2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(451-452)讲义-高考英语一轮复习

一、长难句翻译
1.Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he bees part of that crowd in the process by decoding their messages and adding his own interpretation. 【2023年甲卷阅读理解C篇】
2.Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psychewe revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. 【2023年甲卷阅读理解D篇】
二、长难句翻译解析
1.Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he bees part of that crowd in the process by decoding their messages and adding his own interpretation. 【2023年甲卷阅读理解C篇】
【语法详析】
And 连接两个简单句
【词汇精讲】
1.Conversation n.（非正式）交谈，谈话
But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting "reply all" to join in a long and unpleasant conversation.
2017年高考英语天津卷阅读理解阅读A 原文
但是，当每个人都开始点击“回复所有人”，加入一场漫长而不愉快的对话时，它可能很快就会变得更糟。

2.enters v.进入; 成为…的一员; 开始参加; 掠过（脑海）; 开始进入…; 参加; 写下; 输入，登记
And mp3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and ereaders showed up in 2007.
2018年高考英语全国卷I 阅读理解阅读D 原文
mp3播放器、智能和液晶电视在2002年进入家庭，平板电脑和电子阅读器在2007年出现。

3.philosophers noun.哲学家
The argument was exploded by the 18 th century philosopher Immanuel Kant.
18世纪哲学家康德曾经对其加以抨击.
4.Decode 编码
The chief wants you to stay undercover until we decode this information.
头要你继续伪装直到我们破解这一信息.
5.Interpretation n.解释，说明; 翻译; 表演，演绎; 理解
Her evidence suggests a different interpretation of the events.
她的证据显示这些事件可能有另外一种解释。

【参考译文】
韦纳与历史上一些最重要的哲学家进行了对话，在这个过程中，他通过解读他们的信息并加入自己的解读，成为了这群人中的一员。

2.Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psychewe revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. 【2023年甲卷阅读理解D篇】
【语法详析】
Which 引导定语从句修饰grizzly bears,破折号后接we revere....作为同位语修饰American
psyche
【词汇精讲】
1.weight
As I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would.
（2017年高考英语天津卷完形填空原文）
当我开始我自己的减肥计划时，我充满了害怕。

2.Conflict n.冲突；争执；争论
Reports conflicted on how much of the aid was reaching the famine victims.
究竟有多少援助到了饥民手里，相关报告彼此矛盾。

3.occupy v.居住; 占用; 占领; 担任; 使忙碌; 占…
The bed seemed to occupy most of the room.
床似乎占去了大半个屋子。

4.revere vt.崇敬; 尊崇; 敬畏
Students revere the old professor.
学生尊敬这位老教授.
【参考译文】灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人心中占据着一个矛盾的角落——我们敬畏它们，即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦。

三、长难句拓展
Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could bee one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.”
①小词典
increasingly [ɪnˈkriːsɪŋlɪ] ad.不断增加地，日益
However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12 —suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.
2018年高考英语江苏卷阅读理解阅读D 原文
句子结构分析：involving....作同位语补充解释the research,句子的主干是the research suggest.. 然而，这项涉及8组32名8至12岁儿童的研究表明，随着他们进入青少年时期，他们在网上变得越来越焦虑。

apparent [əˈpærənt] a.表面上的；貌似（真实）的；显然的；明明白白的
A rethink is required and as a new approach starts to bee apparent, two ideas stand out.
2017年高考英语江苏卷阅读理解阅读C 原文
我们需要重新思考——随着一种新方法开始显现，有两种想法脱颖而出。

absence [ˈæbsəns] n.缺乏，没有，不存在；缺席，不在
In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly.
2017年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解阅读C 原文
在没有狼的情况下，土狼的数量也迅速增长。

purpose [ˈpɜːpəs] n.目的；意图；用途；效果
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.
2017年高考英语北京卷阅读理解阅读D 原文
具有特定目的的机器还具有另一种特性，一种我们通常与生物联系在一起的特性:保持自身存在的愿望。

capitalism [ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm] n.资本主义
They differ from us, they stand for capitalism.
他们和我们不同, 他们代表资本主义.
freedom [ˈfriːdəm] n.自由，自主；免除；特权
Phil Blythe explains: "For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others."
2017年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解阅读D 原文
句子结构分析：particularly...做同位语补充修饰older people;句子的主干是driving is...
句意：菲尔·布莱斯解释说:“对许多老年人来说，尤其是那些独居或住在乡下的老年人，开车对保持他们的独立性很重要，让他们可以自由外出，而不必依赖别人。

”
②句子结构分析：本句的主干为...she continued...，是主谓宾结构，冒号之后的内容为宾语从句。

宾语从句的基本结构:"lt's (主语+系动词)+increasingly apparent(表语)+ that引导的主语从句。

这个主语从句的主干是the absence..could bee one of ...goals ...。

其中，三个并列的介词短语of purpose, of a moral language和within..business做修饰absence的后置定语。

③参考译文：她进一步阐明了自己的观点：“越来越明显的是，政府、媒体或企业内部缺乏目的和道德语言，可能成为资本主义和自由最危险的目标之一。

”
④语法拓展：【直接引语和间接引语】
直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用说话人自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。

不论直接引语还是间接引语都应有一个动词引述，比如：say, tell, ask, think, write, reply等。

直接引语一般放在引号中，句首的第一个字母大写。

间接引语不用引号。

例句：
She said：“I’m ing.”
She said that she was ing.
⑤写作拓展：本句中purpose的含义是“目的，意图”，写作中相似的表达：
Intention n.意图; 打算
I have no intention of going to the wedding.
我无意去参加婚礼。

