Marine transport Insurance
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Chapter 8
International Cargo Transportation Insurance
Cargo Insurance
Insurance of Marine Transportation Insurance of land Transportation Insurance of Air Transportation Insurance of Postal Transportation
保险标的物在海上遭受承保范围内的风险所造成的部分灭失或 损害，即指除共同海损以外的部分损失。这种损失只能由标的 物所有人单独负担。
实际全损Actual Total Loss 全部损失 Total Loss 推定全损 Constructive Total Loss 共同海损General Average 单独海损Particular Average
3.Loss: Partial loss
General Average:
共同海损
It refers to a special sacrifice and extra expense intentionally incurred for the general interests of the ship owner, the insurer, and the owners of the various cargoes abroad the ship.
Fortuitous accidents（意外事故）
such risks as ship stranding(搁浅), striking upon the rocks, ship sinking, ship collision船舶碰撞, colliding with icebergs or other objects, fire, explosion, ship missing, etc.
premium 保费
the sum of money the insured agrees to pay the insurer for an insurance policy
insurance broker 保费经纪人
the middleman in insurance business
claimant 索赔人
When an actual loss occurs, the insured can get fair, efficient and rapid adjustment of his claim, thus becomes the claimant
2.Risks：Perils of the Sea
Main China & foreign insurance companies
PICC (People’s Insurance Company of China) Corporation of LIoyd’s 劳合社: 水险、巨灾、卫星、航空等
ING 荷兰国际集团 (No.13 of World Top 500 ) AXA 法国安盛 (No.15 of World Top 500 ) Allianz 德国安联 (No.16 of World Top 500 ) AIG 美国国际集团 (No.20 of World Top 500 ) GENERALI 意大利忠利(No.21 of World Top 500 ) AVIVA 英国英杰华 (No.28 of World Top 500 )
3)Continuation expenses (延续费用)
made for continuing the journey of consignments after the journey has been stopped by risks under the cover of the insurance policy
1.General Introduction
Cargo transport insurance to protect the interests of importers and exporters from possible financial losses caused by risks during the transit of goods from the factory or warehouse in a country of origin to the warehouse in a country of destination. insurer 保险公司 承保人 the party who insures others against possible loss or damage and undertakes to make payment in case of loss insured 投保人 the party who is insured against possible loss and to whom payment covering the loss will be made
insurance policy 保单
the contract made between the insurer and the insured
insured amount 保险金额
the amount of money the insurer agrees to cover by insurance against the subject matter (which is usually the amount of CIF value of the consignment plus 10% representing an anticipated profit for the buyer)
损失 Losses
部分损失 Partial Loss
4.Expenses Incurred for the Rescue of Insured Cargo
Expenses here fall into the following kinds: 1)Sue and labor expenses （施救费用）
2.Risks：Extraneous Risks
General extraneous risks（一般外来风险）
include the risks of theft, shortage, leakage, dashed by fresh and rain water(雨水淋湿 ), sweating and heating(受 潮受热 ), intermixture and contamination(混杂和沾污), taint of odor(串味险), hook damage(钩损), breakage of packing, rusting(生锈), etc.
key points (Marine Cargo Insurance )
General Introduction Risks
Perils of the Sea Extraneous Risks
Loss
Total Loss Partial Loss
Expenses Incurred for the Rescue of Insured Cargo Scope of Insurance Coverage 保险责任范围 Procedures of Marine Insurance Calculation of Insured Amount How to make the insurance clause
Perils of the sea can further be either natural calamity and fortuitous accidents. Natural calamity (自然灾害)
refers to the perils under force majeure （不可抗力） such as vile weather, thunder storm and lightening(雷 电), tsunami（海啸）, earthquake, flood, etc. The ordinary action of the winds and waves is not taken as natural calamities.
自然灾害 (Natural Calamity)
风险 Risks
外来风险 Extraneous Risks
意外事故 (Fortuitous accidents) 一般外来风险 General Extraneous Risks 特殊外来风险 Special Extraneous Risks
3.Loss: Total Loss
Can be classified into:
Actual Total Loss（实际全损）
The insured subject matter is totally and irretrievably(不能挽回的 ) lost.
Constructive Total Loss（推定全损）
It is estimated that the actual total loss of cargo is inevitable or the cost of salvage(打捞,海上救助) or recovery could have exceed the value of the cargo.
When constructive total loss takes place, the insured can ask the insurer to cover part of his loss or all of his loss. Under the later case, the insured must present to the insurer a notice of abandonment(委付通知), by which he means to transfer all his interest and obligations to the insurer so that he might cover his total loss. The abandonment is effective only after it is accepted by the insurer.
made by the insured or his agent to prevent them from suffering further losses.
2)Salvage charges（救助费用）
made to those other than the insured, the carrier and the ship and the consignments.由保险 人和被保险人以外的第三人采取了有效救助措施，在救助成功后， 由被救方付给救助人的一种报酬。
Special extraneous risks（特殊外来风险）
include the risks on deck（舱面险）, war, strikes, failure of delivery（交货不到险）, rejection, pirate or sea rover(海盗), etc.
海上风险 Perils of the Sea
为了使船舶或船上货物避免共同危险，而有意地、合理地作出 的特殊牺牲或支付的额外费用。 共同海损损失应由船、保险公司、货（包括不同的货主）各方 共同负担。
返回目录
Particular Average:
单独海损
It means that a particular cargo is damaged by any cause and the damage does not come up to a total loss, i.e., only a partial loss, which shall be borne by the owner of this individual consignment.
