专题05短文填空

专题05 短文填空
（2023年陕西省统考中考真题）短文填空:（共10小题, 计10分）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。

（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。

）
Nature is wonderful. It ____41____ our best teacher. It teaches us a lot and we are born to learn from it to solve ____42____. For example, scientists used what they saw in nature to improve our way of travelling. In days of highspeed train research and ____43____, scientists were once faced with a noise problem. The trains pushed air through tunnels at ____44____ speeds. So, when a train came out of a tunnel, it could be very, very ____45____. However, kingfisher birds hardly make a sound when they get into lakes or rivers. Engineers ____46____ a clever idea. They changed the front of the trains to match the shape of the kingfisher. Then the air could ____47____ pass over the trains. The problem was solved!
The kingfisher ____48____ example is just one that we learned from nature. Scientists study the smart models that nature can ____49____. Then they use their wisdom(智慧) and imagination to design new products. Nature provides us with ____50____ possibilities to find wonderful ways to improve our lives. Learning from nature knows no bounds(永无止境)!
【答案】41. is 42. problems 43. development 44. high 45. noisy 46. got 47. easily 48. bird’s/birds’ 49. offer 50. endless
【41题详解】
句意：它是我们最好的老师。

本句陈述一般事实，需用一般现在时；且主语是It，be动词用is。

故填is。

【42题详解】
句意：它教会了我们很多东西，我们天生就会从中学习来解决问题。

根据“solve”可知是解决问题，problem“问题”，空处需用复数形式表示泛指。

故填problems。

【43题详解】
句意：在高速列车研发的日子里，科学家们曾经面临着一个噪音问题。

根据“research and...”可知此处and连接两个并列名词，development“开发，研发”符合语境。

故填development。

【44题详解】
句意：火车以高速推动空气通过隧道。

根据“The trains pushed air through tunnels at...speeds.”和常识可知火车通过隧道时速度非常快。

at high speeds“高速行驶时”。

故填high。

【45题详解】
句意：所以，当火车驶出隧道时，可能会非常非常吵。

根据“it could be very, very...”和常识可知此时会很吵。

be动词后跟形容词noisy“吵闹的”，作表语。

故填noisy。

【46题详解】
句意：工程师们想出了一个聪明的主意。

根据“They changed the front of the trains to match the shape of the kingfisher”可知想出了一个主意。

get“获得”符合语境；且本句是一般过去时，动词需用过去式。

故填got。

【47题详解】
句意：这样空气就可以很容易地通过火车。

根据“The problem was solved!”可知此处是指空气很容易地通过火车。

空处需用副词修饰动词短语。

easily“容易地”。

故填easily。

【48题详解】
句意：翠鸟的例子只是我们从大自然中学到的一个例子。

根据“The kingfisher...example”可知此处是指翠鸟的例子。

bird“鸟”，空处可用单数形式所有格，也可用复数形式的所有格。

故填bird’s/birds’。

【49题详解】
句意：科学家研究自然可以提供智能模型。

根据“Scientists study the smart models that nature can...”和全文可知大自然为人们提供了很多模型。

offer“提供”；can后跟动词原形。

故填offer。

【50题详解】
句意：大自然为我们提供了无限的可能性，让我们找到改善生活的奇妙方法。

根据“Learning from nature knows no bounds(永无止境)!”可知是指无限的可能性。

endless“无穷无尽的，无限的”，形容词作作定语。

故填endless。

（2022年陕西省统考中考真题）短文填空:（共10小题, 计10分）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。

