四川成都树德中学(外国语校区)最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案

四川成都树德中学（外国语校区）最新高考英语阅读理解精选及答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration Tour
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability —the cherry blossoms—disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours(7miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
（1）Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,
D.C.
D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
（2）What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A. Meet famous people.
B. Go to a national park.
C. Visit well-known museums.
D. Enjoy interesting stories.
（3）Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A. City maps.
B. Cameras
C. Meals.
D. Safety lights.
【答案】（1）A
（2）A
（3）D
【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文介绍了四个有特色的华盛顿特区自行车之旅。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第一段中的"Reserve your spot before availability—the cherry blossoms—disappear!可知，华盛顿的樱花自行车之旅需要在樱花消失之前预定好位置，故选A。

（2）细节理解题。

根据第三段中的"Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks."可知，在首都自行车之旅中可以听到导游讲的有关总统、国会、纪念碑等有趣的故事，故选D。

（3）细节理解题。

根据第四段中的All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights可知，夜间自行车之旅配备反光背心和安全灯，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

涉及细节理解题，要注意仔细阅读从文中寻找答案。

2．阅读理解
Engineers in Upstate New York have invented a folded paper device that looks like a decorated art project. But don't be fooled. This is actually a paper-based battery. No, it doesn't look like any of those metal batteries running flashlights or smartphones. In these systems, the battery can be printed on a page. The battery's power consists of living bacteria.
Paper electronics are simple to make and inexpensive, notes study leader Seokheun Choi, an engineer at Binghamton University. They need no electrical outlet to recharge. They just need more bacteria, which can be found everywhere — including dirty water.
"Most batteries use chemicals to generate electricity. Substituting bacteria can be an advantage," Choi says. "They are cheap and self-repairing." What paper-based batteries won't do is generate much power. They do, however create enough to run small devices in faraway or dangerous places — such as a battlefield. They might also find use in medicine. For instance, they might power tiny sensors, such as the types used to measure blood sugar.
This invention is based on an observation made more than a century ago — that microbes (微生物) produce electricity as they digest food. Scientists refer to the bio-batteries based on this principle as microbial fuel cells. A fuel cell generates electricity like a regular battery. But a regular battery stops producing electricity when its inner chemical reactions stop. A fuel cell uses fuel that can be refilled. In this case, bacteria serve as the fuel. By refilling more microbes, as needed, scientists can keep these fuel cells running.
Lab tests have shown that the new battery can produce a current. Now, Choi and his team are looking at ways to increase the power. They're studying different shapes and materials for the anode and cathode (正负极). They're also looking for the best ways to combine batteries for more power. The beauty of the paper devices is that you can simply fold them to connect them. And they surely will be a trend in the near future.
（1）What makes the paper-based batteries different from other batteries?
A. They are mainly used to run smartphones.
B. They use bacteria to generate electricity.
C. They are used to decorate small devices.
D. They take a much shorter time to recharge.（2）What can the paper-based batteries do?
A. Power tiny devices.
B. Lower blood sugar levels.
C. Produce much electricity.
D. Change chemicals in the paper.
（3）What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A. The application of the new battery.
B. The characteristics of the paper batteries.
C. The intention to invent the device.
D. The working principle of the invention.
（4）What is the author's attitude towards the development of the paper-based batteries?
A.Defensive.
B.Optimistic.
C.Doubtful.
D.Ambiguous.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸基电池的原理，这种电池可以通过微生物进行充电，同时，该电池也可以运用在医学方面，如测试血糖等。

研发团队则在寻找能使该电池储存更多电量的方法。

该电池最大的优势是可以随时随地折叠起来带走。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"They need no electrical outlet to recharge. They just need more bacteria, which can be found everywhere — including dirty water."这种电池是不需要外接发电设备进行充电的，只需要细菌就可以充电了，这是该电池与传统电池的不同之处。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"What paper-based batteries won't do is generate much power. They do, however create enough to run small devices in faraway or dangerous places"纸基电池不会储存很多的电量，但这些电量还是能远程支持一些小型设备或运用在一些危险的地方，A项符合题意，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据第四段中的"This invention is based on an observation made more than a century ago — that microbes（微生物）produce electricity as they digest food"，这项发明是基于百年前的一项观察，即微生物在消化食物的时候会产生电量。