International Cargo Transportation Insurance
Cargo Insurance
Insurance of Marine Transportation Insurance of land Transportation Insurance of Air Transportation Insurance of Postal Transportation
保险标的物在海上遭受承保范围内的风险所造成的部分灭失或 损害，即指除共同海损以外的部分损失。这种损失只能由标的 物所有人单独负担。
实际全损Actual Total Loss 全部损失 Total Loss 推定全损 Constructive Total Loss 共同海损General Average 单独海损Particular Average
3.Loss: Partial loss
General Average:
共同海损
It refers to a special sacrifice and extra expense intentionally incurred for the general interests of the ship owner, the insurer, and the owners of the various cargoes abroad the ship.
Fortuitous accidents（意外事故）
such risks as ship stranding(搁浅), striking upon the rocks, ship sinking, ship collision船舶碰撞, colliding with icebergs or other objects, fire, explosion, ship missing, etc.
premium 保费
the sum of money the insured agrees to pay the insurer for an insurance policy
insurance broker 保费经纪人
the middleman in insurance business
claimant 索赔人
When an actual loss occurs, the insured can get fair, efficient and rapid adjustment of his claim, thus becomes the claimant
2.Risks：Perils of the Sea
Main China & foreign insurance companies
PICC (People’s Insurance Company of China) Corporation of LIoyd’s 劳合社: 水险、巨灾、卫星、航空等
ING 荷兰国际集团 (No.13 of World Top 500 ) AXA 法国安盛 (No.15 of World Top 500 ) Allianz 德国安联 (No.16 of World Top 500 ) AIG 美国国际集团 (No.20 of World Top 500 ) GENERALI 意大利忠利(No.21 of World Top 500 ) AVIVA 英国英杰华 (No.28 of World Top 500 )
3)Continuation expenses (延续费用)
made for continuing the journey of consignments after the journey has been stopped by risks under the cover of the insurance policy
1.General Introduction
Cargo transport insurance to protect the interests of importers and exporters from possible financial losses caused by risks during the transit of goods from the factory or warehouse in a country of origin to the warehouse in a country of destination. insurer 保险公司 承保人 the party who insures others against possible loss or damage and undertakes to make payment in case of loss insured 投保人 the party who is insured against possible loss and to whom payment covering the loss will be made
insurance policy 保单
the contract made between the insurer and the insured
insured amount 保险金额
the amount of money the insurer agrees to cover by insurance against the subject matter (which is usually the amount of CIF value of the consignment plus 10% representing an anticipated profit for the buyer)
损失 Losses
部分损失 Partial Loss
4.Expenses Incurred for the Rescue of Insured Cargo
Expenses here fall into the following kinds: 1)Sue and labor expenses （施救费用）
2.Risks：Extraneous Risks
General extraneous risks（一般外来风险）
include the risks of theft, shortage, leakage, dashed by fresh and rain water(雨水淋湿 ), sweating and heating(受 潮受热 ), intermixture and contamination(混杂和沾污), taint of odor(串味险), hook damage(钩损), breakage of packing, rusting(生锈), etc.
key points (Marine Cargo Insurance )
General Introduction Risks
Perils of the Sea Extraneous Risks
Loss
Total Loss Partial Loss
Expenses Incurred for the Rescue of Insured Cargo Scope of Insurance Coverage 保险责任范围 Procedures of Marine Insurance Calculation of Insured Amount How to make the insurance clause
Perils of the sea can further be either natural calamity and fortuitous accidents. Natural calamity (自然灾害)
refers to the perils under force majeure （不可抗力） such as vile weather, thunder storm and lightening(雷 电), tsunami（海啸）, earthquake, flood, etc. The ordinary action of the winds and waves is not taken as natural calamities.
自然灾害 (Natural Calamity)
风险 Risks
外来风险 Extraneous Risks
意外事故 (Fortuitous accidents) 一般外来风险 General Extraneous Risks 特殊外来风险 Special Extraneous Risks
3.Loss: Total Loss
Can be classified into:
Actual Total Loss（实际全损）
The insured subject matter is totally and irretrievably(不能挽回的 ) lost.
Constructive Total Loss（推定全损）
It is estimated that the actual total loss of cargo is inevitable or the cost of salvage(打捞,海上救助) or recovery could have exceed the value of the cargo.
When constructive total loss takes place, the insured can ask the insurer to cover part of his loss or all of his loss. Under the later case, the insured must present to the insurer a notice of abandonment(委付通知), by which he means to transfer all his interest and obligations to the insurer so that he might cover his total loss. The abandonment is effective only after it is accepted by the insurer.
made by the insured or his agent to prevent them from suffering further losses.
2)Salvage charges（救助费用）
made to those other than the insured, the carrier and the ship and the consignments.由保险 人和被保险人以外的第三人采取了有效救助措施，在救助成功后， 由被救方付给救助人的一种报酬。
Special extraneous risks（特殊外来风险）
include the risks on deck（舱面险）, war, strikes, failure of delivery（交货不到险）, rejection, pirate or sea rover(海盗), etc.
海上风险 Perils of the Sea
为了使船舶或船上货物避免共同危险，而有意地、合理地作出 的特殊牺牲或支付的额外费用。 共同海损损失应由船、保险公司、货（包括不同的货主）各方 共同负担。
返回目录
Particular Average:
单独海损
It means that a particular cargo is damaged by any cause and the damage does not come up to a total loss, i.e., only a partial loss, which shall be borne by the owner of this individual consignment.