书法介绍英文版CalligraphyIntroduction完整版
向外国友人介绍中国书法的英语作文

向外国友人介绍中国书法的英语作文全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1Introduction to Chinese CalligraphyChinese calligraphy is a unique and traditional art form that has been practiced in China for centuries. It is not only a means of communication but also a form of artistic expression. Chinese calligraphy is considered one of the highest forms of Chinese art and is highly revered in Chinese culture.The history of Chinese calligraphy can be traced back to ancient China, where it was used as a form of written communication. Over time, calligraphy evolved into an art form, with emphasis placed on the beauty of the characters and the skill of the calligrapher. Chinese calligraphy is based on the principles of brushwork, composition, and ink and paper quality.One of the distinguishing features of Chinese calligraphy is the use of brush and ink. Calligraphers use a variety of brushes, made from different materials such as bamboo or wolf hair, to create different brush strokes. The ink used in Chinesecalligraphy is typically black or dark brown and is made from soot or charcoal.The composition of Chinese calligraphy is also important. Calligraphers pay careful attention to the balance and harmony of the characters on the page. The size, shape, and spacing of the characters all play a role in creating a visually pleasing composition.In addition to brushwork and composition, the quality of the ink and paper used in Chinese calligraphy is also important. High-quality paper and ink help to enhance the appearance of the characters and ensure that the calligraphy lasts for a long time.Chinese calligraphy is a highly respected art form in Chinese culture. It is seen as a reflection of the calligrapher's personality and emotions. Calligraphy is often used in Chinese paintings, poetry, and other forms of art to enhance the overall aesthetic appeal.Overall, Chinese calligraphy is a beautiful and traditional art form that has been practiced for centuries. It is highly regarded in Chinese culture and has influenced many other forms of art around the world. If you are interested in learning more aboutChinese calligraphy, I highly recommend exploring this fascinating art form further.篇2Introduction to Chinese CalligraphyChinese calligraphy, also known as "shufa" in Chinese, is a traditional art form that has been practiced for thousands of years in China. It is considered one of the highest forms of visual art, along with painting and poetry, in traditional Chinese culture. Chinese calligraphy is not just a means of communication, but also a way of expressing one's emotions, thoughts, and personality.History of Chinese CalligraphyChinese calligraphy has a long history that dates back to ancient China. The earliest known examples of Chinese calligraphy can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty (c.1600-1046 BC). During the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC), calligraphy began to take shape and became more formalized.In the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), a standard script called "lishu" was developed, which became the basis of modern Chinese calligraphy. Over the centuries, various styles of calligraphy emerged, such as clerical script, cursive script, andseal script, each with its own unique characteristics and aesthetic appeal.Features of Chinese CalligraphyChinese calligraphy is characterized by its use of brush and ink on paper or silk. The four essential tools of Chinese calligraphy are the brush, ink, paper, and inkstone. The brush is made of animal hair, such as goat, wolf, or rabbit, and can vary in size and shape. The ink is made from soot that is mixed with water and comes in solid form. The paper used for Chinese calligraphy is usually rice paper or Xuan paper, which can absorb ink well and give the strokes a smooth and flowing look.Chinese calligraphy is based on strokes that are made with the brush in a flowing and rhythmic manner. The quality of a calligraphic work is judged by the balance, harmony, and rhythm of the strokes, as well as the artist's skill in controlling the brush and ink. Each stroke in Chinese calligraphy is imbued with meaning and symbolism, and the arrangement of strokes on the paper reflects the artist's personal style and artistic sensibility.Styles of Chinese CalligraphyThere are five main styles of Chinese calligraphy, known as "wubi" in Chinese. These styles are based on historical scripts andhave been passed down through the generations. The five styles are:1. Seal script (zhuanshu): This is the oldest style of Chinese calligraphy, dating back to the Shang Dynasty. Seal script is characterized by its geometric and angular shapes, which are similar to the characters found on ancient seals and bronze inscriptions.2. Clerical script (lishu): This is a more formal and standardized style of calligraphy that was developed during the Han Dynasty. Clerical script is characterized by its straight and even strokes, which are easy to read and understand.3. Regular script (kaishu): This is the most common style of Chinese calligraphy, which is the standard script used in modern China. Regular script is characterized by its balanced and symmetrical strokes, which are easy to write and read.4. Running script (xingshu): This style of calligraphy is more cursive and flowing than regular script, with strokes that are connected and fluid. Running script is often used for informal writing and personal correspondence.5. Cursive script (caoshu): This is the most artistic and expressive style of Chinese calligraphy, with strokes that arehighly abstract and stylized. Cursive script is often used for poetry and other creative writings.ConclusionChinese calligraphy is a rich and vibrant art form that reflects the beauty and complexity of traditional Chinese culture. It is a way of expressing oneself through the written word, as well as a means of appreciating the aesthetic beauty of the Chinese language. Through the careful study and practice of Chinese calligraphy, one can gain a deeper understanding of Chinese history, culture, and philosophy. I hope this introduction to Chinese calligraphy has sparked your interest in this ancient and revered art form. Thank you for listening.篇3Introduction to Chinese CalligraphyChinese calligraphy, also known as "Shufa" in Chinese, is a traditional art form that has a long history dating back thousands of years. It is considered one of the highest forms of Chinese art and is highly revered in Chinese culture. Chinese calligraphy is not only a form of writing, but also a form of art that conveys the artist's emotions, thoughts, and spirit.Chinese calligraphy uses a brush, ink, and paper as its main tools. The brush is made of animal hair, usually from a goat, wolf, or rabbit, and the ink is made from grinding an ink stick against an ink stone and mixing it with water. Different brushes, inks, and papers can create different styles and effects in calligraphy.There are five main styles of Chinese calligraphy, each with its own unique characteristics and history. These styles are Seal Script (Zhuan Shu), Clerical Script (Li Shu), Standard Script (Kai Shu), Running Script (Xing Shu), and Cursive Script (Cao Shu). Each style has its own rules and conventions, but all styles focus on the beauty and harmony of the written characters.Chinese calligraphy is not only a form of art, but also a way of self-cultivation and meditation for many Chinese people. By practicing calligraphy, one can cultivate concentration, patience, and a peaceful mind. Calligraphy is also used in many traditional Chinese ceremonies and rituals, such as writing scrolls for auspicious events, creating seals for official documents, and inscribing poems on objects.In conclusion, Chinese calligraphy is a unique and ancient art form that embodies the beauty and culture of China. It is a form of writing that goes beyond mere words, but conveys the artist's emotions and spirit. To truly appreciate Chinese calligraphy, onemust understand its history, styles, and techniques. It is an art form that has stood the test of time and continues to be cherished by people all over the world.。
书法介绍 英文带翻译

书法介绍英文带翻译The Art of Calligraphy: A Timeless Tradition。
书法艺术,永恒的传统。
Calligraphy, the art of beautiful writing, has been a part of human culture for centuries. From ancient China to modern-day Europe, calligraphy has been used to communicate ideas, express emotions, and create art that transcends language and culture. In this article, we will explore the history, techniques, and significance of calligraphy as an art form.书法,即美丽书写的艺术,已经成为人类文化的一部分数个世纪。
从中国古代到现代欧洲,书法一直被用来传达思想,表达情感,创造跨越语言和文化的艺术。
在本文中,我们将探讨书法作为艺术形式的历史、技巧和意义。
History of Calligraphy。
书法的历史。
The origins of calligraphy can be traced back to ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Greece, and China. In China, calligraphy was considered one of the highest forms of art and was often practiced by scholars and artists. The earliest examples of Chinese calligraphy date back to the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BCE) and were inscribed on oracle bones used for divination.书法的起源可以追溯到古代文明,如埃及、希腊和中国。
(完整word版)中国书法介绍(英文版)CalligraphyIntroduction