因此，科学家们"Scientists refer to the bio-batteries based on this principle as microbial fuel cells"根据这一原理将生物电池成为微生物燃料电池。

由此可知，第四段介绍了生物电池的工作原理，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"The beauty of the paper devices is that you can simply fold them to connect them"该电池的优点是，人们可以简单地通过折叠来连接它们。

作者用到beauty"优点"一词来说明该设备，说明作者对于该设备持一种积极的态度。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.
The results show that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.
James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. "An individual's genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role," he added.
A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. "Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy," he said. "This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease among taller people."
But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many African countries causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.
"One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,"said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential(潜力)in terms of height.
Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications "How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in," he said. "If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come."
（1）What does the global study tell us about people's height in the last century?
A. The increase in people's height has been quickening.
B. The increase in women's height is bigger than in men's.
C. There is a remarkable difference across continents.
D. There has been a noticeable increase in most countries.
（2）What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?
A. They enjoy an easier life.
B. They tend to live longer.
C. They risk fewer deadly diseases.
D. They have greater expectations in life.
（3）What does the underlined word "reversed" in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Slowed down.
B. Gone upwards.
C. Changed to the contrary.
D. Come to life again.（4）What does James Bentham suggest we do?
A. Ensure children's proper nutrition and healthcare.
B. Improve the economic situation of some countries.
C. Watch the global trend of increasing height closely.
D. Attach great importance to environmental protection.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。

全球身高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。

我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境的影响。

如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。

作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.“在过去的一个世纪里，人们的身高不断增长，韩国女性的平均身高增加了20厘米以上，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。

一项全球研究调查了1914年至2014年间200个国家18岁青年的平均身高。

"可知，这项全球研究调查了1914年到2014年200个国家18岁年轻人的平均身高，得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的”Being taller is associated wi th longer life expectancy“可知，身材更高的人平均寿命更长。

故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第五段中的”While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century“而在20世纪早期，乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加；以及”with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.“在18岁的人群中，随着身高的下降。

可知，reversed的意思是"反转"。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的”If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.“如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来的几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。

可知，他建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
We have many trips for you to explore the world your way. Our travel ideas are as diverse as the world itself and are designed to let you experience it. Please start with the following four trips.
Athens and Crete Explorer
Designed to thrill people of all ages, this family London vacation explores the sights, history and magic of this great city. Visit the world of Harry Potter, the original Madame Tussaud's Wax Museum, and take the Original London Sightseeing Tour.
Duration: 9 Days Prices From: US$ 634
Trip Type: Family Vacations, Stopovers/City Breaks, Tailor-made Travel Ideas
Explore the two most popular cities of Australia and New Zealand on this air-land tour. Start in Sydney, where you'll tour the Sydney Opera House, sail across the famous harbour, and see koalas and kangaroos at Taronga Zoo. Then head on to Auckland where you'll explore the twin harbours, learn about Maori traditions, and enjoy unbeatable views of the landscape. Duration: 11 Days Prices From: US$ 1,999
Trip Type: Vacation Packages with Airfare
This tour is a true classic designed to give the traveler with limited time a superb introduction to the civilization of Ancient Egypt, focusing on the Nile and its importance to the people. The ancient land of Egypt inspires the imagination like no other. Unlock the land of the Pharaohs on this 9 day journey along the Nile.
Duration: 9 Days Prices From: US$ 1,495
Trip Type: Classics (Bestsellers), Tailor-made Travel Ideas
A. London for Families.
B. Australia & New Zealand.
C. Classic Egypt.
D. Athens and Crete Explorer.
（2）If you are on the trip to London for Families, you will see ________.
A.the ancient Oracle
B.the world of Harry Potter
C.koalas and kangaroos
D.the ancient land of Egypt
（3）From the text, it can be learnt that all the four trips ________.
A.have the same trip type
B.take more than one week
C.take more than US$ 1000
D.enjoy their famous diet
（4）Where is the text probably taken from?
A.A travel brochure.
B.A science fiction.
C.A storybook.
D.A textbook.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个旅游行程。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据Athens and Crete Explorer部分中的”Trip Type: Romance & Honeymoon, Tailor-made Travel Ideas“旅行类型：浪漫蜜月，量身定做的旅行创意，可推知，新婚夫妇极可能会选择Athens and Crete Explorer”雅典和克里特岛探险家“。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据London for Families部分中的”Visit the world of Harry Potter“参观哈利波特的世界，可知，如果参加伦敦的家庭之旅，你会看到哈利波特的世界。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解题。

