专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷138(题后含答案及解析)
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专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷138(题后含答案及解析)
题型有: 4. TRANSLATION
PART IV TRANSLATION
1.开卷有益,是古人奖励读书的一句成语。
从前读到一册坏书,读后每觉得为古人所欺;现在多了一点智识,反过来又觉得古人的不欺我了。
总之,好书读了,原有所得,就是可以知道它的好处在哪里。
可是坏书读了,而知道它的坏的原因与地方,岂不也是一得?从前孔子说的“三人行,必有我师”之意,也不一定是从正的一方面着想,反过来在负的一方面,也何尝不可以为鉴戒。
因此,从前是非有定评之书不读的,现在却马勃牛溲了,一例的都想看看了,这大约总也是一种进步的现象。
正确答案:”Opening a book is always rewarding” is an ancient encouragement for reading. I used to feel misled by it when I came across a bad book, yet now I’m wiser to do that. In a word, we can benefit from reading a good book by absorbing its essence, while it is also a good thing to know the whys and wherefores of a book being labeled “bad”. What Confucius means by “ If three of us are walking together, at least one of the other two can be my teacher” is not necessarily a positive example. On the contrary, it also holds water in offering us a negative example to take warning from. Therefore, once an exclusive reader of books widely accepted, I get to take interest in whatever books, trashy or not, as well. It probably is a sign of progress.
解析:1.第一句中的“开卷有益”可译为Opening a book is always rewarding。
2.第二句的前半句“为古人所欺”中的“欺”按照语境宜译为misled;后半句“反过来又觉得古人的不欺我了”出于语篇考虑不应重复照搬,可灵活地意译为now I’m wiser to do that。
3.第五句中“从前孔子说的‘三人行,必有我师’之意”中的“之意”可采用mean by…短语;“三人行,必有我师”译为If three of us are walking together,at least one of the other two can be my teacher。
4.第五句中的动词“鉴戒”译为to take warning from。
5.最后一句中的“从前是非有定评之书不读的,现在却马勃牛溲了,一例的都想看看了”,首先,本句是汉语的无主句,省略了主语“我”,而英语中主语不可或缺,故此句应当增补主语;其次,英文有名词化倾向,即使用名词表达本应用动词表达的含义(如He swims well.相比He is a good swimmer.是更地道的英文表达),因此“从前是非有定评之书不读的”在这里意译为名词短语an exclusive reader;根据上下文,此处“定评”并非“定论”之意,而应意译为widely accepted。
“马勃牛溲”实际上是指不值钱的东西,因此可以抛去字面意思,意译为trashy。
知识模块:翻译
2.读书的状态大致分为三种:一是为别人而读,二是为有用而读,三是为兴趣而读。
处在第一种状态是最痛苦的,自己本不想读,但迫于外界压力却不得不读。
好多中小学生就属于这种情形。
在这样的状态下,读书真是苦不堪言。
有不少学生曾咬牙切齿地发誓:毕业考试一结束,一定把××书烧掉。
一些为了拿文凭、评职称而读书的亦在此列,对于他们而言,读书实在是件苦差
事。
第二种是为有用而读书。
处在此列的人已知书中自有黄金屋和颜如玉,已经能从烟波浩淼的书海中有所取舍,读书很有目的性。
或为提高专业技术水平,或为丰富知识,学电脑的看电脑书籍,学文学的看小说,当老师的读教育心理,做生意的看经济,搞行政的读政治、管理……为获得某方面的知识而读书,以具备养家糊口的基本技能,凭真才实学立足于社会。
第三种是为兴趣而读书。
这是读书的自觉状态,更是一种境界。
不为有用,只因喜欢。
这些读者把读书当作生存的基本需要,读书已和吃饭睡觉一样必不可少。
三日不读书,则自觉面目可憎,心里就空虚、失落、不踏实。
正确答案:Those who read to get diplomas or professional titles also belong to the first group. For them, reading is really a hard job. The second group read for use. These people already know that they can benefit a lot from books and they are well aware of what they should read. They have clear purposes of improving their professional ability or enriching their knowledge. For instance, those who major in computer technology read computer books, those who study literature read novels, teachers read about educational psychology, businessmen read about economics, and administrators read about politics and management... They read for obtaining knowledge in some fields so that they can support their families and establish themselves in the society with their own skills.
