III)A：apparent contradictions D：inflexible G：self-defeatingB：unproductive tendencies E：straightforward H：self-aggrandizing C：lawlike regularities F：chaotic I：self-perpetuating答案：CFIGiven children’s active fantasy lives, one might think of truthfulness as (i)_____ virtue in young children, but it turns out that lying is the more (ii)_____ skill. A child who is going to lie must recognize the truth, intellectually conceive of an alternate reality, and be able to convincingly sell that new reality to someone else. Therefore, lying (iii)_____ cognitive development and social skills in a way that honesty simply does not.Blank (I)Blank (II)Blank (III)A：an instinctive D：advanced G：underminesB：an acquired E：practical H：forgoesC：a conscious F：mundane I：demands答案：BDIAfter rising continuously over the summer, commodity prices fell, leaving analyst wondering whether the downward trend is a turning point or merely a _____ before demand picks up in the winter months.A：spikeB：upsurgeC：harbingerD：portentE：lullF：respite答案：EFThe juxtaposition of fertile alluvial soils originating in the Andes with the infertile inland soils of central Amazon Basin is one example of _____ of the soil conditions that can be found in the tropics.A：intractabilityB：heterogeneityC：incompatibilityD：disparatenessE：instabilityF：fragility答案：BDHis new role gives the normally clownish actor achance to impress audiences with his (i)_____. He is among the most uninhibited comic performers around, but here he buttons his lip and stares straight ahead.Perhaps without quite knowing it, the audience waits for a wink, a hint that some of the (ii)_____ spirit that animated his previous movies might be lurking inside the (iii)_____ manner he presents in this film.Blank (I)Blank (II)Blank (III)A：raillery D：madcap G：facetiousB：effusiveness E：lugubrious H：reserved C：forbearance F：edifying I：beguiling答案：CDH。

英语证书考试美国研究生入学考试GRE模拟题2020年(8)_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

英语证书考试美国研究生入学考试（GRE）模拟题2020年(8)(总分100, 做题时间225分钟)阅读理解. ①**munities are dependent on plants for organic matter. ②Plants provide organic matter for **munities through the decomposition of leaf litter, by oozing nutrients from roots, or through other methods of deposition of **pounds into the soil environments. ③As a result of these diverse methods by which plants supply resources, unique**munities form under different plant species and under **munities that differ in composition. ④If a nonnative plan t species invades an above-**munity of flora and fauna, it can alter links between the native above-**munity and the below-ground **munity. ⑤For example, an invading nonnative plant could alter the quantity of leaf litter production, which would alter nutrient contributions to the soil.SSS_MULTI_SELAABBCC分值: 4答案:B,CB、C：植物给土壤提供资源的方式可以定位在第②句，选项B、C均可在这句话中找到对应。

2020年大陆地区GRE写作部分真题及答案

2020年大陆地区GRE写作部分真题及答案2020年3月18日Argument大陆地区考题。

题库第60题。

60. The following appeared in a letter from a firm providing investment advice for a client."Most homes in the northeastern United States, where winters are typically cold, have traditionally used oil as their major fuel for heating. Last heating season that region experienced 90 days with below-normal temperatures, and climate forecasters predict that this weather pattern will continue for several more years. Furthermore, many new homes are being built in the region in response to recent population growth. Because of these trends, we predict an increased demand for heating oil and recommend investment in Consolidated Industries, one of whose major business operations is the retail sale of home heating oil."Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.解析Step One文章共4句话，各自的核心意思是：1、美国东北部绝大部分家庭用燃油取暖;2、上个取暖季经历了90天低于常温的气候，以及未来将会持续若干年;3、此外，因为人口增长，很多新的房屋正在被建造;4、所以，我们预测燃油需求会增加以及投资C公司，它的业务之一是销售家庭用燃油。

GRE写作-ISSUE

ISSUE写作“1+5”写作模型：1个写作套路加上5种题目分析类型及各自相应的分析切入点。

从分析切入点着手，找到自己的写作思路，再整理出提纲和写作框架。

（1）1个写作套路指的是在文章的正文部分，分正反两个方面展开写作的行文思路或结构。

对所有题目，都可以有条件的同时支持和反对，从而两面兼顾，从两方面同时展开分析注：对于ISSUE作文，一定要从两方面来写（2）5种题目分析类型.A 因果类题目（通常蕴含或提出某种因果关系）切入点：这个因果关系推理中的原因是否成立；假设这个原因成立，能否推出结果？B 建议类题目（通常提出了某种解决问题的办法或建议）切入点：题目中的建议可行性如何；如果实施题目中的建议，是否会导致同初始目的相矛盾或其他荒谬的结果有无替代或折中方案C 是非类题目（提出或蕴含了某种好坏、是非的价值判断）切入点：这种价值判断的标准是什么？这种价值判断的标准是否值得修正？D 定义类（提出或蕴含了一个或多个定义）切入点：单纯类定义类题目：题目中的定义是否抓住了问题的本质；能否给出自己的、更为恰当的定义结合式定义类题目：能否给出自己的更为恰当的定义？E 事实类题目（指出一个或多个事实（非公认的，可反复证实或证伪的现象））切入点：能否从公认的原则或事实中推出相反的判断？能否举出反例。

注意事项：1、留意题中是否有逻辑陷阱（如偷换、以偏概全、有问题的假设等）2、留意题目中可同时归属不同类别，多角度分析3、文章的中心思想/论点一定是在有了正文的三个意群段之后，自然而然总结出来的。