CalligraphyCalligraphy is understood in China as the art of writing a good hand with the brush or the study of the rules and techniques of this art. As such it is peculiar to China and the few countries influenced by ancient Chinese culture.In the history of Chinese art, calligraphy has always been held in equalimportance to painting. Great attention is also paid today to itsdevelopment by holding exhibitions of ancient and contemporary worksand by organizing competitions among youngsters and people fromvarious walks of life. Sharing of experience in this field often makes afeature in Sino-Japanese cultural exchange.Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture.ClassificationChinese scripts are generally divided into five categories:The seal character (zhuan), the official or clerical script (li), the regularscript (kai), the running hand (xing) and the cursive hand (cao).1) The zhuan script or seal character was the earliest form of writing afterthe oracle inscriptions, which must have caused great inconveniencebecause they lacked uniformity and many characters were written invariant forms. The first effort for the unification of writing, it is said, tookplace during the reign of King Xuan (827-782 B. C.) of the Western ZhouDynasty, when his taishi (grand historian) Shi Zhou compiled a lexicon of15 chapters, standardizing Chinese writing under script called zhuan. It isalso known as zhouwen after the name of the author. This script, oftenused in seals, is translated into English as the seal character, or as the"curly script" after the shape of its strokes.Shi Zhou's lexicon (which some thought was written by a later author of the state of Qin) had long been lost, yet it is generally agreed that the inscriptions on the drum-shaped Qin stone blocks were basically of the same style as the old zhuan script.When, in 221 B. C., Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the whole of China under one central government, he ordered his Prime Minister Li Si to collect and sort out all the different systems of writing hitherto prevalent in different parts of the country in a great effort to unify the written language under onesystem. What Li did, in effect, was to simplify the ancient zhuan (small seal) script.Today we have a most valuable relic of this ancient writing in the creator Li Si's own hand engraved on a stele standing in the Temple to the God of Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province. The2,200-year-old stele, worn by age and weather, has only nine and a half characters left on it.2) The lishu (official script) came in the wake of the xiaozhuan in the same short-lived Qin Dynasty (221 - 207 B. C.). This was because the xiaozhuan, though a simplified form of script, was still too complicated for the scribes in the various government offices who had to copy an increasing amount of documents. Cheng Miao, a prison warden, made a further simplification of the xiaozhuan, changing the curly strokes into straight and angular ones and thus making writing much easier. A further step away from the pictographs, it was named lishu because li in classical Chinese meant "clerk" or "scribe". Another version says that Cheng Miao, because of certain offence, became a prisoner and slave himself; as the ancients also called bound slaves "li", so the script was named lishu or the "script of a slave".3) The lishu was already very close to, and led to the adoption of, kaishu, regular script. The oldest existing example of this dates from the Wei (220-265), and the script developed under the Jin(265-420). The standard writing today is square in form, non-cursive and architectural in style. The characters are composed of a number of strokes out of a total of eight kinds-the dot, the horizontal, the vertical, the hook, the rising, the left-falling (short and long) and the right-falling strokes. Any aspirant for the status of calligrapher must start by learning to write a good hand in kaishu.4) On the basis of lishu also evolved caoshu (grass writing or cursive hand), which is rapid and used for making quick but rough copies. This style is subdivided into two schools: zhangcao and jincao.The first of these emerged at the time the Qin was replaced by the Han Dynasty between the 3rd and 2nd centuries B. C. The characters, though written rapidly, still stand separate one from another and the dots are not linked up with other strokes.Jincao or the modern cursive hand is said to have been developed by Zhang Zhi (?-c. 192 A. D.) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in the Jin and Tang dynasties and is still widely popular today.It is the essence of the caoshu, especially jincao, that the characters are executed swiftly with the strokes running together. The characters are often joined up, with the last stroke of the first merging into the initial stroke of the next. They also vary in size in the same piece of writing, all seemingly dictated by the whims of the writer.A great master at caoshu was Zhang Xu (early 8th century) of the Tang Dynasty, noted for the complete abandon with which he applied the brush. It is said that he would not set about writing until he had got drunk. This he did, allowing the brush to "gallop" across the paper, curling, twisting ormeandering in one unbroken stroke, thus creating an original style. Today one may still see fragments of a stele carved with characters in his handwriting, kept in the Provincial Museum of Shaanxi.The best example and model for xingshu, all Chinese calligraphers will agree, is the Inscription on Lanting Pavilion in the hand of Wang Xizhi (321-379) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. To learn to write a nice hand in Chinese calligraphy, assiduous and persevering practice is necessary. This has been borne out by the many great masters China has produced. Wang Xizhi, the great artist just mentioned, who has exerted a profound influence on, and has been held in high esteem by, calligraphers and scholars throughout history, is said to have blackened in his childhood all the water of a pond in front of his house by washing the writing implements in it after his daily exercises. Another master, Monk Zhiyong of the Sui Dynasty (581-618) was so industrious in learning calligraphy that he filled many jars with worn-out writing brushes, which he buried in a "tomb of brushes".Renewed interest in brush-writing has been kindled today among the pupils in China, some of whom already show promises as worthy successors to the ancient masters.Four Treasures of the StudyTo produce Chinese characters one will need a brush, paper, inkstick and ink stone, commonly referred to as the "Four Treasures ofthe Study". To learn calligraphy, it is necessary to learn about thesetools.While brushes are varied, white-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair and yellow-weasel-hair brushes are the main ones. On the basis of function, brushes are classified into three groups: hard, soft and both. Brush handles are usually made of bamboo, wood, lacquer or porcelain; ivory or jade handles are rare and precious.The ink stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink stick ishui mo(Anhui ink stick), made of pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink stick, which must be balanced in the hand during the grinding or rubbing process. Press hard and rub lightly, slowly and evenly against the ink slab until a thick, liquid-ink forms.Paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220). While paper comes in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in the Jing Prefecture of Xuanzhou (today's Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and mothproof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.Ink stones or ink slabs have been classified into three categories:Duan,SheandTao. Features common to all three ink slabs are the stone's hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is notdry or slippery. Using a hard, smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink stick against the stone.By controlling the flexibility of the brush, the concentration of the ink and the absorbency of the paper, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.Calligraphy: Leader of All Art FormsFew nations in the world have calligraphy as a form of art. In China, calligraphy has maintained a close rapport with the country's cultural development.Calligraphy is an expressive art. According to an old Chinese saying, "the way characters are written is a portrait of the person who writes them." Expressing the abstract beauty of lines and rhythms, calligraphy is a reflection of a person's emotions, moral integrity, character, educational level, accomplishments in self-cultivation, intellectual tastes and approach to life. Chinese characters, which convey ideas, are regarded as the most abstract and sublime art form.Calligraphy is also a practical fine art. Exotic calligraphic inscriptions written on paper, wooden plaques or stone tablets serve as decorations of a deep artistic value.Calligraphy manifests the basic characteristics of all Chinese arts. Closely associated with paintings -- the two leaders of Chinese art forms -- calligraphy takes precedence over painting since it greatly inspired the art of painting. Moreover, calligraphy has influenced other typically Chinese art forms like classical poetry, seal-cutting, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.Calligraphy is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and body. It is a most relaxing yet highly disciplined exercise for physical and spiritual well-being. Historically, many calligraphic artists lived to a ripe, old age.An Art of the OrientChinese calligraphy is an Oriental art. Like chopsticks, calligraphy was once entirely Chinese, but as Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, and Singapore, calligraphy became a unique feature of the Oriental art.Calligraphy is even wildly accepted by the West; as once Picasso said, "Had I been born Chinese, I would have been a calligrapher, not a painter." Many calligraphic elements are being adopted by modern western art.。
中国书法简介英语版chinesecalligraphy完整版

Maybe you have ever heard these names: Tian Yingzhang(田英章) Lu Zhongnan(卢中南) Sima Yan(司马彦)——He is really interesting. Last century, his style is very popular, but his style is similar to Tian Yingzhang now.
2.Recent calligrapher
Ancient times has gone, there are also many creative calligrapher
Qi Gong(启功)
Liu Bingseng(பைடு நூலகம்炳森)
Zhao Puchu(赵朴初)
Professor of Beijing Normal University
Funeral Oration for My Nephew(祭侄文稿)
Cold food observance (黄州寒食帖)
The Orchid Pavilion
Funeral Oration for My Nephew
Cold food observance(黄州寒食帖)
This is a representative masterpiece of Su Shi, it is created to express his depression. In the third year in Huangzhou, he spent Cold food observance alone, and wrote it with mixed feeling
书法介绍(英文版)CalligraphyIntroduction