（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。

）
In October 2021, a local newspaper told a story of a mon man, Jia Shuangdeng. He 61. ________ from Shaanxi Province. He not only works hard but has helped many deaf people 62. ________ a better life as well.
At the age of 14, something 63. ________ happened to Jia and turned him into a deaf person. Sad and heartbroken,
he had to leave school and learned by 64. ________ at home for more than two years. Later, with other 65. ________ help, he cheered up and made a living by making shoes. He 66. ________ many difficulties but he faced them bravely and kept on working hard. 67. ________, his shoes became popular and sold well. After a few years, he started his own factory and it was 68. ________. However, he didn't forget those who had helped him. So he decided to help the people in need. These years, he has offered many deaf people chances to work.
What he did has benefited (有益于) lots of deaf people. “The person I want to thank 69. ________ in my life is Mr. Jia. Thanks to him, I've got a good job and have a happy life now. He always tells us although we are disabled, we can also 70. ________ our dreams by working hard,” said Xie Ting, who was helped by Jia.
【短文大意】本文讲述了身残志坚的贾双登创业成功并回馈社会的故事。

61.【答案】is
【解析】此处是说，他来自陕西省。

主语是He,故填is。

62.【答案】live
【解析】此处是说，他不仅努力工作，还帮助很多失聪的人过上了更好的生活。

help sb.do sth."帮助某人做某事”。

根据语境可知，填live。

63【答案】unlucky
【解析】此处是说，贾双登遭遇了一些不幸的事情，他变成了失聪者。

根据语境可知，填unlucky。

64.【答案】himself
【解析】此处是说，他不得不离开学校，在家自学了两年多。

learn by oneself"自学"。

根据语境可知，填反身代词himself。

65.【答案】people's
【解析】此处是说，在其他人的帮助下。

根据语境可知，填people的所有格形式people's。

66.【答案】Met
【解析】此处是说，他遇到了很多困难。

根据语境可知选动词meet。

又由faced可知应用一般过去时，故填met。

67.【答案】Finally
【解析】此处是说，最终，他的鞋子变得很受欢迎，卖得很好。

根据语境可知，填Finally。

68.【答案】successful
【解析】此处是说，他创办了自己的工厂，并且很成功。

分析句子结构可知，此处用形容词作表语，结合语境可知填successful。

69.【答案】most
【解析】此处是说，在我的一生中我最想感谢的人是贾先生。

根据语境可知，填much的最高级形式most。

70.【答案】achieve
【解析】此处是说，通过努力工作，我们也能实现自己的梦想。

根据设空前的can可知，设空处应用动词原形，结合语境可知填achieve。

（2021年陕西省统考中考真题）短文填空:（共10小题, 计10分）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。

（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。

）
he win hour swim father seem unlucky hard talk end
Rick Hoyt is American and he has a good job at the University of
Boston. 61. __________, he is in a wheelchair because of a serious illness. He can't
62._______ either and he uses a puter for daily munication. However, he loves sport and
wants to challenge 63. ________ in triathlona sports petition in which people swim 4
kilometers, bike 180 kilometers and run 42 kilometers. How can Rick make it as he can't
swim, bike or run and sits in a wheelchair? It 64. ________ to be an impossible dream
for him to realize.
Rick can take part because he does it with his father, Dick Hoyt. Together, they try their best to do the 65. ________ task in their lifein the running, his father pushes him in his wheelchair; in the 66. ________, Rick lies in a small boat and his father swims and pulls him; in the cycling Rick sits in a special seat on the front of his 67. ___________ bike.
Of course, the Hoyts never win the race. The winner of a triathlon usually pletes it in about nine 68._________, but the Hoyts take much longer time. "That's right, "says the father. "We never win. But Rick and I think that we always win. "
Now the father and son have 69. _________ the respect（尊敬）of many people. And their 70. ________ courage also sets a god example for us all. It sends out the message how important it is that we believe in ourselves and never give up.
【短文大意】本文主要讲述了残疾人Rick Hoyt挑战自己，和父亲一起参加铁人三项的故事。