4、对于套叠式多角度分析题目，学会多层次切入分析（3）运用该模型步骤：先提正，在求反，因人因题合、反、散。

步骤：1、拿到ISSUE题目，归具体题目类型2、可在某种角度/程度上，同意题目中的立场（先提正）3、从各类型题目各自的分析切入点入手，分析得出反对意见，修正题目所陈述的观点和体现的思路（在求反）4、结合具体题目的特点和自己对该题目的分析、驾驭能力，确定是将上面一正、一反两方面综合起来阐述（合：正反一起说），还是再提出一个对题目所持立场的反对意见来进行修正（反），或是从一个相关角度将问题发散开来阐述（散）5、最后，提出文章的中心思想/论点，即最后写。

GRE作文分类题库——ISSUE

一教育类1. A nation should require all its students to study the same nationalcurriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in differentparts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer.”2. While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areasattribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a societycan better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them asense of cooperation.3. In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college anduniversity level, all faculty should be required to spend time workingoutside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses theyteach.4. Universities should require every student to take a variety of coursesoutside the student’s field of study because acquiring knowledge ofvarious academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.5. Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music,film, advertising, and television because contemporaryculture has muchgreater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past.6. It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries toperpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears.7. Some educational systems emphasize the development of students’capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefitmore from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions.8. It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mindand the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain ourminds and spirits rather than set them free.9. How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society.Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can helpbring about a better society.10. Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools.Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professionaleducators.11. The purpose of education should be to provide students with a valuesystem, a standard, a set of ideas—not to prepare them for aspecific job.12. Society should identify those children who have special talents andabilities and begin training them at an early age so that they caneventually excel in their areas of ability. Othervise, these talents arelikely to remain undeveloped.13. Although innovations such as video, computers, and the internet seem tooffer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologiesall too often distract from real learning.二学习类1. We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share thanfrom people whose vies contradict our own. Disagreement can cause stressand inhibit learning.2. No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring theirknowledge and experience to that field of study.3. Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires realeffort and courage is to move in the opposite direction-in other words, tomake things as simple as possible.4. Students should memories facts only after they have studied the ideas,trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Studentswho havelearned only facts have learned very little.5. Scholars and researches should not be concerned with whether their workmakes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that theypursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic thoseinterests may seem.6. In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important torecognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquirenew facts and information.7. Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, ourinclinations, or the dictates of our passions.8. Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. Theyshould question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.9. There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observationis subjective; it is always guided by the observer’s expectations ordesires.10. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines areonly tools of human minds.11. Critical judgment of work, in any given field has littlevalue unlesscomes from someone who is an expert in that field.12. People who pursue their own intellectual interests for purely personalreasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are peoplewho try to act for the public good.13. Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thoughtbefore; it means putting old ideas together in new ways.14. The study of ac academic discipline alters the way we perceive theworld. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, butwith different eyes.15. The way students and scholars interpret the materials they work with intheir academic fields is more of personality than of training. Differentinterpretations come about when people with different personalities look atexactly the same objects, facts, data, or events and see different things.16. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible,but more complex and more mysterious.17. It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data.三行为类1. Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences ofcontemporary life are entirely harmless, they in fact, prevent people fromdeveloping into truly strong and independent individuals.2. Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expectpeople to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a publicrole, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy.3. Creating an appealing image has become more important in contemporarysociety than is the reality or truth behind that image.4. The concept of ‘individual responsibility’ is a necessary fiction.Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions,people’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.5. People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamworkrequires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individualcompetition does.6. In any realm of life-whether academic, social, business, or political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic,point of vies. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealisticviews tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediateoptions.7. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that wedefine ourselves.8. Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress.9. Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact isthat personal economic success requires conformity.10. People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are themost critical of it.11. No amount of information can eliminate prejudice because prejudice isrooted in emotion, not reason.12. The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability toremain consistently committed in pa r t i c u l a r p r i n c i p l e s a n d o b j e c t i v e s . A n y b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 0 " > l e a d e r w h o i s q u i c k l y a n d e a s i l y i n f l u e n c e d b y s h i f t s i n p o p u l a r o p i n i o n b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 1 " > w i l l a c c o m p l i s h l i t t l e . b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 2 " > 1 3 . S o m e t i m e s i m a g i n a t i o n i s a m o r e v a l u a b l e a s s e t t h a n e x p e r i e n c e . P e o p l e b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 3 " > w h o l a c k e x p e r i e n c e a r e f r e e t o i m a g i n e w h a t i s p o s s i b l e a n d t h u s c a n b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 4 " > a p p r o a c h a t a s k w i t h o u t c o n s t r a i n t s o f e s t a b l i s h e d h a b i t s a n d a t t i t u d e s . b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 5 " > 1 4 . I n a n y g i v e n f i e l d , t h e l e a d i n g v o i c e s c o m e f r o m p e o p l e w h o a r e b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 6 " > m o t i v a t e d n o t b y c o n v i c t i o n b u t b y t h e d e s i r e t o p r e s e n t op i n i o n s a n d i d e a s b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 7 " > t h a t d i f f e r f r o m t h o s e h e l d b y t h e m a j o r i t y . b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 8 " > 1 5 . I t i s a l w a y s a n i n d i v i d u a l w h o i s t h e i m p e t u s f o r i n n o v a t i o n ; t h e b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 9 " > d e t a i l s m a y b e w o r k e d o u t b y a t e a m , b u t t r u e i n n o v a t i o n r e s u l t s f r o m t h e b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 0 " > e n t e r p r i s e a n d u n i q u e p e r c e p t i o n o f a n i n d i v i d u a l . b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 1 " > 1 6 . S u c c e s s , w h e t h e r a c a d e m i c o r p r o f e s s i o n a l , i n v o l v e s a n a b i l i t y t o b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 2 " > s u r v i v e i n a n e w e n v i r o n m e n t a n d - - , e v e n t u a l l y , - - t o c h a n g e i t . b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 3 " > 1 7 . M o s t p e o p l e c h o o s e a c a r e e r o n t h e b a s i s o f s u c h p r a g m a t i c b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 4 " > c o n s i d e r a t i o n s a s t h e n e e d s o f t h e e c o n o m y , t h e r e l a t i v e e a s e o f f i n d i n g a b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 5 " > j o b , a n d t h e s a l a r y t h e y c a n e x p e c t t o m a k e . H a r d l y a n y o n e i s f r e e t o b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 6 " > c h o o s e a c a r e e r b a s e d o n h i s o r h e r n a t u r a l t a l e n t s o r i n t e r e s t i n a b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 7 " > p a r t i c u l a r k i n d o f w o r k . b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 8 " > 1 8 . I f a g o a l i s w o r t h y , t h e n a n y m e a n s t a k e n t o a t t a i n i t i s j u s t i f i a b l e . b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 9 " > 1 9 . P e o p l e o f t e n l o o k f o r s i m i l a r i t i e s , e v e n b e t w e e n v e r y d i f f e r e n t t h i n g s , b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 0 " > a n d e v e n w h e n i t i s u n h e l p f u l o r h a r m f u l t o d o s o . I n s t e a d , a t h i n g s h o u l d b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 1 " > b e c o n s i d e r e d o n i t s o w n t e r m s , w e s h o u l d a v o i d t h e t e n d e n c y t o c o m p a r e i t b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 2 " > t o s o m e t h i n g e l s e . b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 3 " > 2 0 . P e o p l e a r e m i s t a k e n w h e n t h e y a s s u m e t h a t t h e p r o b l e m s t h ey c o n f r o n t b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 4 " > a r e m o r e c o m p l e x a n d c h a l l e n g i n g t h a n t h e p r o b l e m s , f a c e d b y t h e i r b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 5 " > p r e d e c e s s o r s . T h u s i l l u s i o n i s e v e n t u a l l y d i s p e l l e d w i t h i n c r e a s e d b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 6 " > k n o w l e d g e a n d e x p e r i e n c e . b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 7 " > 2 1 . M o d e r a t i o n i n a l l t h i n g s i s i l l - c o n s i d e r e d a d v i c e . R a t h e r , o n e s h o u l d b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 8 " > s a y , M o d e r a t i o n s i s m o s t t h i n g s , s i n c e m a n y a r e a s o f h u m a n c o n c e r n b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 9 " > r e q u i r e o r a t l e a s t p r o f i t f r o m i n t e n s e f o c u s . b r b d s f i d = " 2 3 0 " > 2 2 . M o s t p e o p l e a r e t a u g h t t h a t l o y a l t y i s a v i r t u e . B u t l o y a l t y w h e t h e r b r b d s f i d = " 2 3 1 " > t o o n e s f r i e n d s , t o o n e s s c h o o l o r p l a c e o f e m p l o y m e n t , o r t o a n y b r b d s f i d = " 2 3 2 " > i n s t i t u t i o n i s a l l t o o o f t e n a d e s t r u c t i v e r a t h e r t h a n a p o s i t i v e f o r c e .。