CalligraphyCalligraphy is understood in China as the art of writing a good hand with the brush or the study of the rules and techniques of this art. As such it is peculiar to China and the few countries influenced by ancient Chinese culture.In the history of Chinese art, calligraphy has always been held in equalimportance to painting. Great attention is also paid today to itsdevelopment by holding exhibitions of ancient and contemporary worksand by organizing competitions among youngsters and people fromvarious walks of life. Sharing of experience in this field often makes afeature in Sino-Japanese cultural exchange.Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture.ClassificationChinese scripts are generally divided into five categories:The seal character (zhuan), the official or clerical script (li), the regularscript (kai), the running hand (xing) and the cursive hand (cao).1) The zhuan script or seal character was the earliest form of writing afterthe oracle inscriptions, which must have caused great inconveniencebecause they lacked uniformity and many characters were written invariant forms. The first effort for the unification of writing, it is said, tookplace during the reign of King Xuan (827-782 B. C.) of the Western ZhouDynasty, when his taishi (grand historian) Shi Zhou compiled a lexicon of15 chapters, standardizing Chinese writing under script called zhuan. It isalso known as zhouwen after the name of the author. This script, oftenused in seals, is translated into English as the seal character, or as the"curly script" after the shape of its strokes.Shi Zhou's lexicon (which some thought was written by a later author of the state of Qin) had long been lost, yet it is generally agreed that the inscriptions on the drum-shaped Qin stone blocks were basically of the same style as the old zhuan script.When, in 221 B. C., Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the whole of China under one central government, he ordered his Prime Minister Li Si to collect and sort out all the different systems of writing hitherto prevalent in different parts of the country in a great effort to unify the written language under onesystem. What Li did, in effect, was to simplify the ancient zhuan (small seal) script.Today we have a most valuable relic of this ancient writing in the creator Li Si's own hand engraved on a stele standing in the Temple to the God of Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province. The2,200-year-old stele, worn by age and weather, has only nine and a half characters left on it.2) The lishu (official script) came in the wake of the xiaozhuan in the same short-lived Qin Dynasty (221 - 207 B. C.). This was because the xiaozhuan, though a simplified form of script, was still too complicated for the scribes in the various government offices who had to copy an increasing amount of documents. Cheng Miao, a prison warden, made a further simplification of the xiaozhuan, changing the curly strokes into straight and angular ones and thus making writing much easier. A further step away from the pictographs, it was named lishu because li in classical Chinese meant "clerk" or "scribe". Another version says that Cheng Miao, because of certain offence, became a prisoner and slave himself; as the ancients also called bound slaves "li", so the script was named lishu or the "script of a slave".3) The lishu was already very close to, and led to the adoption of, kaishu, regular script. The oldest existing example of this dates from the Wei (220-265), and the script developed under the Jin(265-420). The standard writing today is square in form, non-cursive and architectural in style. The characters are composed of a number of strokes out of a total of eight kinds-the dot, the horizontal, the vertical, the hook, the rising, the left-falling (short and long) and the right-falling strokes. Any aspirant for the status of calligrapher must start by learning to write a good hand in kaishu.4) On the basis of lishu also evolved caoshu (grass writing or cursive hand), which is rapid and used for making quick but rough copies. This style is subdivided into two schools: zhangcao and jincao.The first of these emerged at the time the Qin was replaced by the Han Dynasty between the 3rd and 2nd centuries B. C. The characters, though written rapidly, still stand separate one from another and the dots are not linked up with other strokes.Jincao or the modern cursive hand is said to have been developed by Zhang Zhi (?-c. 192 A. D.) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in the Jin and Tang dynasties and is still widely popular today.It is the essence of the caoshu, especially jincao, that the characters are executed swiftly with the strokes running together. The characters are often joined up, with the last stroke of the first merging into the initial stroke of the next. They also vary in size in the same piece of writing, all seemingly dictated by the whims of the writer.A great master at caoshu was Zhang Xu (early 8th century) of the Tang Dynasty, noted for the complete abandon with which he applied the brush. It is said that he would not set about writing until he had got drunk. This he did, allowing the brush to "gallop" across the paper, curling, twisting ormeandering in one unbroken stroke, thus creating an original style. Today one may still see fragments of a stele carved with characters in his handwriting, kept in the Provincial Museum of Shaanxi.The best example and model for xingshu, all Chinese calligraphers will agree, is the Inscription on Lanting Pavilion in the hand of Wang Xizhi (321-379) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. To learn to write a nice hand in Chinese calligraphy, assiduous and persevering practice is necessary. This has been borne out by the many great masters China has produced. Wang Xizhi, the great artist just mentioned, who has exerted a profound influence on, and has been held in high esteem by, calligraphers and scholars throughout history, is said to have blackened in his childhood all the water of a pond in front of his house by washing the writing implements in it after his daily exercises. Another master, Monk Zhiyong of the Sui Dynasty (581-618) was so industrious in learning calligraphy that he filled many jars with worn-out writing brushes, which he buried in a "tomb of brushes".Renewed interest in brush-writing has been kindled today among the pupils in China, some of whom already show promises as worthy successors to the ancient masters.Four Treasures of the StudyTo produce Chinese characters one will need a brush, paper, inkstick and ink stone, commonly referred to as the "Four Treasures ofthe Study". To learn calligraphy, it is necessary to learn about thesetools.While brushes are varied, white-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair and yellow-weasel-hair brushes are the main ones. On the basis of function, brushes are classified into three groups: hard, soft and both. Brush handles are usually made of bamboo, wood, lacquer or porcelain; ivory or jade handles are rare and precious.The ink stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink stick ishui mo(Anhui ink stick), made of pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink stick, which must be balanced in the hand during the grinding or rubbing process. Press hard and rub lightly, slowly and evenly against the ink slab until a thick, liquid-ink forms.Paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220). While paper comes in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in the Jing Prefecture of Xuanzhou (today's Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and mothproof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.Ink stones or ink slabs have been classified into three categories:Duan,SheandTao. Features common to all three ink slabs are the stone's hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is notdry or slippery. Using a hard, smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink stick against the stone.By controlling the flexibility of the brush, the concentration of the ink and the absorbency of the paper, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.Calligraphy: Leader of All Art FormsFew nations in the world have calligraphy as a form of art. In China, calligraphy has maintained a close rapport with the country's cultural development.Calligraphy is an expressive art. According to an old Chinese saying, "the way characters are written is a portrait of the person who writes them." Expressing the abstract beauty of lines and rhythms, calligraphy is a reflection of a person's emotions, moral integrity, character, educational level, accomplishments in self-cultivation, intellectual tastes and approach to life. Chinese characters, which convey ideas, are regarded as the most abstract and sublime art form.Calligraphy is also a practical fine art. Exotic calligraphic inscriptions written on paper, wooden plaques or stone tablets serve as decorations of a deep artistic value.Calligraphy manifests the basic characteristics of all Chinese arts. Closely associated with paintings -- the two leaders of Chinese art forms -- calligraphy takes precedence over painting since it greatly inspired the art of painting. Moreover, calligraphy has influenced other typically Chinese art forms like classical poetry, seal-cutting, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.Calligraphy is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and body. It is a most relaxing yet highly disciplined exercise for physical and spiritual well-being. Historically, many calligraphic artists lived to a ripe, old age.An Art of the OrientChinese calligraphy is an Oriental art. Like chopsticks, calligraphy was once entirely Chinese, but as Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, and Singapore, calligraphy became a unique feature of the Oriental art.Calligraphy is even wildly accepted by the West; as once Picasso said, "Had I been born Chinese, I would have been a calligrapher, not a painter." Many calligraphic elements are being adopted by modern western art.。
Introduction_to_Chinese_Calligraphy 中国书法英语介绍

Calligraphy of Wang Xianzhi
Wang Xizhi has 7 sons and a daughter .All of them were good at calligraphy ,but Wang Xizhi was more extraordinary. He was talented and created in calligraphy ,and greatly contributed to the continuous development of Chinese calligraphy.
Introduction to Chinese Calligraphy
中国书法简介
Introduction to Chinese Calligraphy
The
development of calligraphy Calligraphy font Writing tools The importance of calligraphy
paper纸 Inkstone砚
Writing tools
பைடு நூலகம்
The importance of calligraphy
●Use
as an important criterion for selection of executives to the Imperial court. ●Developing an international art.
中国书法介绍英文calligrahyintroduction

C a l l i g r a p h yCalligraphy is understood in China as the art of writing a good hand with the brush or the study of the rules and techniques of this art. As such it is peculiar to China and the few countries influenced by ancient Chinese culture.In the history of Chinese art, calligraphy has always been held in equal importance topainting. Great attention is also paid today to its development by holding exhibitions ofancient and contemporary works and by organizing competitions among youngstersand people from various walks of life. Sharing of experience in this field often makes afeature in Sino-Japanese cultural exchange.Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture.ClassificationChinese scripts are generally divided into five categories:The seal character (zhuan), the official or clerical script (li), the regular script (kai), therunning hand (xing) and the cursive hand (cao).1) The zhuan script or seal character was the earliest form of writing after the oracleinscriptions, which must have caused great inconvenience because they lackeduniformity and many characters were written in variant forms. The first effort for theunification of writing, it is said, took place during the reign of King Xuan (827-782 B. C.)of the Western Zhou Dynasty, when his taishi (grand historian) Shi Zhou compiled alexicon of 15 chapters, standardizing Chinese writing under script called zhuan. It isalso known as zhouwen after the name of the author. This script, often used in seals, istranslated into English as the seal character, or as the "curly script" after the shape ofits strokes.Shi Zhou's lexicon (which some thought was written by a later author of the state of Qin) had long been lost, yet it is generally agreed that the inscriptions on the drum-shaped Qin stone blocks were basically of the same style as the old zhuan script.When, in 221 B. C., Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the whole of China under one central government, he ordered his Prime Minister Li Si to collect and sort out all the different systems of writing hitherto prevalent in different parts of the country in a great effort to unify the written language under one system. What Li did, in effect, was to simplify the ancient zhuan (small seal) script.Today we have a most valuable relic of this ancient writing in the creator Li Si's own hand engraved on a stele standing in the Temple to the God of Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province. The 2,200-year-old stele, worn byage and weather, has only nine and a half characters left on it.2) The lishu (official script) came in the wake of the xiaozhuan in the same short-lived Qin Dynasty (221 - 207 B. C.). This was because the xiaozhuan, though a simplified form of script, was still too complicated for the scribes in the various government offices who had to copy an increasing amount of documents. Cheng Miao, a prison warden, made a further simplification of the xiaozhuan, changing the curly strokes into straight and angular ones and thus making writing much easier. A further step away from the pictographs, it was named lishu because li in classical Chinese meant "clerk" or "scribe". Another version says that Cheng Miao, because of certain offence, became a prisoner and slave himself; as the ancients also called bound slaves "li", so the script was named lishu or the "script of a slave".3) The lishu was already very close to, and led to the adoption of, kaishu, regular script. The oldest existing example of this dates from the Wei (220-265), and the script developed under the Jin (265-420). The standard writing today is square in form, non-cursive and architectural in style. The characters are composed of a number of strokes out of a total of eight kinds-the dot, the horizontal, the vertical, the hook, the rising, the left-falling (short and long) and the right-falling strokes. Any aspirant for the status of calligrapher must start by learning to write a good hand in kaishu.4) On the basis of lishu also evolved caoshu (grass writing or cursive hand), which is rapid and used for making quick but rough copies. This style is subdivided into two schools: zhangcao and jincao.The first of these emerged at the time the Qin was replaced by the Han Dynasty between the 3rd and 2nd centuries B. C. The characters, though written rapidly, still stand separate one from another and the dots are not linked up with other strokes.Jincao or the modern cursive hand is said to have been developed by Zhang Zhi (?-c. 192 A. D.) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in the Jin and Tang dynasties and is still widely popular today.It is the essence of the caoshu, especially jincao, that the characters are executed swiftly with the strokes running together. The characters are often joined up, with the last stroke of the first merging into the initial stroke of the next. They also vary in size in the same piece of writing, all seemingly dictated by the whims of the writer.A great master at caoshu was Zhang Xu (early 8th century) of the Tang Dynasty, noted for the complete abandon with which he applied the brush. It is said that he would not set about writing until he had got drunk. This he did, allowing the brush to "gallop" across the paper, curling, twisting or meandering in one unbroken stroke, thus creating an original style. Today one may still see fragments of a stele carved with characters in his handwriting, kept in the Provincial Museum of Shaanxi.The best example and model for xingshu, all Chinese calligraphers will agree, is the Inscription on Lanting Pavilion in the hand of Wang Xizhi (321-379) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. To learn to write a nice hand in Chinese calligraphy, assiduous and persevering practice is necessary. This has been borne out by the many great masters China has produced. Wang Xizhi, the great artist just mentioned, who has exerted a profound influence on, and has been held in high esteem by, calligraphers and scholars throughout history, is said to have blackened in his childhood all the water of a pond in front of his house by washing the writing implements in it after his dailyexercises. Another master, Monk Zhiyong of the Sui Dynasty (581-618) was so industrious in learning calligraphy that he filled many jars with worn-out writing brushes, which he buried in a "tomb of brushes".Renewed interest in brush-writing has been kindled today among the pupils in China, some of whom already show promises as worthy successors to the ancient masters.Four Treasures of the StudyTo produce Chinese characters one will need a brush, paper, ink stick and inkstone, commonly referred to as the "Four Treasures of the Study". To learncalligraphy, it is necessary to learn about these tools.While brushes are varied, white-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair and yellow-weasel-hairbrushes are the main ones. On the basis of function, brushes are classified into three groups: hard, soft and both. Brush handles are usually made of bamboo, wood, lacquer or porcelain; ivory or jade handles are rare and precious.The ink stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink stick ishui mo(Anhui ink stick), made of pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink stick, which must be balanced in the hand during the grinding or rubbing process. Press hard and rub lightly, slowly and evenly against the ink slab until a thick, liquid-ink forms.Paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220). While paper comes in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in the Jing Prefecture of Xuanzhou (today's Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and mothproof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.Ink stones or ink slabs have been classified into three categories:Duan,SheandTao. Features common to all three ink slabs are the stone's hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is not dry or slippery. Using a hard, smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink stick against the stone.By controlling the flexibility of the brush, the concentration of the ink and the absorbency of the paper, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.Calligraphy: Leader of All Art FormsFew nations in the world have calligraphy as a form of art. In China, calligraphy has maintained a close rapport with the country's cultural development.Calligraphy is an expressive art. According to an old Chinese saying, "the way characters are written is a portrait ofthe person who writes them." Expressing the abstract beauty of lines and rhythms, calligraphy is a reflection of a person's emotions, moral integrity, character, educational level, accomplishments in self-cultivation, intellectual tastes and approach to life. Chinese characters, which convey ideas, are regarded as the most abstract and sublime art form.Calligraphy is also a practical fine art. Exotic calligraphic inscriptions written on paper, wooden plaques or stone tablets serve as decorations of a deep artistic value.Calligraphy manifests the basic characteristics of all Chinese arts. Closely associated with paintings -- the two leaders of Chinese art forms -- calligraphy takes precedence over painting since it greatly inspired the art of painting. Moreover, calligraphy has influenced other typically Chinese art forms like classical poetry, seal-cutting, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.Calligraphy is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and body. It is a most relaxing yet highly disciplined exercise for physical and spiritual well-being. Historically, many calligraphic artists lived to a ripe, old age.An Art of the OrientChinese calligraphy is an Oriental art. Like chopsticks, calligraphy was once entirely Chinese, but as Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, and Singapore, calligraphy became a unique feature of the Oriental art.Calligraphy is even wildly accepted by the West; as once Picasso said, "Had I been born Chinese, I would have been a calligrapher, not a painter." Many calligraphic elements are being adopted by modern western art.。
书法英语介绍模板作文

