2019-2020学年人教版高中英语选修8创新教案：Unit 2 Section 5

[技法指导]
1．辩论性议论文的基本结构
第一段：说明辩论的主题(有时文章已给出，有时也可直接进入正题)
第二段：表述正方的观点及其理由
第三段：表述反方的观点及其理由
第四段：陈述自己的观点
2．写辩论性议论文应该注意的几个问题
第一，提出正确鲜明的论点。

一般说来，要把论点写在篇首或段首，使读者很容易地把握文章思路。

第二，重视论据的阐述。

论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理，要有足够的论据，可以选取生活的实例来证明论点。

第三，论证是议论文中必不可少的部分。

一段完整的议论，只有通过论证来证明论据和论点之间的内在逻辑关系，才能将论据和论点融为一体，也才能构成一篇完整的、有说服力的文章。

黄金表达
①There are different opinions among people as to ... Some people think that ...
②Nowadays, it is common to ... Many people like ... because ... Besides ...
③Everything has two sides and ... is not an exception. It has both advantages and disadvantages.
④People's opinions about ... vary from person to person. Some people say that ...
⑤On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ...At the same time, they say ...
⑥But I don't think it is a very good way to solve ...For example, ...Worst of all ...
⑦For one thing ...For another ...
⑧When it comes to me .../As far as I am concerned ...
[写作规范]
[题目要求]
在英语课上，你们的英语老师让你们就该不该发展克隆技术进行了讨论。

请根据下面所给的信息，写一篇英语短文。

内容包括：
1．有的同学赞成，他们认为克隆能帮助人类，例如治疗疾病等；
2．有的同学反对，他们认为克隆技术存在很多问题，例如过程不安全，克隆人会带来灾难等；
3你的观点。

要求：
1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

[三步作文法]
第一步搜索词汇
1．进行班级讨论have a class discussion
2．不同vary
3．治疗一些严重的疾病cure some serious diseases
4．目前at present
5．反对object to
6．持有……的观点hold the view that ...
7．未解决的问题unsolved problems
8．与……有关的be connected with
9．过程procedure
10．正确利用make proper use of
第二步巧用语法和句型
1．我们在英语课上进行了是否应该发展克隆技术的讨论。

We had a class discussion about whether cloning should be developed in the English class.
2．一些学生认为克隆会给人们带来很多益处。

Some students agree that cloning will bring people many benefits.
3．利用克隆，医生能治疗一些目前不能治的严重疾病并拯救生命。

Using cloning, doctors can cure some serious diseases which can't be cured at present and save lives.
4．一些学生反对克隆，他们认为与克隆有关的很多问题还未解决。

Some students object to cloning. They hold the view that cloning has many unsolved problems connected with it.
5．克隆过程不安全，如果克隆人，会给人带来灾难。

The procedure is not safe and it may bring people disasters if human beings are cloned.
第三步连接过渡成篇
We had a class discussion about whether cloning should be developed in the English class. Opinions varied. Some students agree that cloning will bring people many benefits. Using cloning, doctors can cure some serious diseases which can't be cured at present and save lives. However, some students object to cloning. They hold the view that cloning has many unsolved problems connected with it. The procedure is not safe and it may bring people disasters if human beings are cloned.
In my opinion, we should make proper use of cloning and take care to avoid the harm it may bring.
[对应学生课下能力提升(八)]Ⅰ.阅读理解
Based on new analysis, we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe. Geographers predict that within the next eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear. Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter, forcing animals to migrate (迁徙) north.
Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases. Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense. If the changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many of today's familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today's world. It is urgent that we
reduce the risks of these far-reaching consequences for the whole world. The planet itself has been showing signs of change. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought. At this point, it doesn't matter what is causing it, but rather, what can be done about it. What's more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year. There is war and threat of war everywhere. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this. No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了未来气候的变化对人和动物的生存环境的影响。

1．What is the major function of Paragraph 1?
A．To arouse the readers' concern.
B．To introduce the theme of the whole passage.
C．To summarize the whole passage.
D．To state how climate changes.
解析：选B推理判断题。

根据第一段第一句可知，最新研究数据表明，即将到来的世界气候的巨大变化将严重影响社会和环境。

而接下来的几段则是围绕气候变化对社会和环境具体的影响而展开的，由此可推知，第一段主要是介绍文章的主题。

故选B项。

2．What is the author's purpose in using the examples of earthquakes?
A．To show major changes will take place on the planet.
B．To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.
C．To show the damage earthquakes caused.
D．To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.
解析：选A细节理解题。

根据第三段第三句“The planet itself has been showing signs of change.”可知，列举最近地球上所发生的地震是为了说明地球已有发生重大变化的迹象。

故选A项。

3．Which of the following is NOT true of climate changes' effects?
A．Animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
B．It could lead to the spread of diseases.
C．Current world climate zones could shift and completely disappear.
D．Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
解析：选C细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句“Geographers predict that ... completely disappear.”可知，地理学家预计在未来的八十年中，现在的世界气候带可能会改变，有的可能会完全消失，C项中说世界气候带可能会变化并会完全消失，与文中描述不符，故C项表述错误。