根据四个旅游行程中Duration（持续时间）的介绍信息“Duration: 8 Days ，Duration: 9Days，Duration: 11Days”可知，这四个旅游行程都超过了一周。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的”We have many trips for you to explore the world your way. Our travel ideas are as diverse as the world itself and are designed to let you experience it. Please start with the following four trips.“我们有很多旅行供您以您的方式探索世界。

我们的旅游理念和世界本身一样多样化，旨在让您体验它。

请从以下四次旅行开始。

可推知，这篇文章可能来自于旅游手册。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
At one time or another in your life you have probably done origami, even if it was just making a paper airplane or something more complicated like a paper crane. The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. Animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it. No cutting, no pasting.
But did you ever stop to think how the same techniques might be applied to engineering? Equipment that could be of real practical use? Origami meets the demand for things that need to be small when transported and large when they arrive, like the everyday umbrella. In fact, origami-inspired creations have already flown in space; in 1995, Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map.
'It's now mathematically proven that you can pretty much fold anything," says physicist Robert J. Lang, who quit his engineering job eight years ago to fold things full time. Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard. He is currently working on a space telescope lens that, if all goes according to plan, should be able to unfold to the size of a football field.
At the other end of the scale, researchers are also working on tiny folding devices that could lead to breakthroughs in medicine and computing. There's no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny, folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory.
Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine. "Some day," says MIT's Erik Demaine, "we'll build reconfigurable (可重构的) robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another, like Transformers. Too much like science fiction to be true? Maybe—though you certainly wouldn't want to bet against it."
（1）What do we know about origami?
A. It consumes lots of time.
B. It involves interesting ideas.
C. It requires complex techniques.
D. It has to do with cutting and pasting.
（2）Which of the following is an application of origami?
A. A space telescope lens can be folded to the size of an umbrella.
B. A satellite is equipped with solar panels and a folded map.
C. An airbag can be better folded into a dashboard of a car.
D. A future computer contains many huge folded motors.
（3）What is Erik Demaine's attitude towards origami engineering?
A. Hopeful
B. Doubtful.
C. Disapproving.
D. Ambiguous.
（4）In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Entertainment.
B. Culture.
C. Education.
D. Pop-science.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，折纸是一种具有创造性的传统艺术，而现在它已经被应用到技术工程领域，人们利用折纸原理创造出了很多可折叠的装置。

折纸工程将在很大程度上影响未来的医药、计算机和机器人行业。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. Animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it. No cutting, no pas ting.”可知，折纸是一个具有创造性的传统艺术，我们不用裁剪或拼贴，只通过折叠就可以把一张正方形或者三角形的纸变成动物、纸盒、花、船等东西，由此推测折纸需要有创造性的和有趣的想法。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard.”可知折纸爱好者Lang向一位制造商建议了把安全气囊折叠到仪表盘中的最佳方式。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine”可知Erik Demaine认为折纸工程的应用远远超出了我们的想象，由此可推测Erik Demaine对折纸工程的未来充满希望。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“in 1995, Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map.”；第三段中的“Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard.”；第四段中的“There's no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny, folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory. ”和第五段中的“‘Some day,’ says MIT's Erik Demaine, ‘we'll build reconfigurable (可重构的) robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another, like Transformers.’”可知卫星，安全气囊的折叠，未来电脑的发展和未来可重构机器人，这些都和科学技术相关，故推测本文很有可能出现在报纸的科学板块。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需
要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Imagine a school where self-awareness is celebrated, students are encouraged to solve maths problems by writing on the walls and applying learned lessons to real life is more important than homework. These are a few of the concepts that makes Space of Mind School unique.
Located in a home built in 1896 in Florida, US, the program serves students in grades 2 through 12 and will accept kindergarten students next year. It also offers an after-school program for students who attend traditional schools, as well as evening programs for adults and educators and weekend events for families.
There is a different atmosphere from that of a traditional school building. Tables and brightly colored walls are white boards. In the science room, students are studying climate changes at a weather station, while in the music room, a student is solving an equation (等式) with his academic coach while he connects music theory and maths.
The daily schedule at the school also stands out. "We don't assign boring or exhausting homework." said Space of Mind founder and CEO Ali Kaufman. "Instead of homework, we ask that they go home and take a video of themselves applying a lesson they learned or cooking a meal for their family that they learned how to make at school."
For lunch, instead of traditional cafeteria dishes such as pizza, the school offers organic meals made out of products from local gardens and farms. "Our students also run a business at the Delray Beach Green Market on Saturdays so they can understand sustainable living practices and how to run a business," Kafman said.
" We are also the first school program in Florida to start and end each day with 15 minutes of meditation (冥想)," Kaufman said. "The positive results we have been seeing in the students from meditation are amazing. We are really about infusing social, emotional and creative skills with academic and life skills."
（1）Space of Mind School_________.
A. assigns no homework.
B. urges students to use what they learn.
C. teaches students to earn money in class.
D. focuses on knowledge learning.
（2）What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Yoga enjoys great popularity in US.
B. The practice of meditation is amazing.
C. The meditation session lasts 15 minutes daily.
D. The students benefit from meditation.（3）The underlined word "infusing" in the last paragraph probably means______.
A. emphasizing
B. checking
C. developing
D. helping
（4）What is the text mainly about?
A. What makes Space of Mind School outstanding.
B. Why Space of Mind School is popular in US.
C. How the after-class programs of space of Mind School are organized.
D. How Space of Mind School cultivates students' life skills.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Space of Mind School一些独特的理念和做法。

