Ancient Chinese Philosophy汇总
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• The “Four Books”: – The Great Learning – The Doctrine of the Mean – The Analects – The Mencius
• The “Five Classics”: – Classic of Changes – Classic of History – Classic of Poetry – Classic of Rites – Spring and Autumn Annals
Confucianism
Other important concepts of Confucius’ Philosophy
Xiao (Filial piety)
➢ the respect and obedience to one’s parents. ➢ the specific duties and veneration to all the
The Three Obediences and Four Virtues
• The traditional ideal of a woman is that she is a dependant being whose behavior is governed by “three obediences” (to father before marriage, to husband after marriage, and to son after becoming a widow: 未嫁从父, 既嫁 从夫, 夫死从子) and four “virtues” (morality, proper speech, modest manner, and diligence: 品德、言语、仪 态、女工).
great famous scholars. Purpose of his teaching: to help his students acquire
necessary skill to get into politics.
Confucianism - Texts
• The Confucian classics have formed the core curriculum in the education of Chinese academics and intellectuals throughout most of imperial periods.
The Core of Confucius’ Philosophy
Li
• The moral ways of conduct • Politeness, courtesy, propriety, proper
etiquette and good manners. • According to Confucius’ thought, Ren and
Confucianism
Confucius
551--479 B.C., Qufu, the State of Lu (currently Shandong Province)
Family name: Kong; Given name: Qiu; courtesy name: Zhongni.
A low ranking official Established the first private school in China and accepted
the students from every country. Subjects: Manners, Music, Calligraphy, Charioteering,
Archery and Mathematics (礼，乐，书，御，射，数） He had more than 3000 students. Among them, 72 became
Mencius (372-289BC)
• Mencius was born in a small state, Zou (邹), in the present southern part of Shandong Province.
• Second Sage in the Confucian school • Mencius also believed that those virtues
• In Confucius’ thought, some actions ought to be performed for the sole reason that they are right--regardless of what they produce; not for the sake of something else.
suggested by Confucius were very important. Mencius especially argued that these virtues could be considered as our human nature.
Mencius (372-289BC)
As known as another great educator and statesman, Mencius inherited the ideas, and made it further more systematic. He also added his own opinions. E.g. Human dispositions are originally good, just like water flows downwards.
• The five constant virtues: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and fidelity (仁、义、礼、智、信).
The Analects
• The Analects (《论语》Lun Yu ) were about the Sayings of Confucius and His Successors, in which most of his teachings and beliefs were clearly illuminated. It has been regarded as one of the greatest books which embodies Confucian philosophy --Confucianism.
Limitation of Confucian Thinking
• Traditional Chinese ethics includes both good and bad elements. Some reflect the high standard of moral pursuit of the Chinese people, while others seem less relevant in modern society. For example, the three obediences and four virtues (三从 四德) and the three basic rules and five constant virtues (三纲五常) have long been abandoned by the Chinese people.
Ren
• Central doctrine and fundamental virtue of Confucianism
• Love all men -- benevolence, kindness, humanity, charity and sympathy.
• Government should be based on the virtue of Ren.
lives, but also the ideology of later generationsiety”
Confucianism
Confucius
• Educator • Thinker • Statesman • A symbol of Chinese culture
interpersonal relations and international relations Peace is most precious. (by Confucius) • The construction of harmonious society is based on the concept of He.
filial piety can potentially conflict.
Confucianism
Other important concepts of Confucius’ Philosophy
He (peace and harmony)
• Keeping balance in mind • Doctrine in one’s character cultivation,
Ancient Chinese Philosophy and Religion
• Confucianism • Daoism (Taoism) • Buddhism
Confucianism
• Confucianism is a school of thought represented by Confucius and Mencius.
elderly and the veteran people of the society. • Contribute to the stable construction of the family and society.
Confucianism
Other important concepts of Confucius’ Philosophy
Confucianism
• The Five Cardinal Relationships:
Ruler – the Ruled Husband – wife Parents – Children Elder brother – Younger brother Friend – Friend
The Core of Confucius’ Philosophy
Zhong (Loyalty)
• Loyal to the country and the people • Extended to one's duties to friends, family,
and spouse. • One of the great human virtues. • Confucius also realized that loyalty and
• The school takes the teachings of Confucius as its core of thought and regards the words and deeds of Confucius as its highest code of behavior.
• Confucianism values the ethical relations of men. Confucianism deeply influenced not only the daily
Li is inseparable.
Confucianism
Other important concepts of Confucius’ Philosophy
Yi (Righteousness)
• The ability to recognize what is right and the moral disposition to do good
The Three Basic Rules and Five Constant Virtues
（三纲五常）
• These were the social norms prescribed by feudal morality.
