高中英语短语动词练习和讲解

Grammar and usage学案
第一部分：重点讲解
短语动词通常以动词为中心，通常由动词加副词或介词构成。

英语中大量短语动词难以从字面意义上来判定其释义，很多时候应根据具体语境判断它们的意义。

有的短语动词相当于及物动词，有的则相当于不及物动词。

英语中有相当多的动词常和其他词类一起连用，构成短语动词(phrasal verb)。

1. 短语动词的构成.
(1)．动词+介词
如：bring about引起look about 环顾四周seek for寻找burst into 闯入turn into使变成look into调查see to 处理devote to贡献给deal with处理glance at匆匆一瞥work at干 (i)
at向…瞄准differ from与…不同result from由于insist on坚持rely on依靠bring in引进hope for希望得到combine with 联合lead to导致，通向set about着手look after照顾，照料listen to听wait for等待insist on坚持look at看depend on(upon)依靠look for寻找meet with遇见。

(2)．动词+副词
如：give out发出give up放弃turn out生产pick out挑选put out熄灭go on继续
come out 出来set off出发bring about引起think over考虑wake up醒来clear away清除掉
put away收起die away消失call back回电话look back回顾walk back走回break down坏了
calm down平静下来get down咽下come up上来blow up 爆炸turn up出现show off炫耀give off散发take off脱下break out发生blow out吹灭run out 用完
(3)．动词+副词+介词
如：look forward to盼望，catch up with赶上，go on with继续add up to总计keep away from不靠近look down on轻视keep up with赶上make up for弥补get on with相处get close to接近get out of逃避,避免do away with废除do well in在…干得好put up with忍受look up with仰望,尊敬run out of用完go on with继续get down to认真开始break away from 脱离，背离
(4)．动词+名词
如：have a look看一看，have a try试一试，make an appointment约会，take place发生，
make way 前进，make a discovery发现。

(5)．动词+名词+介词
如：take part in参加，take care of看管，维护，注意，take notice of注意，make use of利用，
pay attention to注意，give place to让位于，give rise to引起，导致。

(6)．及物动词(+直接宾语)+介词+名词
如：take ... into account / consideration把……考虑进去。

(7)．及物动词(+直接宾语) +介词( +介词宾语)
如：translate ... into ...把……译成……，protect ... from ...使……免受……; fix one’s eyes on ;
(8)．系动词+形容词+介词
如：be similar to ...类似于……，be familiar with ...对……熟悉，be beneficial to ...有益于……，be equal to ...等于，相当于……,be addicted to…对…上瘾
2. 短语动词使用时须注意的几点
(1)在短语动词中,副词可以放在动词宾语前或后。

但是如果宾语是代
词，则应放在动词和副词之间
如：The young lovers have been trying to put some money aside for their marriage ceremony.
He has put aside a little money for a rainy day. 他积蓄了一点钱以备不时之需。

When you do not understand a new word,you can look it up in this dictionary.
This method is very new and you can try it out to solve the hard problem.
（2）在带有介词的短语动词中，介词的宾语总是紧随其后的。

We have brought in a good harvest for three years .
We’ve just come across an old friend we haven’t seen for ages.
Please keep away from the scene of the accident before the police come.
The manager expects everyone to get down to his work after the national holidays.
（3）有些短语动词后并不需要跟宾语，这时他们相当于不及物动词。

如：
Mr Wang’s new car broke down and he had to go to work by bike again.
The crowd broke up after the football games. 足球比赛结束后，人
们四处散开。

（4）同一动词，后面跟不同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语动词。

如：
break down坏了；跨了break up拆散；解体；驱散
break in闯入；插话break off忽然停止讲话；断绝
break out爆发；逃出break through冲破；突破；战
胜
不同的动词，后面跟上相同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语。

make up组成；构成；弥补；编造；化装show up带上楼；出
席；露面；揭露
hold up举起来；阻塞；耽搁；抑制感情set up创立；建立；
树立；资助
put up提出；举起；建造take up拿起；举起；开始（某）活动
（5）一些短语动词，具有多种释义，需要根据全句语境对他们作出恰当理解。