这些使得Space of Mind School与众不同。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段"Imagine a school where self-awareness is celebrated, students are encouraged to solve maths problems by writing on the walls and applying learned lessons to real life is more important than homework. These are a few of the concepts that makes Space of Mind School unique."可知，Space of Mind School推崇自我意识，学生们被鼓励通过在墙上写字来解决数学问题，并将学到的知识应用到实际生活中。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"The positive results we have been seeing in the students from meditation are amazing."可知，我们从学生的冥想中看到的积极结果是惊人的。

由此可知，冥想是有好处的。

故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据最后一段中的 "The positive results we have been seeing in the students from meditation are amazing."可知，冥想对学生有积极的影响。

再结合划线词后的skills可知，冥想可以"培养"学生的社交、情感和创新技能以及他们的学术和生活技能。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

第一段介绍了一些使得Space of Mind School独一无二的理念。

第二段是对Space of Mind School的简介。

第三段介绍的是Space of Mind School与众不同的氛围。

第四段介绍的是它独特的日程安排。

第五段介绍的是其独特的午餐。

最后一段介绍了其首创的冥想活动。

这些都使得Space of Mind School与众不同，独一无二。

综上，文章主要介绍了使得Space of Mind School突出的因素。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
"If they hated me they didn't talk to me about it," says a young German manager at a media firm in Frankfurt. Still, he says it was noticeable that when an employee 20 years older than him thanked him for buying lunch he had to swallow twice before adding the word "boss".
Older workers sometimes envy being managed by a younger colleague. Precocious (老成的) youngsters, too, can feel awkward about bossing their elders around. But in Germany a shortage of skilled workers means that such situations are becoming even more common.
The country's population is projected to shrink. As more Germans retire, fewer youngsters are entering the work-place to replace them. As a share of the working population the number of 15-to-24-year-olds has fallen by ten percent since the 1980s, says the German Federal Employment Agency. Firms competing to hire young talent have to promote them earlier as a result. A paper by professors at the university of Cambridge and WHU, a German business school, to be published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior, suggests this could be a problem.
As in many countries, German work-places are legally obliged to overlook age when deciding whom to promote. Yet according to Jochen Menges, one of the authors, when an ordinary worker
leap-frogs a more experienced one it can leave the latter with feelings of "anger, fear and disgust." People tend to judge their own standing by the success of their peers, and to see failure in being bossed about by someone younger. The relationship between feelings of anxiety and the age of the boss is clear, according to Mr Menges. A manager who is younger by one year is somewhat unsettling; a gap of 20 years is far more discouraging.
German firms certainly shouldn't return to a system in which age equals to rank. But young people tend to be sensitive about managing upwards. And older workers should be encouraged to see the bright side of learning new skills. Daimler, a big German car firm, says it promotes age- mixed teams, so that knowledge can be transferred between generations. It also supports young managers by asking retired employees to provide temporary support.
（1）For what does the author mention a young German manager and his experience in Paragraph 1?
A. To introduce the topic.
B. To present an argument.
C. To attract readers' interest.
D. To describe his own idea.
（2）Why are some precocious youngsters bossing their elders around in Germany?
A. Precocious youngsters are all skilled workers.
B. Such situations are becoming more common.
C. Fewer youngsters would like to do hard work.
D. Companies compete fiercely to hire young talent.
（3）In which of the following situations might an employee regard himself as a failure according to the passage?
A. When he has to decide whom to promote.
B. When he leap-frogs a more experienced worker.
C. When he is being bossed about by someone younger.
D. When he experiences feelings of anger, fear and disgust.
（4）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. A younger boss is more likely to be nervous and anxious.
B. An employee with a younger boss tends to suffer from anxiety.
C. There is a connection between anxiety and the age of promotion.
D. The age of the boss and anxiety are closely related.
（5）What can we learn from the passage?
A. Qualified workers should be promoted to boss.
B. Older workers should support younger managers.
C. Older workers are no better than younger colleagues.
D. You are never too old to learn, or too young to manage.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
（5）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由于德国年轻人数量下降，竞相雇佣年轻人才的公
司不得不更早地提拔年轻人来做管理人员，拥有一位年轻的老板对员工无形中也产生了焦虑感。

