高中英语 情态动词名师导学导练精析精解 北师大版

高中英语情态动词名师导学导练精析精解北师大版
高考考点导向
情态动词常涉及说话人对所说内容的态度，使用频率较高，也成为历年高考不可缺少的考查内容。

情态动词的正确使用的关键在于准确理解说话人的情感和态度。

历年试题中考查的侧重点有：
1．各个情态动词的基本含义及其用法，尤其是常用的can，must，may，need，dare， should 等情态动词的用法。

2．情态动词与动词完成时结合所表示的不同含义。

3．情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用。

4．情态动词在情景交际中的应用以及回答含有情态动词的问题时常用的答语。

近年来高考试题的命题力求考查真实性的、人们日常说的用的英语语法，通过设置情景将能力考查与语言知识的考查有机地结合起来，这一趋势必然导致在试题中出现情态动词的几率增大，所以学习时要弄清情态动词在不同结构、不同语境中的不同含义。

高考考题解析[考题1)(NMET 典型例题—Are you coming to Jeff's party?
—I'm not sure．I_________go to the concert instead．
A．must B．would C．should D．might
[解析]根据I'm not sure判断，表示说话者不确定，有可能去音乐会。

might表示“可能”；must表示“必须，一定”；would表示“将，愿意”；should表示“应该”。

[答案]D
[考题2](典型例题)
Sorry I’m late．I_________have turnedoff the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again．
A．might B．should C．can D．will
[解析]当用于第三人称或第一人称时，may可以表示一种猜测、判断，“might+have +过去分词”表示对过去情况的判断。

[答案]A
[考题3](典型例题)
My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon，so he_________your lecture．
A．couldn't have attended B．needn't have attended
C．mustn't have attended D．shouldn't have attended
[懈析]“couldn't+have+过去分词”表示过去的“不可能”，与其相对的是“must+have+
过去分词”。

[答案]A
[考题4](典型例题，36)
If only he_________quietly as the doctor instructed，he would not suffer so much now．
A． 1ies B．1ay C．had lain D．should lie
[解析]句意是：如果他像医生所教导的那样静静地躺着，现在他就不会遭受如此之痛苦。

这是一个虚拟语气的句子，从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反，在这种场合下主句、
从句应当分别对待。

从句与过去事实相反用“had+过去分词”，主句与现在事实相反用“would+
动词原形”。

这样的一种现象叫混合虚拟条件句。

[答案]C
[考题5](NMET典型例题 I was really anxious about you．You_________home without
a word．
A．mustn't leave B．shouldn't have left
C．could not have left D．needn't leave
[解析]本题涉及说话人对对方的态度：1 was really anxious about you．You．．．．；前
一句中was anxious在过去，由此可以排除A与D，因为不会由过去的anxious提出现在“不
可以离开家(mustn't leave)”或者现在“没有必要离开家(needn't leave)”的要求；couldn't have．．．表示说话人认为是一种“不可能(impossibility)”。

因此可以排除选项C。

本题的题干中要求选用表达说话人认为是一种“不应该”或“不可取”的行为，应该用shouldn't have left：You shoul dn't have left without a word． (Actually you did．I think it was an undesirable action．)
[答案]B
[考题6)(NMET 典型例题—Is John coming by train?
—He should，but he_________not．He likes driving his car．
A．must B．can C．need D．may
[解析]本题的命题意图为检测考生在特定情景中正确使用情态动词的能力。

本题设定的
情景是生活中常见的。

第一轮对话的句意为：John将乘火车来，是吗?第二轮对话中使用的should表示推测。

句意为：他应该乘火车来的。

接下来的转折词but表明他不一定就那么去做，因为“他喜欢开自己的车。

”首先排除A项，must表示推测时通常用于肯定句中，而mustnot 意思为“不能、禁止做……”，与句意不符。

C项need not意思为“没有必要”，与下一句在意思搭配上不贴切。

如采用needn't，第二句这样说更为妥当：He has his own car。

B项can 和D项may都可以用在否定句中表示推测。

can not表示“不可能”，语气很肯定。

maynot表示“也许不会”，语气没那么肯定。

根据上下文意思，may not更符合题意。

[答案]D
[考题7](典型例题)
—I heard they went skiing in themountains last winter．
—It_________true because therewas little snow there．
A．mav not be B．won't be C．couldn't be D．mustn't be
[解析]根据所提供的情境there was little snow now说明对方所说的去山里滑雪这件事可能不是真的。

couldn't be true表示过去不可能。

选项A (maynotbe)用来表示现在不可能。

[答案]C
[考题8](典型例题)
It has been announced that candidates_________remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected．
A．can B．will C．may D．shall
[解析]shall用于陈述句的第二、第三人称时，表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等，意思是“必须、应、可”。

本题题意是“据宣布，考生在收卷前必须坐在自己的座位上。

”
[答案]D
[考题9](典型例题)
oh，I'm not feeling well in the stomach，I_________so much fried chicken just now．
A．shouldn't eat B．mustn't have eaten
C．shouldn't have eaten D．mustn't eat
[解析]justnow是表示过去的时间状语。