如：
Hurry up, children! The plane will take off very soon.(起飞)
After entering the room, he took off his coat .(脱下)
The boss told him that he would take two weeks off in November.（休
假）
The woman broke down when someone told her that her mother was
dead.(崩溃)
Interrupted by hackers, the computer system of that company has
broken down.(瘫痪)
Negotiations(谈判) between the boss and workers have broken down
（失败）
常见短语：
answer for 对…负责go without 没有也行
agree with 同意（某人）hand in交上来
agree to同意（建议）have nothing to do with与…无关agree on 达成一致have sth.to do with与…有关
aim at瞄准head for朝…去
ask for请求help…in在…帮助
belong to属于hope for希望得到
burst into突然…起来introduce …to..把…介绍…
begin with以…开始inspire…with…以…激励base on根据insist on坚持
consist of由…组成interfere with妨碍congratulate …on祝贺join sb.in…加入某人一起come to an end结束knock at敲（门等）compare …to把…比作long for渴望compare…with同…相比look up查阅，向上看
care for喜欢，照顾look on/opon…as…把…看作…change …for用…交换learn by heart背会
clear up放晴leave for动身区去
come across偶然遇到lie in在于
call up大电话live on靠…生活，以…为主食call for 要求，需要look through翻阅，浏览
call on 拜访（人），号召mix with同…混合
call at拜访（地）present…with赠送
cure of治愈persist in坚持
depend on依靠put…into practice实施
devote to把…用于reply to答复
engage in从事rely on依靠
end with以…结束recover from恢复
get on/off上/下车rob …of…抢走
get on/along进展run over碾过去
get ready for准备好result from/in由…引起；导致get in收获remember sb. to…带…问好
grow up长大set about doing着手做
give in让步，投降succeed in 成功…
go all out竭尽全力speak of说到
go through通过share in分担
go over复习share sth. with sb.与某人共同使用
第二部分发：练习
I. 用所给短语动词的适当形式填空
1 break in /break down/break off/break out/break through
a)The old man __________in the middle of the story.
b)Influenza usually ________in winter because of the cold weather.
c)The robbers __________ and looted (抢劫)the warehouse.（货栈）
d)The old washing machine seems to _________ again.
e)They hope to __________ soon in their fight against the disease.
2 make up/turn up/set up/take up/put up
a)The girl is very quick at _________ excuses.
b)The young swimmer ________ a new record in the backstroke.
c)Kate _______the piano when she was only five years old.
d)The long-lost watch _____ down the back of the old table.
e)The examination result will _____ on this board tomorrow.
3 try on/keep an eye on/rely on/insist on/look down on
a)British summers are awful and we can not ______the weather.
b)Will you ______ this pair of trousers ?
c)We should not ______ the young men who haven’t been to college.
d)Would you be kind enough to _____the lovely baby for a while?
e)Last night his wife _________his wearing a black suit for the party.
II. 单项填空
1. It’s ten years since the scientist _______on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A. made for
B. set out
C. took off
D. turned up
2. It is wise to have some money _______for age.
A. put away
B. kept up
C. given away
D. laid up
3. It was dark and we decided to ______for the night at a farm house.
A. put away
B. put down
C. put up
D. put out
4. I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please ______?
A. turn it on
B. turn it down
C. turn it up
D. turn it off
5. Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _____ the shocking ending.
A. give away
B. give out
C. give up
D. give off
6. It was not a serious illness, and she soon _____ it.
A. got over
B. got on with
C. got around
D. got out of
7. We didn’t plan out art exhibition like that but it ______ well.
A. carried out
B. tried out
C. kept on
D. worked out
8. You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _____ the books when you have finished with them.
A. put on
B. put down
C. put back
D. put off
9. Readers can _____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A. get over
B. get in
C. get along
D. get through
10. The final examination is coming up soon. It’s for us to ____ our studies.
A. get down to
B. get out
C. get back for
D. get over
11. Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ____ most of her day.
A. takes up
B. makes up
C. saves up
D. puts up
12. The village people prevented their cattle from _____ the wheat field.
A. breaking in
B. breaking out
C. breaking into
D. breaking away
13. For all the se years I have been working for others. I’m hoping I’ll ______my own business someday.
A. turn up
B. fix up
C. set up
D. make up
14. Lucy ______ a lot of Japanese by playing with the native boys and girls.
A. picked up
B. took up
C. made up
D. turned up
15.Having decided to rent a flat, we _______ getting in touch with some agencies in the city.
A. set up
B. set down
C. set out
D. set about III. 翻译下列句子
1．医生要求这个病人戒掉烟和酒。

____________________________________________________________.
2. 在入冬前,我们的蔬菜和水果就会吃完.
_________________________________________________________ ___.
3. 我认为需要派更多的警察来调查这个案子.
____________________________________________________________.
4. 这个篮球队的每个成员都不应当被歧视.
____________________________________________________________.
第三部分：练习答案
I. 用所给短语动词的适当形式填空
1 a)broke off b)breaks out c)broke in d)have broken down
e)break through
2 a)making up b)set up c)took up d)turned up e)be put up
3 a)rely on b)try on c)look down on
II. 单项填空
1-5 BACCA 6-10 ADCCA 11-15 ACCAD
III. 翻译下列句子
1 The doctor asked the patient to give up smoking and drinking.
2 Our vegetables and fruits will run out before winter.
3 I think that more police are needed to look into the case.
4. Every member of this basketball team should not be looked down on.
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