电气英语试卷及答案

《 电气工程专业英语 》试卷及答案
一、根据英文单词，写出中文意义（20X0.5=10,共10分）
二、根据中文意义，写出英文单词（20X0.5=10,共10分）
n.近似值,接近,走近 Approximation n.能力，性能，容量 Capability v.补偿,偿还 Compensate n.损耗 Depletion adj.微分的 Differential n.打扰,干扰 Disturbance n.以太网 Ethernet n.频率, 周率 Frequency adj.不相容的, 矛盾的
n.隔绝, 绝缘
三、根据英文词组，写出中文意义（30X0.5=15,共15分）
between…and 在……之间 on the other hand 另一方面 take advantage of 利用 四、negative charge 五、 负电荷 electric field 电场 free electron 自由电子 current flow 电流 sine wave 正弦波 Root-Mean-Square 均方根（值） series circuit 串联电路 voltage drop 电压降 parallel circuit 并联电路 compound circuit s 复合电路 parallel branch 并联分支 decimal system
十进制系统
programmable controller 可编程控制器 truth table 真值表 carbon brus 碳刷 permanent magnet 永久磁铁 armature field 电枢场 magnetic lines 磁力线 proportional system 比例系统 sampling period 采样周期 analog signal 模拟信号 baud rate 波特 discrete input 开关量输入 limit switch 限位开关 proximity switch 接近开关 industrial bus 工业总线 voltage difference
电压差
六、根据英文缩写，写出英文完整形式及中文意思（10X2=20,共20分）
alternator 交流发电机 automation 自动控制，自动操作 bandwidth 带宽，频带宽度 built-in 内置的，固定的，嵌入的 capacitance
容量，电容
charge 负荷，电荷，费用，充电 coil 线圈
converter 转换器，变换器 diode 二极管 impedance
阻抗，全电阻
insulator 绝缘体 semiconductor 半导体
sensor 传感器 suppression 抑制 switch 开关，电闸 threshold 临界值 vacuum 真空，空间 vector 向量，矢量 waveform 波形 ammeter
电流表
adj.瞬间的, 刹那间的 Momentary n.极性
Polarity n.转发器,中继器 Repeater n.排斥
Repusion n.阻力，电阻，阻抗 Resistance vt.模拟,模仿 Simulate n.晶体管
Transistor
n.传感器，发送器，传递器 Transmitter
n.阀 n.波长
五、根据下列方框中所给的词填空（5X1=5,共5分）
Resistance in a material arises from the collision of electrons with the atoms and with each other as they move. The ___ 1、collisions ___ produce heat, increasing the temperature of the material. Consider the ordinary toaster. Current flows through the ___2、wires ___ of the power cord and through the toaster's filament (the glowing wire you see inside). The same current must flow in the power cord as flows through the filament. The cord has very little ___ 3、resistance ___, while the filament has considerably more. Since the filament has a much higher resistance than the cord, it ___ 4、produces ___ much more heat. That's as it should be. You want the heat for your toast, but you do not want the power cord getting ___ 5、hot ___! The standard incandescent light bulb is another example. The filament in the light bulb glows white hot (hence, the word "incandescent") to produce light and a lot of heat as well. But, the low-resistance power cord stays cool.
六、根据下列短文回答问题,回答请使用英文。