故选C项。

4．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Animals and plants won't die out as long as climate changes slowly.
B．There's enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.
C．The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.
D．The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.
解析：选D推理判断题。

根据最后一段第一句“However, other planets ... there may be
some connection between this.”可知，地球并不是唯一一个在经历气候变化的星球。

故选D项。

Ⅱ.任务型阅读
Eyes can speak
Much meaning can be conveyed clearly with our eyes, so it is often said that eyes can speak.
1．In a bus you may look at a stranger, but not for too long. And if he senses that you are staring at him, he may feel uncomfortable.
The same is true in our daily life. If you are stared at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you.2. Eyes do speak, right?
Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive. 3. If a man glances at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to look away from her, his intentions are obvious. He wishes to attract her attention and let her know that he is admiring her.
However, when two people are engaged in a conversation, the speaker will only look into the listener's eyes from time to time to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking. 4. If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking as if trying to control you, you will feel awkward. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim. He wrongly believes that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.5.
Actually, eye contact should be made based on specific relationships and situations.
A．On the contrary, it will give him away.
B．Do you have such kind of experience?
C．That's what normal eye contact is all about.
D．Actually, continuous eye contact is limited to lovers
only.
E．After all, nobody likes to be stared at for quite a long time.
F．But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex.
G．If nothing goes wrong, you will feel annoyed at being stared at that way.
答案：1～5BGFCA
Ⅲ.完形填空
Mac was cycling along a road in Canada's Yukon, halfway through a 2,750-mile bike tour to Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. He was carrying a 30-pound camping bag, 1 he wasn't moving very fast. Suddenly he heard loud breathing behind him.“Man, that's a big dog！”he thought. He looked to the side, but to his great 2 ，he saw that it wasn't a dog, but a wolf, running hard to 3 him.
Mac's heart jumped. He reached for the 4 from his bag. With one hand on the handle bar, he 5 the spray. A bright red cloud covered the wolf 6 ，and it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later it was by his side again. He sprayed a second time, and the wolf fell 7 again, but only to quickly restart its 8 .
The wolf was getting closer and closer，9 a dozen yards away. Mac waved and yelled at passing motorists, but meanwhile 10 hard. He knew clearly that he must be 11 not to slow down. Otherwise, he would become a 12 of the wolf.
Paul and Becky were driving along the same road. From a distance, they spotted what they 13 was a dog running after a man on a bike. As they got 14 ，they realized it was a wolf.
Mac heard a car coming up behind him, and he slowed down. The car veered (改变方向) around the 15 ，then suddenly stopped in front of him. Mac 16 off his bike and dashed for the back 17 of the car. It was locked. Paul quickly 18 the door so as to let Mac in, and the 19 man dived in, shutting the door behind him.
It was quite a while before Mac became 20 and cried out：“I thought I was going to die！”And Paul and Becky were glad that they had given a helping hand to people in need.
语篇解读：本文讲述了一段故事，Mac在骑自行车旅行的途中遇到狼，尽管他努力了，
但是仍然没有击退狼，在他快要放弃并认为自己一定会成为狼的美餐时，Paul and Becky 发现了这一切，机智的救了Mac。

1．A.but B．so
C．for D．or
解析：选B他带着一个30磅的露营包，所以骑的并不快。

根据句意可知选C。

2．A.regret B．disappointment
C．fear D．anger
解析：选C但是令他害怕的是，他看到那不是一条大狗，而是一只狼在努力奔跑想赶上他。

上句提到听到后面有喘息声，他认为是狗，结果看到是一只狼在追她，自然感到很害怕。

regret“遗憾”；disappointment“失望”；fear“害怕”；anger“生气”。

故选C。

3．A.catch up with B．break away from
C．give in to D．come back to
解析：选A参见上题解析。

catch up with“赶上”；break away from“脱离”；give in to“向……屈服”；come back to“回到”，可知选A项。

4．A.hammer B．stick
C．gun D．spray
解析：选D根据下句“With one hand on the handle bar, he 5 the spray.”可知，他拿出来的是喷剂。

故选D项。

5．A.dropped B．pressed
C．threw D．held
解析：选B根据该句中的“spray”并结合语境可知，他按下了喷雾剂。

故选B项。

6．A.in turn B．at last
C．in time D．at random
解析：选C根据该句中的“it fell back, shaking its head”可知，狼后退了，红色喷雾喷出得很及时。

in turn“轮流”；at last“最后”；in time“及时，终于”；at random“胡乱，任意地”。

故选C项。

7．A.back B．down
C．behind D．over
解析：选A他又喷了第二次，狼又一次后退了。

根据上句“it fell back, shaking its head.”可知这里是fell back again，故选A项。

8．A.flight B．race
C．journey D．attack
解析：选D狼又一次后退了，但是迅速重新开始攻击。

故选D项。

9．A.still B．just
C．also D．even
解析：选B狼越来越近，只在几码之外了。

根据语境选B项。

10．A.kicked B．rode
C．hit D．pressed
解析：选B Mac对路过的汽车司机挥手大叫，但是同时他奋力骑车。

故选B项。

11．A.crazy B．wrong
C．careful D．fair
解析：选C他清楚地知道，他必须要小心不能慢下来。

否则，他就会成为狼的受害者。

根据语境可知选C项。

12．A.victim B．competitor
C．killer D．protector
解析：选A victim“受害者”；competitor“比赛者”；killer“杀人者，止痛药”；protector“保护者”。