GRE作文分类题库—ISSUE

GRE作文分类题库—ISSUE前言GRE作文是美国研究生入学考试中重要的组成部分，由于GRE作文在评分中占比较大的比重，因此考生需要在备考之前提前了解GRE作文的题目类型和考察方向，这样才可以有充分的准备和信心面对考试。

本文将为大家介绍GRE作文ISSUE题型，向大家展示常见的考察方向、题目模式以及一些备考建议。

什么是ISSUE题型？ISSUE题型是GRE作文中的一种常见题型，其主要考察考生对于某一主题的立场和看法，并要求考生在文章中提供足够的证据来支撑自己的观点，展示自己的逻辑和论述能力。

ISSUE题型通常包括以下三个要素：•题目陈述：题目会给出一个主观性较强的表述，要求考生就该表述发表自己的看法。

•分析要求：题目会就某一主题提出一系列问题，要求考生就这些问题进行分析。

•思考范围：题目会给出一个主题，要求考生就这一主题从多方面进行思考，并论述自己的观点。

在ISSUE题型中，考生需要将自己的观点和证据清晰表达出来，并表明自己对于该主题的态度和看法，同时，考生需要思考问题全面、立论充分、逻辑合理，并且给出具体和可行的实例。

常见的ISSUE题目类型ISSUE题目的主题比较广泛，测试考生在各种主题下进行思考和立论的能力。

以下列举一些常见的ISSUE题目类型，考生可以在此进行参考和备考，更好地为GRE作文ISSUE题型做好准备。

社会类1.人类生活是否需要个人道德的引导？2.社会上的贫富差距是否应得到重视？3.政府是否应该彻底取消福利制度？4.生育权是否应该在各国间得到保护？5.义务教育是否应该废除？政治类1.民主政治是否是当前的最佳选项？2.政府是否应该介入企业的内部管理？3.政府是否应该对教育进行干预？4.美国还需要维持其全球霸权地位吗？伦理类1.人类是否应该保护和维护环境？2.科技的发展是否应该因为道德原则受到限制？3.是否应该禁止人类克隆？教育类1.各国学生在智力和文化方面是否存在差异？2.在校学生是否应该得到免费的教育？3.考试和考试成绩是否是唯一的衡量学生能力的标准？4.在大学期间能否同时考虑工作和学业？上述问题不仅覆盖了政治、伦理、教育、社会等多个领域，而且这里展示的只是其中的部分，考生在掌握以上基本类型的基础上，需要进一步深入探究题目的推广方向，了解更多的考试内容。

2020年GRE模拟试题及答案(卷三)