情态动词在表示过去发生的事时，必须用“情态
动词+have+过去分词的形式”。

所以只能在选项B或C中确定答案。

mustn't have eaten是一个错误选项，因为“mustn't+动词”表示“禁止”，不表示判断或推测。

[答案]C
[考题10](典型例题春招)
—The room is so dirty_________we clean it?
—Of course．
A．Will B．Shall C．Would D．Do
[解析]征求对方意见时，shall用于第一人称和第三人称；will用于第二人称，would和do无此用法。

[答案]B
[考题11](典型例题)
It is hard for me to imagine what I would bedoing todayif I_________in love，at theage of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown．
A．wouldn't have fallen B．had not fallen
C．should fall D．were to fall
[解析]根据句意和I would be doing可以判断这是虚拟语气。

at the age of seven是表示过去的时间状语，if从句中的谓语要用had not fallen，表示对过去情况的假设。

这句话的意思是“如果我不是在7岁时就迷恋上了我们家乡的Melinda图书馆，我真不能想像我今天会做什么。

”由于主句中的谓语表示对现在的虚拟，条件句中的谓语表示对过去情况的虚拟，增加了试题的难度，但是，使用排除法可以容易地做出该题，should fall和were to fall 都可以用于条件句中表示对将来的虚拟；wouldn't have fallen不用于条件句中，所以都不能作为答案。

[答案]B
[考题12](典型例题)
_________be sent to work there?
A．Who do you suggest B．Who do you suggest that should
C．Do you suggest who should D．Do you suggest whom should
[解析]这是一个Who引导的特殊疑问句。

Who对宾语从句中的主语提问。

suggest后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词要用should do sth．/be done或be done。

由于这道题既考查了词序，又考查了suggest在特殊疑问句中的用法，增大了试题的难度系数。

[答案]A
[考题13](典型例题春招)
How I wish every family_________a large house with a beautiful garden!
A．has B．had
C：．will have D．had had
[解析]wish后接宾语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。

表示现在时，宾语从句的谓语要用一般过去时。

[答案]B
[考题14](NMET典型例题 A left-luggage office is a place where bags_________be left for a short time，especially at a railway station．
A．should B．can C.must D．will
[解析]本题考查情态动词的用法。

should应该；can能够，会；must必须；will愿意。

题意为“行李寄存处是能够暂时存放行李的地方，尤其是在火车站。

”此处用can表示“可以、能够”。

[答案]B
[考题15](典型例题春招)
My English-Chinese dictionary hasdisappeared．Who _________have taken it?
A．should B．must C．could D．would
[解析]“could have done”表示“过去可能做了某事”，可用于各种句式结构，而其余各项表示推测时只用于肯定句。

[答案]C
[考题16](典型例题)
How_________you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?
A．cad B．must C．need D．may
[解析]can表示可能性时常用于否定句和疑问句，而must和may多用于肯定句；need作情态动词时通常不表示推测用法。

[考题17](NMET 典型例题 You_________be tired_________you've only been working for an hour．
A．must not B．won’t C．can’t D．may not
[解析]检测情态动词的用法。

在否定句中用can't表示“不可能”。

[答案]C
[考题18](NMET典型例题)
—I don't mind telling youwhat l know．
—You_________.I’m not asking you for it．
A．mustn't B．may not C．can't D．needn't
[解析]根据回答“I'm not assking you for itf”看出，“你没有必要告诉我……”，用needn't。

[答案]D
[考题19](典型例题春季)
You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers_________not like thedesign of the furniture．
A．must B．shall C．may D．need
[解析]前文的migLt as well表示：还是……的好；不妨……，由此推断后文语气不是很肯定，所以用may。

[答案]C
高考仿真训练
1．We were all waiting for you．You_________for the seaside by yourself without leaving a message．
A．mustn't leave B．shouldn't have left
C．could not have left D．needn't leave
2．He_________so hurriedly that day；here was still more than halfan hour_________. A．needn't leave；to go B．couldn't leave；to leave
C．oughtn't to leave；leaving D．needn't have left；left
3．Flight CAl818 takes off at 11：00AM．So I_________be at the airport by 10：30 at the latest．
A．shall have to B．may
C．am going to D．am able to
4．_________I tell the head teacher all that has happened?
—No，you_________!Mr li would be terribly angry.
A．Will；needn't B．Would；can
C．Should；mustn't D．Must； don't have to
5．—Where will you start your Work aftergraduation，in the south or in the north?
—Mm，it'snot been decided yet，I_________continue my study for a higher degree． A．need B．must C．would D．might
6．—Where'sour English teacher?
—I can't say for sure where she is, but she_________be out shopping.
A. can
B. should
C. must
D. may
7. Everyone_________make mistakes in his life.
A. can
B. is able to
C. should
D. must
8. He wants to see you._________he come in?
A. Will
B. Shall
C. Must
D. Need
9. Need I go, Mother?_________.
A. Yes, you must
B. Yes, you need
C. No, you mustn't
D. No, you don't
10. Why_________you always interrupt me?
A. must
B. may
C. can
D. will。