解析:1.英语是“主语显著”(subject-prominent)的语言,而汉语是“话题显著”(topic—prominent)的语言。
画线部分中多个句子缺失主语,翻译时,应注意补充的主语必须是句中突出的部分,并符合句中的逻辑关系及英语的语言习惯。
本篇中“读书的状态大致分为三种”其实是指将读书人分为三种,即three groups of readers。
画线部分第一段可作为两句分译。
“亦在此列”根据上文可知,是指属于“第一种”。
“读书实在是件苦差事”可译为reading is really a hard job。
2.画线部分第二段第二句中,“书中自有黄金屋和颜如玉”是汉语典故,不能直译,译出来如There is gold and beautiful girls hiding in books.之类,外国人不会懂其中的含义,可意译为they can benefit a lot from books;“已经能从烟波浩淼的书海中有所取舍”也可意译为they are well aware of what they should read。
根据语义,此句最后一个小句应与第三句的前两小句合译。
3.画线部分第二段第三句中,“或为提高专业技术水平,或为丰富知识”与第二句最后一个小分句合译为:They have clear purposes of improving their professional ability or enriching their knowledge.后面的五个小分句是举例,可加上For instance,然后再译出这几个并列句。
“学电脑的”与“学文学的”相呼应,可分别增译为:those who major in computer technology和those who study literature。
最后三个小分句中,“读”字后面跟的是书籍的内容,需注意read一词的用法。
以“读教育心理”为例,可以译作read books about educational psychology或read about educational psychology,而不能译为read educational psychology。
4.画线部分第二段最后一句中,须补充主语They。
考虑到在翻译”为获得某方面的知识而读书”(They read for obtaining knowledge in some fields)时已经用了knowledge,故此处“真才实学”意译为with their own skills,若译为with real knowledge就会显得重复。
知识模块:翻译
3.看看社会上“有福”的人,有几个人的福是因为老实而得?看看那些发了横财、飞黄腾达的人,考察一下他们的发达过程,你便会得出另一个结论:
不老实的人也会有福。
这样说来,“吃亏是福”难道真的错了? 其实,并不错的,不吃亏的福,与吃亏的福,虽同是“有福”,含义却大大不同。
二者的区别是:不吃亏的福,福气浓烈,但“福兮祸所伏”;吃亏之福,福味清淡,但福祚长久。
福,没有固定和统一的标准,是在相互比较中的一种感受,和粗茶淡饭、平民布衣相比,灯红酒绿、宝马香车的人就是福;和坐牢枪毙的人相比,躬耕陇亩、好好活着就是福。
从这个角度说,“吃亏是福”永远没有错。
正确答案:In fact, it is not wrong. Blessing varies greatly in meaning for two different kinds of people. For those who gain benefits, the blessing is overwhelming but there are dangers hidden behind it; for those who suffer losses, the blessing seems light but it lasts longer. There is no fixed and unified standard to define what blessing is. It is a feeling in comparison. In contrast with the common people who live on the plain food, those who indulge in extravagant pleasure are blessed; in contrast with the people who are imprisoned or have been sentenced to death, those who are capable of farm work or are still alive are blessed. From this point of view, the saying that suffering a loss is a blessing is always right.
解析:1.画线部分第一句可分译为两句。
前两个分句承接上一段,合译为一句。
后四个分句翻译时,以“福”作主语。
两种不同的福可理解为“‘福’对于两种不同的人含义不同”。
2.画线部分第二句中,“二者的差别”是对前一句的重复,翻译时可省译。
“不吃亏的福”理解为“不吃亏的人”,即those who gain benefits;“吃亏之福”理解为“吃亏的人”,即those who suffer losses。
“福气浓烈”指“福泽深厚,势不可挡”,可译为the blessing is overwhelming;“福兮祸所伏”可译为there are dangers hidden behind it;“吃亏之福,福味清淡”意思是“这样的福气看似轻淡、不够浓烈”,译为the blessing seems light;“福祚长久”可以译为but it lasts longer。
3.画线部分第三句可分译为三句。
其中,“粗茶淡饭”的直译是coarse tea and plain rice,此处可意译为plain food,即“普通饮食”;“平民布衣”指“平民百姓”,可译为common people;“灯红酒绿”和“宝马香车”的直译是feasting and revelry和luxury cars,此处可意译为extravagant pleasure。
4.画线部分最后一句中,“吃亏是福”可译为suffering a loss is a blessing。
知识模块:翻译
4.人的一生好比马拉松赛跑。
人人都有最后一圈,这一圈通常属于人生道路漫长的老人。
七老八十的人,穿过艰难的世途,穿过芸芸众生,穿过重重障碍,于是到了人生的最后一圈。
这一圈路程有长有短,跑得有快有慢。
有的人稳健有力,从容不迫;有的人歪歪扭扭,步子不正;有的人拖拖沓沓,蹒跚不前。
也有跑入歪道的人,或跑不快还要挡道的人,或不按竞赛规则乱跑的人,都是注定要失败的。
谁能跑好这最后一圈,谁就是胜利者。
正确答案:Human life can be likened to a marathon race. All people, especially the aged who have already seen much of life, have to face the last lap. Septuagenarians and octogenarians are on the last lap of their lives after experiencing the twists and turns of their lives, meeting all varieties of mortal beings and going through one obstacle after another. People may keep fast or slow steps on their last lap due to the length of such a round. Some may run with steady and easy steps;
some may stagger and totter; some may be sluggish with faltering steps. What is worse, some may resort to dishonest practices; some, being slow themselves, may intentionally stand in the way of others; some may run in violation of the competition rules. Such people are doomed to fail.