2020年GRE模拟试题及答案（卷三）To call Kermode the finest English critic of his generation would be a ___ compliment, since not many of its population are professionally engaged in literary criticism.A. sincereB. backhandedC. paltryD. heartfeltE. meagerF. plausible选CE翻译：说K 是他这一代最好的英语作品批评家不算谬赞，因为该地区专门从事文学批评的人就不多。

sincere (感情、行为等)真诚的，(人)诚实直率的backhanded (体育)反手击的，拐弯抹角的，不直接的paltry 微不足道的，不重要的，无价值的，可鄙的heartfelf 衷心的，诚挚的meager 不足的，缺乏的，贫乏的，瘦的plausible 看似真实的，看上去想那么回事的，花言巧语的，口惠而实不至的解这道题，最大的障碍可能在于如何理解compliment 这个词。

compliment【MWC】an expression of esteem, respect, affection, or admiration especially : an admiring remark .【AHD】An expression of praise, admiration, or congratulation.恭维：赞美、羡慕或祝贺的表达方式【牛津高阶双解】expression of praise, admiration, approval, etc赞美﹑敬佩﹑赞成等的表示你当然不能说这样的解释有什么错，但下面这条解释无疑捅破了这层窗户纸。

【柯林斯高阶】A compliment is a polite remark that you say to someone to show that you like their appearance, appreciate their qualities, or approve of what they have done.compliment(s) 是一种礼貌性的说法，它意味着这种夸赞对方的话，有可能是真的，也可能是假的、虚的、社交场合的。

2024年GRE考试写作：Issue2

GRE考试写作：Issue 142 2
Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can now become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon become obsolete.
Admittedly, when many people question authority some societal harm might result, even if a social cause is worthy. Mass resistance to authority can escalate to violent protest and rioting, during which innocent people are hurt and their property damaged and destroyed. The fallout from the 1992 Los Angeles riots aptly illustrates this point. The authority which the rioters sought to challenge was that of the legal justice system which acquitted police officers in the beating of Rodney King. The means of challenging that authority amounted to flagrant disregard for criminal law on a mass scale--by way of looting, arson, and even deadly assault. This violent challenge to authority resulted in a financially crippled community and, more broadly, a turning back of the clock with respect to racial tensions across America.