61.【答案】Unluckily
【解析】此处是说，不幸的是，他因身患重病而坐在轮椅上。

分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰整个
句子。

故填Unluckily。

62.【答案】talk
【解析】此处是说，他也不能说话。

根据设空前的can't可知，设空处应用动词原形，结合语境可知填talk。

63.【答案】Himself
【解析】此处是说，然而，他热爱运动，并且想要在铁人三项中挑战自己。

根据语境可知填反身代词himself。

64.【答案】seems
【解析】此处是说，那对他来说似乎是一个不可能实现的梦想。

it seems...看起来好像，似乎。

故填seems。

65.【答案】hardest/hard
【解析】此处是说，他们一起尽最大的努力完成人生中（最）艰难的任务。

根据设空前的the 可知，此处可用最高级hardest,表示"最艰难的（任务）”，也可用hard,特指“那个艰难的（任务）”。

66.【答案】swimming
【解析】此处是说，在游泳比赛中，Rick 躺在一条小船上，他的父亲游泳并拉着他。

根据上文的"in the running"和下文的"in the cycling"可知，此处应填swimming。

67.【答案】father's
【解析】此处是说，在自行车比赛中，Rick坐在他父亲的自行车前面的一个特殊座位上。

此处表示”他父亲的自行车“，故填father的所有格形式father's。

68.【答案】hours
【解析】此处是说，铁人三项的获胜者通常在大约9小时内完成比赛。

根据设空前的nine可知此处应填hour 的复数形式hours。

69.【答案】won
【解析】此处是说，现在这对父子已经赢得了许多人的尊敬。

根据设空前的have可知，此处为现在完成时，故填win的过去分词won。

70.【答案】endless
【解析】此处是说，他们无尽的勇气也为我们所有人树立了一个好的榜样。

分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词courage,结合语境可知填endless。

（2020年陕西省统考中考真题）短文填空:（共10小题, 计10分）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。

（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。

）
For most of us Chinese, Rick Clay might not be so popular. However, the name is______41______known in the sports field. Rick Clay lives in Wellington, New Zealand. He is one of the ______42______ top athletes (田径运动员). He first becane famous five years ago when he broke the 400m world recor.
Rick ______43______won five gold medals (奖牌) in the last few years. This year has been very _____44_____ for Rick, however. In May, he had bad luck because he hurt _____45_____ by accident while he was preparing for this year’s Tokyo World Championships. He was ______46______ to the hospital. The doctor said it was not serious but would still take some time for him to be all right again.
Ever since then, he has not run in any more ______47______.
Rick has tried to be positive (积极的) about his health. “It’s been a hard year, but I’m getting______48______, though it takes time," he said. “I love green plants and flowers. There _____49_____ many in my yard. I have done lots of gardening and spent more time with my family. So that’s good.
The next world petition is in Sydney in December. “I really want to______50______. But I’m not sure if my leg will be ready for the game. I do hope it will be by then.”
【答案】41. widely 42. world’s 43. has 44. difficult 45. himself 46. taken 47. races 48. better 49. are 50. go
【41题详解】
句意：然而，这个名字在体育领域广为人知。

根据句子结构可知，该空修饰后面的known，表示“广为人知”，应选择wide，意为“宽的，广泛的”，应变为副词形式。

故答案为widely。

【42题详解】
句意：他是世界顶级运动员之一。

根据句意可知，这里表示“世界顶级的运动员之一”，world是名词，意为“世界”，这里应用所有格形式，修饰后面的名词。

故答案为world’s。

【43题详解】
句意：Rick在过去几年里赢得了五枚金牌。

句中in the last few years表示“在过去的几年里”，常与现在完成时态搭配使用；主语Rick是第三人称单数，空后是过去分词won，这里应填助动词has。