解析:1.画线部分第一段第一句中的“好比”可译为can be likened to。
2.画线部分第一段第二句中,“这一圈通常属于人生道路漫长的老人”意思是“尤其是那些年长的人需要面对人生最后一圈”。
3.画线部分第一段第三句中,“七老八十的人”可以直译为Septuagenarians and octogenarians。
“穿过”在句中指的是“经历”,可根据宾语分别译为experiencing,meeting和going through。
“艰难的世途”指的是“人生的曲折”,可译为twists and turns of their lives;而“芸芸众生”在这里指的是“形形色色的人”,可译为all varieties of mortal beings。
4.画线部分第二段第二句中的四字格较多,翻译时应注意英语选词的押韵和对仗工整。
其中,“稳健有力,从容不迫”可译为with steady and easy steps;“歪歪扭扭,步子不正”指的是“脚步蹒跚不稳”,可译为stagger and totter;而“蹒跚不前”指的是“犹豫不定”,可译为faltering steps或hesitant steps。
5.翻译画线部分第二段第三句时可以在最后一个逗号处断句。
“跑入歪道”在这里指的是“耍一些骗人的手段”,译为resort to dishonest practices。
“注定”在此句中有贬义的意味,因此可译为are doomed to。
知识模块:翻译
5.为什么要保护物种和语种?首先在于权利。
每一物种都有在地球上生存的权利,每一个小民族都有使用祖先传递给他们的语言的权利,那几乎是他们最重要的特征。
其次,这种保护对其他物种,对其他人,对全人类都有好处。
文化储藏和积淀在语言中。
人类文化的多样性储藏在其多样的语种中。
一个强健的生态系必然是多样的,反过来这种多样性又可以帮助它适应和安渡环境的变迁。
正如同一个愚钝的村妇宁愿牺牲一点便利,也会拒绝将她的全部鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。
正确答案:Every species is entitled to earthly existence, so is every minority to their own language, an earmark above all passed from their ancestors. Secondly, such protection of species and languages is favorable to all species including human beings. Cultures are embodied and accumulated in languages, while cultural diversities are stored in linguistic diversities. A sound ecosystem is predicated on diversity, which, on the other hand, facilitates its adaption to the changing environment. It is in very much the same way as a maladroit countrywoman, though a little inconvenient for her, would refuse to put all her eggs in one single basket.
解析:1.画线部分第一句包含两层语义,翻译时应当注意英语句式的衔接,第一层语义在第一个逗号前,“有……的权利”可译为is entitled to...,翻译第二层语义时可以省略entitled,使用so is…句式,以避免重复。
2.画线部分第二句中的“这种保护”指的是保护物种和语言,翻译时应当还原。
3.画线部分第三句和第四句语义衔接较为紧密,因此翻译时可以译为一句话,用while或as连接。
“储藏和积淀在”可译为are embodied and accumulated in。
4.画线部分倒数第二句中,“强健的生态系”指的是“合理而健全的生态系统”,因此可译为sound ecosystem。
“帮助它适应和安渡环境的变迁”在这里指“使其自身更容易适应变化的环境”,因此可译为facilitates its adaption to the changing environment。
5.画
线部分最后一句与上一句语义衔接较为紧密,因此翻译时应适当增加衔接词,使其更加符合英语表达。
此句中“愚钝的”的意思是“处事笨拙,不够灵活”,翻译时应注意选词,可译为maladroit或inept。
知识模块:翻译。