GREIssue写作范文详细解析汇总

GREIssue写作范文详细解析汇总Issue写作范文详细解析TopicThe Trash-Site Safety Council has recently conducted a statewide study ofpossible harmful effects of garbage sites on the health of people living nearthe sites. A total of five sites and 300 people were e_amined. The studyrevealed, on average, only a small statistical correlation between the pro_imityof homes to garbage sites and the incidence of une_plained rashes among peopleliving in these homes. Furthermore, although it is true that people living nearthe largest trash sites had a slightly higher incidence of the rashes, there wasotherwise no correlation between the size of the garbage sites and people shealth. Therefore, the council is pleased to announce that the currentsystem ofgarbage sites does not pose a significant health hazard. We see no need torestrict the size of such sites in our state or to place any restrictions on thenumber of homes built near the sites.Sample EssayIn this argument, the council comes to the conclusion that the currentsystem of garbage sites does not pose a significant health hazard and thattherefore, there is no need to restrict the size of the garbage sites or thenumber of homes built near the site. To support this conclusion, the councilcites a study of five garbage sites and three hundred people that showed only asmall correlation between the closeness of the homes to the sites and theincidence of une_plained rashes among those people living there. Additionally,the council came to this conclusion despite the fact that people livingnear thelargest such site had a slightly higher incidence of the rashes. This argumentsuffers from several critical weaknesses in logic and information presented.First of all, the members of the Trash-Site Safety Council are notlisted, which could make a big difference in the believability of the study.Atruly independent council could produce results that could be considered muchmore reliable than one with members with possible conflicts of interest.However, if the council were made up mainly of people who have an interest infinding that there is no problem with the trash sites - homebuilders or citycouncilmen, for e_ample - then the study would lack some credibility. Withoutknowing the backgrounds and priorities of the council members, the argument isgreatly weakened.Secondly, this was cited as a statewide study, but only five sites andthree hundred people were studied. Although on average there was only a smallstatistical correlation shown between the nearness of the trash sites and thehomes and people who lived in them, the margin of error could be quite large dueto studying only a small sample of people that live near the trash sites in thestate. It would be much more persuasive were a large majority of the homes andpeople near trash sites studied rather than merely a small percentage. Furthermore, the study cites only une_plained rashes as a health-relatedproblem with some statistical correlation. The presence or absence of othertypes of health problems is not mentioned in the study. It could be that therewere other, perhaps not immediately noticeable health problems such ascanceraffecting the people living near the sites. Additionally, the study appears tocover only one moment in time, or at least the duration of the study is notdiscussed. Perhaps there are long-term effects that cannot be discovered by astudy conducted over a short period of time. This weakens the argument byleaving out information that could help to persuade the reader one way oranother.To add to the lack of credibility, the study does not discuss the relativesize of the garbage sites or how close the homes and people were to the sites.There is really no data present to allow a proper decision to be maderestricting the size of the sites or how close the homes could be located nearthe trash sites. At the very least, the fact that there is a slightly higherincidence of rashes in those living nearest the biggest trash sites indicates aneed for further studies to prove or disprove the idea that trash sites of acertain size or location are health hazards.In summary, the findings and conclusions of the Trash-Site Safety Councilare based mainly on speculation and a small amount of indicative data. Thedisclosure of the council members motives, the study of a larger sample of thepopulation and trash sites, and further information on other types of healthproblems and relative nearness of the homes and people to the trash sites wouldgive a much better argument either for or against restrictions on the suchsites.(640 words)[题目]垃圾场安全委员会最近在全州范围内进行了一项调查,旨在研究垃圾场对居住在附近的居民的身体有可能产生的有害影响.被调查的有五座垃圾场以及300多位居民.研究表明,平均而言,居所紧挨着垃圾场这一事实与这些居所中所居住人口发生的无法解释的疹子之间,仅存在着一种微弱的数据关系.此外,虽然居住在最大的垃圾场附近的居民发疹的程度略高这一事实属实,但在其他方面,垃圾场的大小与人们的健康之间毫无关系.因此,委员会可以甚为欣慰地宣布,目前这套垃圾场体制并不会对健康构成一项重大危险.我们认为毫无必要去限制本州内这类垃圾场的规模,也没有必要去限制垃圾堆附近所建造的房屋数量.[范文正文]在本段论述中,委员会得出结论,认为目前的垃圾场体制并没有对健康构成一种重大危险,因此,毫无必要去限制垃圾场的规模或垃圾场周围的住房数量.为了支持这一结论,委员会援引了针对五所垃圾场和300位居民所作的一项研究,据此证明在住房紧挨着垃圾场与居住在那里的人中间所发生的难以名状的疹子之间仅存微弱的关联.此外,委员会在得出这一结论时,全然无视这样一个事实,即居住在这类最大的垃圾场附件的人发病的机率略高.论述在逻辑思路和呈示的信息方面不乏某些关键性的弱点.其一, 垃圾场安全委员会的成员没有被清楚列举出来,这一点可令该研究的可信度产生巨大的差异.一个完全独立的委员会所提出的结论,会被视为比一个成员间可能存在着利害关系冲突的委员会所得出的结论可信度高.但是,如果组成该委员会的成员所感兴趣的仅仅是去揭示出垃圾场不存在问题——例如象房地产开发商或市政厅议员,那么,该项研究会失去某些可信度.如果对委员会成员的背景以及他们所优先考虑的问题一无所知,则本段论述倍遭削弱.其二,所作的研究据称是涵盖整个州的,但被调查的仅有五座垃圾场和300位居民.尽管平均而论,垃圾场的近距离与住所以及与居住在这些房屋内的人之间存在一丝微弱的联系,但由于所研究的仅是该州内居住在垃圾场附近的很小一批人口样本,故误差程度可能会相当的严重.如果在所有垃圾场附近的人和住所当中,有大部分的居民和住所得以被研究,而不只是一个很小的百分比的话,那么,所作的调查将更具说服力.此外,该研究仅援引难以名状的疹子作为与健康相关的.带有一定统计学关系的问题.该研究没有提及其他类别的健康问题存在与否.情况有可能是,还存在着其他类型的.或许不是那么昭然若揭的健康问题,例如癌症,正影响着居住在这些垃圾场附近的人们.