• The three basic rules: a king should rule over his subjects; a father, his son; a husband, his wife (君为臣纲、父为子纲、夫为妻纲).
• The “Five Classics”: – Classic of Changes – Classic of History – Classic of Poetry – Classic of Rites – Spring and Autumn Annals
Confucianism
Other important concepts of Confucius’ Philosophy
Xiao (Filial piety)
➢ the respect and obedience to one’s parents. ➢ the specific duties and veneration to all the
The Three Obediences and Four Virtues
• The traditional ideal of a woman is that she is a dependant being whose behavior is governed by “three obediences” (to father before marriage, to husband after marriage, and to son after becoming a widow: 未嫁从父, 既嫁 从夫, 夫死从子) and four “virtues” (morality, proper speech, modest manner, and diligence: 品德、言语、仪 态、女工).
great famous scholars. Purpose of his teaching: to help his students acquire
necessary skill to get into politics.
Confucianism - Texts
• The Confucian classics have formed the core curriculum in the education of Chinese academics and intellectuals throughout most of imperial periods.
The Core of Confucius’ Philosophy
Li
• The moral ways of conduct • Politeness, courtesy, propriety, proper
etiquette and good manners. • According to Confucius’ thought, Ren and
Confucianism
Confucius
551--479 B.C., Qufu, the State of Lu (currently Shandong Province)
Family name: Kong; Given name: Qiu; courtesy name: Zhongni.
A low ranking official Established the first private school in China and accepted
the students from every country. Subjects: Manners, Music, Calligraphy, Charioteering,
Archery and Mathematics (礼，乐，书，御，射，数） He had more than 3000 students. Among them, 72 became
Mencius (372-289BC)
• Mencius was born in a small state, Zou (邹), in the present southern part of Shandong Province.
• Second Sage in the Confucian school • Mencius also believed that those virtues
• In Confucius’ thought, some actions ought to be performed for the sole reason that they are right--regardless of what they produce; not for the sake of something else.
suggested by Confucius were very important. Mencius especially argued that these virtues could be considered as our human nature.
Mencius (372-289BC)
As known as another great educator and statesman, Mencius inherited the ideas, and made it further more systematic. He also added his own opinions. E.g. Human dispositions are originally good, just like water flows downwards.
• The five constant virtues: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and fidelity (仁、义、礼、智、信).
The Analects
• The Analects (《论语》Lun Yu ) were about the Sayings of Confucius and His Successors, in which most of his teachings and beliefs were clearly illuminated. It has been regarded as one of the greatest books which embodies Confucian philosophy --Confucianism.
Limitation of Confucian Thinking
• Traditional Chinese ethics includes both good and bad elements. Some reflect the high standard of moral pursuit of the Chinese people, while others seem less relevant in modern society. For example, the three obediences and four virtues (三从 四德) and the three basic rules and five constant virtues (三纲五常) have long been abandoned by the Chinese people.
Ren
• Central doctrine and fundamental virtue of Confucianism
• Love all men -- benevolence, kindness, humanity, charity and sympathy.
• Government should be based on the virtue of Ren.
lives, but also the ideology of later generationsiety”
Confucianism
Confucius
• Educator • Thinker • Statesman • A symbol of Chinese culture
interpersonal relations and international relations Peace is most precious. (by Confucius) • The construction of harmonious society is based on the concept of He.
filial piety can potentially conflict.
Confucianism
Other important concepts of Confucius’ Philosophy
He (peace and harmony)
• Keeping balance in mind • Doctrine in one’s character cultivation,
Ancient Chinese Philosophy and Religion
• Confucianism • Daoism (Taoism) • Buddhism
Confucianism
• Confucianism is a school of thought represented by Confucius and Mencius.
elderly and the veteran people of the society. • Contribute to the stable construction of the family and society.
Confucianism
Other important concepts of Confucius’ Philosophy
Confucianism
• The Five Cardinal Relationships:
Ruler – the Ruled Husband – wife Parents – Children Elder brother – Younger brother Friend – Friend
The Core of Confucius’ Philosophy
Zhong (Loyalty)
• Loyal to the country and the people • Extended to one's duties to friends, family,
and spouse. • One of the great human virtues. • Confucius also realized that loyalty and
• The school takes the teachings of Confucius as its core of thought and regards the words and deeds of Confucius as its highest code of behavior.
• Confucianism values the ethical relations of men. Confucianism deeply influenced not only the daily
Li is inseparable.
Confucianism
Other important concepts of Confucius’ Philosophy
Yi (Righteousness)
• The ability to recognize what is right and the moral disposition to do good
The Three Basic Rules and Five Constant Virtues
（三纲五常）
• These were the social norms prescribed by feudal morality.
• The three basic rules: a king should rule over his subjects; a father, his son; a husband, his wife (君为臣纲、父为子纲、夫为妻纲).