书法英语介绍模板作文英文回答:Calligraphy。
Calligraphy is the art of writing with a pen, ink, and brush. It is a form of visual art that has been practicedfor centuries in many cultures around the world.Calligraphy can be used for a variety of purposes,including writing letters, creating artwork, and designing logos.There are many different styles of calligraphy, eachwith its own unique characteristics. Some of the most popular styles include:Western calligraphy: This style of calligraphy is characterized by its use of pointed pens and a variety of inks. Western calligraphy is often used for writing letters, creating artwork, and designing logos.Eastern calligraphy: This style of calligraphy is characterized by its use of brushes and ink. Eastern calligraphy is often used for writing poetry, creating artwork, and designing logos.Arabic calligraphy: This style of calligraphy is characterized by its use of Arabic script. Arabic calligraphy is often used for writing religious texts, creating artwork, and designing logos.Calligraphy is a beautiful and versatile art form that can be used for a variety of purposes. If you areinterested in learning more about calligraphy, there are many resources available online and in libraries.Materials for Calligraphy。
中国书法介绍英文演讲稿范文

中国书法介绍英文演讲稿范文Chinese calligraphy, also known as “Shufa” in Chinese, is an ancient art form that has been practiced for thousands of years. It is not only a way of writing, but also a form of artistic expression that embodies the beauty and elegance of Chinese culture.The history of Chinese calligraphy can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC), when inscriptions were carved on oracle bones and bronze vessels. Over the centuries, calligraphy evolved into a highly respected art form, with different styles and techniques developed by famous calligraphers such as Wang Xizhi, Yan Zhenqing, and Su Dongpo.One of the most distinctive features of Chinese calligraphy is the use of brush and ink on paper or silk. The brush strokes are fluid and expressive, varying in thickness and intensity to create a sense of rhythm and movement. Each character is meticulously crafted, with the artist's emotions and personality shining through in every stroke.There are five main styles of Chinese calligraphy: seal script, clerical script, regular script, running script, and cursive script. Each style has its own unique characteristics and is used for different purposes. Seal script, for example, is often used for official seals and inscriptions, while cursive script is more free-flowing and expressive.Chinese calligraphy is not just about writing characters, but also about cultivating one's character and spirit. Practicing calligraphy requires discipline, patience, and concentration, as well as a deep understanding of Chinese culture and history. It is a way of connecting with the past and expressing oneself in a creative and meaningful way.In recent years, Chinese calligraphy has gained popularity around the world, with exhibitions, workshops, and classes held in many countries. People of all ages and backgrounds are drawn to the beauty and elegance of Chinese calligraphy, as well as the sense of peace and mindfulness that comes from practicing this ancient art form.In conclusion, Chinese calligraphy is a unique and timeless art form that embodies the essence of Chinese culture. It is a way of writing, a form of artistic expression, and ameans of self-cultivation. Through the practice of calligraphy, we can learn about history, culture, and ourselves, and appreciate the beauty and elegance of this ancient art form.。
全英文介绍中国书法

Appreciation and Application
that writing with a brush can help them clear their minds and balance their emotions. In addition, calligraphy has played an important role in Chinese history as a means of preserving and spreading knowledge. It was once considered an essential skill for scholars and officials during the imperial era
Appreciation and Application
rses. In addition, calligraphy has also become an important part of Chinese tourism, with many tourists being attracted to calligraphy exhibitions and performances held across the country
介绍中国毛笔书法的英语作文

The Elegance of Chinese Calligraphy: AnIntroduction to the Art of Brush WritingDeep within the rich cultural tapestry of China, an art form stands out as a testament to the nation's long history and profound traditions - Chinese calligraphy. This ancient art, employing the use of a unique writing tool known as the "mao bi" or brush, has evolved over thousands of years to become a symbol of elegance and sophistication.The Chinese brush, made from the hair of animals such as goats or rabbits, is a key component in this art. Its soft and flexible nature allows for a wide range of strokes and expressions, from delicate and intricate lines to bold and sweeping movements. The mastery of the brush requires years of practice and discipline, as the artist must learn to control the pressure, angle, and speed of the stroke to create the desired effect.Chinese calligraphy is not just a form of writing; itis a visual representation of the harmony between man and nature. Each stroke, each character, is a microcosm of the universe, reflecting the balance and flow of life's energies. The art also embodies the spirit of Chinesephilosophy and ethics, with its emphasis on harmony, respect, and humility.Over the centuries, Chinese calligraphy has developed into various styles, each reflecting the characteristics of a particular era or individual artist. Styles range from the elegant and formal "shufa" to the freer and more expressive "caishu." These styles not only showcase the artist's skill but also reveal their personality and emotional state.In modern times, while the use of traditional writing methods has declined due to the widespread adoption of digital technology, Chinese calligraphy remains a vibrant and respected art form. It is still widely practiced and appreciated by many, not only as a means of artistic expression but also as a way to connect with the past and understand the depth and complexity of Chinese culture.Moreover, Chinese calligraphy has also gainedpopularity internationally, attracting art lovers and practitioners from all over the world. Its unique beauty and the challenge it poses to the artist have made it a fascinating and rewarding pursuit for many.In conclusion, Chinese calligraphy is a testament tothe rich cultural heritage of China. It is not only a formof artistic expression but also a vehicle for understanding the complexities and nuances of Chinese culture and philosophy. Its elegance and sophistication continue to inspire and captivate people from all walks of life, making it a timeless and enduring art form.**中国书法的优雅:毛笔书法艺术介绍**在中国丰富多彩的文化织锦中,有一种艺术形式以其深厚的历史传统和独特的魅力脱颖而出,那就是中国书法。
书法英文介绍演讲稿范文

Today, I am honored to stand before you to introduce the art of calligraphy, a beautiful and profound aspect of Chinese culture.Calligraphy, as an art form, has a history of more than 3,000 years in China. It is the way of writing Chinese characters with a brush, and it is considered one of the four cardinal arts of Chinese culture, along with painting, music, and poetry.The beauty of calligraphy lies in its elegance, power, and simplicity.It is an art that requires both skill and emotion. The brush strokes,the spacing, and the overall structure of the characters all convey the artist's thoughts and feelings.There are five basic types of calligraphy styles in Chinese: regular script, running script, semi-cursive script, cursive script, and seal script. Each style has its own unique characteristics and applications.1. Regular script, also known as standard script, is the most commonly used style in modern China. It is characterized by its clear, neat, and balanced structure. Regular script is suitable for official documents, books, and newspapers.2. Running script, also known as rapid script, is a more fluid and dynamic style. It is derived from regular script and is often used in poems, letters, and calligraphy works of art.3. Semi-cursive script is a style that combines elements of regularscript and running script. It is more flexible and easier to write than regular script, and it is often used in writing poetry and calligraphy.4. Cursive script is the most fluid and expressive style of all. It is characterized by its rapid and continuous brush strokes, which can be very difficult to read. Cursive script is often used in personal letters and artistic calligraphy works.5. Seal script is the oldest and most ancient style of calligraphy. Itis characterized by its bold, angular, and highly stylized brush strokes. Seal script is often used in seals and official documents.In order to practice calligraphy, one must learn the proper use of the brush, the correct grip, and the techniques of brush strokes. The process of practicing calligraphy is not only about learning the techniques, but also about cultivating one's character and temperament.Calligraphy is not just an art form, but also a way of life. It teaches us to be patient, to appreciate beauty, and to respect tradition. It is a reflection of Chinese culture and philosophy, and it has been passed down from generation to generation.In conclusion, calligraphy is a unique and beautiful art form that is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. It requires skill, emotion, and dedication. I hope that through this introduction, you have gained a better understanding of calligraphy and its significance in Chinese culture.Thank you for your attention.。
中学生英语作文向外国朋友介绍中国书法