再有,该研究所涵盖的似乎只是一小段时间,或者至少该研究的时间跨度不曾得到讨论.也许,有些长远影响决非是一份只在短期内进行的研究所能涵盖得了的.这一点再度削弱了本段论述,因为可以使读者信服的信息被疏忽了.使可信度进一步受损的是,该研究没有讨论各垃圾场的相对规模,也没讨论住房和居民离垃圾场到底有多近.实际上,一点都没有数据来允许人们作出一种恰当的判断,是否应该去限制垃圾场的规模,也没讨论住房与垃圾场之间相隔多远才算安全距离.至少,在那些居住在最靠近最大的垃圾场的人身上疹子的发生率略高这一事实表明,有必要进行更深入的研究,以证明或驳倒某种规模或某种位置的垃圾场会对健康构成危害这一想法.概括而论,垃圾场安全委员会的研究发现和研究结论所主要依据的是揣测和数量有限的说明数据.如能揭示出委员会成员的动机,研究为数更多的人口和垃圾场样本,就其他类别的健康问题以及住房和居民应与垃圾场之间保持怎样的相对距离提供更进一步的信息的话,那么,作者便能作出更为充分的论述,无论是赞成还是反对对垃圾场实施限制.Issue写作范文详细解析IssueSome educational systems emphasize the development of student s capacityfor reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from aneducation that also taught them to e_plore their own emotions.Sample EssayThe ability of a student to think clearly using reasoning and logicalthinking is of paramount importance in order to ensure his or her success as anindividual after graduation from a university. To be able to look at a situationand use logic and reason to analyze the facts and develop an opinion or solutionis to have a solid foundation for success in all aspects of life. E_ploringone s emotions is important, but it is outside of the realm of what can belearned in a university classroom. Emotional self-e_ploration is best doneoutside of a classroom situation, although there may be some opportunity forstudents in the classroom to learn a methodology for doing so.The ability to survive and thrive in a society is based on the assumptionthat human beings act according to reason and logic. From a very early age, mostpeople are taught that certain actions will bring about certain reactions, andthat by using logic you can figure out what the response will be in mostsituations. Reasoning is also developed early on, although sometimes it isdifficult to e_plain reasoning to a two-year old. Humans are probably born witha desire for reason and logic, as demonstrated by almost any child s incessantasking of the question Why? . To understand the underlying reasons whysomething happens is a fundamental part of human nature, proven by the e_ploitsof e_plorers, scientists and mathematicians over the course of humanhistory.As a result, the basic framework of most forms of human society requiresthat a person must act according to the demands of reason and logic. Rules oflaw are based on the concept that individuals respond to rules based on reasoning and logic. The ability to think according to logic and reasonis soimperative that it is essential that it be taught to university students at eventhe highest levels. What if law schools and medical schools decided that it wasmore important to allow students to e_plore their own emotions at thee_pense oflearning the latest laws or medical techniques? Perhaps one course could betaught to help students to deal with the emotional demands of being a lawyer ora tor, but to train students to e_plore their own emotions at the e_pense oflearning about logical and reasonable thinking would be to invite catastrophe insociety.One of the main problems with emphasizing to students the importance ofe_ploring one s own emotions is that it creates a me first attitude towardstheir studies. Certainly a degree of self-introspection is necessary to dealwith society, but to put emphasis on this above all else is to inculcate in thestudent the idea that he or she is more important than others, and that what heor she thinks matters a great deal more than it probably does in reality. Toomuch emotional self-e_ploration could create individuals who see their emotionsas more important than what they contribute to society, which would damage thatsociety as a whole.A certain amount of self-introspection into one s emotions is probablyhelpful to the development of a student as an overall person. Usually this kindof activity is e_plored fully in basic psychology classes that most students arerequired to take at university. Basic courses in sociology and psychology aswell as other humanities courses give students plenty of opportunity to e_ploretheir own emotions. Rather than teaching students how to e_plore their ownemotions, it would seem to be a better idea to teach students how to deal withthese emotions. Only by instructing students in reasoning and logic can theylearn how to apply whatever inner emotions they may have to becoming asuccessful member of a society.观点陈述型作文/[题目]有些教育强调发展学生的逻辑和思维能力,但一种也能教学生去探索其自我情感的教育,可使学生们获益更多.[范文正文]一个学生运用逻辑推理和思维进行清晰的思索,这一能力对于这位学生大学以后的个人成功具有至高无上的重要性.能够审视某一特定情形,应用逻辑和理性,对事实展开分析,并形成观点或解决方法,这对于在生活中的任何方面获得成功,都能奠定一个坚实的基础.探索个人的情感无疑是重要的,但它外在于大学课堂的教学范围.个人情感探索最好是在课堂情景之外的地方来完成,虽然学生在课堂内可能有机会学到这样做的某种方法.在社会中得以生存和飞黄腾达,这一能力基于这样一个前提,即人类须按照理性和逻辑来行动.从孩提时代起,大多数人就被告知,自己的某些行为会造成他人的某些反应,通过应用逻辑分析,你就能推断在大多数情形中他人的反应会是什么样的.推理的能力在小时候也得以培养起来,尽管有时候向一个2岁的小孩解释推理甚为困难.人类对于理性和逻辑的欲望可能生而有之,举例来说,几乎任何一个孩子都会为什么……? 地问个没完.要弄懂事情发生的基本原因是人性的一个基本部分,这一点可从人类历史进程中探险家.科学家和数学家们的功绩中得以证明.由此看来,大多数形式的人类社会的基本架构要求人们按照理性和逻辑的要求行事.法律的规则基于这样一个概念,即个人须遵循基于逻辑和理性思维的规则.必须按逻辑和理性来思索,这一能力是如此至关重要,以至于即使处在最高层次上的大学生,也必须被授以这一能力.试想一下,如果法学院或医学院认为,让学生去探索其情感,而放弃学习最新的法律和医疗技术,其结果将会怎样?或许,可以开设一门课来帮助学生处理当律师或大夫的情感要求.但是,以学习逻辑和推理思维为代价,训练学生去探索其情感,这意味着在社会中招致灾难.向学生强调探索其情感重要性,这一做法的诸多主要问题之一是,它会造成学生对其学习产生一种唯我独尊的心态.当然,一定程度上的自我反省对于和社会打交道是必要的,但将它凌驾于其他一切之上将会在学生的内心灌输这样一种理念,即他(她)要比他人更为重要,他(她)的想法极为重要,而实际上或许并非如此.过多的自我情感探索所造就的将是这样一些个人,他们会将其情感视为比他们对社会的贡献更为重要,而这于整个社会都是有害的.一定程度上的对个人情感的自我反省或许有助于学生整体人格的发展.一般而言,这种活动大多数学生在大学期间必须选择的心理学基础课程中可得到充分探索.社会学和心理学的基础,以及其他人文学科的课程,赋予学生大量的机会去探索其个人情感.相对于去教授学生如何去探索其个人情感,教授学生如何去处理这些情感或许更为有益.