故答案为has。

【44题详解】句意：然而，今年对Rick来说是非常困难的一年。

根据句中however表示转折以及下文中““It’s been a hard year, but…”可知，Rick在训练中受伤，因此今年对他来说非常困难。

difficult“困难的”，形容词，在句中作表语，符合语境。

故答案为difficult。

【45题详解】句意：今年5月，他运气不佳，因为他在准备今年的东京世锦赛时意外受伤。

根据句意可知，Rick在训练中受伤，即“伤到了他自己”，he是人称代词主格，这里应将其变为反身代词himself，意为“他自己”。

故答案为himself。

【46题详解】句意：他被送到了医院。

根据句意可知，这里表示“被送到医院”，应选择动词take，且与主语构成被动关系，应用被动语态，这里应填过去分词形式。

故答案为taken。

【47题详解】句意：从那以后，他再也没有参加过任何比赛。

根据文意可知，Rick是田径运动员，因为受伤，他不能参加比赛，因此这里选择race，意为“赛事，赛跑”。

由空前的any more可知，这里应用复数形式，故答案为races。

【48题详解】句意：“这是艰难的一年，但我正在好转，尽管这需要时间，”他说。

根据句意可知，Rick说他正在恢复，应选择well，指“身体健康”。

结合语境可知，这里暗含有跟以前相比的意思，表示“变得更好”，应用比较级形式。

故答案为better。

【49题详解】句意：我喜欢绿色的植物和花。

在我的院子里有很多。

这句话使用的是there be句型，表示“有……”。

主语为many，指代“很多植物和花”，be动词应用复数，且这个直接引语中使用的是一般现在时，故答案为are。

【50题详解】句意：我真的很想去。

根据上句话“The next world petition is in Sydney in December.”可知，这里Rick表示想要去参加比赛，因此应选择动词go。

句中使用了句型want to do sth.“想要做某事”，动词用原形。

故答案为go。

（2019年陕西省统考中考真题）短文填空:（共10小题, 计10分）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。

（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。

）
It was nine on a cold winter night.I hurried to go home from work on my motorbike.
At the last crossing，while I was____41____for the green light，I saw an old man walking toward me.He____42____me and I felt a little nervous.The old man said_____43_____“Excuse me.Could you please help me?”I looked at him up and down.He looked about 70 years old.
The old man took out a 10yuan bill and said to me，"You see the old lady over there?She is selling baked（烤）sweet potatoes.Could you just____44____.the money and buy one from her?"He pointed at an old lady selling
something about fifty_____45_____away in the corner.
“But why don't you go and buy it___46___?””I was puzzles（迷惑的）.The old man continued."That old lady is my wife and it's her___47___. day to sell baked sweet potatoes.Just now I called her.She told me that there was only one sweet potato left and she wouldn't go home until all the sweet potatoes were____48____.
But I know she she can't stand the cold because her legs hurt.I'm very worried about her."
At that time，I understood why the old man asked me to buy his ___49___. sweet potato.I felt really warm and moved.Without taking the money，I rode to the old lady quickly and bought the last one.As I waved goodbye to the old man.I____50____see him standing there with a thankful smile.
【答案】41. waiting 42. stopped 43. slowly 44. take 45. meters 46. yourself 47. first
48. sold 49. wife's 50. could
【41题详解】句意：在最后一个十字路口，当我在等待绿灯时，我看见一个老人朝我走来。

这里是while 引导的时间状语从句，用过去进行时，其结构是be doing的形式，短语wait for表示等待。

根据题意，故填waiting。

【42题详解】句意：他拦下我，我感到有点紧张。

根据下文and I felt a little nervous可知这里是拦下了我，用stop的过去式stopped。

根据句意，故填stopped。

【43题详解】
句意：老人慢慢地说：“对不起，你能帮我一下吗？
这里是副词修饰动词，这里用slow的副词slowly，意思是“慢地”，根据句意，故填slowly。