就此应该鼓励老员工看到学习新技能的光明面，以及组建年龄混合的团队。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的”Still, he says it was noticeable that when an employee 20 years older than him thanked him for buying lunch he had to swallow twice before adding the word ’boss‘.“不过，他说，值得注意的是，当一名比他大20岁的员工感谢他买了午餐时，他不得不吞下两口，然后才加上“老板”一词。

提到的事例以及第二段中的”Older workers sometimes envy being managed by a younger colleague. Precocious youngsters, too, can feel awkward about bossing their elders around. But in Germany a shortage of skilled workers means that such situations are beco ming even more common.“年长的员工有时会羡慕被年轻的同事管理。

早熟的年轻人也会因为对长辈颐指气使而感到尴尬。

但在德国，熟练工人的短缺意味着这种情况变得更加普遍。

对第一段的现象进行解释说明，可知作者在第一段中提到了一个年轻的德国经理和他的经历是为了引入主题。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的”15-to-24-year-olds has fallen by ten percent since the 1980s, says the German Federal Employment Agency. Firms competing to hire young talent have to promote them earlier as a result.“德国联邦职业介绍所表示，自上世纪80年代以来，15至24岁的年轻人数量下降了10%。

因此，竞相雇佣年轻人才的公司不得不更早地提拔他们。

可知在德国有些早熟的年轻人对长辈颐指气使，这是因为公司为雇佣年轻人才的激烈竞争，导致年轻人更早地被提拔为管理人员。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的”Pe ople tend to judge their own standing by the success of their peers, and to see failure in being bossed about by someone younger.“人们倾向于根据同龄人的成功来判断自己的地位，并认为被年轻人左右是失败的。

可知当员工被更年轻的人颐指气使的时候，他会认为自己是失败的。

故选C。

（4）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中的”A manager who is younger by one year is somewhat unsettling; a gap of 20 years is far more discouraging. “一个年轻一岁的经理有点让人不安；20年的差距更让人沮丧。

可推知老板年龄越年轻，员工的焦虑感越明显，故可推知划线句子意思是：拥有年轻老板的员工往往会感到焦虑。

故选B。

（5）考查主旨大意。

根据最后一段中的”But young people tend to be sensitive about managing upwards. And older workers should be encouraged to see the bright side of learning new skills. Daimler, a big German car firm, says it promotes age- mixed teams, so that knowledge can be transferred between generations. It also supports young managers by asking retired employees to pro vide temporary support.“但年轻人往往对向上管理很敏感。

应该鼓励老员工看到学习新技能的光明面。

德国大型汽车公司戴姆勒表示，他们提倡年龄混合的团队，这样知识就可以在几代人之间传递。

它还通过要求退休员工提供临时支持来支持年轻的管理者。

结合文章主要内容围绕着德国管理者倾向年轻化的问题，主要是说明了人们应当活到老学到老，永远不会因为太年轻而无法管理。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解。