只有通过教育学生提高其逻辑推理和分析能力,才能使学生学会去应用他们所拥有的任何内心情感,去成为社会的成功一员.Issue写作范文详细解析As people grow older, an enzyme known as PEP increasingly breaks downtheneuropeptide chemicals involved in learning and memory. But now, researchershave found compounds that prevent PEP from breaking neuropeptides apart. Intests, these compounds almost completely restored lost memory in rats. The useof these compounds should be e_tended to students who have poor memory anddifficulty in concentrating-and therefore serious problems in schoolperformance. Science finally has a solution for problems neither parents norteachers could solve.In this argument, the arguer states that researchers have found compoundsthat keep an enzyme known as PEP from breaking neuropeptides apart, which areknown to be involved in learning and memory. The arguer states that tests haveshown that these compounds almost completely restored lost memory in rats, andthat therefore, these compounds should be administered to students with poormemory and difficulty in concentrating. This argument is unconvincing because itcontains several critical flaws in logic.First of all, the arguer states that as people grow older, PEP breaks downthe neuropeptide chemicals that are involved in learning and memory. It is truethat generally, as people get older, they tend to have more problems withlearning and memory. However, there is no direct link mentioned between thebreaking down of the neuropeptide chemicals and the loss of learning ability ormemory. Additionally, the arguer mentions neuropeptide chemicals that are brokendown by PEP. What the researchers have found is a compound that preventsneuropeptides from breaking apart. These are two different physical actions: thebreaking down of neuropeptide chemicals as opposed to the breaking apart of theneuropeptides themselves. Furthermore, it is not stated which of these physicalactions is involved with the loss of learning ability and memory. It is note_plicitly stated that the breaking down of chemicals causes a loss in learningability and memory, only that this happens as people grow older. It is also note_pressly stated whether the breaking apart of the neuropeptides themselvescauses memory loss or a lessened learning ability. Without showing a direct linkbetween the effect of keeping the neuropeptides from breaking apart and areduction in the loss of memory and learning ability, the efficacy of thecompounds is called into question.Secondly and most obviously, the compounds were only tested on rats. Ratsmay have a similar genetic structure to humans, but they are most certainly notthe same as humans. There may be different causes for the learning and memoryproblems in rats as opposed to that of humans. The effect of the compounds onrats may also be very different from their effect on human beings. It is absurdin the e_treme to advocate giving these compounds to students, even assumingthat they would help the students with their studies, without conducting furtherstudies assessing the compounds overall effects on humans. The argument failson this particular fact if for no other reason.Additionally, the arguer begins his or her argument by stating that aspeople grow older , PEP breaks down the neuropeptide chemicals involvedinlearning and memory. At the end of the argument, the arguer advocatese_tendingthe compounds that prevent PEP from breaking neuropeptides apart to students whohave poor memory and difficulty in concentrating. Students are generally young,not older people. There is no evidence presented that shows what actually causesstudents to have a poor memory or difficulty in concentrating. Indeed, it ismore likely that it is e_tracurricular activities or a lack of sleep that causessuch problems in students, not a problem associated with aging. It is highlyunlikely that even if the stated compounds could help prevent the memory lossand decreased learning ability associated with aging that it would have anybenefits for students.In summary, the arguer fails to convince with the argument as presented. Tostrengthen the argument, the arguer must show a direct link between the breakingapart of neuropeptides and loss of memory and learning ability. Additionally, heor she must show that students poor memory and difficulty in concentrating is aresult of the same process, and that the researcher s compounds would have asbeneficial an effect on humans as it seems to have on rats.(633 words)[题目]随着人们日渐衰老,一种被称为PEP的酶会不断地分解学习与记忆过程中所涉及到的神经肽化学物.但现在,研究人员已发现了可阻止PEP致使神经肽分裂的化合物.在测试中,这些化合物几乎在老鼠身上能完全恢复缺失的记忆.这些化合物的运用应该也推广到记忆力衰弱或专注力有困难的学生身上,不然将会造成学业表现上的严重问题.科学终于解决了那些令家长和老师束手无策的问题.[范文正文]在本段论述中,论述者指出,研究人员已发现了某些化合物,可以阻止一种被称为PEP的酶的物质将神经肽予以分解,而神经肽则是学习和记忆过程中所需涉及到的物质.论述者还宣称,检测结果表明,这些化合物几乎完全恢复了老鼠身上缺失的记忆.因此这些化合物应该让那些记忆力差和难于集中注意力的学生服用.这段论述缺乏说服力,因为它包含着某些逻辑推理方面甚为严重的缺陷.首先,论述者称,随着人们渐趋衰老,PEP会分解学习和记忆过程中所涉及的神经肽化学物.确实,随人们渐趋衰老,他们往往会在学习和记忆方面遭遇诸多问题.但是,在神经肽化学物的分解以及学习能力与记忆力丧失之间,却没有提到任何直接的联系.除此之外,论述者提及被PEP所分解的几种神经肽化学物.但研究人员所发现的只是一种可阻止神经肽不致于分裂的化合物.这是两种不同性质的物理作用:神经肽化学物的分解有别于神经肽自身的分裂.此外,原论述并未陈述这两种物理作用中的那一种与学习能力和记忆能力的丧失相涉.论述者没有明确陈述化学物的分解导致了学习能力和记忆能力的丧失,而只是陈述这种情形只是随着人们日趋年迈而发生.原论述中也没有确切地陈述神经肽自身的分裂是否会导致记忆缺失或学习能力下降.如果无法在阻止神经肽分裂所能产生的作用与减少记忆能力和学习能力丧失之间证明某种直接的联系,那么,化合物的效用将令人质疑.第二,也是极为明显地,化合物只是在老鼠身上进行了测试.虽然老鼠与人类具有类似的基因结构,但它们无论如何并不等同于人类.对于学习和记忆问题,老鼠所遇到的原因很可能全然不同于人类所遇到的原因.在没有作进一步的研究来估评化合物对人类所产生的总体效果的情况下,就去提倡将这些化合物供学生服用,甚至假设它们有助于学生提高其学习效果,这实乃荒.唐至极.即使不是出于其他原因的话,就这一特定事实本身,该段论述根本就站不住脚.进一步而言,论述者在其论述的开始陈述道, 随着人们渐趋衰老 ,PEP会将学习和记忆过程中所涉及的神经肽化学物进行分解.在论述的结尾之处,论述者倡导将那些可阻止PEP致使神经肽分裂的化合物推广至那些记忆力和专注力差的学生身上.学生普遍而言都是年轻人,而不是老年人.论述者没有拿出任何证据来证明究竟是什么原因实际导至学生们记忆力和专注力下降.较有可能的是,是那些课外活动,或缺少充足的睡眠,导致了学生身上的这些问题.即使所提及的那些化合物真的有助于防止与衰老相关的记忆缺失问题和学习能力下降问题,它们也极不可能也能为学生带来任何的裨益.总而言之,论述者没能用其提出的论据来说服我们.若要使其论述在逻辑上成立,论述者必须在神经肽的分裂与记忆能力和学习能力的缺失之间证明某种直接的联系.此外,论述者必须证明学生记忆能力差和注意力难以集中均是同一过程造成的,并且研究人员所发现的化合物对人类所产生的效果会对老鼠似乎所产生的效果同样的好.GRE Issue写作范文详细解析汇总。