中学生英语作文向外国朋友介绍中国书法全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1IntroductionChinese calligraphy, also known as "Shufa" in Chinese, is a traditional art form that has been practiced for thousands of years in China. As a unique aspect of Chinese culture, calligraphy is not only a form of writing but also a form of artistic expression. In this essay, I will introduce Chinese calligraphy to my foreign friends and explain its history, styles, and significance.HistoryChinese calligraphy has a long history that dates back to ancient times. It has evolved over thousands of years and has been influenced by various dynasties and styles. The earliest form of calligraphy can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC), where inscriptions on oracle bones and bronze vessels were the foundation of Chinese writing. Over time, calligraphy developed into an art form and became an integral part of Chinese culture.StylesThere are several styles of Chinese calligraphy, each with its own unique characteristics and techniques. Some of the most famous styles include:1. Regular Script (Kaishu): This is the most basic and traditional style of Chinese calligraphy. It is characterized by its simple and clear lines, making it easy to read and understand.2. Running Script (Xingshu): This style is more cursive and flowing, with characters connected together in a continuous brushstroke. It is often used for quick writing and informal communication.3. Semi-cursive Script (Caoshu): This style is a mix of regular and running script, with characters that are partially connected but still easily recognizable. It is often used for artistic purposes.SignificanceChinese calligraphy is not just a form of writing, but a form of artistic expression that reflects the personality and emotions of the writer. Each brushstroke is carefully crafted and carries the energy and spirit of the artist. Calligraphy is also highly valued in Chinese culture and is often used in traditional art forms such as painting and poetry.In conclusion, Chinese calligraphy is an important part of Chinese culture that has been practiced for thousands of years. It is a unique art form that combines writing and aesthetics, allowing artists to express their creativity and emotions through beautiful brushstrokes. I hope that my foreign friends will appreciate and enjoy the beauty of Chinese calligraphy. Thank you.篇2Introduction to Chinese CalligraphyChinese calligraphy is an ancient art form that has been practiced for thousands of years in China. It is a unique form of writing that uses brush strokes to create beautiful characters on paper or silk. Chinese calligraphy is not only a way of writing, but also a form of artistic expression that has a deep cultural significance in China.Chinese calligraphy has a long history that dates back to the Shang dynasty (around 1600-1046 BC). It has evolved over the centuries and has been influenced by various styles and techniques. The most famous styles of Chinese calligraphy include seal script, clerical script, regular script, running script, and cursive script.One of the key features of Chinese calligraphy is the brush used to write the characters. Chinese calligraphy brushes are made of different materials such as bamboo, wood, or animal hair, and come in various sizes and shapes. The brush strokes are carefully executed with precision and grace, creating characters that are both aesthetically pleasing and meaningful.In Chinese calligraphy, the stroke order, stroke direction, and stroke thickness are all important factors that contribute to the overall beauty of the characters. Each stroke must be carefully planned and executed to create a harmonious balance between form and rhythm.Chinese calligraphy is not just about writing characters, but also about conveying emotions, thoughts, and personality through the strokes. Each calligrapher has their own unique style and interpretation of the characters, making Chinese calligraphy a highly personal and expressive art form.In China, calligraphy is considered one of the highest forms of art and is highly respected and admired. Many Chinese people practice calligraphy as a form of meditation and self-expression, while others study it as a way to connect with their cultural heritage.Overall, Chinese calligraphy is a beautiful and intricate art form that combines writing, art, and culture. It is a testament to the rich history and traditions of China and continues to inspire people around the world with its beauty and elegance.篇3Introduction to Chinese CalligraphyChinese calligraphy, also known as brush calligraphy, is a traditional art form that has been practiced for thousands of years in China. It is considered one of the highest forms of Chinese art and is often called the "art of writing." Chinese calligraphy is not just about writing characters, but also about expressing one's emotions and thoughts through brush strokes.HistoryChinese calligraphy has a long history that dates back to ancient times. The earliest forms of Chinese writing can be traced back to the Shang dynasty (1600-1046 BC), where characters were inscribed on oracle bones. Over time, different styles of calligraphy emerged, each with its own unique characteristics and aesthetics. Some of the most famous calligraphers in Chinese history include Wang Xizhi, Yan Zhenqing, and Su Dongpo.StylesThere are several styles of Chinese calligraphy, each with its own rules and techniques. The most widely practiced styles include regular script (楷书), running script (行书), cursive script (草书), and seal script (篆书). Regular script is the standard form of Chinese calligraphy, characterized by clear and structured characters. Running script is more fluid and cursive, while cursive script is even more abstract and expressive. Seal script, on the other hand, is often used for official seals and stamps.Tools and MaterialsTo practice Chinese calligraphy, one needs a few essential tools and materials. The most important tool is the brush, which is usually made of bamboo or animal hair. In addition to the brush, one also needs ink, paper, and an inkstone. Chinese calligraphy ink is made from soot mixed with glue and water, while calligraphy paper is usually thin and smooth to allow for smooth brush strokes. The inkstone is used to grind the ink stick with water to create ink for writing.TechniquesChinese calligraphy requires precise control of the brush and a deep understanding of the characters being written. Eachstroke must be carefully planned and executed, with attention to direction, pressure, and speed. Calligraphers often practice basic strokes before moving on to more complex characters and compositions. In addition to technical skills, calligraphy also requires creativity and emotion to convey the meaning and feeling behind the words.ConclusionIn conclusion, Chinese calligraphy is a beautiful and intricate art form that reflects the richness of Chinese culture and history. It is not just a form of writing but also a way of expressing one's thoughts and emotions. Through the practice of Chinese calligraphy, one can gain a deeper appreciation for the beauty and harmony of Chinese characters. It is a tradition that has been passed down through generations and continues to inspire artists and calligraphers around the world.。
关于介绍书法英语演讲稿

关于介绍书法英语演讲稿书法英语演讲稿。
Ladies and gentlemen, good morning! Today, I am honored to stand here and share with you the beauty of Chinese calligraphy.First of all, let me briefly introduce the art of calligraphy. Calligraphy, also known as "Shufa" in Chinese, is a traditional art form that involves writing Chinese characters with a brush and ink. It is not only a means of communication, but also a form of artistic expression. The history of Chinese calligraphy can be traced back to ancient China, and it has been an integral part of Chinese culture for thousands of years.Now, let's talk about the significance of calligraphy. Calligraphy is not just about writing beautifully, it is also a reflection of the calligrapher's personality, emotions, and inner world. Through the strokes and lines of the brush, one can convey their thoughts and feelings, and create a piece of art that is both visually appealing and spiritually uplifting. Calligraphy is not only a form of art, but also a way of cultivating one's character and nurturing one's soul.Furthermore, calligraphy has a profound impact on the development of language and culture. The art of calligraphy has played a crucial role in the preservation and dissemination of Chinese culture and language. It has contributed to the standardization of Chinese characters and has been a vehicle for the transmission of traditional Chinese values and wisdom.In addition, calligraphy has a therapeutic effect on the mind and body. The rhythmic and meditative process of writing calligraphy can help calm the mind, reduce stress, and improve concentration. It is also a form of mindfulness practice that promotes mental well-being and inner peace.Moreover, calligraphy is a bridge that connects people from different cultures. As an international language, English has become a global means of communication. Byintroducing calligraphy to English-speaking audiences, we can promote cultural exchange and mutual understanding between different linguistic and artistic traditions.In conclusion, the art of calligraphy is a treasure of Chinese culture that embodies the beauty of language, the depth of history, and the richness of human expression. By exploring the art of calligraphy, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the beauty of language and the power of artistic expression. Let us embrace the art of calligraphy and celebrate the beauty of language and culture.Thank you for your attention!。
英语作文介绍中国书法发言稿范文