（10X1=10,共10分）
Electric Potential
Electric potential is what drives current. You may know electric potential by another term that we will use ...voltage. This name comes from the unit of potential, which is the volt (denoted V). When you buy an AA battery, you are buying a device that provides a potential of 1.5 V between its positive and negative terminals. Your car battery maintains about 12 V between its terminals. And the potential between the two slots in a household electrical outlet is about 120 V. You are probably already familiar with a basic truth about electric potential. All other things being equal, a greater potential will create a greater current. But what is electric potential?
Water can provide a good analogy (although far from perfect!) for both current and potential. Consider a pipe that comes out of the bottom of a large tank of water. You open the spigot and water flows. The flow rate of the water is analogous to current. Common sense tells you that the higher the water level in the tank, the higher the flow rate in the pipe. The height of the water level is analogous to electric potential. A greater potential will cause a greater current.
Where this analogy fails is with the battery. The tank stores water and as the height slowly decreases, so does the water flow. A battery does not store charge! It is always electrically neutral and for whatever amount of charge leaves one terminal, an equal amount must come into the other. A battery is more analogous to the water pump. A battery, therefore, is an electron pump! It has the ability to push electrons directly proportional to its voltage rating. And, it does this through a chemical reaction. The battery becomes "discharged," (an unfortunately misleading term), when the chemicals in the battery are used up. Most batteries maintain a fixed potential until near the end of their life. The 120 V potential of a household outlet is produced in a very different way.
1. What is electric potential? What is another term people will use for it?
Electric potential is what dives current. The term people will use is voltage.
2. What is the potential between the two slots in a household electrical outlet?
The potential between the two slots in a household electrical outlet is a bout 120V.
3. What is the relationship between the potential and the current when all other things are equal?
The greater the potential the greater the current.
4. What can be a good analogy (although far from perfect!) for both current and potential? Water.
5. What is analogous to current?
The flow rate of the water is analogous to current.
6. What is analogous to electric potential?
The height of the water level is analogous to electric potential.
7. What is more analogous to the water pump?
A battery is more analogous to the water pump.
8. What is a battery?
A battery is an electron pump.
9. What can a battery do? And how?
It can push electrons directly proportional to its voltage rating .And, it does this thiough a chemical reaction.
10. What do most batteries maintain until near the end of their life?
Most batteries maintain a fixed potential until near the end of their life.
七、根据下列短文填空（10X1=10,共10分）
Forces between two electrically-charged objects can be extremely large. Most things are electrically neutral; they have equal amounts of positive and negative charge. If this wasn’t the case, the world we live in would be a much stranger place. We also have a lot of control over how things get charged. This is because we can choose the appropriate material to use in a given situation.
Metals are good conductors of electric charge, while plastics, wood, and rubbers are not. They are called insulators. Charge does not flow nearly as easily through insulators as it does through conductors, which is why wires you plug into a wall socket are covered with a protective rubber coating. Charge flows along the wire, but not through the coating to you.
Materials are divided into three categories, depending on how easily they will allow charge (i.e., electrons) to flow along them. These are:
•conductors - metals, for example
•semi-conductors - silicon is a good example
•insulators - rubber, wood, plastic for example
Most materials are either conductors or insulators. The difference between them is that in conductors, the outermost electrons in the atoms are so loosely bound to their atoms that they are free to travel around. In insulators, on the other hand, the electrons are much more tightly bound to the atoms, and are not free to flow. Semi-conductors are a very useful intermediate class, not as conductive as metals but considerably more conductive than insulators. By adding certain impurities to semi-conductors in the appropriate concentrations the conductivity can be well-controlled.
1. Metals are good conductors of electric charge, while plastics, wood, and _rubbers _are not.
2. Materials are divided into three categories. They are ________, _______ and _________.
3. Plastics, wood, and rubbers are used as examples of ________.
4. ____ What Catholic saint____ is a good example of semi-conductors.
5. Semi-conductors are a very useful _____intermediate _________ class, not as __ conductive ________ as metals but considerably ____ more _______ conductive than insulators.
八、把下列句子翻译为中文（5X2=10,共10分）
1)Ohm's Law deals with the relationship between voltage and current in an ideal conductor.
欧姆定律涉及理想导体中的电压与电流关系。

2) Semiconductors are any of various solid crystalline substances, such as germanium or silicon, having electrical conductivity greater than insulators but less than good conductors.
半导体是一种固态结晶物质，如锗或硅，其导电性强于绝缘体但弱于良导体。

3) A sensor is a device, such as a photoelectric cell, that receives and responds to a signal or stimulus.
传感器是接收并响应信号或刺激的器件，例如光电池。

4) Resistors can be connected in series; that is, the current flows through them one after another.
电阻可以串接，即电流一一流过它们。

5) In the early part of the 19th century, George Simon Ohm proved by experiment that a precise relationship exists between current, voltage, and resistance.
在十九世纪早期，乔治.西蒙.欧姆通过实验证明电流、电压和电阻之间存在着确切的关系。

九、把下列句子翻译为英文（5X2=10,共10分）
1) 墙上有一个开电灯的开关。

There is a switch on the wall for turning on the lights.
2) 定子是固定的电子部件。

The stator is in the stationary electrical component.
3) 串联电路的所有负荷都在一排。

A series circuit is one with all the loads in a row.
4) 电荷的单位是库仑。

The unit of electric charge is the coulomb.
5)你那辆汽车的蓄电池容易充电吗?
Your car battery is easy to recharge your batteries?。