GRE英语作文分类题库—ISSUE

GRE英语作文分类题库—ISSUE简介在GRE考试中，Issue是指议题写作，与Argument类似都是GRE Analytical Writing的一部分，需要候选人对给出的话题进行阐述和分析。

Issue是更具有主观性的考试内容，需要候选人充分表达自己的观点，谈及丰富的经验和事例支持论证，并且要注意措辞合理、思路清晰、结构紧凑。

在本文档中，我们将提供一些Issue题库，这些议题涵盖了社会科学、艺术、哲学等多个领域，通过研究这些经典话题，准备GRE写作中的Issue将变得更加得心应手。

Issue题库社会科学Politic and Government1. A government should invest funds in the arts to ensure that it canflourish and be available to all people.2.Some people claim that political decision-making process indemocracies is too slow to response to climate changes. Do you agree ordisagree?3.The government should provide healthcare to all citizens regardlessof their ability to pay for it.Education4.The purpose of college or university education is to help students tosucceed in future career. Do you agree or disagree?5.The function of education is to teach one to think intensively andcritically. Do you agree or disagree?6.Some people believe that the most important goal of education is tohelp people to learn to be happy on their own. Do you agree or disagree?Culture7.The most important way to preserve ancient historical sites is to makethem available to the public, to have them constantly used and thus alive.8.Museums and art galleries should focus on the works of art that arerepresentative of the cultural history of their own country rather than theworks of art that are from different parts of the world.9.It is important for people to celebrate the ceremonies and festivals oftheir own culture rather than those of other cultures.艺术Music and Film10.Artistic disciplines, such as music, theater, and film, are valuable onlywhen they contribute to the larger society.11.The purpose of music is to make us feel good. Do you agree ordisagree?12.The best way to appreciate music is simply to listen to it.Literature and Writing13. A person should never make an important decision alone.14.The best way to learn about life is through personal experience.15.Argue for and/or against the use of digital devices in literary analysis.哲学Morality and Ethics16.Morality depends on the individual.17.The ultimate goal of human beings is not happiness, but knowledge.18.To be an ethical person, one must take into consideration the contextof the situation.Knowledge and Reasoning19.Innovation should always be welcomed, even if it is leading towardsunethical practices.cation is more than simply acquiring knowledge; it is aboutlearning to think for oneself.21.The ultimate goal of philosophical inquiry is not knowledge, but action.总结以上便是我们为大家提供的GRE英语写作的Issue题库，这些话题涵盖了众多领域，如政治、文化、教育、艺术和哲学等。

GRE考试作文ISSUE部分真题上

这篇关于留学外语考试，是特地为大家整理的，希望对大家有所帮助！Present your perspective on the issue below, using relevant reasons and/or examples to support your views.1、"We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own."; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."------------------------------2、"No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."------------------------------3、"A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer."------------------------------4、"The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records."------------------------------5、"It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public."------------------------------6、"Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is prim arily in cities that a nation’s cultural traditions are preserved and generated."------------------------------7、"All nations should help support the development of aglobal university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world’s mos t persistent social problems."------------------------------8、"Many of the world’s lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct."------------------------------9、"Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, they in fact, prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals."------------------------------10、"Most cultures encourage individuals to sacrifice a large part of their own personalities in order to be like other people. Thus, most people are afraid to think or behave differently because they do not want to be excluded."------------------------------11、"There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."------------------------------12、"Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction---in other words, to make things as simple as possible."------------------------------13、"Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society’s past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations,modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served."------------------------------14、"Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little."------------------------------15、"Unfortunately, the media tend to highlight what is sensational at the moment. Society would be better served if the media reported or focused more fully on events and trends that will ultimately have the most long-term significance."------------------------------16、"Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy."------------------------------17、"The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people’s efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time."------------------------------18、"Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial."------------------------------19、"Creating an appealing image has become more important in contemporary society than is the reality or truth behind that image."------------------------------20、"Most of the people we consider heroic today were, in fact, very ordinary people who happened to be in the right place at the right time."。

GRE作文分类题库－ISSUE（２）

五科技类1. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increasepeople’s efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time.2. Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even whenthe results of that research are controversial.3. Humanity has made little real progress over the past century or so.Technological innovations have taken place, but the overall condition ofhumanity is no better. War, violence, and poverty are still with us.Technology cannot change the condition of humanity.4. When research priorities are being set for science, education, or anyother area, the most important question to consider is : How many people’slives will be improved if the results are successful.5. The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of arts is to upset.Therein lies the value of each.6. Technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten ordamage the quality of life.7. Most important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usuallywhile seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer toanother.六传媒类1. In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it oncewas. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by readingbooks.2. The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy aproduct so that they will ‘be like’ the person in the ad. This practiceis effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feelbetter about themselves.3. Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can nowbecome familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As aresult, tourism will soon become obsolete.4. High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail andtelevision, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication.5. In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for asociety to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone whois subjectied to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.七社会类1. Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology,fortune-telling, andpsychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfyinghuman needs that are not addressed by mainstream science.2. Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect-that is, onreasoning and other cognitive skills.3. It is through the use of logic and of precise, careful measurement thatwe become aware of our progress. Without such tools, we have no referencepoints to indicate how far we have advanced or retreated.4. At various times in the geological past, many species have becomeextinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, thereis no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especiallyat a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.5. The absence of choices is a circumstance that is very, very rake.6. What society has thought to be it greatest social, political, andindividual achievements have often resulted in the greatest discontent.7. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people questionauthority.8. Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One mustchoose betweenthem.9. The only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they staywithin the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies.10. Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legalsystem because moral behavior cannot be legislated.11. Scandals—whether in politics, academia, or other areas—can be useful.They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformerever could.12. Practicality is now our great ideal, which all powers and talents mustserve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today’s world.13. It is easy to welcome innovation and accept new ideas. What most peoplefind difficult, however, is accepting the way these new ideas are put intopractice.14. The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine thecharacter of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes orits heroines.15. Progress is best made through discussion among peoplewho havecontrasting points of vies.八历史类1. The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record ofcontemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentationthan written records.2. Most people would agree that building represent a valuable record of anysociety’s past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on groundthat modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In suchsituations, modern development should be given precedence over thepreservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served.3. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live afterthem, not by their contemporaries.4. The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The mostsignificant events and trends in history were made possible not by thefamous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long beenforgotten.5. The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant toour daily lives.6. When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we becomestorytellers. Becauses we can never know the past directly but mustconstruct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of acreative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians arestorytellers.7. So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understandingof the past provides little guidance for living in the present.8. The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusionthat people in one period of time are significantly different from peoplewho lived at any other time in history.。

GRE 写作题库 ISSUE题库

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.
A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.
Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.
Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.