英语作文介绍中国书法发言稿范文Chinese Calligraphy: The Beautiful Art of WritingHello everyone! Today I want to talk to you about one of the most amazing art forms from my home country of China - calligraphy. Calligraphy is the art of beautiful handwriting. But in China, it's much more than just pretty letters. It's a tradition that goes back thousands of years!Let me start by telling you how Chinese calligraphy began. A really long time ago, in the second century BC, the first styles of calligraphy were created. They used brush and ink to write on things like bamboo strips, silk, and paper. The earliest calligraphers were highly educated scholars and officials.Learning calligraphy was considered very important training for young students. It taught discipline, patience, and attention to detail. Creating beautiful calligraphy characters took a lot of practice and skill. The calligrapher had to hold the brush exactly right and control the flow of ink perfectly.There are tons of different calligraphy styles in China. Some of the oldest and most famous are the Seal Script and Clerical Script styles from ancient times. The Seal Script looks bold and blocky, while Clerical Script has a flowing, cursive style. There'salso the Standard Script that became popular in the 600s AD. It has thick and thin lines and looks very elegant.My favorite style is the Cursive Script that developed around 300 AD. I love how the strokes connect so beautifully and seem to dance across the page! Cursive Script is extremely hard to master though. The characters look like a single flowing line, with no breaks between strokes. Only the most skilled calligraphers can pull it off perfectly.In addition to the different script styles, there are also many calligraphy tools that are really important. The brushes are made from animal hair, like goat, rabbit, or weasel. High quality brushes are essential for creating precise, beautiful lines. The ink is stick ink that has to be carefully ground and mixed with water to get the perfect thick, velvety consistency.And did you know there are special rules about the paper and layout? Calligraphers use a specific type of absorbent paper or silk. They leave plenty of empty space around the characters to create a balanced composition. Good calligraphy has a rhythm and flow that makes it look almost like a dance or a melody.Okay, let me share some of my favorite things about Chinese calligraphy! First of all, I'm amazed by the sheer history and traditions behind this art. The same techniques have been usedfor centuries to create stunning brushwork. I find it incredible that I can view calligraphy from over 2,000 years ago and clearly see the artist's individual style and personality.I also love the materials used in calligraphy. There's something so simple yet beautiful about using just a brush, ink, and paper. Making your own ink by grinding the ink stick is a mini art process itself! And calligraphy brushes come in tons of variations with different hair types and lengths for different effects.Another part of calligraphy I really enjoy is the focus and patience it requires. Creating calligraphy forces you to slow down, quiet your mind, and really concentrate. One mistakestroke and you have to start over! It teachesself-discipline and control. I feel a sense of peace and calm when I'm practicing calligraphy.Most of all though, I'm in awe of how calligraphy can be both an art and a way to express the entire culture of China. Every character is like a little picture filled with deeper meaning. The strokes have been crafted over thousands of years to look their best and convey the essence of each word perfectly.For example, characters related to nature like plants and landscapes tend to use very flowy, cursive lines. While charactersabout strength or military ideas use powerful, unbroken strokes. It's amazing how the style expresses the meaning so well!Calligraphers put their whole spirit and energy into every character. When you see a great masterpiece of calligraphy, you can feel the artist's mood, personality, and cultural background behind each stroke. That's why the most valuable calligraphy works can be worth millions!Those are just some reasons why I'm so passionate about this incredible art form. I've just scratched the surface though! Calligraphy is intimately tied to so many other vital elements of Chinese culture like poetry, painting, literature, and philosophy.I really encourage all of you to explore calligraphy more. You can start by learning the basic strokes and watching videos of masters at work. Maybe you'll discover a new favorite hobby or lifelong passion! Even if calligraphy isn't for you, I hope you can at least appreciate the stunning beauty and rich traditions behind this amazing art.Thank you all for listening! I'll leave you with one of my favorite calligraphy quotes from the ancient master Wang Xizhi: "The essence of calligraphy is life itself." Let's celebrate this vibrant art that captures the life and spirit of the Chinese people.。
(完整word版)中国书法介绍(英文版)CalligraphyIntroduction

CalligraphyCalligraphy is understood in China as the art of writing a good hand with the brush or the study of the rules and techniques of this art. As such it is peculiar to China and the few countries influenced by ancient Chinese culture.In the history of Chinese art, calligraphy has always been held in equalimportance to painting. Great attention is also paid today to itsdevelopment by holding exhibitions of ancient and contemporary worksand by organizing competitions among youngsters and people fromvarious walks of life. Sharing of experience in this field often makes afeature in Sino-Japanese cultural exchange.Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture.ClassificationChinese scripts are generally divided into five categories:The seal character (zhuan), the official or clerical script (li), the regularscript (kai), the running hand (xing) and the cursive hand (cao).1) The zhuan script or seal character was the earliest form of writing afterthe oracle inscriptions, which must have caused great inconveniencebecause they lacked uniformity and many characters were written invariant forms. The first effort for the unification of writing, it is said, tookplace during the reign of King Xuan (827-782 B. C.) of the Western ZhouDynasty, when his taishi (grand historian) Shi Zhou compiled a lexicon of15 chapters, standardizing Chinese writing under script called zhuan. It isalso known as zhouwen after the name of the author. This script, oftenused in seals, is translated into English as the seal character, or as the"curly script" after the shape of its strokes.Shi Zhou's lexicon (which some thought was written by a later author of the state of Qin) had long been lost, yet it is generally agreed that the inscriptions on the drum-shaped Qin stone blocks were basically of the same style as the old zhuan script.When, in 221 B. C., Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the whole of China under one central government, he ordered his Prime Minister Li Si to collect and sort out all the different systems of writing hitherto prevalent in different parts of the country in a great effort to unify the written language under onesystem. What Li did, in effect, was to simplify the ancient zhuan (small seal) script.Today we have a most valuable relic of this ancient writing in the creator Li Si's own hand engraved on a stele standing in the Temple to the God of Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province. The2,200-year-old stele, worn by age and weather, has only nine and a half characters left on it.2) The lishu (official script) came in the wake of the xiaozhuan in the same short-lived Qin Dynasty (221 - 207 B. C.). This was because the xiaozhuan, though a simplified form of script, was still too complicated for the scribes in the various government offices who had to copy an increasing amount of documents. Cheng Miao, a prison warden, made a further simplification of the xiaozhuan, changing the curly strokes into straight and angular ones and thus making writing much easier. A further step away from the pictographs, it was named lishu because li in classical Chinese meant "clerk" or "scribe". Another version says that Cheng Miao, because of certain offence, became a prisoner and slave himself; as the ancients also called bound slaves "li", so the script was named lishu or the "script of a slave".3) The lishu was already very close to, and led to the adoption of, kaishu, regular script. The oldest existing example of this dates from the Wei (220-265), and the script developed under the Jin(265-420). The standard writing today is square in form, non-cursive and architectural in style. The characters are composed of a number of strokes out of a total of eight kinds-the dot, the horizontal, the vertical, the hook, the rising, the left-falling (short and long) and the right-falling strokes. Any aspirant for the status of calligrapher must start by learning to write a good hand in kaishu.4) On the basis of lishu also evolved caoshu (grass writing or cursive hand), which is rapid and used for making quick but rough copies. This style is subdivided into two schools: zhangcao and jincao.The first of these emerged at the time the Qin was replaced by the Han Dynasty between the 3rd and 2nd centuries B. C. The characters, though written rapidly, still stand separate one from another and the dots are not linked up with other strokes.Jincao or the modern cursive hand is said to have been developed by Zhang Zhi (?-c. 192 A. D.) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in the Jin and Tang dynasties and is still widely popular today.It is the essence of the caoshu, especially jincao, that the characters are executed swiftly with the strokes running together. The characters are often joined up, with the last stroke of the first merging into the initial stroke of the next. They also vary in size in the same piece of writing, all seemingly dictated by the whims of the writer.A great master at caoshu was Zhang Xu (early 8th century) of the Tang Dynasty, noted for the complete abandon with which he applied the brush. It is said that he would not set about writing until he had got drunk. This he did, allowing the brush to "gallop" across the paper, curling, twisting ormeandering in one unbroken stroke, thus creating an original style. Today one may still see fragments of a stele carved with characters in his handwriting, kept in the Provincial Museum of Shaanxi.The best example and model for xingshu, all Chinese calligraphers will agree, is the Inscription on Lanting Pavilion in the hand of Wang Xizhi (321-379) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. To learn to write a nice hand in Chinese calligraphy, assiduous and persevering practice is necessary. This has been borne out by the many great masters China has produced. Wang Xizhi, the great artist just mentioned, who has exerted a profound influence on, and has been held in high esteem by, calligraphers and scholars throughout history, is said to have blackened in his childhood all the water of a pond in front of his house by washing the writing implements in it after his daily exercises. Another master, Monk Zhiyong of the Sui Dynasty (581-618) was so industrious in learning calligraphy that he filled many jars with worn-out writing brushes, which he buried in a "tomb of brushes".Renewed interest in brush-writing has been kindled today among the pupils in China, some of whom already show promises as worthy successors to the ancient masters.Four Treasures of the StudyTo produce Chinese characters one will need a brush, paper, inkstick and ink stone, commonly referred to as the "Four Treasures ofthe Study". To learn calligraphy, it is necessary to learn about thesetools.While brushes are varied, white-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair and yellow-weasel-hair brushes are the main ones. On the basis of function, brushes are classified into three groups: hard, soft and both. Brush handles are usually made of bamboo, wood, lacquer or porcelain; ivory or jade handles are rare and precious.The ink stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink stick ishui mo(Anhui ink stick), made of pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink stick, which must be balanced in the hand during the grinding or rubbing process. Press hard and rub lightly, slowly and evenly against the ink slab until a thick, liquid-ink forms.Paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220). While paper comes in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in the Jing Prefecture of Xuanzhou (today's Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and mothproof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.Ink stones or ink slabs have been classified into three categories:Duan,SheandTao. Features common to all three ink slabs are the stone's hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is notdry or slippery. Using a hard, smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink stick against the stone.By controlling the flexibility of the brush, the concentration of the ink and the absorbency of the paper, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.Calligraphy: Leader of All Art FormsFew nations in the world have calligraphy as a form of art. In China, calligraphy has maintained a close rapport with the country's cultural development.Calligraphy is an expressive art. According to an old Chinese saying, "the way characters are written is a portrait of the person who writes them." Expressing the abstract beauty of lines and rhythms, calligraphy is a reflection of a person's emotions, moral integrity, character, educational level, accomplishments in self-cultivation, intellectual tastes and approach to life. Chinese characters, which convey ideas, are regarded as the most abstract and sublime art form.Calligraphy is also a practical fine art. Exotic calligraphic inscriptions written on paper, wooden plaques or stone tablets serve as decorations of a deep artistic value.Calligraphy manifests the basic characteristics of all Chinese arts. Closely associated with paintings -- the two leaders of Chinese art forms -- calligraphy takes precedence over painting since it greatly inspired the art of painting. Moreover, calligraphy has influenced other typically Chinese art forms like classical poetry, seal-cutting, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.Calligraphy is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and body. It is a most relaxing yet highly disciplined exercise for physical and spiritual well-being. Historically, many calligraphic artists lived to a ripe, old age.An Art of the OrientChinese calligraphy is an Oriental art. Like chopsticks, calligraphy was once entirely Chinese, but as Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, and Singapore, calligraphy became a unique feature of the Oriental art.Calligraphy is even wildly accepted by the West; as once Picasso said, "Had I been born Chinese, I would have been a calligrapher, not a painter." Many calligraphic elements are being adopted by modern western art.。
向外国人介绍书法艺术的英语作文

