Book 3 Unit 1 同步讲解重点讲解

Book 3 Unit 1 难句解析
1. On the important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. (P2)
此结构为“with + 宾语（bones）+ 补语（on them)”，on them是介词短语在with 复合结
构中作补语。

除此以外作补语的还有形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式等。

如：With the boy helping us, we had no difficulty finding the way out. 有了这个男孩
的帮助，我们毫不费力的找到了出路。

With many things to deal with, I have to stay up late tonight. 有许多事情要处理，
今晚，我只好熬夜了。

【练习】完成句子:
1) Don’t go out to play ____________ (作业没做完）.
2) He went to sleep ____________ (开着灯).
2. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbors’home to ask for sweets. (P2)
when是关系副词，代替先行词festival在句中作时间状语，相当于during which。

当先行
词是表示时间的名词时，定语从句的引导词用when还是that / which主要看这个关系代词
在从句中充当什么成分。

若作宾语或表语，要用关系代词that或which；若作状语，则要
用when。

如：
The earthquake happened in 1976 which I’ll never forget. 这场地震发生在1976年，
这一年我永远难忘。

The earthquake happened in 1976 when I was only two years old. 这场地震发生在1976年，那时我才两岁。

【练习】用when, that, which 填空：
3) I often think of that summer ____________ we studied in Singapore.
4) I’ll never forget the day ____________ we spent together.
3. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. (P2)
one为不定代词，用以代替前面提到的那一类人或物中的一个（可数名词）；若代指复数名
词用ones。

而it用于指代上文提到的那个表示物的名词本身，既可以是单数可数名词，也
可以是不可数名词。

如：
I don’t have a dictionary but I’m going to buy one. 我没有词典可是我准备去买一本。

I have a tape-recorder. My uncle gave it to me. 我有一部录音机。

它是我叔叔送给我的。

【练习】用it 或one 填空：
5) The milk is so hot that I can’t drink ______ now.
6) A good writer is ______ who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way.
4. There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling, “Why are you so late? I’ve been waiting for you for a long time!”(P7)
Have / has been doing... 是完成进行时，表示动作发生在过去一直延续到现在有可能刚
刚结束，也有可能继续延续下去。

如：
He is ill. He has been in bed for three weeks. 他病了，已经卧床三个星期了。

It has been raining for two days. The river is overflowing now. 已经下了两天的雨，
小河都涨水了。

【练习】完成句子：
7) You are so late. We ____ ________ (我们一直在等你) for a whole hour.
8) For years ______________ (我们一直梦想得到) better housing and jobs.
参考答案
1） with your homework unfinished
2） with the light on 3） when 4） that / which 5） it
6）one 7） have been waiting for you 8） we have been dreaming of
Book 3 Unit 1重点单词精讲
1. belief n.
1) 相信，信任
I had no belief that you did it. 我不相信你做了这件事。

2) 信念，看法
My belief is that the visiting team will lose. 我看客队会输。

3) 信仰
That man has a strong belief in God. 那个男子虔诚地信仰上帝。

【拓展】 believe v. 相信，认为真实；believer n. 信徒；believable adj. 可相信的，可信任的；unbelievable adj. 令人难以置信的。

【常见搭配】 religious / political belief宗教 / 政治信仰；in the belief that 信仰……、相信……；beyond belief (因太大、太难、太可怕等)难以置信；to the best of one’s belief / knowledge尽其所知(不一定有把握)；believe in信任(某人)。

2. trick n. ＆ vt.
1) [C] n. ①诡计，骗局，花招
He got into the castle by a trick. 他耍了个花招混进了城堡。

②恶作剧
Don’t be serious; it’s only a trick. 别太认真了，这只不过是个恶作剧而已。

③戏法，把戏
Magicians often perform tricks such as pulling a rabbit out of a hat. 魔术师常常变像从帽子抓出兔子这样的戏法。

2) vt. 欺骗，诈骗
They managed to trick me into making a mistake. 他们设法骗我犯了错。

【拓展】 trickster n. 骗子；tricky adj. 诡计多端的。

【常见搭配】 be up to one’s old tricks 故伎重演；trick sb. into (doing) sth. 哄骗某人做某事；trick sb. out of sth. 从某人处骗走某物；play a trick / tricks on sb. 搞某人的恶作剧，戏弄某人。

【联想】 make fun of sb. 取笑某人；laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人。

3. gain v. ＆ n.
1) v. ① vt. ＆ vi. 获得，得到
The Party gained over 50 percent of the vote. 该党获得了超过50％的选票。

Nothing venture, nothing gain. 【谚】不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

② vt. 赢得(战争、独立等)
India gained its independence in 1947. 印度在1947年赢得了独立。

③ vt. 使得到
He had gained himself a reputation for fairness. 他使自己得到了一个公正的名声。

④ vt. (钟表等) 走得快
My watch gains two minutes every 24 hours. 我的手表每24小时快两分钟。

2) [C] n. 获得，收获，利益
The baby had a gain of half a pound. 婴儿的体重增加了半磅。

No pains, no gains. 【谚】不劳则无获。

【常见搭配】 gain by / from (doing) sth. 从(做)某事中受益；gain weight = put on weight 增加体重；gain speed (车等)速度越来越快。