否则，他就会成为狼的受害者。

可知选A项。

13．A.decided B．declared
C．assumed D．found
解析：选C从远处，他们认为他们看见一条狗在追赶一个自行车上的人。

下句他们靠近发现是狼，可知远处他们猜测是狗。

故选C项。

14．A.faster B．closer
C．stronger D．wiser
解析：选B当他们靠近时，他们意识到那是一只狼。

get closer“靠近”。

故选B。

15．A.climber B．motorist
C．cyclist D．runner
解析：选C汽车在这个骑自行车的人附近转动方向，然后忽然停在他前面。

the cyclist 指代him。

可知选C项。

16．A.sent B．fell
C．turned D．jumped
解析：选D Mac跳下他的自行车，冲向汽车的后门。

根据句意可知选D。

17．A.window B．seat
C．door D．trunk
解析：选C从下文“shutting the door behind him”，可知Mac冲向汽车后门。

故选C。

18．A.bent B．struck
C．blocked D．unlocked
解析：选D根据上句“It was locked”以及空后的“so as to let Mac in”可知，Paul打开门让Mac进去。

故选D项。

19．A.frightened B．worried
C．discouraged D．confused
解析：选A上面描述他被狼追，应该是感到害怕。

可知选A。

20．A.brave B．calm
C．optimistic D．confident
解析：选B过了好久，Mac才镇定下来，并大声说：“我本来以为我要死了呢！”这里和上文感到害怕呼应，故选B。

Ⅳ.语法填空
Although Socrates (苏格拉底) was poor all his life, he never asked his pupils to pay for their lessons. He taught 1. the love of wisdom, not for money. And 2. he had to say was always new and worth hearing. All his pupils loved him.
But his unusual ways of teaching and his demand that students always ask questions made him some 3. (danger) enemies. The rulers did not want to be questioned. So they 4. (false) accused Socrates of teaching young men bad things and 5. (lead) them to ignore religion. In fact Socrates was a very religious man. His enemies had him 6. (arrest), and he was sentenced to death by poisoning.
During the 30 days before he was put to death, his friends and pupils 7. (allow) to visit him in his prison. They were astonished to find that 8. was calm and cheerful. He had no fear of dying. When the deadly poison was finally brought to Socrates, his friends were in 9. (tear), but Socrates seemed to be the 10. (brave) man in the room. He raised the cup and drank it as if it were a glass of banquet wine.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了著名学者苏格拉底的故事。

1．解析：for考查介词。

由“not for money”可知，此处应用介词for，表示“为了”。

2．解析：what考查连词。

what 引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示事物的概念，符合语境。

3．解析：dangerous考查形容词。

修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词dangerous修饰名词enemies。

4．解析：falsely考查副词。

此处用副词falsely修饰动词accused。

5．解析：leading考查动名词。

根据语境及and可知，空处与动名词teaching 并列，故用动名词leading作介词of的宾语。

6．解析：arrested考查非谓语动词。

arrest和句子谓语had之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且与其逻辑主语him构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。

7．解析：were allowed考查动词时态和语态。

根据“was put”可知，此处表示发生在过去的事情，且allow与句子主语his friends and pupils 构成动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，即were allowed。

8．解析：he考查代词。

根据空后一句“He had no fear of dying”可知，此处表示苏格拉底死前很平静，故用人称代词he作宾语从句的主语。

9．解析：tears考查名词的数。

in tears意为“哭泣，流泪”，为固定搭配，故用名词的复数形式。

10．解析：bravest考查形容词最高级。

根据语境可知，此处表示“最勇敢的人”，故用形容词最高级bravest，与空前的定冠词the呼应。

Ⅴ.短文改错
It is known to all that nothing is much precious than time. A famous saying goes，“Time is money”，which shows that time is invaluable. When time is gone, it never return. But it is pity that some people didn't make full use of their time. They spend a lot of time sleep, chatting or playing computer game. They don't realize that wasting time is actual equal to killing themselves. We always regret not having made great achievements. However, to be successful, they should first form the habit of being on time. Don't put down what can be done today until tomorrow. Being lazy will eventually lead to failure.
答案：
第一句：much→more
第三句：return→returns
第四句：pity前加a; didn't→don't
第五句：sleep→sleeping; game→games
第六句：actual→actually
第七句：We→They
第八句：However→Therefore
第九句：down→off。