【44题详解】句意：你能拿着钱从她那儿买一个吗？根据上文She is selling baked（烤）sweet potatoes.可知这里是拿钱买一块红薯。

Could you just+动词短语。

take the money表示拿钱。

根据题意，
故填take。

【45题详解】句意：他指着一位老太太，她在大约50米远的角落里卖东西。

fifty +名词复数。

meter意思是“米”，这里用复数，根据句意，故填meters。

【46题详解】句意：但是你为什么不自己去买呢？这里是作者问他为什么不自己去买，这里用your的反身代词yourself你自己。

根据题意，故填yourself。

【47题详解】句意：那个老太太是我的妻子，这是她第一天卖烤红薯。

根据下文to sell baked sweet potatoes 可知上文是说是第一填买烤红薯。

表示第几天用序数词，one的序数词是first，根据句意，故填first。

【48题详解】句意：她告诉我只剩下一个红薯了，她要等到所有的红薯都卖完了才回家。

主语是all the sweet potatoes，这里用一般过去时态的被动语态，其结构是were/was done的形式，sell的过去分词是sold。

根据句意，故填sold。

【49题详解】句意：那时，我明白了为什么老人要我买他妻子的红薯。

表示某人的东西，用名词所有格。

his wife's sweet potato他妻子的甜红薯。

根据句意，故填wife's。

【50题详解】句意：我可以看到他带着感激的微笑站在那里。

整个短文是过去式，这里用can的过去式，could。

根据句意，故填could。

短文填空:（共10小题, 计10分）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。

（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。

）
Born in California, the United States in 2003 to an American father and a Chinese mother, Gu Ailing started skiing when she was just "a little pink ball":"While other kids 61. crying all day, I had already moved on to a new stage," Gu said. Ever since then, Gu has 62. many petitions and made rapid progress.
In 2019, Gu decided to change 63. nationality(国籍）from the USA to China."I have decided to pete for China in the Beijing Olympic Winter Games. It was once a difficult 64. for me to make.
Now, it encourages millions of young people in China where my mom was born and I'm proud to have a chance to improve the sport I love," she wrote on social media. Some foreign people posted unpleasant ments on the Internet, but she wasn't 65. at all.
In her free big air(自由式滑雪大跳台）match,she decided to choose the move that she had never been able to do before for the gold medal instead of a simple one to get a silver medal 66. She successfully did a leftside double cork 1,620 with a safety grab and became the 67. woman athlete to finish this move. With a high score of 94.50 points, Gu got the gold medal.
Spending at least two months in China every year after she was two, Gu 68. speak Mandarin(普通话）fluently at a really young age. She once said, "My job is to use sports as a power for unity(团结）between countries and I'll try even 69. to achieve that. Sport isn't something that can be used to divide nations. Instead, it carries all 70. wishto be faster, higher, stronger and together".
61.【答案】were
【解析】此处是说，在其他孩子还在整天哭泣的时候，谷爱凌已经进入一个新的阶段；根据谷爱凌说话的内容并结合”had already moved on to a new stage"可知，空处应用过去进行时，故填were。

62.【答案】won
【解析】此处是说，从那以后，谷屡获比赛冠军，进步很快。

在比赛中获胜应用win;根据时间状语Ever since then可知，该句应用现在完成时，因此空处应填win的过去分词，故填won。

63.【答案】her
【解析】此处是说，谷爱凌将自己的美国国籍改为中国国籍，空处在句中作定语，因此应用形容词性物主代词，故填her。

64.【答案】decision
【解析】此处是说，我决定为中国参加北京冬奥会，对我来说，这曾经是一个艰难的决定。

结合前面一句话中的decided并根据空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填decide 的名词形式，故填decision。

65.【答案】influenced
【解析】此处是说，虽然有些外国人在网上发表了一些不愉快的言论，谷爱凌丝毫不受影响。

该句为被动语态，应用influence的过去分词，故填influenced。

66.【答案】easily
【解析】根据本句话中的"had never been able to do before for the gold medal"以及"a simple one to get a silver medal"可知，应选easy;又因为"get"为动词，应用副词修饰，故填easily。

67.【答案】first
【解析】此处是说，谷爱凌成为第一个完成这一动作的女运动员，根据前面的定冠词the可知，此处应填one的序数词形式，故填first。

68.【答案】could
【解析】此处是说，谷爱凌很小的时候就能说一口流利的普通话；根据时间状语“at a really young age"可知，空处应填can的过去时态，故填could。

69.【答案】harder
【解析】此处是说，谷爱凌认为自己的工作是把体育作为国家之间团结的力量，她会更加努力地实现这一目标。

结合even可知，此处应填比较级形式，故填harder。

70.【答案】people's
【解析】此处是说，更快、更高、更强和在一起承载着所有人的愿望。

根据句意可知，此处应填people;又因为空处在句中作定语，所以应用名词的所一有格形式，故填people's。