向外国人介绍书法艺术的英语作文全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1Introduction to Chinese CalligraphyChinese calligraphy, also known as "Shufa" in Chinese, is an ancient art form that has been practiced for thousands of years. It is regarded as one of the highest forms of Chinese art and has a long history of cultural significance. Chinese calligraphy is not only a form of artistic expression, but also a means of communication that conveys meaning through the written word.The art of Chinese calligraphy involves using a brush and ink to create beautiful characters on paper or silk. Each stroke is carefully planned and executed with precision, and the overall composition is balanced and harmonious. Traditional Chinese calligraphy uses a brush with a pointed tip made of animal hair, such as goat, wolf, or weasel, and black ink made from soot mixed with glue.There are five major styles of Chinese calligraphy, each with its own distinct characteristics and techniques. These styles include Seal Script, Clerical Script, Regular Script, Running Script,and Cursive Script. Each style has its own rules and conventions, but all are united by a common focus on form, balance, and rhythm.Chinese calligraphy is not just about writing characters; it is also about expressing the artist's emotions and personality. The way in which the brush is held, the pressure applied, and the speed of the strokes all convey the artist's state of mind and intention. Calligraphy is considered a reflection of the artist's inner self, and as such, it is valued for its ability to convey beauty, wisdom, and enlightenment.To truly appreciate Chinese calligraphy, it is important to understand its cultural and historical context. Chinese calligraphy has been practiced for thousands of years and has been deeply influenced by Chinese philosophy, literature, and art. It is a form of self-cultivation that requires patience, discipline, and dedication.In modern times, Chinese calligraphy continues to be a popular art form and is practiced by people of all ages and backgrounds. It is often taught in schools and universities as a way to preserve traditional culture and promote artistic expression. Chinese calligraphy is also valued for its meditativequalities, as the act of writing characters can be a calming and centering practice.In conclusion, Chinese calligraphy is a beautiful and intricate art form that has a rich cultural history. It is a reflection of the artist's inner self and a means of communication that transcends language barriers. Through its unique style and techniques, Chinese calligraphy has left a lasting impact on the world of art and continues to inspire and captivate people from all around the globe.篇2IntroductionChinese calligraphy, also known as "shufa" in Chinese, is an ancient art form that has been practiced and appreciated for thousands of years. It is one of the oldest and most revered forms of visual art in Chinese culture, and it is a reflection of the deep spiritual connection between the artist, the brush, the ink, and the paper.HistoryThe history of Chinese calligraphy dates back to ancient China, where it was first developed as a form of communication. In the beginning, calligraphy was used as a means of recordinginformation and transmitting knowledge. Over time, it evolved into a form of art that was highly valued and respected.TechniquesChinese calligraphy is based on a set of basic writing techniques that require great skill and practice to master. The four main components of Chinese calligraphy are the brush, the ink, the paper, and the inkstone. The brush used in calligraphy is made from animal hair, and it is held differently from a typical writing instrument. The ink used in Chinese calligraphy is usually made from natural materials such as pine soot and animal glue. The paper used in calligraphy is typically made from rice paper, which has a unique texture that is conducive to the flow of the brush.StylesThere are five main styles of Chinese calligraphy, each with its own unique characteristics and history. These styles are known as seal script, clerical script, cursive script, regular script, and running script. Each style has its own set of rules and conventions, and each requires a different level of skill and precision to master.AppreciationChinese calligraphy is not just a form of writing; it is also a form of art that is highly valued and appreciated. Calligraphy is a way for artists to express their thoughts and emotions, and it is a form of meditation that requires focus, patience, and discipline. The beauty of Chinese calligraphy lies in its simplicity and elegance, and it is a reflection of the artist's innermost feelings and thoughts.ConclusionIn conclusion, Chinese calligraphy is a unique and beautiful art form that has been practiced and admired for thousands of years. It is a reflection of the deep spiritual connection between the artist, the brush, the ink, and the paper, and it is a form of self-expression that requires great skill and patience to master. Chinese calligraphy is a treasure of Chinese culture, and it is a testament to the power of art to transcend time and space.篇3Introduction to Chinese CalligraphyChinese calligraphy, also known as “书法(shū fǎ)” in Chinese, is a traditional art form that involves writing Chinese characters with a brush and ink. It is highly regarded in Chinese culture and is often referred to as the highest form of visual art.Chinese calligraphy has a long history, dating back thousands of years, and has evolved into various styles and techniques over the centuries.There are several key aspects of Chinese calligraphy that make it unique and distinguished from other forms of writing. Firstly, Chinese calligraphy focuses on the artistic expression of the characters, rather than just the literal meaning. Calligraphers pay close attention to the shape, size, and flow of the characters, as well as the balance and rhythm of the written text.Secondly, Chinese calligraphy is closely tied to the Chinese language itself. The characters in Chinese calligraphy are derived from ancient pictograms and ideograms, and each character has its own stroke order and structure. Calligraphers must study and practice these characters extensively in order to master the art form.In addition, Chinese calligraphy is deeply rooted in Chinese philosophy and culture. Calligraphers often draw inspiration from traditional Chinese poetry, philosophy, and literature, and seek to convey deeper meanings and emotions through their brushwork. Many famous calligraphers are also scholars and poets, who use calligraphy as a way to express their thoughts and feelings.There are several different styles of Chinese calligraphy, each with its own unique characteristics and historical significance. Some of the most well-known styles include “楷书(kǎi shū)” or regular script, which is known for its clear and balanced lines, “行书(xíng shū)” or running script, which is fluid a nd energetic, and “草书(cǎo shū)” or cursive script, which is morefree-flowing and expressive.In recent years, Chinese calligraphy has gained popularity beyond China and has attracted a growing number of enthusiasts and practitioners from around the world. Many people are drawn to the beauty and elegance of Chinese calligraphy, as well as its rich cultural heritage and spiritual significance.To learn Chinese calligraphy, one must be patient, diligent, and open-minded. It takes years of practice and study to develop the skills and techniques needed to create beautiful and expressive calligraphy. However, the rewards of mastering this ancient art form are truly priceless.In conclusion, Chinese calligraphy is a unique and profound art form that reflects the beauty and complexity of Chinese culture. Through its intricate brushwork and profound symbolism, Chinese calligraphy offers a window into the soul ofthe Chinese people and their rich history. So, if you are interested in exploring the wonders of Chinese calligraphy, I encourage you to pick up a brush and start your own calligraphic journey. Who knows, you might discover a new passion and appreciation for this timeless art form.。
有关中国书法介绍的高中英语作文