Aim n.目标，意图; 瞄准; 准确性
The aim of the festival is to increase awareness of Hindu culture and traditions.
该节庆日的目的在于增强人们对印度文化和传统的认识。

Goal noun.目标，球门
Liverpool won by three goals to one.
利物浦队以三比一获胜。

Objective n.目标; 宾语
You must set realistic aims and objectives for yourself.
你必须给自己确定切实可行的目的和目标。

Target noun.目标
The university will reach its target of 5 000 students next September.
这所大学将于下个九月达到在校学生5 000人的目标。

四、长难句
如何学习长难句？
建议你按照下面的步骤进行：
1 学习例句前的知识点
2 尝试独立分析例句的句子结构，并理解翻译句子
3 看例句分析，找出自身问题所在
4 复习内化，确保能独立分析并理解句子，背诵生词
今日三句——比较级
如果句子中涉及到两个对象的比较，就会需要用到比较级句型。

一般而言，比较级句型中会出现as，than等带有比较逻辑的词。

常见的比较级表达有：
as…as 和… 一样…
A is as interesting as B. A和B一样有趣。

the same as 和…一样
A is the same as B. A和B是一样的。

not as… as 不如…
A is not big as B. A不如B大。

than… 比…；比起…
A is more interesting than B. A比B更有趣。

rather than… 比；比起…；而不是…
Tom likes A rather than B. Tom喜欢A，而不喜欢B。

less +adj./adv. than 不如；比不上…
A is less interesting than B. A不如B有趣。

the+比较级，the+比较级越…，就越…
The harder you study, the more you will get. 你学习越努力，那么你学到的就越多。

数词+times+比较级是…的多少倍
A is four times larger than B. A是B的四倍。

例句：
1. Research shows that peer power, used horizontally not vertically, is much more powerful than any boss’s speech.
2. Megafires, also called ‘siege fires’, are the increasingly frequent blazes that burn 500,000 acres or more 10 times the size of the average forest fire of 20 years ago.
3. It would seem that the brain sees these images as puzzles, and the harder it is to decipher the meaning, the more rewarding is the moment of recognition.
例句分析：
1. Research shows that peer power, used horizontally not vertically, is much more powerful than any boss’s speech.
Research shows that peer power, used horizontally not vertically, is much more powerful than any boss’s speech.
结构化表达：peer power is more powerful than any boss’s speech，意思是：同伴的力量要比任何老板的话语更有力。

used horizontally not vertically是插入语，起补充说明作用，译为：横向而非纵向使用（同伴力量）。

参考译文：研究表明，横向而非纵向使用同伴力量，要比任何老板的话语更有力。

2. Megafires, also called ‘siege fires’, are the increasingly frequent blazes that burn 500,000 acres or more 10 times the size of the average forest fire of 20 years ago.
Megafires, also called ‘siege fires’, are the increasingly frequent blazes that burn 500,000 acres or more 10 times the size of the average forest fire of 20 years ago.
结构化表达：Megafires are …+that定语从句，意思是：超级大火是…。

that burn 500,000 acres or more是定语从句，用来修饰前面的blazes，译为：火焰烧毁了500,000英亩或甚至更多的土地。

10 times the size of the average forest fire of 20 years ago起补充说明作用，译为：是20年前森林火灾毁坏面积的十倍。

参考译文：超级大火，也叫“围攻火”，他们出现越来越频繁，烧毁了500,000英亩或甚至更多的土地——这种毁坏的范围是20年前森林火灾毁坏面积的十倍。

3. It would seem that the brain sees these images as puzzles, and the harder it is to decipher the meaning, the more rewarding is the moment of recognition.
It would seem that the brain sees these images as puzzles, and the harder it is to decipher the meaning, the more rewarding is the moment of recognition.
结构化表达：the brain sees A as B, and the harder…, the more rewarding…，意思是：大脑将A 视为B，并且…越难，…就越令人满意。

参考译文：或许大脑将这些图像视为谜题，破解其含义的过程越困难，在理解出来的瞬间就越会觉得满足。

重难点词汇短语总结：
Peer n. 同龄人；同等地位的人
She enjoys the respect of her peers.
她受到同侪的尊敬。

Horizontally adv. 水平地
You can move the camera both vertically and horizontally.
你可以上下左右移动摄像机。

Vertically adv. 垂直地
Line the pages for the graph both horizontally and vertically.
在这几页上同时画上横线和竖线,以便制作图表.
Frequent adj. 频繁的；经常的
Frequent stops are make for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.
2018年高考英语全国卷I 阅读理解阅读A 原文
导游会为您提供独特的事实和历史，您经常会停下来拍照。

Puzzle n. 谜团；困惑v. 使困惑
He was trying to puzzle out why he had been brought to the house.
他想弄明白自己为何被带到这所房子。

Decipher v. 破译；解码
Can anyone decipher his handwriting?
有谁能辨认他的字迹？
Rewarding adj. 令人满意的；令人有收获的
Traveling along the old silk road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
2018年高考英语北京卷单项填空原文
沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣而有益的经历。

Recognition n. 认出；识别；理解；认可
However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were "concerned with how many people like their posts", suggesting a "need" for social recognition that gets stronger the older they bee.
2018年高考英语江苏卷阅读理解阅读D 原文
然而，10到12岁年龄段的人“关心的是有多少人喜欢他们的帖子”，这表明他们对社会认可的“需求”随着年龄的增长而变得越来越强烈。