4. award n. ＆ vt.
1) n. 奖，奖品
The movie is good enough for the Oscar Award. 这部电影好得足以赢得奥斯卡奖。

2) vt. ①授予
The award for the year’s best actor went to him. 本年度最佳男演员奖授予了他。

②判定
He was awarded damages of ￡5,000. 他判得损害赔偿费五千英镑。

【辨析】 award与reward都含有一定的“奖励”之意。

award 指正式或官方颁发，授予的“奖”或“奖品”；reward指的是因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的“报酬”或“回报”。

【常见搭配】 get / receive / win an award for sth. 因某事获得 / 得到 / 赢得奖项；award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 把某物授予 / 判给某人。

5. admire vt.
1) 赞赏，钦佩
I cannot help but admire his bravery. 我不得不佩服他的勇敢。

2) 羡慕
Many people admire those who can speak a second language. 很多人都很羡慕能说第二门外语的人。

3) 欣赏
We stopped our car to admire the wonderful view. 我们停下车来欣赏美景。

【拓展】 admirer n. 钦佩者，赞赏者；admiration n. 钦佩，赞赏；admirable adj. 令人钦佩的，令人赞赏的。

【常见搭配】 admire sb. for sth. 因某事赞赏(钦佩、羡慕)某人；have great admiration for 对于……十分钦佩；with / in admiration 心怀钦佩地。

Book 3 Unit 1 重点短语讲解
1. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. (P2)
【归纳】 look forward to盼望，期待。

【延伸】 look up... in查找；look back on / upon回顾； look through浏览，看穿；look down on / upon 俯视，蔑视；look into窥视，调查。

【易错点】 look forward to作“盼望，期待”讲时，to是介词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词。

还有些to作介词的短语，如：be(get) used to, devote to, object to, subject to, get down to, refer to, stick to等。

2. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter.(P2)
【归纳】 take place发生，进行，举行。

为不及物动词短语。

【延伸】 take the place of代替；in place of代替；in place 在适当的位置；in the first place 起初，本来；out of place不适合的，在不适当的位置。

【易错点】 happen 和take place意思都是“发生”，都不能用于被动语态，happen是指“偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生”，take place是指“必然性的发生”。

如：
Maybe something unexpected happened.
The 29th Olympic Games took place in Beijing on August 8th, 2008.
3. But she didn’t turn up. (P7)
【归纳】 turn up = show up / appear露面，出现，发生，调大音量，卷起……。

【延伸】 turn off关闭；turn on打开；turn to求助于；turn over翻转；turn down拒绝；turn out生产，证明；turn in 上交；turn sb away把某人打发走。

【易错点】 turn up作“露面，出现，发生”讲时，是不及物动词短语，后面不能跟宾语，也没有被动语态，作“调大音量，增加速度”讲时，是及物动词短语。

如：
We invited her to dinner but she didn’t turn up.
Turn up your sleeves, and have a good wash.
4. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word. (P7)
【归纳】 keep one’s word履行诺言。

【延伸】 break one’s word 失信；in a (one) word总之；in words 用语言；have a word with 与……谈一谈；have words with 与……吵架；get in a word 插话；in other words 换句话说。

【易错点】使用word 构成的短语时，一定要注意word的单复数形式。

如：keep my words 意思是“记住我的话”，而keep my word则是“守信”之意。

情态动词表示“推测”的用法英语中，情态动词can / could, may / might, must / can, would / should 等都可以表示“推测”。

具体用法如下：
1. can 和could
can 表示推测时，可能性比较大，用于疑问句或否定句中，不用于肯定句中，意思是“不可能”。

表示一种有把握的推测。

表示否定时，can’t语气最强。

如：
It can’t be Mr Li. He has gone to Nanjing already.
They can’t know the answer. Let me explain it to them.
That can’t be her husband. She is still single.
could 表示推测时，可以用于否定句，也可以用在后面跟不定式一般式的肯定句。

表示可能性不大的推测。

意思相当于may / might。

如：
Anything could happen if you do not obey the rule.
It could be true. But I still doubt it.
2. may和might
may / might 表示一种“可能性很小”的推测。

多用在肯定句或否定句中，might 用在疑问句中表示“可能”，语气最弱。

如：
My English teacher may be correcting our exercises in her office.
My sister may not be in her room at this moment.
The scientists might be discussing the pollution problem.
3. must 和can
在表示推测的情态动词中，must 的把握最大，意思为“一定，肯定”。

表示对一般情况的推测。

如：
Your sister must be a doctor, isn’t she?
The boys must be playing football on the playground, aren’t they?
Li Ping must be punished by his father.
（以上几句要注意其反意疑问句的构成）
can的推测用法：在肯定句中can 可以表示客观的（理论的）可能性，并不涉及具体某事是否会发生，此用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。

如：
Accident can happen on such rainy days.
can’t do表示对现在发生的事情做否定的推测。

can’t have done 表示对过去发生的事情做否定的推测。

如：
He can’t be there now.
Mary can’t have stolen your money. She has gone home.
4. would 和should
英语中，情态动词would 并不一定与过去的时间有关，而表示可能性弱于will。

should 表示推测时，表示确定或可能有的未来或期望。

如：
It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack should be here at any moment.
─When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
─They should be ready by 12:00.。