有关中国书法介绍的高中英语作文全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1Introduction to Chinese CalligraphyChinese calligraphy, also known as “Shufa” in Chinese, is a traditional art form that has a long history in China. It is a unique form of writing that combines characteristics of painting and writing, with a focus on stroke order, rhythm, and balance. Chinese calligraphy is not only a means of communication but also a form of artistic expression that reflects the writer’s personality, emotions, and cultural background.The origins of Chinese calligraphy can be traced back to ancient China, where it was used as a way to record important events and communicate ideas. Over time, Chinese calligraphy evolved into a refined art form that was highly valued in Chinese society. It became an integral part of Chinese culture, influencing other art forms such as painting, poetry, and seal carving.One of the key features of Chinese calligraphy is the use of brush and ink on paper or silk. The brush is held in the hand in a specific way to create different strokes, while the ink is carefullyapplied to the paper to produce a variety of effects. Different styles of calligraphy exist, each with its own set of rules and guidelines. Some of the most famous styles include Seal Script, Clerical Script, Regular Script, Running Script, and Cursive Script.Chinese calligraphy is not just a skill that can be learned; it is also a way to cultivate one’s character and discipline. Practicing calligraphy requires patience, concentration, and attention to detail. It is said that the practice of calligraphy can improve one’s mental focus, creativity, and self-expression.In modern times, Chinese calligraphy remains a popular art form in China and around the world. Many people, both young and old, continue to study and practice calligraphy as a way to connect with Chinese culture and traditions. Calligraphy exhibitions, workshops, and competitions are held regularly to showcase the talent and skills of calligraphers.In conclusion, Chinese calligraphy is a beautiful and meaningful art form that has been passed down through generations. It is a reflection of the rich cultural heritage of China and a symbol of the beauty of the Chinese language. Whether you are an artist, a student, or simply someone interested in learning more about Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy is a fascinating and rewarding subject to explore.篇2Introduction to Chinese CalligraphyChinese calligraphy, also known as "shufa" in Chinese, is a traditional art form that has been practiced for thousands of years. It is considered one of the highest forms of Chinese art and is highly valued for its beauty, elegance, and expressive power.Chinese calligraphy is not just a form of writing, but a form of artistic expression. It is a way for artists to communicate their thoughts and emotions through the strokes and lines of the brush. The brush strokes in Chinese calligraphy are often compared to the movements of a dancer or the notes of a musician, as each stroke carries its own rhythm and energy.There are several different styles of Chinese calligraphy, each with its own techniques and characteristics. Some of the most famous styles include seal script, clerical script, cursive script, and regular script. Each style has its own unique beauty and history, reflecting the different periods and artistic tastes of Chinese history.In Chinese calligraphy, the brush, ink, paper, and inkstone are the four treasures of the study. The brush is made of animalhair and comes in various sizes and shapes, allowing artists to create different effects and textures. The ink is made from soot and glue, and is ground on an inkstone with water to create a smooth, flowing ink. The paper used for Chinese calligraphy is often made from rice or mulberry bark, which creates a smooth surface for the brush to glide across.Chinese calligraphy is not just a visual art form, but also a spiritual practice. It is believed to cultivate the artist's character and discipline, as well as improve their concentration and mindfulness. By practicing calligraphy, artists can enter a state of meditation and focus, where they can express their innermost thoughts and emotions through the movement of the brush.Overall, Chinese calligraphy is a rich and beautiful art form that has been passed down through generations. It continues to inspire artists and art lovers around the world with its timeless beauty and profound meaning.篇3Chinese calligraphy is a traditional art form that has been practiced for thousands of years in China. It is considered one of the highest forms of Chinese art and is held in high regard for its beauty, elegance, and cultural significance.Chinese calligraphy utilizes Chinese characters as its primary form of expression. Each character is carefully crafted using a brush and ink on paper or silk, with an emphasis on balance, rhythm, and harmony. The strokes are made with precision and skill, resulting in a visually pleasing composition that conveys the meaning and emotion of the text.There are several different styles of Chinese calligraphy, each with its own unique characteristics and historical significance. The most well-known styles include regular script, running script, cursive script, and seal script. Each style has its own rules and techniques, but all share a common emphasis on control, discipline, and artistic expression.Chinese calligraphy is not just a visual art form, but also a spiritual practice and meditative discipline. Practitioners of calligraphy must cultivate patience, concentration, and inner peace in order to create a work of art that is both aesthetically pleasing and spiritually uplifting.In addition to its artistic and cultural significance, Chinese calligraphy is also valued for its practical applications. It has been used for centuries in China for writing official documents, poetry, literature, and personal correspondence. It is also an importantpart of Chinese culture and is often taught in schools as a way to preserve and pass on traditional values and customs.Overall, Chinese calligraphy is a rich and diverse art form that reflects the beauty and complexity of Chinese culture. Its intricate strokes, elegant compositions, and deep spiritual meaning make it a timeless and enduring symbol of Chinese artistry and creativity.。
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书法介绍英文版C a l l i g r a p h y I n t r o d uc t i o nHEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】CalligraphyCalligraphy is understood in China as the art of writing a good hand with the brush or the study of the rules and techniques of this art. As such it is peculiar to China and the few countries influenced by ancient Chinese culture.In the history of Chinese art, calligraphy has always been held inequal importance to painting. Great attention is also paid today toits development by holding exhibitions of ancient and contemporaryworks and by organizing competitions among youngsters and people fromvarious walks of life. Sharing of experience in this field oftenmakes a feature in Sino-Japanese cultural exchange.Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture.ClassificationChinese scripts are generally divided into five categories:The seal character (zhuan), the official or clerical script (li), theregular script (kai), the running hand (xing) and the cursive hand(cao).1) The zhuan script or seal character was the earliest form of writingafter the oracle inscriptions, which must have caused greatinconvenience because they lacked uniformity and many characters werewritten in variant forms. The first effort for the unification ofwriting, it is said, took place during the reign of King Xuan (827-782B. C.) of the Western Zhou Dynasty, when his taishi (grand historian)Shi Zhou compiled a lexicon of 15 chapters, standardizing Chinesewriting under script called zhuan. It is also known as zhouwen afterthe name of the author. This script, often used in seals, is translated into English as the seal character, or as the "curly script" after the shape of its strokes.Shi Zhou's lexicon (which some thought was written by a later author of the state of Qin) had long been lost, yet it is generally agreed that the inscriptions on the drum-shaped Qin stone blocks were basically of the same style as the old zhuan script.When, in 221 B. C., Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the whole of China under one centralgovernment, he ordered his Prime Minister Li Si to collect and sort out all the different systems of writing hitherto prevalent in different parts of the country in a great effort to unify the written language under one system. What Li did, in effect, was to simplify the ancient zhuan (small seal) script.Today we have a most valuable relic of this ancient writing in the creator Li Si's own hand engraved on a stele standing in the Temple to the God of Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province. The 2,200-year-old stele, worn by age and weather, has only nine and a half characters left on it.2) The lishu (official script) came in the wake of the xiaozhuan in the same short-lived Qin Dynasty (221 - 207 B. C.). This was because the xiaozhuan, though a simplified form of script, was still too complicated for the scribes in the various government offices who had to copy an increasing amount of documents. Cheng Miao, a prison warden, made a further simplification of the xiaozhuan, changing the curly strokes into straight and angular ones and thus makingwriting much easier. A further step away from the pictographs, it was named lishu because li in classical Chinese meant "clerk" or "scribe". Another version says that Cheng Miao, because of certain offence, became a prisoner and slave himself; as the ancients also called bound slaves "li", so the script was named lishu or the "script of a slave".3) The lishu was already very close to, and led to the adoption of, kaishu, regular script. The oldest existing example of this dates from the Wei (220-265), and the script developed under the Jin (265-420). The standard writing today is square in form, non-cursive and architectural in style. The characters are composed of a number of strokes out of a total of eight kinds-the dot, the horizontal, the vertical, the hook, the rising, the left-falling (short and long) and the right-falling strokes. Any aspirant for the status of calligrapher must start by learning to write a good hand in kaishu.4) On the basis of lishu also evolved caoshu (grass writing or cursive hand), which is rapid and used for making quick but rough copies. This style is subdivided into two schools: zhangcao and jincao.The first of these emerged at the time the Qin was replaced by the Han Dynasty between the 3rd and 2nd centuries B. C. The characters, though written rapidly, still stand separate one from another and the dots are not linked up with other strokes.Jincao or the modern cursive hand is said to have been developed by Zhang Zhi (?-c. 192 A. D.) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in the Jin and Tang dynasties and is still widely popular today.It is the essence of the caoshu, especially jincao, that the characters are executed swiftly with the strokes running together. The characters are often joined up, with the last stroke ofthe first merging into the initial stroke of the next. They also vary in size in the same piece of writing, all seemingly dictated by the whims of the writer.A great master at caoshu was Zhang Xu (early 8th century) of the Tang Dynasty, noted for the complete abandon with which he applied the brush. It is said that he would not set aboutwriting until he had got drunk. This he did, allowing the brush to "gallop" across the paper, curling, twisting or meandering in one unbroken stroke, thus creating an original style. Today one may still see fragments of a stele carved with characters in his handwriting, kept in the Provincial Museum of Shaanxi.The best example and model for xingshu, all Chinese calligraphers will agree, is theInscription on Lanting Pavilion in the hand of Wang Xizhi (321-379) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. To learn to write a nice hand in Chinese calligraphy, assiduous and persevering practice is necessary. This has been borne out by the many great masters China has produced. Wang Xizhi, the great artist just mentioned, who has exerted a profound influence on, and has been held in high esteem by, calligraphers and scholars throughout history, is said to have blackened in his childhood all the water of a pond in front of his house by washing the writing implements in it after his daily exercises. Another master, Monk Zhiyong of the Sui Dynasty (581-618) was so industrious in learning calligraphy that he filled many jars with worn-out writing brushes, which he buried in a "tomb of brushes".Renewed interest in brush-writing has been kindled today among the pupils in China, some of whom already show promises as worthy successors to the ancient masters.Four Treasures of the StudyTo produce Chinese characters one will need a brush, paper, inkstick and ink stone, commonly referred to as the "Four Treasuresof the Study". To learn calligraphy, it is necessary to learnabout these tools.While brushes are varied, white-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair and yellow-weasel-hair brushes are the main ones. On the basis of function, brushes are classified into three groups: hard, soft and both. Brush handles are usually made of bamboo, wood, lacquer or porcelain; ivory or jade handles are rare and precious.The ink stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink stick ishui mo(Anhui ink stick), made of pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink stick, which must be balanced in the hand during the grinding or rubbing process. Press hard and rub lightly, slowly and evenlyagainst the ink slab until a thick, liquid-ink forms.Paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220). While paper comes in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in the Jing Prefecture of Xuanzhou (today's Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and mothproof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.Ink stones or ink slabs have been classified into three categories:Duan,SheandTao. Features common to all three ink slabs are the stone's hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is not dry or slippery. Using a hard, smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink stick against the stone.By controlling the flexibility of the brush, the concentration of the ink and the absorbency of the paper, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.Calligraphy: Leader of All Art FormsFew nations in the world have calligraphy as a form of art. In China, calligraphy has maintained a close rapport with the country's cultural development.Calligraphy is an expressive art. According to an old Chinese saying, "the way characters are written is a portrait of the person who writes them." Expressing the abstract beauty of lines and rhythms, calligraphy is a reflection of a person's emotions, moral integrity, character, educational level, accomplishments in self-cultivation, intellectual tastes and approach to life. Chinese characters, which convey ideas, are regarded as the most abstract and sublime art form.Calligraphy is also a practical fine art. Exotic calligraphic inscriptions written on paper, wooden plaques or stone tablets serve as decorations of a deep artistic value.Calligraphy manifests the basic characteristics of all Chinese arts. Closely associated with paintings -- the two leaders of Chinese art forms -- calligraphy takes precedence over painting since it greatly inspired the art of painting. Moreover, calligraphy has influenced other typically Chinese art forms like classical poetry, seal-cutting, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.Calligraphy is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and body. It is a most relaxing yet highly disciplined exercise for physical and spiritual well-being. Historically, many calligraphic artists lived to a ripe, old age.An Art of the OrientChinese calligraphy is an Oriental art. Like chopsticks, calligraphy was once entirely Chinese, but as Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, and Singapore, calligraphy became a unique feature of the Oriental art.Calligraphy is even wildly accepted by the West; as once Picasso said, "Had I been born Chinese, I would have been a calligrapher, not a painter." Many calligraphic elements are being adopted by modern western art.。