高二英语人教版选修七讲义Unit5SectionⅢ

[语法初识]
原句感知自主探究
①Xie Lei, who is 21 years old, has e to our university to study for a business qualification.
②She is halfway through the preparation year, which most foreign students plete before applying for a degree course.
③“You have to get used to a whole new way of life, which can take up all your concentration in the beginning，” explained Xie Lei, who had lived all her life in the same city in China.
④Living with host families, in which there may be other college students, gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture.
⑤Ne w Concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to us all.(1)通过观察以上句子，我们发现非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。

如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。

书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。

译成汉语时，从句常译成一个句子。

(2)在句④中，关系代词which前使用了介词in；选用介词in的原因是由先行词families决定的。

(3)在句②中，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的一部分the_preparation_year；在句③、⑤中，which指代整个主句的内容。

语法点一引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
关系词先行词在定语从句中作的成分
关系代词
who 人主语whom 人宾语which 物/整个主句主语/宾语whose(＝of
whom或of
which)
人/物定语as 人/物/整个主句主语/宾语
关系when 时间名词时间状语
昨天给我们作报告的李先生在北京大学教书。

(作主语，不可换成that)
Xiao Wang, whom they often talk about, is going to America next month.
他们经常谈到的那个小王下个月要去美国。

(宾语)
I congratulate my neighbour, whose son has just won the election.
我祝贺我的邻居，他的儿子刚刚赢得选举。

(定语)
We will put off the outing until next week, when we won't be so busy.
我们把郊游推迟到下星期，那时我们就不会这么忙了。

(时间状语)
She is going to spend the summer holiday in Tsingtao，where she has some relatives. 她准备到青岛过暑假，在那儿她有一些亲戚。

(地点状语)
The earth goes around the sun, as we all know.
众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。

(宾语)
即时演练1
句型转换
①They are all making a journey to Tibet. I have been there three times.
→They are all making a journey to Tibet, where I have been three times.
②They gave us many books. There is much information we need in them.
→They gave us many books, in which there is much information we need.
③He has three sons. Two of them are doctors.
→He has three sons, two of whom are doctors.
④He is from England. Everyone here knows that.
→He is from England, as is known to everyone here.
⑤Mary was late for class again. That made her teacher very angry.
→Mary was late for class again, which made her teacher very angry.
正如今天的报纸上说的，我们必须改进工作作风。

(as引导非限制性定语从句，代指后句we must improve our style of work)
Taiwan, as we all know, belongs to China.
众所周知，台湾属于中国。

(as引导非限制性定语从句，代指整句意思)
It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.
昨天雨下得很大，这阻止了我去公园。

(which引导非限制性定语从句，代指前句It rained hard yesterday)
[点津]as引导的定语从句，常用在一些固定结构中：
as is known to all众所周知
as has been said before 如前所说
as is often the case 情况常常如此
as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样
as often happens 这种情况常常发生
即时演练2
选词填空：as, which
①As we had expected, Tom passed the driving test.
②Global warming, as we all know, has caused a lot of natural disasters.
③Tom passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.
④He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.
那套房子位于市中心，是我们上个月买的。

(非限制性定语从句，不表明有多少套房子) The house which/that we bought last month lies in the centre of the city.
我们上个月买的那套房子位于市中心。

(限制性定语从句，暗含“可能有若干套房子”之意)
即时演练3
3－
①The book, that he lost yesterday, has been found. that→which
②Peter, who you met in London, is now back in Paris. who→whom
③I had told them the reason, why I didn't attend the meeting. why→for_which
④他住在北京，从这里到那儿有5个小时的车程。

He_lives_in_Beijing,_which_is_about_five_hours'_ride_from_here.
⑤他们居住的城市正在发生巨大变化。

Great_changes_are_taking_place_in_the_city_(which/that)_they_live_in.
句中作定语时用whose。

Could you lend me a pen, with which I want to fill in this form?
你能借我一支填写这个表格的钢笔吗？
The family, at whose house I stayed, are friends of my father's.
那家人是我父亲的朋友，我在他们家住过。

I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.
我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。

[点津]介词的选择：
(1)根据与从句中的动词、形容词或名词所构成的固定短语来确定。

(2)根据与先行词的搭配来确定。

(3)根据整个句意来确定。

即时演练4
用适当的关系词或介词填空
①I told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the party last week.
②There are varieties of ways in which we can solve this problem.
③Eleven people got killed in the accident, of whom the identities haven't been available.
④With the fast development of agriculture, the people, in whose village she taught 10 years ago, have lived a happy life.
⑤The police arrived, after which the situation became calmer.
[链接高考]
用适当的关系词填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)You'd better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, which makes it easier for you to go through the class.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The exhibition, the theme of which is “beauty of China”，will take place in the school hall from 2 to 5 on the afternoon of June 21.
3．(2016·天津高考)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
4．(2016·浙江高考)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.
5．(2016·江苏高考)Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
6．(2015·四川高考)The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
7．(2015·江苏高考)The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
8．(2015·北京高考)Opposite is St.Paul's Church, where/in_which you can hear some lovely music.
9．(2015·重庆高考)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.
10．(2015·福建高考书面表达)In the picture, we can see a boy in worn clothes, who was reading a book with full attention.
[针对演练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Li Ping passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.
2．Mo Yan, most of whose novels have been adapted for films, is now a world-famous writer.
3．The living standard of the people in China, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past decades.
4．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently.
5．We walked down the village street, where people were having a market day.
6．His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
7．They asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn't answer.
8．Mr Smith, from whom I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist.
9．A lot of language learning, as has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
10．You will have to wait for one more week, when the manager will be back from his trip.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．As the saying goes, interest is the best teacher.
俗话说，兴趣是最好的老师。

2．The place, which_I_visited before, has changed greatly.
这个地方我以前参观过，变化很大。

3．This note was left by Tom, who_was_here a moment ago.
这个便条是汤姆留下的，刚才他还在这里。

4．I have invited more than one hundred friends to the party, most_of_whom are from abroad.
我邀请了100多位朋友参加宴会，他们中大多数来自国外。

5．He lived in a big house, in_front_of_which stood a big tree.
他住在一个大房子里，在房子的前面有一棵大树。

Ⅲ.短文改错
Dear Headmaster，
I am writing to talk about the canteen of our school. There are only a few stand in the canteen, that leads to lots of students having to line up for food. It is waste of time，isn't it? But at times the food is not fresh and does not taste deliciously. So it's not surprising that some students chose to go to the street to buy junk food which do harm to their health. Would you think about that how to improve it? I would appreciate you if you could take some measures. Hopefully, my opinion can be taken to account.
Jack 答案：第二句：stand→stands; that→which
第三句：waste前加a
第四句：But→And; deliciously→delicious
第五句：chose→choose; do→does
第六句：去掉that
第七句：第一个you→it
第八句：to→into。